Negative Commandments

1. The first mitzvah of the negative commandments is not to consider the thought that there is another divinity aside from God, as Exodus 20:13 states: “You shall have no other gods before Me.”אמִצְוָה רִאשׁוֹנָה מִמִּצְווֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה; שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲלוֹת בַּמַּחֲשָׁבָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם אֱלוֹהַּ זוּלָתִי ה׳ ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים עַל פָּנַי.

2. Not to make an idol—not to make one oneself or have one made for oneself by others—as Exodus 20:4 states: “Do not make an idol for yourselves.”בשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת פֶּסֶל, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה בְּיָדוֹ וְלֹא יַעֲשׂוּ לוֹ אֲחֵרִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל וְכָל תְּמוּנָה.

3. Not to make false gods even for others, as Leviticus 19:4 states: “Do not make molten gods for yourselves.”גשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וַאֲפִלּוּ לַאֲחֵרִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וֵאלֹהֵי מַסֵּכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ לָכֶם.

4. Not to make images for decoration, even when one does not worship them, as Exodus 20:20 states: “Do not make a representation of anything that is with Me.”דשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת צוּרוֹת לְנוֹי וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עוֹבְדִין אוֹתָן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן אִתִּי וְכוּ׳.

5. Not to bow down to any false gods, even though they are not generally worshiped by bowing down before them, as Exodus 20:13 states: “Do not bow down to them.”השֶׁלֹּא לְהִשְׁתַּחֲווֹת לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ בְּהִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לָהֶם.

6. Not to worship false gods with the types of service with which it is customary to worship them, as Exodus 20:3 states: “Do not serve them.”ושֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בַּדְּבָרִים שֶׁדַּרְכָּהּ לְהֵעָבֵד בָּהֶן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָעָבְדֵם.

7. Not to offer one’s son to Molech, as Leviticus 18:21 states: “Do not give any of your children to offer to Molech.” זשֶׁלֹּא לְהַעֲבִיר לַמֹּלֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמִזַּרְעֲךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לְהַעֲבִיר לַמֹּלֶךְ.

8. Not to perform the deeds associated with an ov, as Leviticus 19:31 states: “Do not turn to the ovot.” חשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מַעֲשֶׂה אוֹב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תִּפְנוּ אֶל הָאוֹבוֹת.

9. Not to perform the deeds associated with a yid’oni, as Leviticus 19:31 states: “Do not turn to... the yid’onim.” טשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מַעֲשֶׂה יִדְעוֹנִי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶל הַיִּדְּעוֹנִים וְכוּ׳.

10. Not to take interest in the worship of false gods, as Leviticus 19:4 states: “Do not turn to false gods.”ישֶׁלֹּא לִפְנוֹת אַחַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תִּפְנוּ אֶל הָאֱלִילִים.

11. Not to erect a pillar for purposes of worship, as Deuteronomy 16:22 states: “Do not erect a pillar for yourselves.”יאשֶׁלֹּא לְהָקִים מַצֵּבָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָקִים לְךָ מַצֵּבָה.

12. Not to make hewn stones upon which to prostrate oneself, as Leviticus 26:1 states: “You shall not place hewn stones....”יבשֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית לֹא תִתְּנוּ בְּאַרְצְכֶם.

13. Not to plant a tree on the Temple premises, as Deuteronomy 16:21 states: “Do not plant an asherah or any other tree....”יגשֶׁלֹּא לִטַּע אִילָן בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִטַּע לְךָ אֲשֵׁרָה כָּל עֵץ וְכוּ׳.

14. Not to take an oath on a false god as requested by one of its worshipers, nor to have one of them take an oath on their false god, as Exodus 23:13 states: “And the name of other gods you shall not mention, nor should it be heard from your mouth.”ידשֶׁלֹּא לִשָּׁבַע בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה לְעוֹבְדֶיהָ, וְלֹא מַשְׁבִּיעִין אוֹתָן בָּהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשֵׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים לֹא תַזְכִּירוּ.

15. Not to act as a missionary madiach to persuade the Jews to worship false gods, as Exodus 23:13 states: “And the name of other gods... shall not be heard from your mouth.” Our Sages taught that this is a prohibition against acting as a missionary for the worship of false gods.טושֶׁלֹּא לְהַדִּיחַ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִשָּׁמַע עַל פִּיךָ - זוֹ אַזְהָרָה לַמַּדִּיחַ.

16. Not to act as a missionarymesitto persuade an individual Jew to worship false gods, as Deuteronomy 13:12 states with regard to such missionaries: “And they shall not continue to do so.”טזשֶׁלֹּא לְהָסִית אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל אַחַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּמֵּסִית: וְלֹא יוֹסִיפוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת כַּדָּבָר הָרָע וְגוֹ׳.

17. Not to show affection for a mesit, as Deuteronomy 13:9 states: “Do not show appreciation for him.”יזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱהֹב הַמֵּסִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאבֶה לוֹ.

18. Not to reduce one’s hatred for a mesit, as Deuteronomy 13:9 states: “Do not listen to him.”יחשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲזֹב הַשִּׂנְאָה לַמֵּסִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִשְׁמַע אֵלָיו.

19. Not to try to save a mesit, but rather to see to it that he is executed, as Deuteronomy 13:9 states: “Do not have mercy upon him.”יטשֶׁלֹּא לְהַצִּיל הַמֵּסִית אֶלָּא עוֹמֵד עַל דָּמוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָחוֹס עֵינְךָ עָלָיו.

20. For the person whom a mesit tried to convince not to advance any arguments on behalf of the mesit, as Deuteronomy 13:9 states: “Do not have pity... upon him.”כשֶׁלֹּא יְלַמֵּד הַמּוּסָת זְכוּת עַל הַמֵּסִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תַחְמֹל.

21. For the person whom a mesit tried to convince not to withhold any evidence he is aware of that would incriminate the mesit, as Deuteronomy 13:9 states: “And do not try to cover up for him.”כאשֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתֹּק הַמּוּסָת מִלְּלַמֵּד חוֹבָה עַל הַמֵּסִית אִם יָדַע לוֹ חוֹבָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְכַסֶּה עָלָיו.

22. Not to benefit from ornaments that have adorned false gods, as Deuteronomy 7:25 states: “Do not covet the gold or silver which is upon them....”כבשֶׁלֹּא לֵהָנוֹת בְּצִפּוּיֵי נֶעֱבַד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַחְמֹד כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב עֲלֵיהֶם.

23. Not to rebuild an apostate city to its former stature, as Deuteronomy 13:17 states: “It shall never be rebuilt.”כגשֶׁלֹּא לִבְנוֹת עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת לִכְּמוֹת שֶׁהָיְתָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִבָּנֶה עוֹד.

24. Not to benefit from the property of an apostate city, as Deuteronomy 13:18 states: “Let nothing that has been condemned cling to your hand.”כדשֶׁלֹּא לֵהָנוֹת בְּמָמוֹן עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִדְבַּק בְּיָדְךָ מְאוּמָה וְכוּ׳.

25. Not to benefit from false gods, from any of their accessories, anything offered to them, or any wine brought as a libation for them, as Deuteronomy 7:26 states: “Do not bring an abomination into your house.”כהשֶׁלֹּא לֵהָנוֹת בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּבְכָל מְשַׁמְשֶׁיהָ וּבַתִּקְרֹבֶת שֶׁלָּהּ וּבְיַיִּן שֶׁנִּתְנַסֵּךְ לָהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָבִיא תוֹעֵבָה אֶל בֵּיתֶךָ.

26. Not to prophesy in the name of false gods, as Deuteronomy 18:20 states: “ The prophet... who speaks in the name of other gods shall die.”כושֶׁלֹּא לְהִתְנַבֵּא בִּשְׁמָהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַאֲשֶׁר יְדַבֵּר בְּשֵׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים וְגוֹ׳.

27. Not to relate false prophecies, as Deuteronomy 18:20 states: “When a prophet presumptuously makes a declaration in My name which I have not commanded him....”כזשֶׁלֹּא לְהִתְנַבֵּא בְּשֶׁקֶר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר יָזִיד לְדַבֵּר דָּבָר בִּשְׁמִי אֵת אֲשֶׁר לֹא צִוִּיתִיו.

28. Not to listen to someone who prophesies in the name of false gods, as Deuteronomy 13:4 states: “Do not listen to the words of that prophet.”כחשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמֹעַ לְמִתְנַבֵּא בְּשֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשְׁמַע אֶל דִּבְרֵי הַנָּבִיא.

29. Not to refrain from executing a false prophet, nor to fear him, as Deuteronomy 18:22 states: “Do not fear him.”כטשֶׁלֹּא נִמָּנַע מֵהֲרִיגַת נְבִיא הַשֶּׁקֶר וְלֹא נִירָא מִמֶּנּוּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָגוּר מִמֶּנּוּ.

30. Not to follow the laws or customs of the worshipers of false gods, as Leviticus 20:23 states: “Do not follow the practices of the nation that I am driving out before you....”לשֶׁלֹּא לָלֶכֶת בְּחֻקּוֹת עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְלֹא בְּמִנְהַגוֹתָם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תֵלְכוּ בְּחֻקּוֹת הַגּוֹי.

31. Not to practice black magic, as Deuteronomy 18:10 states: “There shall not be found among you... a magician.”לאשֶׁלֹּא לִקְסֹם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְךָ וְגוֹ׳ קוֹסֵם קְסָמִים.

32. Not to practice divination, as Leviticus 19:26 states: “Do not practice divination.”לבשֶׁלֹּא לְעוֹנֵן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְעוֹנֵנוּ.

33. Not to act as a soothsayer, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not act as a soothsayer.”לגשֶׁלֹּא לְנַחֵשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְנַחֲשׁוּ.

34. Not to practice sorcery, as Deuteronomy 18:10 states: “There shall not be found among you... a sorcerer.”לדשֶׁלֹּא לְכַשֵּׁף; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּךָ וְגוֹ׳ עַד וּמְכַשֵּׁף.

35. Not to cast spells, as Deuteronomy 18:11 states: “ There shall not be found among you... one who casts spells.”להשֶׁלֹּא לַחְבֹּר חֶבֶר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְחוֹבֵר חָבֶר.

36. Not to consult an ov, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “ There shall not be found among you... one who consults an ov. ”לושֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁאֹל בָּאוֹב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשׁוֹאֵל אוֹב.

37. Not to consult a yid’oni, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “ There shall not be found among you... one who consults an ov or a yid’oni.” לזשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁאֹל בַּיִּדְּעוֹנִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשׁוֹאֵל אוֹב וְיִדְעוֹנִי.

38. Not to seek information from the dead in dreams, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “ There shall not be found among you... one who attempts to communicate with the dead.”לחשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁאֹל בַּחֲלוֹם מִן הַמֵּתִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְדוֹרֵשׁ אֶל הַמֵּתִים.

39. For a woman not to wear articles appropriate for men, as Deuteronomy 22:5 states: “A woman should not wear a man’s clothing.”לטשֶׁלֹּא תַעֲדֶה אִשָּׁה עֶדִי אִישׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִהְיֶה כְלִי גֶּבֶר עַל אִשָּׁה.

40. For a man not to wear articles appropriate for women, as Deuteronomy 22:5 states: “A man should not wear a woman’s clothing.” This prohibition was instituted because this is an idolatrous custom. Explicit statements to this effect are found in the texts describing their worship.משֶׁלֹּא יַעֲדֶה הָאִישׁ עֶדִי אִשָּׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִלְבַּשׁ גֶּבֶר שִׂמְלַת אִשָּׁה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁזֶּה הָיָה מִנְהָג עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְכֵן מְפֹרָשׁ בְּסִפְרֵי עֲבוֹדָתָהּ.

41. Not to tattoo our bodies like the worshipers of false gods, as Leviticus 19:28 states: “Do not tattoo your flesh.”מאשֶׁלֹּא לִכְתֹּב בַּגּוּף כְּעוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּכְתֹבֶת קַעֲקַע לֹא תִתְּנוּ בָּכֶם.

42. Not to wear sha’atnez, as do the priests of false gods, as Deuteronomy 22:11 states: “Do not wear sha’atnez.” מבשֶׁלֹּא לִלְבּוֹשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז כְּמוֹ שֶׁלּוֹבְשִׁין כּוֹמְרֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִלְבַּשׁ שַׁעַטְנֵז.

43. Not to shave the temples of our heads, as do the worshipers of false gods, as Leviticus 19:27 states: “Do not shave your temples.”מגשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקִּיף פְּאַת רֹאשׁ כְּכוֹמְרֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַקִּיפוּ פְּאַת רֹאשְׁכֶם.

44. Not to shave off our beards entirely, as do the priests of false gods, as Leviticus 19:27 states: “Do not shave the corners of your beard.”מדשֶׁלֹּא לְהַשְׁחִית כָּל הַזָּקָן כְּעוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תַשְׁחִית אֵת פְּאַת זְקָנֶךָ.

45. Not to make cuts in our flesh, as the worshipers of false gods do, as Deuteronomy 14:1 states: “Do not cut yourselves.” Gedidah is another term for cutting.מהשֶׁלֹּא לְהִתְגּוֹדֵד כְּעוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִתְגוֹדְדוּ, וּגְדִידָה וּשְׂרִיטָה אַחַת הִיא.

46. Never to dwell in the land of Egypt, as Deuteronomy 17:16 states: “Do not ever return on this path again.”מושֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁכֹּן בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְעוֹלָם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוֹסִיפוּן לָשׁוּב וְכוּ׳.

47. Not to stray after the thoughts of one’s heart or the sights one’s eyes behold, as Numbers 15:39 states: “Do not stray after your heart and eyes.”מזשֶׁלֹּא לָתוּר אַחַר מַחְשְׁבוֹת הַלֵּב וּרְאִיַּת הָעֵינַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָתוּרוּ אַחֲרֵי לְבַבְכֶם.

48. Not to establish a covenant with the seven Canaanite nations, as Deuteronomy 7:2 states: “Do not establish a covenant with them.”מחשֶׁלֹּא לִכְרוֹת בְּרִית לְשִׁבְעָה עַמְּמִין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִכְרֹת לָהֶם בְּרִית.

49. Not to allow a single member of the seven Canaanite nations to live, as Deuteronomy 20:16 states: “Do not allow a soul to live.”מטשֶׁלֹּא לְהַחֲיוֹת אָדָם מִשִּׁבְעָה עַמְּמִין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְחַיֶה כָּל נְשָׁמָה.

