Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day - Daily Torah Study

Not to remove the meat of the Paschal sacrifice from the company in which it is being eaten, as Exodus 12:46 states: “Do not remove any of the meat from the house....”קכגשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא מִבְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח מִן הַחֲבוּרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוֹצִיא מִן הַבַּיִת וְכוּ׳.

Not to allow any of the remaining portions of the meal offerings to leaven, as Leviticus 6:10 states: “It shall not be baked as leaven. Their portion....”קכדשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת שִׁירֵי מְנָחוֹת חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֵאָפֶה חָמֵץ חֶלְקָם.

Not to eat the meat of the Paschal sacrifice raw or boiled in water, as Exodus 12:9 states: “Do not eat from it raw or boiled in water.”קכהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח נָא וּמְבֻשָּׁל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל.

Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to a resident alien, as Exodus 12:45 states: “No temporary resident or hired worker may eat from it.”קכושֶׁלֹּא לְהַאֲכִיל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח לְגֵר תּוֹשָׁב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ.

Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to an uncircumcised male, as Exodus 12:48 states: “No uncircumcised person may eat of it.”קכזשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל הֶעָרֵל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל עָרֵל לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ.

Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to an apostate Jew, as Exodus 12:43 states: “No outsider may eat from it.” This refers to a Jew who has become assimilated among the gentiles and serves false gods, as they do. He must not partake of the Paschal sacrifice.קכחשֶׁלֹּא לְהַאֲכִיל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל בֶּן נֵכָר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּלְוָה לִבְנֵי נֵכָר וְעָבַד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כְּמוֹתָם, לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ.

For a person who became ritually impure not to partake of consecrated foods, as Leviticus 6:20 states: “And a soul who partakes of the meat of the peace sacrifice while he is impure....”קכטשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל אָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא קָדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר תֹּאכַל מִבְּשַׂר זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אֲשֶׁר לַה׳ וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו וְנִכְרְתָה.

Not to partake of consecrated foods that have contracted ritual impurity, as Leviticus 7:19 states: “Meat that has touched any impurity shall not be eaten.”קלשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר יִגַע בְּכָל טָמֵא לֹא יֵאָכֵל.

Not to eat sacrificial meat that has remained past the limits allotted for its consumption, as Leviticus 19:8 states: “One who eats it shall bear his guilt... his soul will be punished by karet.” קלאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל נוֹתָר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאוֹכְלָיו עֲוֹנוֹ יִשָּׂא וְכוּ׳ וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ.

Not to eat piggul, as Leviticus 7:18 states: “It will not be accepted for him. Instead, it will be considered as piggul. Any person who eats it will bear his guilt.” This sin is punishable by karet. קלבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל פִּגּוּל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הַמַּקְרִיב אוֹתוֹ לֹא יֵחָשֵׁב לוֹ פִּגּוּל יִהְיֶה וְגוֹ׳, וְהוּא בְּכָרֵת.

For an unauthorized person not to partake of the terumot, 1 as Leviticus 22:10 states: “No unauthorized person shall eat it.”קלגשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זָר תְּרוּמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל זָר לֹא יֹאכַל קֹדֶשׁ.

For even a tenant or a hired worker employed by a priest not to partake of terumah, as Leviticus 22:10 states: “A tenant of a priest or his hired worker shall not eat the holy food.”קלדשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל אֲפִלּוּ תּוֹשַׁב כֹּהֵן וּשְׂכִירוֹ תְּרוּמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תּוֹשַׁב כֹּהֵן וְשָׂכִיר וְכוּ׳.

For an uncircumcised person not to partake of terumah or other consecrated foods. This concept was derived from a gezerah shavah 2 and is not explicitly mentioned in the Torah. Nevertheless, based on the oral tradition, the prohibition against an uncircumcised person partaking of consecrated foods is considered as a prohibition of the Torah itself and not a decree of the Sages.קלהשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל עָרֵל תְּרוּמָה וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאָר קָדָשִׁים. וְדָבָר זֶה - לִמְּדוֹ הַכָּתוּב מִן הַפֶּסַח בִּגְּזֵרָה שָׁוָה וְאֵינוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ מִן הַתּוֹרָה; וּמִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁאִסּוּר עָרֵל בְּקָדָשִׁים מִגּוּפֵי תּוֹרָה וְאֵינוֹ מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.

For a priest who is impure not to partake of terumah, as Leviticus 22:4 states: “Any of your descendants... shall not eat from the consecrated foods.”קלושֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל כֹּהֵן טָמֵא תְּרוּמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִישׁ מִזַּרְעֲךָ וְכוּ׳ בַּקָּדָשִׁים לֹא יֹאכַל.

For a chalalah not to partake of consecrated foods, neither terumah, nor the breast and the shankbone given to the priest, as Leviticus 22:12 states: “When a priest’s daughter marries an unauthorized person, she shall not eat from the sacred, elevated gifts.”קלזשֶׁלֹּא תֹּאכַל חֲלָלָה קֹדֶשׁ, לֹא תְּרוּמָה וְלֹא חָזֶה וָשׁוֹק; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבַת כֹּהֵן כִּי תִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ זָר הִיא בִּתְרוּמַת הַקֳּדָשִׁים לֹא תֹאכֵל.