50. Not to show favor to the worshipers of false gods, as Deuteronomy 7:2 states: “Do not show them favor.”נשֶׁלֹּא לָחֹן עַל עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְחָנֵם.

51. Not to allow the worshipers of false gods to settle in our land, as Exodus 23:33 states: “They shall not settle in your land.”נאשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹשִׁיב עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּאַרְצֵנוּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֵשְׁבוּ בְּאַרְצְךָ.

52. Not to marry gentiles, as Deuteronomy 7:3 states: “Do not marry among them.”נבשֶׁלֹּא לְהִתְחַתֵּן בְּעוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִתְחַתֵּן בָּם.

53. For a Jewish woman never to marry an Ammonite or Moabite even after conversion, as Deuteronomy 23:4 states: “An Ammonite or a Moabite shall never enter the congregation of God.”נגשֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׂא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעוֹלָם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי וְכוּ׳.

54. Not to prevent the third generation of converts from the descendants of Esau from marrying among the Jewish people, as Deuteronomy 23:8 states: “Do not utterly despise an Edomite.”נדשֶׁלֹּא לְהַרְחִיק זֶרַע עֵשָׂו מִן הַקָּהָל אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלשָׁה דּוֹרוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְתַעֵב אַדוֹמִי.

55. Not to prevent the third generation of Egyptian converts from marrying among the Jewish people, as Deuteronomy 23:8 states: “Do not utterly despise an Egyptian.”נהשֶׁלֹּא לְהַרְחִיק מִצְרִי מִלָּבוֹא בַּקָּהָל אֶלָּא עַד שְׁלשָׁה דּוֹרוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְתַעֵב מִצְרִי.

56. Not to make an offer of peace to Ammon and Moav at the outbreak of war, as is done for other nations, as Deuteronomy 23:7 states: “Do not seek their peace and welfare....”נושֶׁלֹּא לִקְרֹא שָׁלוֹם לְעַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב בִּתְחִלָּה בִּשְׁעַת הַמִּלְחָמָה כִּשְׁאָר הַגּוֹיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִדְרשׁ שְׁלוֹמָם וְטוֹבָתָם.

57. Not to destroy fruit trees nor to destroy anything else of value, as Deuteronomy 20:19 states: “Do not destroy its trees.”נזשֶׁלֹּא לְהַשְׁחִית אִילָנֵי מַאֲכָל וְכֵן כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ הַשְׁחָתָה אָסוּר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַשְׁחִית אֶת עֵצָהּ.

58. For soldiers not to fear or become frightened of the enemy during war, as Deuteronomy 7:21 states: “Do not panic before them,” and Deuteronomy 3:22 states: “Do not fear them.”נחשֶׁלֹּא יִירְאוּ אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה וְלֹא יִפְחֲדוּ מִן אוֹיְבֵיהֶם בִּשְׁעַת מִלְחָמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲרֹץ מִפְּנֵיהֶם, לֹא תִּירְאוּם.

59. Not to forget the wicked deeds which Amalek perpetrated against us, as Deuteronomy 25:19 states: “Do not forget.”נטשֶׁלֹּא נָסִיר מִלִּבֵּנוּ מַעֲשֵׂה עֲמָלֵק הָרַע שֶׁעָשָׂה לָנוּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִּשְׁכָּח.

60. The prohibition against blessing i.e., cursing God’s name, as Exodus 22:27 states: “Do not curse God.” Leviticus 27:16 mentions the punishment: “One who curses the name of God shall surely die.” This is a general principle: A negative commandment is involved whenever the Torah mentions the punishments of karet or execution—with the exception of circumcision and the Paschal sacrifice which are positive commandments punishable by karet. סשֶׁאָנוּ מֻזְהָרִין עַל בִּרְכַּת הַשֵּׁם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״אֱלֹהִים לֹא תְקַלֵּל״, וְנֶאֱמַר בָּעֹנֶשׁ ״וְנֹקֵב שֵׁם יְיָ מוֹת יוּמָת״; וְזֶה הַכְּלָל: כֹּל שֶׁעָנַשׁ עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כָּרֵת אוֹ מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין - הֲרֵי זוֹ מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה; חוּץ מִמִּילָה וּפֶסַח שֶׁהֵן בְּכָרֵת וְהֵן מִצְּוֹת עֲשֵׂה.

61. Not to violate an oath, as Leviticus 19:12 states: “Do not swear falsely in My name.”סאשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹר עַל שְׁבוּעַת בִּטּוּי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִשָׁבְעוּ בִשְׁמִי לַשָּׁקֶר.

62. Not to take an oath in vain, as Exodus 20:7 states: “Do not take the name of God, your Lord, in vain.”סבשֶׁלֹּא לִשָּׁבַע לַשָּׁוְא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשָּׂא אֶת שֵׁם יְיָ אֱלֹהֶיךָ לַשָּׁוְא.

63. Not to profane the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, as Leviticus 22:32 states: “Do not profane My holy name.”סגשֶׁלֹּא לְחַלֵּל אֶת שֵׁם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ אֶת שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי.

64. Not to test the promises of God, as Deuteronomy 6:15 states: “Do not test God, your Lord.”סדשֶׁלֹּא לְנַסּוֹת אֶת דְּבַר ה׳; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְנַסּוּ אֶת יְיָ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם.

65. Not to destroy the Temple, synagogues, or houses of study; and similarly, not to erase any of God’s sacred names, nor to destroy any sacred texts, as Deuteronomy 12:3-4 states: “You shall surely destroy them. Do not do this to God, your Lord.”סהשֶׁלֹּא לְאַבֵּד בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ אוֹ בָּתֵּי כְּנֵסִיּוֹת וּבָתֵּי מִדְרָשׁוֹת; וְכֵן אֵין מוֹחֲקִין הַשֵּׁמוֹת הַמְּקֻדָּשִׁין וְאֵין מְאַבְּדִין אֶת כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַבֵּד תְּאַבְּדוּן וְכוּ׳ וַאֲשֵׁרֵיהֶם תִּשְׂרְפוּן לֹא תַעֲשׂוּן כֵּן לַיְיָ אֱלֹהֵיכֶם.

66. Not to leave a corpse that was hung on the gallows, as Deuteronomy 21:23 states: “Do not leave his body on the gallows.”סושֶׁלֹּא יָלִין הַצָּלוּב עַל הָעֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָלִין נִבְלָתוֹ עַל הָעֵץ.

67. Not to interrupt the watch held around the Temple, as Leviticus 18:30 states: “And you shall keep My watch.”סזשֶׁלֹּא לְהַשְׁבִּית שְׁמִירָה סָבִיב לַמִּקְדָּשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת מִשְׁמֶרֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ.

68. For a priest not to enter the Temple building at all times, as Leviticus 16:2 states: “And he shall not enter the sanctuary at all times.”סחשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן לַהֵיכָל בְּכָל עֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאַל יָבֹא בְכָל עֵת אֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ.

69. For a priest with a disqualifying physical deformity not to proceed beyond the beginning of the altar, as Leviticus 21:23 states: “However, to the parochet, 1 he shall not approach.”סטשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס בַּעַל מוּם מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלִפְנִים לַהֵיכָל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַךְ אֶל הַפָּרֹכֶת לֹא יָבֹא.

70. For a priest with a disqualifying physical deformity not to serve in the Temple, as Leviticus 21:17 states: “ Anyone... who has a blemish may not approach to present....”עשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבֹד בַּעַל מוּם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בוֹ מוּם לֹא יִקְרַב.

71. For a priest with a disqualifying physical deformity of a temporary nature not to serve in the Temple, as Leviticus 21:18 states: “Anyone who has a blemish may not approach to offer a sacrifice.”עאשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבֹד בַּעַל מוּם עוֹבֵר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ מוּם לֹא יִקְרַב.

72. For the Levites not to perform the services of the priests, and for the priests not to perform the services of the Levites, as Numbers 18:3 states with regard to the Levites: “Neither to the sacred vessels nor to the altar shall they approach, so that they do not die, neither they nor you.”עבשֶׁלֹּא יִתְעַסְּקוּ הַלְּוִיִם בַּעֲבוֹדַת הַכֹּהֲנִים וְלֹא כֹּהֲנִים בַּעֲבוֹדַת הַלְּוִיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַךְ אֶל כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֹא יִקְרָבוּ וְלֹא יָמוּתוּ גַּם הֵם גַּם אַתֶּם.

73. For a person who is intoxicated not to enter the Temple nor to render a halachic decision, as Leviticus 10:9 states: “Do not drink wine or strong drink when you enter the Tent of Testimony,” andop. cit., 10:11 states: “or when you render a decision for the children of Israel.”עגשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס לַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְלֹא יוֹרֶה בַּתּוֹרָה שְׁתוּי יַיִן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יַיִן וְשֵׁכָר אַל תֵּשְׁתְּ בְּבוֹאֲכֶם וְכוּ׳ וּלְהוֹרוֹת אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.

74. For a non-priest not to serve in the Temple, as Numbers 18:4 states: “An unauthorized person shall not approach them.”עדשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבֹד הַזָּר בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמָר וְזָר לֹא יִקְרַב אֲלֵיכֶם.

75. For a priest who is ritually impure not to serve in the Temple, as Leviticus 22:2 states: “And they shall separate themselves from the sacred offerings of the children of Israel.”עהשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבֹד כֹּהֵן טָמֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְיִנָזְרוּ מִקָּדְשֵׁי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְכוּ׳.

76. For a priest who has immersed himself in a mikveh in order to purify himself from ritual impurity not to serve in the Temple until the conclusion of that day, as Leviticus 21:6 states: “And they shall not profane....”עושֶׁלֹּא יַעֲבֹד כֹּהֵן טְבוּל יוֹם עַד שֶׁיַּעֲרִיב שִׁמְשׁוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יְחַלְּלוּ שֵׁם אֱלֹהֵיהֶם.

77. For a priest who is ritually impure not to enter the Temple courtyard, as Numbers 5:3 states: “And they shall not make your camp impure.” This refers to the camp of the Divine Presence.עזשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס טָמֵא לַעֲזָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יְטַמְּאוּ אֶת מַחֲנֵיהֶם, זֶה מַחֲנֵה שְׁכִינָה.

78. For a person who is impure not to enter the camp of the Levites, the parallel for all time being the Temple Mount, as Deuteronomy 23:11 states: “Do not enter the camp.” This refers to the camp of the Levites.עחשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס טָמֵא לְמַחֲנֵה לְוִיָה, שֶׁכְּנֶגְדּוֹ לְדוֹרוֹת: הַר הַבַּיִת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָבֹא אֶל תּוֹךְ הַמַּחֲנֶה, זֶה מַחֲנֵה לְוִיָה.

79. Not to build the altar with hewn stones, as Exodus 20:25 states: “Do not make them hewn.”עטשֶׁלֹּא לִבְנוֹת אַבְנֵי מִזְבֵּחַ גָּזִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִבְנֶה אֶתְהֶן גָּזִית.

80. Not to ascend to the altar using steps, as Exodus 20:23 states: “Do not ascend My altar with steps.”פשֶׁלֹּא לִפְסֹעַ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תַעֲלֶה בְמַעֲלוֹת עַל מִזְבְּחִי.

81. Not to offer any undesired incense offering or any sacrifices on the golden altar, as Exodus 30:9 states: “Do not offer any unauthorized incense upon it.”פאשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְטִיר וּלְהַקְרִיב בְּמִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲלוּ עָלָיו קְטֹרֶת זָרָה.

82. Not to extinguish the fire of the altar, as Leviticus 6:6 states: “Burn a continuous fire on the altar. Do not extinguish it.”פבשֶׁלֹּא לְכַבּוֹת אֵשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵשׁ תָּמִיד תּוּקַד עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֹא תִכְבֶּה.

83. Not to duplicate the composition of the anointing oil, as Exodus 30:32 states: “And do not duplicate its formula.”פגשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּמַתְכֹּנֶת שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְמַתְכֻּנְתּוֹ לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ לָכֶם.

84. Not to anoint an unauthorized person with the anointing oil, as Exodus 30:32 states: “Do not anoint the flesh of a person with it.”פדשֶׁלֹּא לָסוּךְ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה זָר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עַל בְּשַׂר אָדָם לֹא יִסָּךְ.

85. Not to duplicate the composition of the incense offering, as Exodus 30:37 states: “Do not duplicate its formula.”פהשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת בְּמַתְכֹּנֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְמַתְכֻּנְתָּהּ לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ לָכֶם.

86. Not to remove the staves of the ark, as Exodus 25:16 states: “They shall not be removed from it.”פושֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא בַּדֵּי הָאָרוֹן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָסוּרוּ מִמֶּנּוּ.

87. For the High Priest’s breastplate not to come loose from the ephod, as Exodus 28:28 states: “The breastplate shall not come loose from the ephod.”פזשֶׁלֹּא יִזַח הַחשֶׁן מֵעַל הָאֵפוֹד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִזַח הַחשֶׁן וְכוּ׳.

88. For the High Priest’s cloak not to tear, as Exodus 28:32 states: “It shall have a woven border around it. It shall not tear.”פחשֶׁלֹּא יִקָּרֵעַ הַמְּעִיל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כְּפִי תַחְרָא יִהְיֶה לוֹ לֹא יִקָּרֵע.

89. Not to offer sacred offerings outside the Temple, as Deuteronomy 12:13 states: “Be careful, lest you offer your burnt offerings....”פטשֶׁלֹּא לְהַעֲלוֹת קָדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תַּעֲלֶה עוֹלוֹתֶיךָ וְכוּ׳.

90. Not to slaughter sacred offerings outside the Temple, as Leviticus 17:3-4 states: “A person who slaughters an ox or a sheep without bringing it to the Tent of Testimony. He shall be punished by karet.” צשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁחֹט קָדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחַט שׁוֹר אוֹ כֶשֶׂב וְכוּ׳ וְאֶל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְכוּ׳ וְנִכְרַת.

91. Not to consecrate animals with disqualifying physical blemishes as sacrifices to be offered on the altar, as Leviticus 22:20 states: “Any animal which has a blemish shall not be sacrificed.” This prohibition involves the animal’s consecration.צאשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְדִּישׁ בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין לַמִּזְבֵּחַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כֹּל אֲשֶׁר בּוֹ מוּם לֹא תַקְרִיבוּ, זֶה הוּא אִסּוּר הֶקְדֵשׁוֹ.