For a meal offering brought by a priest not to be eaten, as Leviticus 6:15 states: “Any meal offering brought by a priest shall be consumed entirely by fire ; it shall not be eaten.”קלחשֶׁלֹּא תֵאָכֵל מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן כָּלִיל תִּהְיֶה לֹא תֵאָכֵל.

Not to partake of the meat of the sin offerings whose blood is sprinkled within the Temple sanctuary, as Leviticus 6:23 states: “Any sin offering whose blood has been brought....”קלטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר חַטָּאוֹת הַנַּעֲשׂוֹת בִּפְנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל חַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר יוּבָא מִדָּמָהּ וְכוּ׳ לֹא תֵאָכֵל.

Not to partake of consecrated animals that were disqualified for use as sacrifices because a blemish was intentionally inflicted upon them, as Deuteronomy 14:3 states: “Do not eat of any abomination.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that the verse refers to consecrated animals that were disqualified for use because of a blemish inflicted upon them.קמשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָשִׁין שֶׁהֻטַּל בָּהֶם מוּם בְּכַוָּנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל כָּל תּוֹעֵבָה, לָמַדְנוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה - שֶׁבִּפְסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָשִׁין שֶׁהֻטַּל בָּהֶם מוּם הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר.

Not to eat grain separated as the second tithe outside of Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy 12:17 states: “You may not eat within your gates the tithe from your grain.”קמאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דָּגָן חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְּׁעָרֶיךָ וְכוּ׳.

Not to consume wine separated as the second tithe outside Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...your wine....”קמבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל תִּירוֹשׁ חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תִּירוֹשְׁךָ.

Not to consume oil separated as the second tithe outside Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...and your oil....”קמגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל יִצְהָר חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְיִצְהָרֶךָ.

Not to eat an unblemished firstling animal outside Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat within your gates... and the firstlings of your cattle and flocks....”קמדשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּכוֹר תָּמִים חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וּבְכוֹרוֹת.

For the priests not to eat a sin offering or a guilt offering outside the Temple courtyard, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...your cattle and your flocks.” According to the oral tradition, the purpose of this phrase is only to forbid the consumption of the sin offerings and the guilt offerings outside the Temple courtyard. Anything that is eaten outside the place intended for it is covered by the prohibition: “You may not eat within your gates....”קמהשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכְלוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ בְּקָרְךָ וְצֹאנֶךָ. מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ, שֶׁלֹּא בָּא הַכָּתוּב אֶלָּא לֶאֱסֹר בְּשַׂר חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה; לְפִי שֶׁכָּל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּאָכֵל חוּץ לִמְקוֹם אֲכִילָתוֹ - ״לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְּׁעָרֶיךָ״ אֶקְרָא בּוֹ.

Not to eat the meat of a burnt offering, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat... the sacrifices you have vowed to bring....” Meaning to say: You may not partake of the sacrifices you have vowed to give. This is a warning against a person’s benefiting from the unauthorized use of consecrated articles which he is forbidden to use. If he derives such benefit, he transgresses.קמושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר הָעוֹלָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וְכָל נְדָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּדֹּר; כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל נְדָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּדוֹר. וְזוֹ הִיא אַזְהָרָה שֶׁל כָּל מוֹעֵל, שֶׁלֹּא יֶהֱנֶה מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים הָאֲסוּרִים לֵהָנוֹת מֵהֶם; וְאִם נֶהֱנָה מָעַל.

Not to eat the meat of sacrifices of a lesser order of holiness before the sprinkling of their blood, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat... the animals you have pledged to bring as sacrifices...”—i.e., you are not allowed to eat from the sacrifices you have pledged until their blood has been sprinkled.קמזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים קֹדֶם זְרִיקַת דָּמִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וְנִדְבוֹתֶיךָ, כְּלוֹמַר לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל נִדְבוֹתֶיךָ עַד שֶׁיִּזָּרֵק דָּמָם.

For an unauthorized person not to eat the meat of the sacrifices of the highest order of sanctity, as Exodus 29:33 states: “An unauthorized person shall not partake of them, for they are holy.”קמחשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זָר בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְזָר לֹא יֹאכַל כִּי קֹדֶשׁ הֵם.

For a priest not to partake of the first fruitsbikkurimbefore they are placed down in the Temple courtyard, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat... the elevated gifts delivered by hand.” The latter phrase refers to the first fruits.קמטשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל כֹּהֵן בִּכּוּרִים קֹדֶם הַנָּחָה בָּעֲזָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וּתְרוּמַת יָדֶךָ - אֵלּוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים.

Not to eat the second tithe which has become impure, even within Jerusalem, until it has been redeemed, as Deuteronomy 26:14 states: “I have not consumed it while it is impure.”קנשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּטֻמְאָה וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עַד שֶׁיִּפָּדֶה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא.