92. Not to slaughter animals with disqualifying physical blemishes as sacrifices, as Leviticus 22:22 states: “Do not sacrifice these to God.”צבשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁחֹט בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין לְשֵׁם קָרְבָּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַקְרִיבוּ אֵלֶּה לַיְיָ.

93. Not to sprinkle the blood of animals with disqualifying physical blemishes on the altar, as Leviticus 22:24 states: “Do not sacrifice to God....” This prohibition involves sprinkling the animal’s blood.”צגשֶׁלֹּא לִזְרֹק דַּם בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין: לֹא תַקְרִיבוּ לַיְיָ, וְזֶה הוּא אִסוּר זְרִיקַת דָּמוֹ.

94. Not to burn the sacrificial portions of animals with disqualifying physical blemishes as sacrifices on the altar, as Leviticus 22:22 states: “Do not make a fire offering of them.”צדשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְטִיר אֵמוּרֵי בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאִשֶּׁה לֹא תִתְּנוּ מֵהֶם עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ.

95. Not to offer animals with disqualifying physical blemishes of a temporary nature as sacrifices, as Deuteronomy 17:1 states: “Do not sacrifice to God, your Lord, an ox or a sheep that has a blemish.” This refers to a blemish of a temporary nature.צהשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְרִיב בַּעַל מוּם עוֹבֵר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִזְבַּח לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ שׁוֹר וָשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה בוֹ מוּם, זֶה מוּם עוֹבֵר.

96. Not to offer an animal with a disqualifying physical blemish as a sacrifice when it was brought by gentiles, as Leviticus 22:25 states: “Do not offer sacrifices from these animals when they are given by gentiles.”צושֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְרִיב בַּעַל מוּם מִיַּד הַגּוֹיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמִיַּד בֶּן נֵכָר לֹא תַקְרִיבוּ.

97. Not to inflict a disqualifying physical blemish upon a consecrated animal, as Leviticus 22:21 states: “It shall not have a blemish.” This can be interpreted to mean: Do not inflict a blemish upon it.צזשֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן מוּם בַּקָּדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל מוּם לֹא יִהְיֶה בּוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר אַל תִּתֵּן בּוֹ מוּם.

98. Not to burn as an offering anything which is sweetened or leavened, as Leviticus 2:11 states: “You may not burn anything leavened or sweet as a fire offering.”צחשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְרִיב שְׂאוֹר אוֹ דְּבַשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי כָל שְׂאוֹר וְכָל דְּבַשׁ לֹא תַקְטִירוּ וְכוּ׳.

99. Not to offer a sacrifice which is unsalted, as Leviticus 2:13 states: “Do not omit the salt of God’s covenant.”צטשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְרִיב תָּפֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תַשְׁבִּית מֶלַח בְּרִית אֱלֹהֶיךָ.

100. Not to offer as a sacrifice an animal received by a prostitute as her fee, or an animal received in exchange for a dog, as Deuteronomy 23:19 states: “Do not bring a prostitute’s fee or the price of a dog....”קשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְרִיב אֶתְנַן וּמְחִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָבִיא אֶתְנַן זוֹנָה וּמְחִיר כֶּלֶב.

101. Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day, as Leviticus 22:25 states: “Do not slaughter it and its offspring on the same day.”קאשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁחֹט אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ לֹא תִשְׁחֲטוּ.

102. Not to place olive oil on the meal offering brought by a sinner, as Leviticus 5:11 states: “Do not place oil upon it.”קבשֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן זַיִת בְּמִנְחַת חוֹטֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָשִׂים עָלֶיהָ שֶׁמֶן.

103. Not to place frankincense on such a sacrifice, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not place frankincense upon it.”קגשֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן עָלֶיהָ לְבוֹנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִתֵּן עָלֶיהָ לְבוֹנָה.

104. Not to place oil on the meal offering brought by a sotah, as Numbers 5:15 states: “Do not pour oil upon it.”קדשֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן זַיִת בְּמִנְחַת סוֹטָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִצוֹק עָלָיו שֶׁמֶן.

105. Not to place frankincense on such a sacrifice, as Numbers, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not place frankincense upon it.”קהשֶׁלֹּא לִתֵּן עָלָיו לְבוֹנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִתֵּן עָלָיו לְבוֹנָה.

106. Not to substitute another animal for one selected as a sacred offering, as Leviticus 27:10 states: “Do not exchange it or substitute another for it.”קושֶׁלֹּא לְהָמִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַחֲלִיפֶנוּ וְלֹא יָמִיר אוֹתוֹ.

107. Not to change the designation of a consecrated animal from one sacrifice to another, as Leviticus 27:26 states regarding a firstling animal: “A person should not consecrate it”—i.e., he should not consecrate it as another sacrifice.קזשֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁנּוֹת הַקָּדָשִׁים מִקָּרְבָּן לְקָרְבָּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּבְּכוֹר: לֹא יַקְדִּישׁ אִישׁ אוֹתוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא יְקַדְּשֶׁנוּ לְקָרְבָּן אַחֵר.

108. Not to redeem a firstling kosher animal, as Numbers 18:17 states: “Nevertheless, a firstling ox... do not redeem.”קחשֶׁלֹּא לִפְדוֹת בְּכוֹר בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַךְ בְּכוֹר שׁוֹר וְכוּ׳ לֹא תִפְדֶּה.

109. Not to sell the tithe of cattle, as Leviticus 27:33 states: “It shall not be redeemed.”קטשֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר מַעֲשַׂר בְּהֵמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִגָּאֵל.

110. Not to sell a field that has been dedicated, as Leviticus 27:28 states: “It shall not be sold.”קישֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר שְׂדֵה הַחֵרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל חֵרֶם לֹא יִמָּכֵר.

111. Not to redeem a field that has been dedicated, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “It shall not be redeemed.”קיאשֶׁלֹּא לִפְדוֹת שְׂדֵה הַחֵרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יִגָּאֵל.

112. Not to sever the head of a bird brought as a sin offering, as Leviticus 5:8 states: “He shall pinch off its head... without separating it.”קיבשֶׁלֹּא יַבְדִּיל בְּחַטַּאת הָעוֹף; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמָלַק אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ מִמּוּל עָרְפּוֹ וְלֹא יַבְדִּיל.

113. Not to work with consecrated animals, as Deuteronomy 15:19 states: “Do not work with your firstling ox.”קיגשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד בַּקָּדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲבֹד בִּבְכוֹר שׁוֹרֶךָ.

114. Not to shear consecrated animals, as Deuteronomy 15:19 states: “Do not shear your firstling sheep.”קידשֶׁלֹּא לִגְזֹז אֶת הַקָּדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָגֹז בְּכוֹר צֹאנֶךָ.

115. Not to slaughter the Paschal sacrifice while one possesses chametz, as Exodus 23:18 states: “Do not sacrifice the blood of My offering in the presence of chametz.”קטושֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁחַט הַפֶּסַח וְהֶחָמֵץ קַיָּם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשְׁחַט עַל חָמֵץ דַּם זִבְחִי.

116. Not to allow the sacrificial portions of the Paschal sacrifice to become disqualified by remaining overnight, as Exodus 23:18 states: “Do not allow the fat of My festive offering to remain until the morning.”קטזשֶׁלֹּא לְהַנִּיחַ אֵימוּרֵי הַפֶּסַח עַד שֶׁיִּפָּסְלוּ בְּלִינָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יָלִין חֵלֶב חַגִּי עַד בֹּקֶר.

117. Not to allow the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to remain overnight, as Exodus 12:10 states: “Do not leave over any of it until the morning.”קיזשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹתִיר מִבְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוֹתִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד בֹּקֶר.

118. Not to allow the meat of the Chaggigah sacrifice to remain until the third day, as Deuteronomy 16:14 states: “Do not leave over any of the meat....” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that the verse refers to the Chaggigah sacrifice offered on the fourteenth of Nisan. The phrase “until the morning” in that verse refers to the morning of the second day of Pesach, the third day after the sacrifice was offered.קיחשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹתִיר מֵחֲגִיגַת אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר לַיּוֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יָלִין מִן הַבָּשָׂר, מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁבִּבְשַׂר חֲגִיגַת אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר; וְזֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לַבֹּקֶר״ - לְבָקְרוֹ שֶׁל יוֹם שֵׁנִי שֶׁל פֶּסַח, שֶׁהוּא שְׁלִישִׁי לַשְּׁחִיטָה.

119. Not to allow the meat of the second Paschal sacrifice to remain until the morning, as Numbers 9:12 states: “Do not leave over any of it until the morning.”קיטשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹתִיר מִבְּשַׂר פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי עַד בֹּקֶר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַשְׁאִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד בֹּקֶר.

120. Not to allow the meat of the thanksgiving offering to remain until the morning, as Leviticus 22:30 states: “Do not leave over any of it until the morning.” The same law applies to all other sacrifices. They should not be left over beyond the time allotted for their consumption.קכשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹתִיר מִבְּשַׂר הַתּוֹדָה עַד בֹּקֶר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תוֹתִירוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד בֹּקֶר. וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאַר הַקָּדָשִׁים, שֶׁאֵין מַנִּיחִין אוֹתָן לְאַחַר זְמַן אֲכִילָתָן.

121. Not to break any of the bones of the Paschal sacrifice, as Exodus 12:46 states: “Neither shall you break a bone of it.”קכאשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁבֹּר עֶצֶם בַּפֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעֶצֶם לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ בוֹ.

122. Not to break any of the bones of the second Paschal sacrifice, as Numbers 9:12 states: “Neither shall you break a bone of it.”קכבשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁבֹּר עֶצֶם בַּפֶּסַח שֵׁנִי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעֶצֶם לֹא תִשְׁבְּרוּ בוֹ.

123. Not to remove the meat of the Paschal sacrifice from the company in which it is being eaten, as Exodus 12:46 states: “Do not remove any of the meat from the house....”קכגשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא מִבְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח מִן הַחֲבוּרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוֹצִיא מִן הַבַּיִת וְכוּ׳.

124. Not to allow any of the remaining portions of the meal offerings to leaven, as Leviticus 6:10 states: “It shall not be baked as leaven. Their portion....”קכדשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת שִׁירֵי מְנָחוֹת חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֵאָפֶה חָמֵץ חֶלְקָם.

125. Not to eat the meat of the Paschal sacrifice raw or boiled in water, as Exodus 12:9 states: “Do not eat from it raw or boiled in water.”קכהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח נָא וּמְבֻשָּׁל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תֹּאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל.

126. Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to a resident alien, as Exodus 12:45 states: “No temporary resident or hired worker may eat from it.”קכושֶׁלֹּא לְהַאֲכִיל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח לְגֵר תּוֹשָׁב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תּוֹשָׁב וְשָׂכִיר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ.

127. Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to an uncircumcised male, as Exodus 12:48 states: “No uncircumcised person may eat of it.”קכזשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל הֶעָרֵל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל עָרֵל לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ.

128. Not to feed the meat of the Paschal sacrifice to an apostate Jew, as Exodus 12:43 states: “No outsider may eat from it.” This refers to a Jew who has become assimilated among the gentiles and serves false gods, as they do. He must not partake of the Paschal sacrifice.קכחשֶׁלֹּא לְהַאֲכִיל בְּשַׂר הַפֶּסַח לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל בֶּן נֵכָר לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּלְוָה לִבְנֵי נֵכָר וְעָבַד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כְּמוֹתָם, לֹא יֹאכַל בּוֹ.

129. For a person who became ritually impure not to partake of consecrated foods, as Leviticus 6:20 states: “And a soul who partakes of the meat of the peace sacrifice while he is impure....”קכטשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל אָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא קָדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר תֹּאכַל מִבְּשַׂר זֶבַח הַשְּׁלָמִים אֲשֶׁר לַה׳ וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו וְנִכְרְתָה.

130. Not to partake of consecrated foods that have contracted ritual impurity, as Leviticus 7:19 states: “Meat that has touched any impurity shall not be eaten.”קלשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהַבָּשָׂר אֲשֶׁר יִגַע בְּכָל טָמֵא לֹא יֵאָכֵל.

131. Not to eat sacrificial meat that has remained past the limits allotted for its consumption, as Leviticus 19:8 states: “One who eats it shall bear his guilt... his soul will be punished by karet.” קלאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל נוֹתָר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאוֹכְלָיו עֲוֹנוֹ יִשָּׂא וְכוּ׳ וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ.

132. Not to eat piggul, as Leviticus 7:18 states: “It will not be accepted for him. Instead, it will be considered as piggul. Any person who eats it will bear his guilt.” This sin is punishable by karet. קלבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל פִּגּוּל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הַמַּקְרִיב אוֹתוֹ לֹא יֵחָשֵׁב לוֹ פִּגּוּל יִהְיֶה וְגוֹ׳, וְהוּא בְּכָרֵת.

133. For an unauthorized person not to partake of the terumot, 2 as Leviticus 22:10 states: “No unauthorized person shall eat it.”קלגשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זָר תְּרוּמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל זָר לֹא יֹאכַל קֹדֶשׁ.

134. For even a tenant or a hired worker employed by a priest not to partake of terumah, as Leviticus 22:10 states: “A tenant of a priest or his hired worker shall not eat the holy food.”קלדשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל אֲפִלּוּ תּוֹשַׁב כֹּהֵן וּשְׂכִירוֹ תְּרוּמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תּוֹשַׁב כֹּהֵן וְשָׂכִיר וְכוּ׳.

135. For an uncircumcised person not to partake of terumah or other consecrated foods. This concept was derived from a gezerah shavah 3 and is not explicitly mentioned in the Torah. Nevertheless, based on the oral tradition, the prohibition against an uncircumcised person partaking of consecrated foods is considered as a prohibition of the Torah itself and not a decree of the Sages.קלהשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל עָרֵל תְּרוּמָה וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאָר קָדָשִׁים. וְדָבָר זֶה - לִמְּדוֹ הַכָּתוּב מִן הַפֶּסַח בִּגְּזֵרָה שָׁוָה וְאֵינוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ מִן הַתּוֹרָה; וּמִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁאִסּוּר עָרֵל בְּקָדָשִׁים מִגּוּפֵי תּוֹרָה וְאֵינוֹ מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.

136. For a priest who is impure not to partake of terumah, as Leviticus 22:4 states: “Any of your descendants... shall not eat from the consecrated foods.”קלושֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל כֹּהֵן טָמֵא תְּרוּמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִישׁ מִזַּרְעֲךָ וְכוּ׳ בַּקָּדָשִׁים לֹא יֹאכַל.

137. For a chalalah not to partake of consecrated foods, neither terumah, nor the breast and the shankbone given to the priest, as Leviticus 22:12 states: “When a priest’s daughter marries an unauthorized person, she shall not eat from the sacred, elevated gifts.”קלזשֶׁלֹּא תֹּאכַל חֲלָלָה קֹדֶשׁ, לֹא תְּרוּמָה וְלֹא חָזֶה וָשׁוֹק; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבַת כֹּהֵן כִּי תִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ זָר הִיא בִּתְרוּמַת הַקֳּדָשִׁים לֹא תֹאכֵל.

138. For a meal offering brought by a priest not to be eaten, as Leviticus 6:15 states: “Any meal offering brought by a priest shall be consumed entirely by fire ; it shall not be eaten.”קלחשֶׁלֹּא תֵאָכֵל מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן כָּלִיל תִּהְיֶה לֹא תֵאָכֵל.

139. Not to partake of the meat of the sin offerings whose blood is sprinkled within the Temple sanctuary, as Leviticus 6:23 states: “Any sin offering whose blood has been brought....”קלטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר חַטָּאוֹת הַנַּעֲשׂוֹת בִּפְנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל חַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר יוּבָא מִדָּמָהּ וְכוּ׳ לֹא תֵאָכֵל.

140. Not to partake of consecrated animals that were disqualified for use as sacrifices because a blemish was intentionally inflicted upon them, as Deuteronomy 14:3 states: “Do not eat of any abomination.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that the verse refers to consecrated animals that were disqualified for use because of a blemish inflicted upon them.קמשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָשִׁין שֶׁהֻטַּל בָּהֶם מוּם בְּכַוָּנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל כָּל תּוֹעֵבָה, לָמַדְנוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה - שֶׁבִּפְסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָשִׁין שֶׁהֻטַּל בָּהֶם מוּם הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר.

141. Not to eat grain separated as the second tithe outside of Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy 12:17 states: “You may not eat within your gates the tithe from your grain.”קמאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דָּגָן חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְּׁעָרֶיךָ וְכוּ׳.

142. Not to consume wine separated as the second tithe outside Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...your wine....”קמבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל תִּירוֹשׁ חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תִּירוֹשְׁךָ.

143. Not to consume oil separated as the second tithe outside Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...and your oil....”קמגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל יִצְהָר חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְיִצְהָרֶךָ.

144. Not to eat an unblemished firstling animal outside Jerusalem, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat within your gates... and the firstlings of your cattle and flocks....”קמדשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּכוֹר תָּמִים חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וּבְכוֹרוֹת.

145. For the priests not to eat a sin offering or a guilt offering outside the Temple courtyard, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...your cattle and your flocks.” According to the oral tradition, the purpose of this phrase is only to forbid the consumption of the sin offerings and the guilt offerings outside the Temple courtyard. Anything that is eaten outside the place intended for it is covered by the prohibition: “You may not eat within your gates....”קמהשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכְלוּ הַכֹּהֲנִים חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ בְּקָרְךָ וְצֹאנֶךָ. מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ, שֶׁלֹּא בָּא הַכָּתוּב אֶלָּא לֶאֱסֹר בְּשַׂר חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה; לְפִי שֶׁכָּל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּאָכֵל חוּץ לִמְקוֹם אֲכִילָתוֹ - ״לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְּׁעָרֶיךָ״ אֶקְרָא בּוֹ.

146. Not to eat the meat of a burnt offering, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat... the sacrifices you have vowed to bring....” Meaning to say: You may not partake of the sacrifices you have vowed to give. This is a warning against a person’s benefiting from the unauthorized use of consecrated articles which he is forbidden to use. If he derives such benefit, he transgresses.קמושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר הָעוֹלָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וְכָל נְדָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּדֹּר; כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל נְדָרֶיךָ אֲשֶׁר תִּדוֹר. וְזוֹ הִיא אַזְהָרָה שֶׁל כָּל מוֹעֵל, שֶׁלֹּא יֶהֱנֶה מִן הַקָּדָשִׁים הָאֲסוּרִים לֵהָנוֹת מֵהֶם; וְאִם נֶהֱנָה מָעַל.

147. Not to eat the meat of sacrifices of a lesser order of holiness before the sprinkling of their blood, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat... the animals you have pledged to bring as sacrifices...”—i.e., you are not allowed to eat from the sacrifices you have pledged until their blood has been sprinkled.קמזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים קֹדֶם זְרִיקַת דָּמִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וְנִדְבוֹתֶיךָ, כְּלוֹמַר לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל נִדְבוֹתֶיךָ עַד שֶׁיִּזָּרֵק דָּמָם.

148. For an unauthorized person not to eat the meat of the sacrifices of the highest order of sanctity, as Exodus 29:33 states: “An unauthorized person shall not partake of them, for they are holy.”קמחשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זָר בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְזָר לֹא יֹאכַל כִּי קֹדֶשׁ הֵם.

149. For a priest not to partake of the first fruitsbikkurimbefore they are placed down in the Temple courtyard, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “You may not eat... the elevated gifts delivered by hand.” The latter phrase refers to the first fruits.קמטשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל כֹּהֵן בִּכּוּרִים קֹדֶם הַנָּחָה בָּעֲזָרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל וְכוּ׳ וּתְרוּמַת יָדֶךָ - אֵלּוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים.

150. Not to eat the second tithe which has become impure, even within Jerusalem, until it has been redeemed, as Deuteronomy 26:14 states: “I have not consumed it while it is impure.”קנשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּטֻמְאָה וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם עַד שֶׁיִּפָּדֶה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא.

151. Not to eat the second tithe while in mourning, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “I have not eaten from it… while in mourning.”קנאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בַּאֲנִינוּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא אָכַלְתִּי בְאֹנִי מִמֶּנּוּ.

152. Not to use the proceeds from the redemption of the second tithe for anything aside from food and drink, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,states: “I have not used it for the dead.” Anything that is not associated with the needs of a living body is referred to as “used for the dead.”קנבשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא דְּמֵי מַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי בִּשְׁאַר דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת, וְכָל שֶׁהוּא חוּץ לְצָרְכֵי הַגּוּף הַחַי - ״נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת״ אֶקְרָא בּוֹ.

153. Not to eat tevel. Tevel refers to produce from which one is obligated to separate terumah and tithes from which God’s terumah has not been separated, as Leviticus 22:15 states: “And they shall not profane the sacred gifts which the children of Israel will separate for God.” This implies that the produce which the Jews will ultimately separate for God should not be treated in a mundane manner and eaten while tevel. קנגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל טֶבֶל; וְהַטֶּבֶל - הוּא הַדָּבָר שֶׁגִּדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ הַחַיָּב בַּתְּרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא הוֹצִיאוּ מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמוֹת ה׳. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יְחַלְּלוּ אֶת קָדָשֵׁי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת אֲשֶׁר יָרִימוּ לַיְיָ; כְּלוֹמַר: דְּבָרִים שֶׁהֵן עֲתִידִין לְהָרִים אוֹתָם לַה׳ - לֹא יַעֲשׂוּ אוֹתָם חוֹל וְיֹאכְלוּ אוֹתָם בְּטִבְלָם.

154. Not to separate terumah before the first fruits, nor the first tithe before terumah, nor the second tithe before the first. Rather, the agricultural gifts must be given in order—first, the first fruits; afterwards, terumah; afterwards, the first tithe; and, afterwards, the second tithe—as implied by Exodus 22:28: “Do not delay your offerings of newly ripened produce and your agricultural offerings.” This means: Do not delay bringing an offering that should be brought first.קנדשֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְדִּים תְּרוּמָה לַבִּכּוּרִים, וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַתְּרוּמָה, וְלֹא מַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן; אֶלָּא מוֹצִיאִין עַל הַסֵּדֶר: בִּכּוּרִים תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַעֲשַׂר שֵׁנִי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר, כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא תְאַחֵר דָּבָר הָרָאוּי לְהַקְדִּימוֹ.

155. Not to delay bringing sacrifices you have vowed to offer, or animals which you have pledged to bring as sacrifices, as Deuteronomy 23:22 states: “ When you make a pledge to God, do not delay paying it.”קנהשֶׁלֹּא לְאַחֵר הַנְּדָרִים וְהַנְּדָבוֹת שֶׁנָּדַר וְשֶׁנָּדַב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְאַחֵר לְשַׁלְּמוֹ.

156. Not to make a festive pilgrimage without bringing a sacrifice, as Exodus 23:15 states: “Do not appear before Me empty-handed.”קנושֶׁלֹּא לַעֲלוֹת לַחַג בְּלֹא קָרְבָּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם.

157. Not to violate a vow which a person makes forbidding his use of anything, as Numbers 30:3 states: “He shall not violate his word.”קנזשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹר עַל דְּבָרִים שֶׁאָסַר אָדָם עַל נַפְשׁוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַחֵל דְּבָרוֹ.

158. For a priest not to marry an immoral womanzonah , as Leviticus 21:7 states: “They shall not marry an immoral woman or a chalalah.” קנחשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן זוֹנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִשָּׁה זוֹנָה לֹא יִקָּחוּ.

159. For a priest not to marry a chalalah, 4 as Leviticus 21:7 states: “They shall not marry... a chalalah.” קנטשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן חֲלָלָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַחֲלָלָה לֹא יִקָּחוּ.

160. For a priest not to marry a divorcee, as Leviticus 21:7 states: “...nor may they marry a woman divorced from her husband.”קסשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן גְּרוּשָׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאִשָּׁה גְּרוּשָׁה מֵאִישָׁהּ לֹא יִקָּחוּ.

161. For a High Priest not to marry a widow, as Leviticus 21:14 states: “A widow, a divorcee, a chalalah, or an immoral woman—these he must not marry.”קסאשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אַלְמָנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַלְמָנָה וּגְרוּשָׁה וַחֲלָלָה זוֹנָה אֶת אֵלֶּה לֹא יִקָּח.

162. For a High Priest not to have sexual relations with a widow even outside the context of marriage, because by doing so he profanes her, as Leviticus 21:15 states: “He shall not profane his progeny....” This also implies that he must not cause a woman eligible to marry a priest to become ineligible as happens through the relations described above.קסבשֶׁלֹּא יִבְעוֹל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל אַלְמָנָה וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּלֹא קִדּוּשִׁין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּחַלְלָהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל זַרְעוֹ בְּעַמָּיו - הֲרֵי הוּא מֻזְהָר שֶׁלֹּא לְחַלֵל כְּשֵׁרָה.

163. For a priest not to enter the Temple with hair that has grown unseemingly long, as implied by Leviticus 10:6: “Do not let your hair grow long.”קסגשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן לַמִּקְדָּשׁ פָּרוּעַ רֹאשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: רָאשֵׁיכֶם אַל תִּפְרָעוּ.

164. For a priest not to enter the Temple with torn garments, as implied by Leviticus, op. cit.,: “Do not rend your garments.”קסדשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן לַמִּקְדָּשׁ קָרוּעַ בְּגָדִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבִגְדֵיכֶם לֹא תִפְרוֹמוּ.

165. For a priest not to leave the Temple courtyard in the midst of service, as implied by Leviticus 10:7: “Do not depart from before the entrance to the Tent of Testimony.”קסהשֶׁלֹּא יֵצֵא הַכֹּהֵן מִן הָעֲזָרָה בִּשְׁעַת הָעֲבוֹדָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמִפֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לֹא תֵצְאוּ פֶּן תָּמוּתוּ.

166. For a common priest not to become impure through contact with a corpse with the exception of the specific instances permitted by the Torah, as Leviticus 21:1 states: “He shall not become impure through contact with the dead.”קסושֶׁלֹּא יִטַּמָּא כֹּהֵן הֶדְיוֹט לִשְׁאָר מֵתִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְנֶפֶשׁ לֹא יִטַּמָּא בְּעַמָּיו.

167. For a High Priest not to become impure through contact with any corpse, even those of his relatives, as Leviticus 21:11 states: “He shall not become impure, even for his father and mother.”קסזשֶׁלֹּא יִטַּמָּא כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וַאֲפִלּוּ לִקְרוֹבָיו; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְאָבִיו וּלְאִמּוֹ לֹא יִטַּמָּא.

168. For a High Priest not to enter the place where a corpse is found, as Leviticus 21:11 states: “He should not come in contact with any dead body.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that he is obligated for violating both the prohibitions: not to become impure and not to enter the place of a corpse.קסחשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל עִם מֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעַל כָּל נַפְשׁוֹת מֵת לֹא יָבֹא - כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בְּבַל יָבֹא וְחַיָּב בְּבַל יִטַּמָּא.

169. For the tribe of Levi not to take a portion of Eretz Yisrael, as Deuteronomy 18:2 states: “He shall not receive an inheritance.”קסטשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כָּל שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְנַחֲלָה לֹא יִהְיֶה לוֹ.

170. For the tribe of Levi not to take a portion of the spoils in the conquest of Eretz Yisrael, as Deuteronomy 18:1 states: “The priests and the Levites shall not receive a portion or an inheritance.”קעשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח כָּל שֵׁבֶט לֵוִי חֵלֶק בַּבִּזָּה בִּשְׁעַת כִּבּוּשׁ הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִהְיֶה לַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְּוִיִם.

171. Not to tear out hair in mourning for the dead, as Deuteronomy 14:1 states: “Do not make a bald spot upon your heads.”קעאשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת קָרְחָה עַל מֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָשִׂימוּ קָרְחָה בֵּין עֵינֵיכֶם לָמֵת.

172. Not to eat non-kosher animals, as Deuteronomy 14:7 states: “Nevertheless, among those who chew the cud, these you may not eat....”קעבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַךְ אֶת זֶה לֹא תֹאכְלוּ מִמַּעֲלֵי הַגֵּרָה.

173. Not to eat non-kosher fish, as Leviticus 11:11 states: “They shall be regarded as a detestable thing for you. Do not partake of their flesh.”קעגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל דָּג טָמֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשֶׁקֶץ יִהְיוּ לָכֶם מִבְּשָׂרָם לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.