Not to eat the second tithe while in mourning, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “I have not eaten from it… while in mourning.”קנאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּאֲנִינוּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא אָכַלְתִּי בְאֹנִי מִמֶּנּוּ.

Not to use the proceeds from the redemption of the second tithe for anything aside from food and drink, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “I have not used it for the dead.” Anything that is not associated with the needs of a living body is referred to as “used for the dead.”קנבשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא דְּמֵי מַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי בִּשְׁאַר דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת, וְכָל שֶׁהוּא חוּץ לְצָרְכֵי הַגּוּף הַחַי - ״נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת״ אֶקְרָא בּוֹ.

Not to eat tevel. Tevel refers to produce from which one is obligated to separate terumah and tithes from which God’s terumah has not been separated, as Leviticus 22:15 states: “And they shall not profane the sacred gifts which the children of Israel will separate for God.” This implies that the produce which the Jews will ultimately separate for God should not be treated in a mundane manner and eaten while tevel. קנגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל טֶבֶל; וְהַטֶּבֶל - הוּא הַדָּבָר שֶׁגִּדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ הַחַיָּב בַּתְּרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא הוֹצִיאוּ מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמוֹת ה׳. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יְחַלְּלוּ אֶת קָדָשֵׁי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת אֲשֶׁר יָרִימוּ לַיְיָ; כְּלוֹמַר: דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן עֲתִידִין לְהָרִים אוֹתָם לַה׳ - לֹא יַעֲשׂוּ אוֹתָם חוֹל וְיֹאכְלוּ אוֹתָם בְּטִבְלָם.

Not to separate terumah before the first fruits, nor the first tithe before terumah, nor the second tithe before the first. Rather, the agricultural gifts must be given in order—first, the first fruits; afterwards, terumah; afterwards, the first tithe; and, afterwards, the second tithe—as implied by Exodus 22:28: “Do not delay your offerings of newly ripened produce and your agricultural offerings.” This means: Do not delay bringing an offering that should be brought first.קנדשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְדִּים תְּרוּמָה לַבִּכּוּרִים, וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַתְּרוּמָה, וְלֹא מַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן; אֶלָּא מוֹצִיאִין עַל הַסֵּדֶר: בִּכּוּרִים תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר, כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא תְאַחֵר דָּבָר הָרָאוּי לְהַקְדִּימוֹ.

Not to delay bringing sacrifices you have vowed to offer, or animals which you have pledged to bring as sacrifices, as Deuteronomy 23:22 states: “ When you make a pledge to God, do not delay paying it.”קנהשֶׁלֹּא לְאַחֵר הַנְּדָרִים וְהַנְּדָבוֹת שֶׁנָּדַר וְשֶׁנָּדַב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ.

Not to make a festive pilgrimage without bringing a sacrifice, as Exodus 23:15 states: “Do not appear before Me empty-handed.”קנושֶׁלֹּא לַעֲלוֹת לַחַג בְּלֹא קָרְבָּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם.

Not to violate a vow which a person makes forbidding his use of anything, as Numbers 30:3 states: “He shall not violate his word.”קנזשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹר עַל דְּבָרִים שֶׁאָסַר אָדָם עַל נַפְשׁוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ.

For a priest not to marry an immoral womanzonah , as Leviticus 21:7 states: “They shall not marry an immoral woman or a chalalah.” קנחשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן זוֹנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה לֹא יִקָּחוּ.

For a priest not to marry a chalalah, 3 as Leviticus 21:7 states: “They shall not marry... a chalalah.” קנטשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן חֲלָלָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַחֲלָלָה לֹא יִקָּחוּ.

For a priest not to marry a divorcee, as Leviticus 21:7 states: “...nor may they marry a woman divorced from her husband.”קסשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן גְּרוּשָׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאִשָּׁה גְּרוּשָׁה מֵאִישָׁהּ לֹא יִקָּחוּ.

For a High Priest not to marry a widow, as Leviticus 21:14 states: “A widow, a divorcee, a chalalah, or an immoral woman—these he must not marry.”קסאשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אַלְמָנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה וַחֲלָלָה זוֹנָה אֶת אֵלֶּה לֹא יִקָּח.

For a High Priest not to have sexual relations with a widow even outside the context of marriage, because by doing so he profanes her, as Leviticus 21:15 states: “He shall not profane his progeny....” This also implies that he must not cause a woman eligible to marry a priest to become ineligible as happens through the relations described above.קסבשֶׁלֹּא יִבְעוֹל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אַלְמָנָה וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּלֹא קִדּוּשִׁין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּחַלְלָהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל זַרְעוֹ בְּעַמָּיו - הֲרֵי הוּא מֻזְהָר שֶׁלֹּא לְחַלֵל כְּשֵׁרָה.

For a priest not to enter the Temple with hair that has grown unseemingly long, as implied by Leviticus 10:6: “Do not let your hair grow long.”קסגשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן לַמִּקְדָּשׁ פָּרוּעַ רֹאשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: רָאשֵׁיכֶם אַל תִּפְרָעוּ.