174. Not to eat non-kosher birds, as Leviticus 11:13 states: “These birds you must regard as detestable. Do not partake of them.”קעדשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל עוֹף טָמֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת אֵלֶּה תְּשַׁקְּצוּ מִן הָעוֹף לֹא יֵאָכְלוּ.

175. Not to eat flying insects, as Deuteronomy 14:19 states: “Every flying insect that is not-kosher for you shall not be eaten.”קעהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הָעוֹף טָמֵא הוּא לָכֶם.

176. Not to eat insects that breed on land, as Leviticus 11:41 states: “Every insect that creeps upon the earth must be regarded as detestable. It may not be eaten.”קעושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשּׁוֹרֵץ עַל הָאָרֶץ שֶׁקֶץ הוּא.

177. Not to eat anything that creeps on the earth, as Leviticus 11:44 states: “Do not make your souls impure with any insect that creeps upon the earth.”קעזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל רֶמֶשׂ הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְטַמְּאוּ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם.

178. Not to eat worms that breed in produce after they become exposed to the air, as Leviticus 11:42 states: “...for any swarming creature which breeds upon the land, you shall not eat them.”קעחשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל תּוֹלַעַת הַפֵּרוֹת כְּשֶׁתֵּצֵא לָאֲוִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשּׁוֹרֵץ עַל הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳.

179. Not to eat swarming creatures that breed in the water, as Leviticus 11:43 states: “Do not make yourselves detestable by eating any swarming creature.”קעטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל שֶׁרֶץ הַמַּיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תְּשַׁקְצוּ אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם בְּכָל הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְגוֹ׳.

180. Not to eat carrion, as Deuteronomy 14:21 states: “Do not eat carrion.”קפשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מֵתָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכְלוּ כָל נְבֵלָה.

181. Not to eat an animal with a mortal infliction (treifah), as Exodus 22:30 states: “Do not eat flesh torn off by a predator.”קפאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל טְרֵפָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבָשָׂר בַּשָּׂדֶה טְרֵפָה לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ וְכוּ׳.

182. Not to eat a limb from a living animal, as Deuteronomy 12:23 states: “Do not eat the life of an animal with its flesh.”קפבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל הַנֶּפֶשׁ עִם הַבָּשָׂר.

183. Not to eat the displaced sciatic nerve as Genesis 32:33 states: “Therefore, the children of Israel do not eat the displaced nerve.”קפגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה.

184. Not to consume blood, as Leviticus 7:26 states: “Do not consume any blood.”קפדשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל דָּם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל דָּם לֹא תֹאכְלוּ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבוֹתֵיכֶם.

185. Not to partake of hard fat, as Leviticus 7:23 states: “Do not eat any of the fat in an ox, sheep, or goat.”קפהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל חֵלֶב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל חֵלֶב שׁוֹר וְכֶשֶׂב וָעֵז לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.

186. Not to cook meat and milk together, as Exodus 23:19 states: “Do not cook a kid in its mother’s milk.”קפושֶׁלֹּא לְבַשֵּׁל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ.

187. Not to eat meat and milk together, as Exodus 34:26 states: “Do not cook a kid in its mother’s milk.” Based on the oral tradition, we have learned that one of these verses implies a prohibition against cooking the two together, and the other, a prohibition against eating from the combination.קפזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי בַּחֲלֵב אִמּוֹ״ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה - כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁאֶחָד לְאִסּוּר בִּשּׁוּל וְאֶחָד לְאִסּוּר אֲכִילָה.

188. Not to partake of the meat of an ox that was stoned to death, as Exodus 21:28 states: “And do not eat its flesh.”קפחשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר שׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יֵאָכֵל אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ.

189. Not to eat bread made from newly grown produce before Pesach, as Leviticus 23:14 states: “ Until that day... you may not eat bread….”קפטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל פַּת תְּבוּאָה חֲדָשָׁה קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֶחֶם וְקָלִי וְכַרְמֶל לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַד עֶצֶם הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה.

190. Not to eat roasted grain from newly grown produce before Pesach, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “ Until that day... you may not eat... roasted grain….”קצשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל קָלִי מִן הֶחָדָשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְקָלִי לֹא תֹאכְלוּ עַד עֶצֶם וְגוֹ׳.

191. Not to eat fresh grain from newly grown produce before Pesach, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “ Until that day... you may not eat... fresh grain.”קצאשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל כַּרְמֶל מִתְּבוּאָה חֲדָשָׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכַרְמֶל לֹא תֹאכְלוּ.

192. Not to eat orlah for three years, as Leviticus 19:23 states: “For three years, you must regard its fruit as a forbidden growth. It may not be eaten.”קצבשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל עָרְלָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים יִהְיֶה לָכֶם עֲרֵלִים לֹא יֵאָכֵל.

193. Not to eat mixed species planted in a vineyard, as Deuteronomy 22:9 states: “...lest the yield of the crops you planted and the fruit of the vineyard shall become forfeit.” This refers to a prohibition against eating such produce.קצגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: פֶּן תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם - זֶה הוּא אִסּוּר אֲכִילָה.

194. Not to drink wine used for idolatrous libations, as Deuteronomy 32:38 states: “...who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their libations.”קצדשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן נֶסֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר חֵלֶב זְבָחֵימוֹ יֹאכְלוּ יִשְׁתּוּ יֵין נְסִיכָם.

195. Not to eat or drink like a glutton and a drunkard, as Deuteronomy 21:20 states: “This son of ours is a glutton and a drunkard.”קצהשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת דֶּרֶךְ זוֹלֵל וְסוֹבֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּנֵנוּ זֶה וְכוּ׳ זוֹלֵל וְסוֹבֵא.

196. Not to eat on the day of the fast of Yom Kippur, as Leviticus 23:29 states: “For any person who does not afflict himself on that day....”קצושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּיוֹם הַצּוֹם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי כָל הַנֶּפֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר לֹא תְעֻנֶּה וְהַאֲבַדְתִּי וְנִכְרְתָה.

197. Not to partake of chametz on Pesach, as Exodus 13:3 states: “Do not eat chametz.”קצזשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֵאָכֵל חָמֵץ.

198. Not to eat a mixture of chametz, as Exodus 12:20 states: “Do not eat any leavened matter.”קצחשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל תַּעֲרֹבֶת חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ.

199. Not to eat chametz after noontime on the fourteenth of Nisan, as Deuteronomy 16:3 states: “Do not eat chametz with it.”קצטשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל חָמֵץ אַחַר חֲצוֹת יוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ.

200. Not to have chametz seen in one’s possession during Pesach, as Exodus 13:7 states: “No chametz and no leaven may be seen in your territories.”רשֶׁלֹּא יֵרָאֶה חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֵרָאֶה לְךָ חָמֵץ.

201. Not to have chametz found in one’s possession during Pesach, as Exodus 13:7 states: “No chametz may be found in your homes.”ראשֶׁלֹּא יִמָּצֵא חָמֵץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שְׂאֹר לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָתֵּיכֶם.

202. For a Nazirite not to drink wine or partake of anything in which wine was mixed and has the taste of wine, as Numbers 6:3 states: “He shall not drink any grape beverage.” This prohibition applies even if the wine or other beverage with which the wine was mixed has become sour, as the above verse states: “He may not drink vinegar from wine or wine-brandy.”רבשֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתֶּה הַנָּזִיר יַיִן וְלֹא דָּבָר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בּוֹ יַיִן וְטַעֲמוֹ כְּטַעַם יַיִן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכָל מִשְׁרַת עֲנָבִים. וַאֲפִלּוּ הֶחֱמִיץ הַיַּיִן אוֹ דָּבָר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בּוֹ הַיַּיִן - הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר עָלָיו; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: חֹמֶץ יַיִן וְחֹמֶץ שֵׁכָר לֹא יִשְׁתֶּה.

203. For a Nazirite not to eat fresh grapes, as Numbers, op. cit.,states: “ He shall not eat fresh... grapes.”רגשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל עֲנָבִים לַחִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַעֲנָבִים לַחִים לֹא יֹאכֵל.

204. For a Nazirite not to eat raisins, as Numbers, op. cit.,states: “ He shall not eat... dried grapes.”רדשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל עֲנָבִים יְבֵשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וִיבֵשִׁים לֹא יֹאכֵל.

205. For a Nazirite not to eat grape seeds, as Numbers 6:4 states: “He shall not eat anything from wine grapes from its seeds....”רהשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל חַרְצַנִּים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְגוֹ׳ לֹא יֹאכֵל.

206. For a Nazirite not to eat grape peels, as Numbers, op. cit.,continues: “He shall not eat anything from wine grapes... to its peels.”רושֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זַגִּים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעַד זָג לֹא יֹאכֵל.

207. For a Nazirite not to become impure through contact with a dead body, as Numbers 6:7 states: “He may not become impure even for his father, his mother....”רזשֶׁלֹּא יִטַּמָּא הַנָּזִיר לְמֵת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לְאָבִיו וּלְאִמּוֹ וְכוּ׳ לֹא יִטַּמָּא לָהֶם בְּמוֹתָם.

208. For a Nazirite not to enter below any roof beneath which a corpse is found, as Leviticus 21:11 states: “He shall not come into contact with any dead body.”רחשֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עַל נֶפֶשׁ מֵת לֹא יָבֹא.

209. For a Nazirite not to shave, as Numbers 6:5 states: “A razor shall not pass upon his head.”רטשֶׁלֹּא יְגַלֵּחַ הַנָּזִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: תַּעַר לֹא יַעֲבֹר עַל רֹאשׁוֹ.

210. Not to harvest one’s entire field, as Leviticus 23:22 states: “Do not completely harvest the ends of your fields.”רישֶׁלֹּא לִקְצֹר כָּל הַשָּׂדֶה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְכַלֶה פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ בְּקֻצְּרֶךָ.

211. Not to gather the individual stalks that fall in the harvest, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not gather the leket of your harvest.”ריאשֶׁלֹּא לִלְקֹט הַשִּׁבָּלִים הַנּוֹפְלוֹת בִּשְׁעַת קְצִירָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֶקֶט קְצִירְךָ לֹא תְלַקֵּט.

212. Not to harvest underdeveloped grape clusters, as Leviticus 19:10 states: “Do not pick the incompletely formed grape clusters in your vineyard.”ריבשֶׁלֹּא לִבְצֹר עוֹלְלוֹת הַכֶּרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תְעוֹלֵל.

213. Not to gather individual fallen grapes, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not gather the individual fallen grapes in your vineyard.”ריגשֶׁלֹּא לְלַקֵּט פֶּרֶט הַכֶּרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּפֶרֶט כַּרְמְךָ לֹא תְלַקֵּט.

214. Not to take a sheaf which has been forgotten, as Deuteronomy 24:19 states: “Do not go back to take it.” This prohibition also applies to all trees, asop . cit ., 24:20 states: “Do not carefully re-harvest it.”רידשֶׁלֹּא לִיקַח עֹמֶר הַשִּׁכְחָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָשׁוּב לְקַחְתּוֹ. וְכֵן לְכָל הָאִילָנוֹת יֵשׁ שִׁכְחָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְפַאֵר אַחֲרֶיךָ.

215. Not to sow mixed species of seeds together, as Leviticus 19:19 states: “Do not sow different species of seed in your field.”רטושֶׁלֹּא לִזְרוֹעַ כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאָיִם.

216. Not to sow grain or vegetables in a vineyard, as Deuteronomy 22:9 states: “Do not plant different species in your vineyard.”רטזשֶׁלֹּא לִזְרוֹעַ תְּבוּאָה אוֹ יֶרֶק בְּכֶרֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם.

217. Not to crossbreed different species of animals, as Leviticus 19:19 states: “Do not crossbreed your livestock with other species.”ריזשֶׁלֹּא לְהַרְבִּיעַ בְּהֵמָה מִין עִם שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּהֶמְתְּךָ לֹא תַרְבִּיעַ כִּלְאַיִם.

218. Not to work with two different species of animals together, as Deuteronomy 22:10 states: “Do not plow with an ox and a donkey together.”ריחשֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בִּשְׁנֵי מִינֵי בְּהֵמָה כְּאֶחָד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַחֲרשׁ בְּשׁוֹר וּבַחֲמוֹר יַחְדָּו.

219. Not to muzzle an ox while it is working with produce from which it would eat and derive benefit, as Deuteronomy 25:4 states: “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading grain.”ריטשֶׁלֹּא לַחְסֹם בְּהֵמָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה בְּדָבָר שֶׁאוֹכֶלֶת מִמֶּנּוּ וְנֶהֱנֵית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַחְסֹם שׁוֹר בְּדִישׁוֹ.

220. Not to cultivate the land in the seventh year, as Leviticus 25:4 states: “Do not sow your field.”רכשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד אֲדָמָה בַּשְּׁבִיעִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרָע.

221. Not to cultivate trees in the seventh year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “Do not prune your vineyard.”רכאשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד אִילָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכַרְמְךָ לֹא תִזְמֹר.

222. Not to reap crops that grow on their own in the seventh year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus 25:5 states: “Do not reap the crops of your harvest that grow on their own.”רכבשֶׁלֹּא לִקְצֹר סְפִיחֵי שְׁבִיעִית כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁקּוֹצְרִין בִּשְׁאַר הַשָּׁנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵת סְפִיחַ קְצִירְךָ לֹא תִקְצֹר.

223. Not to reap fruit that grows on trees in the seventh year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not gather the grapes of your vines from which you must abstain.”רכגשֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱסֹף פֵּרוֹת הָאִילָן בַּשְּׁבִיעִית כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאוֹסְפִין בְּכָל שָׁנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת עִנְבֵי נְזִירֶיךָ לֹא תִבְצֹר.

224. Not to do agricultural work—whether with land or trees—in the Jubilee year, as Leviticus 25:11 states: “Do not sow....”רכדשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד בִּשְׁנַת יוֹבֵל בֵּין אֲדָמָה בֵּין אִילָן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ: לֹא תִזְרָעוּ.

225. Not to reap crops that grow on their own in the Jubilee year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not harvest the crops which grow on their own.”רכהשֶׁלֹּא לִקְצֹר סְפִיחֵי יוֹבֵל כִּשְׁאָר הַשָּׁנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: לֹא תִקְצְרוּ אֶת סְפִיחֶיהָ.

226. Not to reap the fruit of the Jubilee year in the same manner as in an ordinary year, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not gather the grapes of your vines from which you must abstain.”רכושֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱסֹף פֵּרוֹת יוֹבֵל כַּאֲסִיפַת שְׁאַר הַשָּׁנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: וְלֹא תִבְצְרוּ אֶת נְזִירֶיהָ.

227. Not to sell a field in Eretz Yisrael in perpetuity, as Leviticus 25:23 states: “Do not make a permanent sale of the land.”רכזשֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר שָׂדֶה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִצְמִיתוּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְהָאָרֶץ לֹא תִמָּכֵר לִצְמִיתוּת.

228. Not to change the purpose of the open areas and fields granted to the Levites, as Leviticus 25:34 states: “The fields of the open areas surrounding their cities shall not be sold.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that this verse is a prohibition against changing the purpose for which these lands are used.רכחשֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁנּוֹת מִגְרְשֵׁי הַלְּוִיִם וּשְׂדוֹתֵיהֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּשֲׂדֵה מִגְרַשׁ עָרֵיהֶם לֹא יִמָּכֵר, מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ - שֶׁזּוֹ אַזְהָרָה שֶׁלֹּא יִשְׁתַּנֶּה.

229. Not to forsake the Levites, as Deuteronomy 12:191 states: “Be very careful not to abandon the Levite.” Rather, we must give them the portions they are due and rejoice with them on each of the festivals.רכטשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲזֹב הַלְּוִיִם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן תַּעֲזֹב אֶת הַלֵּוִי. אֶלָּא נוֹתְנִין לָהֶם מַתְּנוֹתֵיהֶם וּמְשַׂמְחִין אוֹתָן בָּהֶן בְּכָל רֶגֶל וָרֶגֶל.

230. Not to demand the repayment of a loan after the seventh year has passed, as Deuteronomy 15:2 states: “Do not demand payment from your fellow man.”רלשֶׁלֹּא יִתְבַּע הַלְוָאָה שֶׁעָבְרָה עָלֶיהָ שְׁבִיעִית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִגֹּשׂ אֶת רֵעֵהוּ וְאֶת אָחִיו.

231. Not to withhold lending money to a poor person because of the advent of the shemitah year, as Deuteronomy 15:9 states “Be careful, lest an idea... occur to you.... ” This is an accepted general principle: Whenever the Torah uses the expressions “Be careful,” “Lest,” or “Do not,” a negative commandment is involved.רלאשֶׁלֹּא יִמָּנַע מִלְּהַלְווֹת לֶעָנִי מִפְּנֵי הַשְׁמִטָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִשָּׁמֶר לְךָ פֶּן יִהְיֶה דָּבָר וְכוּ׳, זֶה הַכְּלָל: כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״הִשָּׁמֶר״ אוֹ ״פֶּן״ אוֹ ״אַל״ - אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא מִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

232. Not to withhold lending money to a poor person or providing him with his needs, as Deuteronomy 15:7 states: “Do not harden your heart.” Thus, a person who gives charity fulfills a positive commandment, while one who spurns the opportunity to give not only fails to perform a positive commandment, but also transgresses a negative commandment.רלבשֶׁלֹּא לְהִמָּנַע מִלְּהַחֲיוֹת לֶעָנִי וּמִלִתֵּן לוֹ מַה שֶּׁהוּא צָרִיךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְאַמֵּץ אֶת לְבָבְךָ וְכוּ׳. נִמְצָא: הַנּוֹתֵן צְדָקָה עוֹשֶׂה מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה; וְהַמַּעֲלִים עֵינָיו מִן הַצְּדָקָה - יֶתֶר עַל שֶׁבִּטֵּל עֲשֵׂה עָבַר עַל לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

233. Not to send away a Hebrew servant empty-handed when he goes free, as Deuteronomy 15:13 states: “Do not send him away empty-handed.”רלגשֶׁלֹּא לְשַׁלֵּחַ עֶבֶד עִבְרִי רֵיקָם כְּשֶׁיֵּצֵא חָפְשִׁי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְשַׁלְחֶנוּ רֵיקָם.

234. Not to demand payment of a debt from a poor person when one knows that he is impoverished, nor to cause him grief, as Exodus 22:24 states: “Do not behave like a creditor towards him.”רלדשֶׁלֹּא יִתְבַּע הֶעָנִי בְּחוֹבוֹ כְּשֶׁיֵּדַע שֶׁהוּא עָנִי, וְלֹא יֵצַר לוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִהְיֶה לוֹ כְּנוֹשֶׁה.

235. Not to lend at interest to a Jew, as Leviticus 25:37 states: “Do not lend him your money at interest.”רלהשֶׁלֹּא לְהַלְווֹת בְּרִבִּית לְיִשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶת כַּסְפְּךָ לֹא תִתֵּן לוֹ בְּנֶשֶׁךְ וּבְמַרְבִּית.

236. Not to borrow with interest, as inferred from Deuteronomy 23:20, which states: “Do not take interest from your brother.” According to the oral tradition, this verse is interpreted as a prohibition, forbidding a borrower from paying interest to a lender.רלושֶׁלֹּא לִלְוֹת בְּרִבִּית; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַשִׁיךְ לְאָחִיךָ, כָּךְ לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁזּוֹ אַזְהָרָה לַלּוֶֹה שֶׁלֹּא יִנְשֹׁךְ לַמַּלְוֶה.

237. Not to intermediate between the borrower and lender when interest is involved, nor to act as a guarantor or a witness to such a loan, nor to draw up a contract for it, as Exodus 22:24 states: “Do not charge him interest.”רלזשֶׁלֹּא לְהָשִׁית יָד בֵּין לוֶֹה וּמַלְוֶה בְּרִבִּית; לֹא לִהְיוֹת עָרֵב וְלֹא עֵד וְלֹא לִכְתֹּב שְׁטָר בֵּינֵיהֶם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְשִׂימוּן עָלָיו נֶשֶׁךְ.

238. Not to delay payment of a worker, as Leviticus 19:13 states: “Do not hold back a worker’s wages overnight.”רלחשֶׁלֹּא לְאַחֵר פְּעֻלַּת שָׂכִיר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָלִין פְּעֻלַּת שָׂכִיר וְכוּ׳.

239. Not to take security from a debtor by force, as Deuteronomy 24:10 states: “Do not enter his home to take security.”רלטשֶׁלֹּא יְמַשְׁכֵּן בַּעַל חוֹב בִּזְּרוֹעַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָבֹא אֶל בֵּיתוֹ לַעֲבֹט עֲבוֹטוֹ.

240. Not to withhold the return of security to its owner when he needs it, as Deuteronomy 24:12 states: “Do not lie down to sleep with his security”—i.e., do not lie down while holding his security. Instead, return it to him at night when he needs it at night.רמשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוֹעַ הָעֲבוֹט מִבְּעָלָיו הֶעָנִי בְּעֵת שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשְׁכַּב בַּעֲבוֹטוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר לֹא תִשְׁכַּב וַעֲבוֹטוֹ עִמְּךָ; אֶלָּא תְּשִׁיבֶנוּ לוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה הוֹאִיל וְהוּא צָרִיךְ לוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה.

241. Not to take security from a widow, as Deuteronomy 24:17 states: “Do not take a widow’s garment as security.”רמאשֶׁלֹּא לְמַשְׁכֵּן הָאַלְמָנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תַחֲבוֹל בֶּגֶד אַלְמָנָה.

242. Not to take utensils used in the preparation of food, as Deuteronomy 24:6 states: “Do not take either the upper or lower millstone as a pledge.”רמבשֶׁלֹּא לַחֲבֹל כֵּלִים שֶׁעוֹשִׁין בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַחֲבֹל רֵחַיִם וָרָכֶב.

243. Not to kidnap a Jewish person, as Exodus 20:15 states: “Do not steal.” This refers to kidnapping.רמגשֶׁלֹּא לִגְנֹב נֶפֶשׁ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִגְנֹב - זֶה גּוֹנֵב נֶפֶשׁ.

244. Not to steal, as Leviticus 19:11 states: “Do not steal.” This refers to stealing money.רמדשֶׁלֹּא לִגְנֹב מָמוֹן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִּגְנוֹבוּ - זוֹ הִיא גְּנֵבַת מָמוֹן.

245. Not to rob, as Leviticus 19:13 states: “Do not rob.”רמהשֶׁלֹּא לִגְזֹל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִגְזֹל.

246. Not to alter land boundaries, as Deuteronomy 19:14 states: “Do not remove your neighbor’s landmark.”רמושֶׁלֹּא לְהַשִּׂיג גְּבוּלוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַסִּיג גְּבוּל רֵעֲךָ.

247. Not to wrong a colleague by withholding his due, as Leviticus 19:13 states: “Do not wrong your neighbor.”רמזשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשֹׁק; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲשֹׁק אֶת רֵעֲךָ.

248. Not to deny a just claim, as Leviticus 19:11 states: “Do not deny your neighbor’s claim.”רמחשֶׁלֹּא לְכַחֵשׁ בְּמָמוֹן חֲבֵרוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְכַחֲשׁוּ.

249. Not to swear falsely in denying a monetary obligation to a colleague, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not swear falsely ”—i.e., do not swear falsely about money owed to a colleague.רמטשֶׁלֹּא לִשָּׁבַע עַל כְּפִירַת מָמוֹן חֲבֵרוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תְשַׁקְּרוּ, כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא תִשָּׁבַע עַל שֶׁקֶר בַּמָּמוֹן שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַחֲבֵרְךָ בְּיָדֶךָ.

250. Not to cheat in business, as Leviticus 25:14 states: “One man should not cheat his brother.”רנשֶׁלֹּא יוֹנֶה בְּמֶקַח וּמִמְכָּר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תּוֹנוּ אִישׁ אֶת אָחִיו.

251. Not to hurt someone with words, as Leviticus 25:17 states: “And one man shall not wrong another.” This prohibition refers to hurting someone with words.רנאשֶׁלֹּא יוֹנֶה בִּדְּבָרִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תוֹנוּ אִישׁ אֶת עֲמִיתוֹ וְיָרֵאתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶיךָ - זוֹ אוֹנָאַת דְּבָרִים.

252. Not to hurt a convert with words, as Exodus 22:20 states: “And do not wrong a convert....”רנבשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹנוֹת אֶת הַגֵּר בִּדְּבָרִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְגֵר לֹא תוֹנֶה.

253. Not to cheat a convert in business, as Exodus, op. cit.,continues: “...nor oppress him.”רנגשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹנוֹת אֶת הַגֵּר בְּמִקָּח וּמִמְכָּר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִלְחָצֶנּוּ.

254. Not to return a slave who fled to Eretz Yisrael to his master who lives in the Diaspora, as Deuteronomy 23:16 states: “Do not deliver a servant to his master.”רנדשֶׁלֹּא לְהַחֲזִיר עֶבֶד שֶׁבָּרַח לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לַאֲדוֹנָיו שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַסְגִּיר עֶבֶד אֶל אֲדוֹנָיו.

255. Not to wrong such a servant, as Deuteronomy 23:17 states: “He shall dwell in your midst, in the place which he selects... as he sees fit. Do not wrong him.”רנהשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹנוֹת עֶבֶד זֶה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עִמְּךָ יֵשֵׁב בְּקִרְבְּךָ וְכוּ׳ לֹא תּוֹנֶנוּ.

256. Not to oppress any widow or orphan, as Exodus 22:21 states: “Do not oppress any widow or orphan.”רנושֶׁלֹּא לַעֲנוֹת יָתוֹם וְאַלְמָנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כָּל אַלְמָנָה וְיָתוֹם לֹא תְעַנוּן.

257. Not to have a Hebrew servant perform servile tasks, as Leviticus 25:39 states: “Do not work him like a slave.”רנזשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי עֲבוֹדַת עֶבֶד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲבֹד בּוֹ עֲבוֹדַת עָבֶד.

258. Not to sell a Hebrew servant as slaves are sold, as Leviticus 25:42 states: “Do not sell him as slaves are sold.”רנחשֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר אוֹתוֹ מִמְּכֶּרֶת עָבֶד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִמָּכְרוּ מִמְּכֶּרֶת עָבֶד.

259. Not to make a Hebrew servant perform rigorous work, as Leviticus 25:43 states: “Do not rule over him with rigor.”רנטשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי בְּפָרֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִרְדֶּה בוֹ בְּפָרֶךְ.

260. Not to allow a gentile who purchased a Hebrew servant to make him work rigorously, as Leviticus 25:53 states: “He shall not rule over him with rigor.”רסשֶׁלֹּא לְהָנִיחַ הַגּוֹי לַעֲבֹד בְּעֶבֶד עִבְרִי הַנִּמְכָּר לוֹ בְּפֶרֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִרְדֶנוּ בְּפֶרֶךְ לְעֵינֶיךָ.

261. Not to sell a Hebrew maidservant to another person, as Exodus 21:8 states: “He shall have no power to sell her.”רסאשֶׁלֹּא לִמְּכּוֹר אָמָה עִבְרִיָּה לְאַחֵר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִמְשֹׁל לְמָכְרָהּ בְּבִגְדּוֹ בָהּ.

262. Not to withhold from a Hebrew maidservant who has been designated as a bride living expenses, clothing, or conjugal rights, as Exodus 21:10 states: “He may not diminish her living expenses, clothing, or conjugal rights.” The above applies also to other wives.רסבשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנֹעַ מֵאָמָה עִבְרִיָּה הַיְּעוּדָה שְׁאֵר כְּסוּת וְעוֹנָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שְׁאֵרָהּ כְּסוּתָהּ וְעוֹנָתָהּ לֹא יִגְרָע, וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאַר כָּל הַנָּשִׁים.

263. Not to sell a yefat to’ar, as a maidservant as Deuteronomy 21:14 states: “Do not sell her.”רסגשֶׁלֹּא לִמְכֹּר אֵשֶׁת יְפַת תֹּאַר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמָכֹר לֹא תִמְּכְּרֶנָה בַּכָּסֶף.

264. Not to force a yefat to’ar to serve as a maidservant, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “Do not rule over her.”רסדשֶׁלֹּא לִכְבּשׁ אֵשֶׁת יְפַת תֹּאַר שִׁפְחָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִתְעַמֵּר בָּהּ.

265. Not to covet, as Exodus 20:14 states: “Do not be envious of your neighbor’s wife.”רסהשֶׁלֹּא לַחְמֹד אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַחְמֹד אֵשֶׁת רֵעֶךָ שָׂדֵהוּ וְכוּ׳.