For a priest not to enter the Temple with torn garments, as implied by Leviticus, op. cit.,: “Do not rend your garments.”קסדשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן לַמִּקְדָּשׁ קָרוּעַ בְּגָדִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבִגְדֵיכֶם לֹא תִפְרוֹמוּ.

For a priest not to leave the Temple courtyard in the midst of service, as implied by Leviticus 10:7: “Do not depart from before the entrance to the Tent of Testimony.”קסהשֶׁלֹּא יֵצֵא הַכֹּהֵן מִן הָעֲזָרָה בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמִפֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לֹא תֵצְאוּ פֶּן תָּמוּתוּ.

For a common priest not to become impure through contact with a corpse with the exception of the specific instances permitted by the Torah, as Leviticus 21:1 states: “He shall not become impure through contact with the dead.”קסושֶׁלֹּא יִטַּמָּא כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט לִשְׁאָר מֵתִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְנֶפֶשׁ לֹא יִטַּמָּא בְּעַמָּיו.

For a High Priest not to become impure through contact with any corpse, even those of his relatives, as Leviticus 21:11 states: “He shall not become impure, even for his father and mother.”קסזשֶׁלֹּא יִטַּמָּא כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וַאֲפִלּוּ לִקְרוֹבָיו; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְאָבִיו וּלְאִמּוֹ לֹא יִטַּמָּא.

For a High Priest not to enter the place where a corpse is found, as Leviticus 21:11 states: “He should not come in contact with any dead body.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that he is obligated for violating both the prohibitions: not to become impure and not to enter the place of a corpse.קסחשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל עִם מֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעַל כָּל נַפְשׁוֹת מֵת לֹא יָבֹא - כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בְּבַל יָבֹא וְחַיָּב בְּבַל יִטַּמָּא.

For the tribe of Levi not to take a portion of Eretz Yisrael, as Deuteronomy 18:2 states: “He shall not receive an inheritance.”קסטשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כָּל שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְנַחֲלָה לֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹ.

For the tribe of Levi not to take a portion of the spoils in the conquest of Eretz Yisrael, as Deuteronomy 18:1 states: “The priests and the Levites shall not receive a portion or an inheritance.”קעשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כָּל שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חֵלֶק בַּבִּזָּה בִּשְׁעַת כִּבּוּשׁ הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִהְיֶה לַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְּוִיִם.

Not to tear out hair in mourning for the dead, as Deuteronomy 14:1 states: “Do not make a bald spot upon your heads.”קעאשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת קָרְחָה עַל מֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָשִׂימוּ קָרְחָה בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם לָמֵת.

Not to eat non-kosher animals, as Deuteronomy 14:7 states: “Nevertheless, among those who chew the cud, these you may not eat....”קעבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַךְ אֶת זֶה לֹא תֹאכְלוּ מִמַּעֲלֵי הַגֵּרָה.

Not to eat non-kosher fish, as Leviticus 11:11 states: “They shall be regarded as a detestable thing for you. Do not partake of their flesh.”קעגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל דָּג טָמֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשֶׁקֶץ יִהְיוּ לָכֶם מִבְּשָׂרָם לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.

Not to eat non-kosher birds, as Leviticus 11:13 states: “These birds you must regard as detestable. Do not partake of them.”קעדשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל עוֹף טָמֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת אֵלֶּה תְּשַׁקְּצוּ מִן הָעוֹף לֹא יֵאָכְלוּ.

Not to eat flying insects, as Deuteronomy 14:19 states: “Every flying insect that is not-kosher for you shall not be eaten.”קעהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם.

Not to eat insects that breed on land, as Leviticus 11:41 states: “Every insect that creeps upon the earth must be regarded as detestable. It may not be eaten.”קעושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשּׁוֹרֵץ עַל הָאָרֶץ שֶׁקֶץ הוּא.

Not to eat anything that creeps on the earth, as Leviticus 11:44 states: “Do not make your souls impure with any insect that creeps upon the earth.”קעזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל רֶמֶשׂ הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְטַמְּאוּ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם.

Not to eat worms that breed in produce after they become exposed to the air, as Leviticus 11:42 states: “...for any swarming creature which breeds upon the land, you shall not eat them.”קעחשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל תּוֹלַעַת הַפֵּרוֹת כְּשֶׁתֵּצֵא לָאֲוִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשּׁוֹרֵץ עַל הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳.

Not to eat swarming creatures that breed in the water, as Leviticus 11:43 states: “Do not make yourselves detestable by eating any swarming creature.”קעטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הַמַּיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תְּשַׁקְצוּ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם בְּכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְגוֹ׳.

Not to eat carrion, as Deuteronomy 14:21 states: “Do not eat carrion.”קפשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מֵתָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכְלוּ כָל נְבֵלָה.

Not to eat an animal with a mortal infliction (treifah), as Exodus 22:30 states: “Do not eat flesh torn off by a predator.”קפאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל טְרֵפָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבָשָׂר בַּשָּׂדֶה טְרֵפָה לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ וְכוּ׳.