266. Not to desire, as Deuteronomy 5:18 states: “Do not desire your neighbor’s house.”רסושֶׁלֹּא לְהִתְאַוּוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִתְאַוֶּה בֵּית רֵעֶךָ.

267. For a worker who is harvesting crops not to eat from the unpicked produce before he has finished work, as Deuteronomy 23:26 states: “Do not lift a sickle....”רסזשֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל הַשָּׂכִיר שֶׁלֹּא בִּשְׁעַת גְּמַר מְלָאכָה מִן הַמְּחֻבָּר שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְחֶרְמֵשׁ לֹא תָנִיף וְכוּ׳.

268. For a worker not to take more than what he eats from the produce he harvests, as Deuteronomy 23:25 states: “Do not put any into your receptacles.”רסחשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח הַשָּׂכִיר יֶתֶר עַל אֲכִילָתוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאָכַלְתָּ עֲנָבִים כְּנַפְשְׁךָ שָׂבְעֶךָ וְאֶל כֶּלְיְךָ לֹא תִתֵּן.

269. Not to ignore a lost object, as Deuteronomy 22:3 states: “You may not ignore it.”רסטשֶׁלֹּא יִתְעַלֵּם מִן הָאֲבֵדָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל לְהִתְעַלֵּם.

270. Not to leave an animal fallen under its load on the road, as Deuteronomy 22:4 states: “You may not watch your neighbor’s donkey....”ערשֶׁלֹּא לְהַנִּיחַ הַבְּהֵמָה רוֹבֶצֶת תַּחַת מַשָּׂאָהּ בַּדֶּרֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִרְאֶה חֲמוֹר שׂנַאֲךָ וְכוּ׳.

271. Not to falsify measurements, as Leviticus 19:35 states: “Do not act deceitfully in judgment....” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that this verse prohibits acting deceitfully regarding measurements.רעאשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת עָוֶל בַּמִּדָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט - מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁהַכָּתוּב מַזְהִיר: לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בְּמִשְׁפַּט הַמִּדָּה.

272. Not to possess two sets of weights and measures, as Deuteronomy 25:13 states: “You may not have in your home....”רעבשֶׁלֹּא לִהְיוֹת אֶצְלֵנוּ אֵיפָה וָאֵיפָה אֶבֶן וָאֶבֶן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יִהְיֶה לְךָ בְּבֵיתְךָ וְגוֹ׳.

273. Not to act deceitfully in judgment, as Leviticus 19:15 states: “Do not pervert justice.”רעגשֶׁלֹּא לְעַוֵּל הַמִּשְׁפָּט; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט.

274. Not to accept bribes, as Exodus 23:8 states: “Do not take a bribe.”עדרשֶׁלֹּא לִקַּח שֹׁחַד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשֹׁחַד לֹא תִקָּח.

275. Not to honor a man of stature in judgment, as Leviticus 19:15 states: “Do not show respect to a great man.”ערהשֶׁלֹּא לְכַבֵּד גָּדוֹל בַּדִּין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תֶהְדַר פְּנֵי גָּדוֹל.

276. For a judge not to fear rendering a just judgment because of a wicked man, as Deuteronomy 1:17 states: “Do not fear anyone.”רעושֶׁלֹּא יִירָא הַדַּיָּן בַּדִּין מֵאָדָם רָע; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָגוּרוּ מִפְּנֵי אִישׁ.

277. Not to have mercy on a poor person in judgment, as Exodus 23:3 states: “And do not favor a poor man in his cause.”רעזשֶׁלֹּא לְרַחֵם עַל עָנִי בַּדִּין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְדָל לֹא תֶהְדַר בְּרִיבוֹ.

278. Not to pervert judgment against a sinner, as implied by Exodus 23:6, which states: “Do not pervert the judgment of a poor person.” This refers to someone who is poor with regard to the observance of the mitzvot.רעחשֶׁלֹּא לְהַטּוֹת מִשְׁפַּט אָדָם חוֹטֵא; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט אֶבְיוֹנְךָ, לָמְדוּ מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה שֶׁזֶּה אֶבְיוֹן בַּמִּצְוֹת.

279. Not to have pity on a person who has caused damages in judgments concerning fines, as Deuteronomy 25:12 states: “Let your eye not pity.”רעטשֶׁלֹּא לְרַחֵם עַל הַמַּזִּיק בְּדִינֵי קְנָסוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָחוֹס עֵינֶיךָ וְכוּ׳.

280. Not to pervert the justice due converts or orphans, as Deuteronomy 24:17 states: “Do not pervert the judgment of a convert or an orphan.”רפשֶׁלֹּא לְהַטּוֹת מִשְׁפַּט גֵּרִים וִיתוֹמִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַטֶּה מִשְׁפַּט גֵּר יָתוֹם.

281. Not to listen to one litigant in the absence of the other, as Exodus 23:1 states: “Do not hear a false report.”רפאשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמֹעַ מֵאֶחָד מִבַּעֲלֵי דִינִין וְאֵין חֲבֵרוֹ עִמּוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשָּׂא שֵׁמַע שָׁוְא.

282. Not to render a conviction in a capital case when there is only a majority of one, as Exodus 23:2 states: “Do not follow the majority to do evil.”רפבשֶׁלֹּא לִנְטוֹת אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים בְּדִינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת אִם הָיוּ הַמְחַיְּבִין יֶתֶר עַל הַמְּזַכִּין אֶחָד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לֹא תִהְיֶה אַחֲרֵי רַבִּים לְרָעוֹת.

283. For a person who argued in favor of acquittal in a capital case not to argue for a conviction, as Exodus, op. cit.,states: “Do not speak up in a trial to influence....”רפגשֶׁלֹּא יְלַמֵד חוֹבָה מִי שֶׁלִּמֵּד זְכוּת תְּחִלָּה בְּדִינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲנֶה עַל רִיב לִנְטוֹת.

284. Not to appoint as a judge a man who is unlearned in the Torah, even if he is learned in other disciplines, as Deuteronomy 1:17 states: “Do not show favoritism regarding judgment.”רפדשֶׁלֹּא לְמַנּוֹת בַּדַּיָּנִין אָדָם שֶׁאֵינוֹ חָכָם בְּדִינֵי תּוֹרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חָכָם בְּחָכְמוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַכִּירוּ פָנִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּט.

285. Not to give false testimony, as Exodus 20:13 states: “Do not give false testimony against your neighbor.”רפהשֶׁלֹּא לְהָעִיד בְּשֶׁקֶר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲנֶה בְרֵעֲךָ עֵד שָׁקֶר.

286. For a sinner not to act as a witness, as Exodus 23:1 states: “Do not conspire with a wicked person to be a corrupt witness.”רפושֶׁלֹּא יָעִיד בַּעַל עֲבֵרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל תָּשֶׁת יָדְךָ עִם רָשָׁע לִהְיוֹת עֵד חָמָס.

287. For a relative not to act as a witness, as Deuteronomy 24:16 states: “Fathers shall not die because of children.” According to the oral tradition, we have learned that the verse teaches that fathers should not die through the testimony of their sons. The same law applies regarding other relatives.רפזשֶׁלֹּא יָעִיד קָרוֹב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יוּמְתוּ אָבוֹת עַל בָּנִים וּבָנִים לֹא יוּמְתוּ עַל אָבוֹת; מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ: שֶׁלֹּא יוּמְתוּ אָבוֹת בְּעֵדוּת בָּנִים. וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאָר הַקְּרוֹבִים.

288. Not to render a decision based on the testimony of a single witness, as Deuteronomy 19:15 states: “A single witness shall not rise up against a person.”רפחשֶׁלֹּא לִכְרוֹת הַדִּין עַל פִּי עֵד אֶחָד; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָקוּם עֵד אֶחָד בְּאִישׁ.

289. Not to kill an innocent person, as Exodus 20:13 states: “Do not murder.”רפטשֶׁלֹּא לַהֲרֹג נָקִי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִּרְצָח.

290. Not to render a decision on the basis of a presumption, unless two witnesses observe the actual matter, as Exodus 23:7 states: “Do not slay the innocent and the righteous.”רצשֶׁלֹּא לַחְתֹּךְ הַדִּין בְּאֹמֶד הַדַּעַת עַד שֶׁיִּרְאוּ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְנָקִי וְצַדִּיק אַל תַּהֲרֹג.

291. For a witness not to render a decision in a capital case in which he testified, as Numbers 35:30 states: “One witness shall not testify in a capital case...”רצאשֶׁלֹּא יוֹרֶה הָעֵד בְּדִין שֶׁהֵעִיד בּוֹ בְּדִינֵי נְפָשׁוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְעֵד אֶחָד לֹא יַעֲנֶה בְנֶפֶשׁ.

292. Not to execute a person liable for execution before he stands trial, as Numbers 35:12 states: “The murderer shall not die until he stands before the congregation.”רצבשֶׁלֹּא לַהֲרֹג מְחֻיַּב הֲרִיגָה קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד בַּדִּין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יָמוּת הָרוֹצֵחַ עַד עָמְדוֹ לִפְנֵי הָעֵדָה.

293. Not to have pity on a pursuer. Rather, he should be killed before he kills or rapes the person he is pursuing, as Deuteronomy 25:12 states: “And you shall cut off her hand. Show no pity.”רצגשֶׁלֹּא לָחוּס עַל הָרוֹדֵף אֶלָּא הוֹרְגִין אוֹתוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ לַנִּרְדָּף וְיַהַרְגֶנּוּ אוֹ יְגַלֶּה עֶרְוָתוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְקַצוֹתָה אֶת כַּפָּהּ לֹא תָחוֹס עֵינֶךָ.

294. Not to punish a person forced to commit a sin, as Deuteronomy 22:26 states: “Do not do anything to the maiden.”רצדשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲנשׁ הָאָנוּס; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלַנַּעֲרָה לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה דָּבָר.

295. Not to take a ransom from a murderer, as Numbers 35:32 states: “Do not take a ransom for the life of a murderer.”רצהשֶׁלֹּא לִקַּח כֹּפֶר מִן הָרוֹצֵחַ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִקְחוּ כֹפֶר לְנֶפֶשׁ רוֹצֵחַ.

296. Not to take a ransom in return for exile for a person who kills accidentally, as Numbers 35:32 states: “And do not take a ransom for having to flee to his refuge city.”רצושֶׁלֹּא לִקַּח כֹּפֶר בְּגָלוּת רוֹצֵחַ בִּשְׁגָגָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִקְחוּ כֹפֶר לָנוּס אֶל עִיר מִקְלָטוֹ.

297. Not to neglect a person in mortal danger, as Leviticus 19:16 states: “Do not stand still in the face of mortal danger.”רצזשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲמֹד עַל הַדָּם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲמֹד עַל דַּם רֵעֶךָ.

298. Not to leave obstacles, as Deuteronomy 22:8 states: “...lest you bring blood upon your house.”רחצשֶׁלֹּא לְהָנִיחַ מִכְשׁוֹל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תָשִׂים דָּמִים בְּבֵיתֶךָ.

299. Not to mislead an unsuspecting person, as Leviticus 19:14 states: “Do not place a stumbling block before the blind.”רצטשֶׁלֹּא לְהַכְשִׁיל תָּם בַּדֶּרֶךְ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלִפְנֵי עִוֵּר לֹא תִתֵּן מִכְשׁוֹל.

300. Not to add lashes when whipping a person liable for such punishment, as Deuteronomy 25:3 states: “Do not add lashes, lest by giving him this additional punishment....”ששֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹסִיף בְּמַלְקוּת הַמְּחֻיָּב מַלְקוּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יוֹסִיף פֶּן יוֹסִיף.

301. Not to gossip, as Leviticus 19:16 states: “Do not go around as a gossiper among your people.”שאשֶׁלֹּא לְרַגֵּל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תֵלֵךְ רָכִיל בְּעַמֶּךָ.

302. Not to bear hatred in one’s heart, as Leviticus 19:17 states: “Do not hate your brother in your heart.”שבשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׂנֹא בַּלֵּב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִשְׂנָא אֶת אָחִיךָ בִּלְבָבֶךָ.

303. Not to embarrass any Jewish person, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “You shall surely rebuke your neighbor and not bear a sin because of him.”שגשֶׁלֹּא לְהַלְבִּין פְּנֵי אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הוֹכֵחַ תּוֹכִיחַ אֶת עֲמִיתֶךָ וְלֹא תִשָּׂא עָלָיו חֵטְא.

304. Not to take revenge, as Leviticus 19:18 states: “Do not take revenge.”שדשֶׁלֹּא לִנְּקֹם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִקֹּם.

305. Not to bear a grudge, as Leviticus, op. cit.,states: “Do not bear a grudge.”שהשֶׁלֹּא לִנְּטֹר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִטֹּר.

306. Not to take a mother bird together with the young, as Deuteronomy 22:6 states: “Do not take the mother bird together with the young.”שושֶׁלֹּא לִקַּח אֵם עִם הַבָּנִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִקַּח הָאֵם עַל הַבָּנִים.

307. Not to shave the hair around a bald spot brought about by tzara’at, as Leviticus 13:33 states: “And he shall not shave the bald spot.”שזשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלֵּחַ שְׂעַר הַנֶּתֶק; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת הַנֶּתֶק לֹא יְגַלֵּחַ.

308. Not to remove the signs of tzara’at, as Deuteronomy 24:8 states: “Be very careful concerning signs of tzara’at.”שחשֶׁלֹּא לִתְלשׁ סִימָנֵי צָרַעַת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִשָּׁמֶר בְּנֶגַע הַצָּרַעַת.

309. Not to till or sow the land around a powerful river at which atonement was made for an unsolved murder, as Deuteronomy 21:4 states: “...which must never be tilled and never be sown.”שטשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲבֹד וְלִזְרֹעַ בְּנַחַל אֵיתָן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֲשֶׁר לֹא יֵעָבֵד בּוֹ וְלֹא יִזָּרֵעַ.

310. For a groom not to be held liable for any type of public service—e.g., army, guarding the walls of a city, and the like—as Deuteronomy 24:5 states: “He shall not go out to the army, nor be charged with any duties.”שישֶׁלֹּא יִתְחַיֵּב חָתָן בְּדָבָר מִצָּרְכֵי רַבִּים כָּל שְׁנָתוֹ, כְּגוֹן צָבָא וּשְׁמִירַת הַחוֹמָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָהֵן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יֵצֵא בַּצָּבָא וְלֹא יַעֲבֹר עָלָיו לְכָל דָּבָר.