Not to eat a limb from a living animal, as Deuteronomy 12:23 states: “Do not eat the life of an animal with its flesh.”קפבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר.

Not to eat the displaced sciatic nerve as Genesis 32:33 states: “Therefore, the children of Israel do not eat the displaced nerve.”קפגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה.

Not to consume blood, as Leviticus 7:26 states: “Do not consume any blood.”קפדשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל דָּם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל דָּם לֹא תֹאכְלוּ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבוֹתֵיכֶם.

Not to partake of hard fat, as Leviticus 7:23 states: “Do not eat any of the fat in an ox, sheep, or goat.”קפהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל חֵלֶב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל חֵלֶב שׁוֹר וְכֶשֶׂב וָעֵז לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.

Not to cook meat and milk together, as Exodus 23:19 states: “Do not cook a kid in its mother’s milk.”קפושֶׁלֹּא לְבַשֵּׁל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ.

Not to eat meat and milk together, as Exodus 34:26 states: “Do not cook a kid in its mother’s milk.” Based on the oral tradition, we have learned that one of these verses implies a prohibition against cooking the two together, and the other, a prohibition against eating from the combination.קפזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ״ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה - כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁאֶחָד לְאִסּוּר בִּשּׁוּל וְאֶחָד לְאִסּוּר אֲכִילָה.

Not to partake of the meat of an ox that was sentenced to be stoned to death, as Exodus 21:28 states: “And do not eat its flesh.”קפחשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר שׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ.

Not to eat bread made from newly grown produce before Pesach, as Leviticus 23:14 states: “ Until that day... you may not eat bread….”קפטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל פַּת תְּבוּאָה חֲדָשָׁה קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֶחֶם וְקָלִי וְכַרְמֶל לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַד עֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה.

Not to eat roasted grain from newly grown produce before Pesach, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “ Until that day... you may not eat... roasted grain….”קצשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל קָלִי מִן הֶחָדָשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְקָלִי לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַד עֶצֶם וְגוֹ׳.

Not to eat fresh grain from newly grown produce before Pesach, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “ Until that day... you may not eat... fresh grain.”קצאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל כַּרְמֶל מִתְּבוּאָה חֲדָשָׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכַרְמֶל לֹא תֹאכְלוּ.

Not to eat orlah for three years, as Leviticus 19:23 states: “For three years, you must regard its fruit as a forbidden growth. It may not be eaten.”קצבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל עָרְלָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים יִהְיֶה לָכֶם עֲרֵלִים לֹא יֵאָכֵל.

Not to eat mixed species planted in a vineyard, as Deuteronomy 22:9 states: “...lest the yield of the crops you planted and the fruit of the vineyard shall become forfeit.” This refers to a prohibition against eating such produce.קצגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: פֶּן תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם - זֶה הוּא אִסּוּר אֲכִילָה.

Not to drink wine used for idolatrous libations, as Deuteronomy 32:38 states: “...who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their libations.”קצדשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן נֶסֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר חֵלֶב זְבָחֵימוֹ יֹאכְלוּ יִשְׁתּוּ יֵין נְסִיכָם.

Not to eat or drink like a glutton and a drunkard, as Deuteronomy 21:20 states: “This son of ours is a glutton and a drunkard.”קצהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת דֶּרֶךְ זוֹלֵל וְסוֹבֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּנֵנוּ זֶה וְכוּ׳ זוֹלֵל וְסוֹבֵא.

Not to eat on the day of the fast of Yom Kippur, as Leviticus 23:29 states: “For any person who does not afflict himself on that day....”קצושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּיוֹם הַצּוֹם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי כָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא תְעֻנֶּה וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי וְנִכְרְתָה.

Not to partake of chametz on Pesach, as Exodus 13:3 states: “Do not eat chametz.”קצזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֵאָכֵל חָמֵץ.

Not to eat a mixture of chametz, as Exodus 12:20 states: “Do not eat any leavened matter.”קצחשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל תַּעֲרֹבֶת חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.

Not to eat chametz after noontime on the fourteenth of Nisan, as Deuteronomy 16:3 states: “Do not eat chametz with it.”קצטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל חָמֵץ אַחַר חֲצוֹת יוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ.

Not to have chametz seen in one’s possession during Pesach, as Exodus 13:7 states: “No chametz and no leaven may be seen in your territories.”רשֶׁלֹּא יֵרָאֶה חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ חָמֵץ.

Not to have chametz found in one’s possession during Pesach, as Exodus 13:7 states: “No chametz may be found in your homes.”ראשֶׁלֹּא יִמָּצֵא חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שְׂאֹר לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָתֵּיכֶם.

For a Nazirite not to drink wine or partake of anything in which wine was mixed and has the taste of wine, as Numbers 6:3 states: “He shall not drink any grape beverage.” This prohibition applies even if the wine or other beverage with which the wine was mixed has become sour, as the above verse states: “He may not drink vinegar from wine or wine-brandy.”רבשֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתֶּה הַנָּזִיר יַיִן וְלֹא דָּבָר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בּוֹ יַיִן וְטַעֲמוֹ כְּטַעַם יַיִן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל מִשְׁרַת עֲנָבִים. וַאֲפִלּוּ הֶחֱמִיץ הַיַּיִן אוֹ דָּבָר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בּוֹ הַיַּיִן - הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר עָלָיו; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: חֹמֶץ יַיִן וְחֹמֶץ שֵׁכָר לֹא יִשְׁתֶּה.

For a Nazirite not to eat fresh grapes, as Numbers, op. cit.,states: “ He shall not eat fresh... grapes.”רגשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל עֲנָבִים לַחִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַעֲנָבִים לַחִים לֹא יֹאכֵל.

For a Nazirite not to eat raisins, as Numbers, op. cit.,states: “ He shall not eat... dried grapes.”רדשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל עֲנָבִים יְבֵשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וִיבֵשִׁים לֹא יֹאכֵל.

For a Nazirite not to eat grape seeds, as Numbers 6:4 states: “He shall not eat anything from wine grapes from its seeds....”רהשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל חַרְצַנִּים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְגוֹ׳ לֹא יֹאכֵל.

For a Nazirite not to eat grape peels, as Numbers, op. cit.,continues: “He shall not eat anything from wine grapes... to its peels.”רושֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זַגִּים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעַד זָג לֹא יֹאכֵל.

For a Nazirite not to become impure through contact with a dead body, as Numbers 6:7 states: “He may not become impure even for his father, his mother....”רזשֶׁלֹּא יִטַּמָּא הַנָּזִיר לְמֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְאָבִיו וּלְאִמּוֹ וְכוּ׳ לֹא יִטַּמָּא לָהֶם בְּמוֹתָם.

For a Nazirite not to enter below any roof beneath which a corpse is found, as Leviticus 21:11 states: “He shall not come into contact with any dead body.”רחשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עַל נֶפֶשׁ מֵת לֹא יָבֹא.

For a Nazirite not to shave, as Numbers 6:5 states: “A razor shall not pass upon his head.”רטשֶׁלֹּא יְגַלֵּחַ הַנָּזִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תַּעַר לֹא יַעֲבֹר עַל רֹאשׁוֹ.

Not to harvest one’s entire field, as Leviticus 23:22 states: “Do not completely harvest the ends of your fields.”רישֶׁלֹּא לִקְצֹר כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְכַלֶה פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ בְּקֻצְּרֶךָ.

Not to gather the individual stalks that fall in the harvest, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not gather the leket of your harvest.”ריאשֶׁלֹּא לִלְקֹט הַשִּׁבָּלִים הַנּוֹפְלוֹת בִּשְׁעַת קְצִירָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֶקֶט קְצִירְךָ לֹא תְלַקֵּט.

Not to harvest underdeveloped grape clusters, as Leviticus 19:10 states: “Do not pick the incompletely formed grape clusters in your vineyard.”ריבשֶׁלֹּא לִבְצֹר עוֹלְלוֹת הַכֶּרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל.

Not to gather individual fallen grapes, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not gather the individual fallen grapes in your vineyard.”ריגשֶׁלֹּא לְלַקֵּט פֶּרֶט הַכֶּרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּפֶרֶט כַּרְמְךָ לֹא תְלַקֵּט.

Not to take a sheaf which has been forgotten, as Deuteronomy 24:19 states: “Do not go back to take it.” This prohibition also applies to all trees, asop . cit ., 24:20 states: “Do not carefully re-harvest it.”רידשֶׁלֹּא לִיקַח עֹמֶר הַשִּׁכְחָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָשׁוּב לְקַחְתּוֹ. וְכֵן לְכָל הָאִילָנוֹת יֵשׁ שִׁכְחָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְפַאֵר אַחֲרֶיךָ.

Not to sow mixed species of seeds together, as Leviticus 19:19 states: “Do not sow different species of seed in your field.”רטושֶׁלֹּא לִזְרוֹעַ כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאָיִם.

Not to sow grain or vegetables in a vineyard, as Deuteronomy 22:9 states: “Do not plant different species in your vineyard.”רטזשֶׁלֹּא לִזְרוֹעַ תְּבוּאָה אוֹ יֶרֶק בְּכֶרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם.

Not to crossbreed different species of animals, as Leviticus 19:19 states: “Do not crossbreed your livestock with other species.”ריזשֶׁלֹּא לְהַרְבִּיעַ בְּהֵמָה מִין עִם שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַרְבִּיעַ כִּלְאַיִם.

Not to work with two different species of animals together, as Deuteronomy 22:10 states: “Do not plow with an ox and a donkey together.”ריחשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בִּשְׁנֵי מִינֵי בְּהֵמָה כְּאֶחָד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַחֲרשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וּבַחֲמוֹר יַחְדָּו.

Not to muzzle an ox while it is working with produce from which it would eat and derive benefit, as Deuteronomy 25:4 states: “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading grain.”ריטשֶׁלֹּא לַחְסֹם בְּהֵמָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה בְּדָבָר שֶׁאוֹכֶלֶת מִמֶּנּוּ וְנֶהֱנֵית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַחְסֹם שׁוֹר בְּדִישׁוֹ.

Not to cultivate the land in the seventh year, as Leviticus 25:4 states: “Do not sow your field.”רכשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד אֲדָמָה בַּשְּׁבִיעִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרָע.

Not to cultivate trees in the seventh year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “Do not prune your vineyard.”רכאשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד אִילָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תִזְמֹר.

Not to reap crops that grow on their own in the seventh year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus 25:5 states: “Do not reap the crops of your harvest that grow on their own.”רכבשֶׁלֹּא לִקְצֹר סְפִיחֵי שְׁבִיעִית כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁקּוֹצְרִין בִּשְׁאַר הַשָּׁנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵת סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ לֹא תִקְצֹר.

Not to reap fruit that grows on trees in the seventh year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not gather the grapes of your vines from which you must abstain.”רכגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱסֹף פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאוֹסְפִין בְּכָל שָׁנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת עִנְבֵי נְזִירֶיךָ לֹא תִבְצֹר.

Not to do agricultural work—whether with land or trees—in the Jubilee year, as Leviticus 25:11 states: “Do not sow....”רכדשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד בִּשְׁנַת יוֹבֵל בֵּין אֲדָמָה בֵּין אִילָן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ: לֹא תִזְרָעוּ.

Not to reap crops that grow on their own in the Jubilee year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not harvest the crops which grow on their own.”רכהשֶׁלֹּא לִקְצֹר סְפִיחֵי יוֹבֵל כִּשְׁאָר הַשָּׁנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: לֹא תִקְצְרוּ אֶת סְפִיחֶיהָ.

Not to reap the fruit of the Jubilee year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not gather the grapes of your vines from which you must abstain.”רכושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱסֹף פֵּרוֹת יוֹבֵל כַּאֲסִיפַת שְׁאַר הַשָּׁנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: וְלֹא תִבְצְרוּ אֶת נְזִירֶיהָ.

Not to sell a field in Eretz Yisrael in perpetuity, as Leviticus 25:23 states: “Do not make a permanent sale of the land.”רכזשֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר שָׂדֶה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִצְמִיתוּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהָאָרֶץ לֹא תִמָּכֵר לִצְמִיתוּת.

Not to change the purpose of the open areas and fields granted to the Levites, as Leviticus 25:34 states: “The fields of the open areas surrounding their cities shall not be sold.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that this verse is a prohibition against changing the purpose for which these lands are used.רכחשֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁנּוֹת מִגְרְשֵׁי הַלְּוִיִם וּשְׂדוֹתֵיהֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּשֲׂדֵה מִגְרַשׁ עָרֵיהֶם לֹא יִמָּכֵר, מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ - שֶׁזּוֹ אַזְהָרָה שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתַּנֶּה.

Not to forsake the Levites, as Deuteronomy 12:191 states: “Be very careful not to abandon the Levite.” Rather, we must give them the portions they are due and rejoice with them on each of the festivals.רכטשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲזֹב הַלְּוִיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תַּעֲזֹב אֶת הַלֵּוִי. אֶלָּא נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם מַתְּנוֹתֵיהֶם וּמְשַׂמְחִין אוֹתָן בָּהֶן בְּכָל רֶגֶל וָרֶגֶל.

Not to demand the repayment of a loan after the seventh year has passed, as Deuteronomy 15:2 states: “Do not demand payment from your fellow man.”רלשֶׁלֹּא יִתְבַּע הַלְוָאָה שֶׁעָבְרָה עָלֶיהָ שְׁבִיעִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִגֹּשׂ אֶת רֵעֵהוּ וְאֶת אָחִיו.

Not to withhold lending money to a poor person because of the advent of the shemitah year, as Deuteronomy 15:9 states “Be careful, lest an idea... occur to you.... ” This is an accepted general principle: Whenever the Torah uses the expressions “Be careful,” “Lest,” or “Do not,” a negative commandment is involved.רלאשֶׁלֹּא יִמָּנַע מִלְּהַלְווֹת לֶעָנִי מִפְּנֵי הַשְׁמִטָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן יִהְיֶה דָּבָר וְכוּ׳, זֶה הַכְּלָל: כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״הִשָּׁמֶר״ אוֹ ״פֶּן״ אוֹ ״אַל״ - אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

Not to withhold lending money to a poor person or providing him with his needs, as Deuteronomy 15:7 states: “Do not harden your heart.” Thus, a person who gives charity fulfills a positive commandment, while one who spurns the opportunity to give not only fails to perform a positive commandment, but also transgresses a negative commandment.רלבשֶׁלֹּא לְהִמָּנַע מִלְּהַחֲיוֹת לֶעָנִי וּמִלִתֵּן לוֹ מַה שֶּׁהוּא צָרִיךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְאַמֵּץ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְכוּ׳. נִמְצָא: הַנּוֹתֵן צְדָקָה עוֹשֶׂה מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה; וְהַמַּעֲלִים עֵינָיו מִן הַצְּדָקָה - יֶתֶר עַל שֶׁבִּטֵּל עֲשֵׂה עָבַר עַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

Not to send away a Hebrew servant empty-handed when he goes free, as Deuteronomy 15:13 states: “Do not send him away empty-handed.”רלגשֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁלֵּחַ עֶבֶד עִבְרִי רֵיקָם כְּשֶׁיֵּצֵא חָפְשִׁי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְשַׁלְחֶנוּ רֵיקָם.

Not to demand payment of a debt from a poor person when one knows that he is impoverished, nor to cause him grief, as Exodus 22:24 states: “Do not behave like a creditor towards him.”רלדשֶׁלֹּא יִתְבַּע הֶעָנִי בְּחוֹבוֹ כְּשֶׁיֵּדַע שֶׁהוּא עָנִי, וְלֹא יֵצַר לוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִהְיֶה לוֹ כְּנוֹשֶׁה.

Not to lend at interest to a Jew, as Leviticus 25:37 states: “Do not lend him your money at interest.”רלהשֶׁלֹּא לְהַלְווֹת בְּרִבִּית לְיִשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶת כַּסְפְּךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לוֹ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ וּבְמַרְבִּית.

Not to borrow with interest, as inferred from Deuteronomy 23:20, which states: “Do not take interest from your brother.” According to the oral tradition, this verse is interpreted as a prohibition, forbidding a borrower from paying interest to a lender.רלושֶׁלֹּא לִלְוֹת בְּרִבִּית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַשִׁיךְ לְאָחִיךָ, כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁזּוֹ אַזְהָרָה לַלּוֶֹה שֶׁלֹּא יִנְשֹׁךְ לַמַּלְוֶה.

Not to intermediate between the borrower and lender when interest is involved, nor to act as a guarantor or a witness to such a loan, nor to draw up a contract for it, as Exodus 22:24 states: “Do not charge him interest.”רלזשֶׁלֹּא לְהָשִׁית יָד בֵּין לוֶֹה וּמַלְוֶה בְּרִבִּית; לֹא לִהְיוֹת עָרֵב וְלֹא עֵד וְלֹא לִכְתֹּב שְׁטָר בֵּינֵיהֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְשִׂימוּן עָלָיו נֶשֶׁךְ.

Not to delay payment of a worker, as Leviticus 19:13 states: “Do not hold back a worker’s wages overnight.”רלחשֶׁלֹּא לְאַחֵר פְּעֻלַּת שָׂכִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָלִין פְּעֻלַּת שָׂכִיר וְכוּ׳.

Not to take security from a debtor by force, as Deuteronomy 24:10 states: “Do not enter his home to take security.”רלטשֶׁלֹּא יְמַשְׁכֵּן בַּעַל חוֹב בִּזְּרוֹעַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָבֹא אֶל בֵּיתוֹ לַעֲבֹט עֲבוֹטוֹ.

Not to withhold the return of security to its owner when he needs it, as Deuteronomy 24:12 states: “Do not lie down to sleep with his security”—i.e., do not lie down while holding his security. Instead, return it to him at night when he needs it at night.רמשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוֹעַ הָעֲבוֹט מִבְּעָלָיו הֶעָנִי בְּעֵת שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשְׁכַּב בַּעֲבוֹטוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר לֹא תִשְׁכַּב וַעֲבוֹטוֹ עִמְּךָ; אֶלָּא תְּשִׁיבֶנוּ לוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה הוֹאִיל וְהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה.

Not to take security from a widow, as Deuteronomy 24:17 states: “Do not take a widow’s garment as security.”רמאשֶׁלֹּא לְמַשְׁכֵּן הָאַלְמָנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תַחֲבוֹל בֶּגֶד אַלְמָנָה.

Not to take utensils used in the preparation of food, as Deuteronomy 24:6 states: “Do not take either the upper or lower millstone as a pledge.”רמבשֶׁלֹּא לַחֲבֹל כֵּלִים שֶׁעוֹשִׁין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַחֲבֹל רֵחַיִם וָרָכֶב.

Not to kidnap a Jewish person, as Exodus 20:13 states: “Do not steal.” This refers to kidnapping.רמגשֶׁלֹּא לִגְנֹב נֶפֶשׁ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִגְנֹב - זֶה גּוֹנֵב נֶפֶשׁ.

Not to steal, as Leviticus 19:11 states: “Do not steal.” This refers to stealing money.רמדשֶׁלֹּא לִגְנֹב מָמוֹן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִּגְנוֹבוּ - זוֹ הִיא גְּנֵבַת מָמוֹן.

Footnotes

The plural terumot includes bikkurim (the first fruits), challah (the dough offering), and terumat ma'aser (the tenth of the tithe separated by the Levites), as well as the terumah gedolah.

A gezerah shavah is one of the thirteen principles of Biblical exegesis in which an association is drawn between two verses based on a common word.

A chalalah is a woman who engaged in sexual relations with a priest when she was forbidden to do so, or a woman who was conceived from such relations ( Hilchot Issurei Bi'ah 19:1 ).

Rambam - 1 Chapter a Day

Negative Commandments: Part 2

Negative Commandments: Part 2

Quiz Yourself on the Negative Commandments - Part 2