311. Not to allow a sorcerer to live, as Exodus 22:17 states: “Do not allow a witch to live.”שיאשֶׁלֹּא לְהַחֲיוֹת מְכַשֵּׁף; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: מְכַשֵּׁפָה לֹא תְחַיֶה.

312. Not to reject the authority of the court, as Deuteronomy 17:11 states: “Do not swerve from the word which they tell you.”שיבשֶׁלֹּא לְהַמְרוֹת עַל פִּי בֵּית דִּין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תָסוּר מִכָּל הַדָּבָר.

313. Not to add to the mitzvot of the Torah. This applies both to the Written Law and to its explanation conveyed by the oral tradition, as Deuteronomy 13:1 states: “Carefully observe everything which I command you to do. Do not add to it.”שיגשֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹסִיף עַל מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה; בֵּין תּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב, בֵּין בְּפֵרוּשָׁהּ שֶׁקִּבְּלוּ עַל פֶּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֵת כָּל הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוֶּה אֶתְכֶם אוֹתוֹ תִשְׁמְרוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת לֹא תֹסֵף עָלָיו.

314. Not to diminish from any of the mitzvot of the Torah, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not diminish from it.”שידשֶׁלֹּא לִגְּרֹעַ מִכֹּל מִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא תִגְרְעוּ מִמֶּנּוּ.

315. Not to curse a judge, as Exodus 22:27 states: “Do not curse judges.”שטושֶׁלֹּא לְקַלֵּל הַדַּיָּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֱלֹהִים לֹא תְקַלֵּל.

316. Not to curse a nasi —i.e., the king or the head of the academy in Eretz Yisrael— as Exodus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not curse the nasi of your people.”שטזשֶׁלֹּא לְקַלֵּל הַנָּשִׂיא - וְהוּא הַמֶּלֶךְ אוֹ רֹאשׁ יְשִׁיבַת אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְנָשִׂיא בְעַמְּךָ לֹא תָאֹר.

317. Not to curse any other Jew, as Leviticus 19:14 states: “Do not curse even a deaf-mute.”שיזשֶׁלֹּא לְקַלֵּל אֶחָד מִשְּׁאַר יִשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְקַלֵּל חֵרֵשׁ.

318. Not to curse one’s father or mother, as Exodus 21:17 states: “One who curses his father or mother shall surely die.”שיחשֶׁלֹּא לְקַלֵּל אָב וָאֵם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמְקַלֵּל אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת.

319. Not to strike one’s father or mother, as Exodus 21:15 states: “One who strikes his father or mother shall surely die.”שיטשֶׁלֹּא לְהַכּוֹת אָב וָאֵם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּמַכֵּה אָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ מוֹת יוּמָת.

320. Not to work on the Sabbath, as Exodus 20:10 states: “Do not do any work.”שכשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בַּשַּׁבָּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה כָל מְלָאכָה.

321. Not to travel beyond the boundaries of a city on the Sabbath as travelers do, as Exodus 16:29 states: “A person should not leave his place on the Sabbath day.”שכאשֶׁלֹּא לְהַלֵּךְ חוּץ לִתְחוּם מְדִינָה כְּהוֹלְכֵי דְּרָכִים בַּשַּׁבָּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אַל יֵצֵא אִישׁ מִמְּקוֹמוֹ.

322. For a court not to inflict punishment on the Sabbath, as Exodus 35:3 states: “Do not kindle a fire on the Sabbath day.”שכבשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲנשׁ בַּשַּׁבָּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תְבַעֲרוּ אֵשׁ בְּכֹל מוֹשְׁבוֹתֵיכֶם וְגוֹ׳.

323. Not to work on the first day of Pesach, as Leviticus 23:7 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work on these days.”שכגשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בָּרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

324. Not to work on the seventh day of Pesach, as Leviticus 23:8 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work on these days.”שכדשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בַּשְּׁבִיעִי שֶׁל פֶּסַח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

325. Not to work on the holiday of Shavuot, as Leviticus 23:21 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work.”שכהשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּחַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

326. Not to work on the first day of the seventh month the day of Rosh HaShanah, as Leviticus 23:25 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work.”שכושֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

327. Not to work on Yom Kippur, as Leviticus 23:28 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work.”שכזשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

328. Not to work on the first day of the festival of Sukkot, as Leviticus 23:35 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work.”שכחשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בָּרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

329. Not to work on the eighth day of the festival of Sukkot, as Leviticus 23:36 states concerning it: “Do not do any servile work.”שכטשֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם שְׁמִינִי שֶׁל חַג; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: כָּל מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

330. Not to have intimate relations with one’s mother, as Leviticus 18:7 states: “She is your mother, do not commit incest with her.”שלשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֵם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִמְּךָ הִיא לֹא תְגַלֶּה עֶרְוָתָהּ.

331. Not to have intimate relations with one’s sister, as Leviticus 18:9 states: “Do not commit incest with your sister, your father’s daughter.”שלאשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אָחוֹת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹתְךָ בַת אָבִיךָ וְכוּ׳ לֹא תְגַלֶּה.

332. Not to have intimate relations with one’s father’s wife, as Leviticus 18:8 states: “Do not commit incest with your father’s wife.”שלבשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אָבִיךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

333. Not to have intimate relations with a sister, the daughter of either your father or your mother, as Leviticus 18:11 states: “She is the daughter of your father, your father’s progeny, do not commit incest with her.”שלגשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אָחוֹת מִן הָאָב וּמִן הָאֵם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת בַּת אֵשֶׁת אָבִיךָ מוֹלֶדֶת אָבִיךָ אֲחוֹתְךָ הִיא לֹא תְגַלֶּה עֶרְוָתָהּ.

334. Not to have intimate relations with one’s son’s daughter, as Leviticus 18:10 states: “ Do not commit incest with your son’s daughter.”שלדשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת בַּת הַבֵּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת בַּת בִּנְךָ וְכוּ׳.

335. Not to have intimate relations with one’s daughter’s daughter, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...and do not commit incest with your daughter’s daughter.”שלהשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת בַּת הַבַּת; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אוֹ בַת בִּתְּךָ לֹא תְגַלֶּה עֶרְוָתָן.

336. Not to have intimate relations with one’s daughter. Why was this prohibition not explicitly stated in the Torah? Since the Torah forbade intimate relations with one’s daughter’s daughter, it did not mention the prohibition against intimate relations with one’s daughter. Nevertheless, according to the oral tradition, the prohibition against relations with one’s daughter has the status of a Torah law like the other sexual offences and is not considered as Rabbinic in origin.שלושֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת הַבַּת. וְלָמָּה לֹא נִתְפָּרְשָׁה בַּתּוֹרָה? מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָסַר בַּת הַבַּת - שָׁתַק מִן הַבַּת; וּמִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁאִסּוּר הַבַּת מִגּוּפֵי תּוֹרָה כִּשְׁאָר עֲרָיוֹת.

337. Not to have intimate relations with a woman and her daughter, as Leviticus 18:17 states: “Do not commit incest by marrying a woman and her daughter.”שלזשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

338. Not to have intimate relations with a woman and her son’s daughter, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...her son’s daughter....”שלחשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אִשָּׁה וּבַת בְּנָהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶת בַּת בְּנָהּ וְכוּ׳.

339. Not to have intimate relations with a woman and her daughter’s daughter, as Leviticus, op. cit.,continues: “...her daughter’s daughter... you shall not take.”שלטשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אִשָּׁה וּבַת בִּתָּהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת בַּת בִּתָּהּ לֹא תִקַּח וְכוּ׳.

340. Not to have intimate relations with one’s father’s sister, as Leviticus 18:12 states: “Do not commit incest with your father’s sister.”שמשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹת הָאָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹת אָבִיךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

341. Not to have intimate relations with one’s mother’s sister, as Leviticus 18:13 states: “Do not commit incest with your mother’s sister.”שמאשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹת הָאֵם; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹת אִמְּךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

342. Not to have intimate relations with the wife of one’s father’s brother, as Leviticus 18:14 states: “Do not commit incest with his wife. She is your aunt. ”שמבשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אֲחִי הָאָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶל אִשְׁתּוֹ לֹא תִקְרָב דֹדָתְךָ הִיא.

343. Not to have intimate relations with one’s son’s wife, as Leviticus 18:15 states: “Do not commit incest with your daughter-in-law.”שמגשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת הַבֵּן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת כַּלָּתְךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

344. Not to have intimate relations with one’s brother’s wife, as Leviticus 18:16 states: “Do not commit incest with your brother’s wife.”שדמשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אָח; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אָחִיךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

345. Not to have intimate relations with one’s wife’s sister, as Leviticus 18:18 states: “Do not take a woman as a wife together with her sister.”שמהשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ לֹא תִקָּח.

346. Not to have intimate relations with a woman in the niddah state, as Leviticus 18:19 states: “Do not come close to a woman in the niddah state of impurity.”שמושֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת נִדָּה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶל אִשָּׁה בְּנִדַּת טֻמְאָתָהּ לֹא תִקְרַב.

347. Not to have intimate relations with a married woman, as Leviticus 18:20 states: “Do not lie carnally with your neighbor’s wife.”שמזשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶל אֵשֶׁת עֲמִיתְךָ.

348. Not to perform a sexual act with an animal, as Leviticus 18:23 states: “And do not lie carnally with any animal.”שמחשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁכַּב עִם בְּהֵמָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְכָל בְּהֵמָה לֹא תִתֵּן שְׁכָבְתְּךָ לְטָמְאָה בָהּ.

349. For a woman not to perform a sexual act with an animal, as Leviticus 18:23 continues: “...and a woman should not present herself to an animal for sexual purposes.”שמטשֶׁלֹּא תָבִיא אִשָּׁה בְהֵמָה עָלֶיהָ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאִשָּׁה לֹא תַעֲמֹד לִפְנֵי בְהֵמָה וְכוּ׳.

350. Not to commit sodomy, as Leviticus 18:22 states: “And do not lie with a male....”שנשֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁכַּב עִם זָכוּר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאֶת זָכָר לֹא תִשְׁכַּב.

351. Not to commit sodomy with one’s father, as Leviticus 18:7 states: “Do not commit a sexual offense with your father.”שנאשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת הָאָב עַצְמוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אָבִיךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

352. Not to commit sodomy with one’s father’s brother, as Leviticus 18:14 states: “Do not commit a sexual offense with your father’s brother.”שנבשֶׁלֹּא לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוַת אֲחִי הָאָב עַצְמוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: עֶרְוַת אֲחִי אָבִיךָ לֹא תְגַלֵּה.

353. Not to be intimate with a woman with whom sexual relations are forbidden in matters that might lead to intercourse—e.g., embracing, kissing, winks, or signs—as Leviticus 18:6 states: “No person shall approach a close relative to commit a sexual offense.” Based on the oral tradition, we have learned that this prohibits intimacy that might lead to sexual relations.שנגשֶׁלֹּא לִקָּרֵב לָעֲרָיוֹת בִּדְבָרִים הַמְּבִיאִים לִידֵי גִּלּוּי עֶרְוָה, כְּגוֹן חִבּוּק וְנִשּׁוּק וּרְמִיזָה וּקְפִיצָה; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶל כָּל שְׁאֵר בְּשָׂרוֹ לֹא תִקְרְבוּ לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוָה; מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁזּוֹ אַזְהָרָה לִקְרֵבָה הַמְּבִיאָה לִידֵי גִּלּוּי עֶרְוָה.

354. For a mamzer not to marry a natural born Jewess, as Deuteronomy 23:31 states: “A mamzer may not enter God’s congregation.”שנדשֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׂא מַמְזֵר בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָבֹא מַמְזֵר בִּקְהַל יְיָ.

355. For there not to be a kedeishah —i.e., a woman who engages in intimate relations without a marriage contract and a marriage ceremony— among the Jewish people, as Deuteronomy 23:18 states: “There shall not be a kedeishah....” שנהשֶׁלֹּא תִהְיֶה ״קְדֵשָׁה״ - וְהִיא הַנִּבְעֶלֶת בְּלֹא כְתֻבָּה וְקִדּוּשִׁין; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִהְיֶה קְדֵשָׁה.

356. For a man who is divorced not to remarry his divorcee after she marries anyone else, as Deuteronomy 24:4 states: “Her first husband who divorced her may not take her as a wife again.”שנושֶׁלֹּא יַחֲזִיר הַמְּגָרֵשׁ גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ אַחַר שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יוּכַל בַּעֲלָהּ וְכוּ׳.

357. For a yevamah not to marry anyone other than her yavam, as Deuteronomy 25:5 states: “The wife of the deceased shall not....”שנזשֶׁלֹּא תִנָּשֵׂא הַיְּבָמָה לְאַחֵר חוּץ מִיְּבָמָהּ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה.

358. For a rapist not to divorce the woman he raped, as Deuteronomy 22:29 states: “He may not send her away for his entire life.”שנחשֶׁלֹּא יְגָרֵשׁ הָאֹנֶס אֲנֻסָּתוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יוּכַל שַׁלְּחָהּ כָּל יָמָיו.

359. For a person who defamed his wife’s character not to divorce her, as Deuteronomy 22:19 states: “He may not send her away for his entire life.”שנטשֶׁלֹּא יְגָרֵשׁ מוֹצִיא שֵׁם רַע אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ: לֹא יוּכַל לְשַׁלְחָהּ כָּל יָמָיו.

360. For a man incapable of procreation not to marry a natural born Jewess, as Deuteronomy 23:2 states: “A man with crushed testicles... may not enter God’s congregation.”שסשֶׁלֹּא יִקַּח סָרִיס בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יָבֹא פְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וְכוּ׳.

361. Not to castrate a male from any species—neither a human, a domestic animal, a wild beast, nor a bird, as Leviticus 22:24 states: “You shall not do this in your land.”שסאשֶׁלֹּא לְסָרֵס זָכָר מִכָּל הַמִּינִים, לֹא אָדָם וְלֹא בְהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְאַרְצְכֶם לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.

362. Not to appoint a convert to a position of authority over the Jewish people, as Deuteronomy 17:15 states: “You may not appoint a foreigner over you.”שסבשֶׁלֹּא לְמַנּוֹת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ מִקְּהַל גֵּרִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא תוּכַל לָתֵת עָלֶיךָ אִישׁ נָכְרִי.

363. For a king not to accumulate many horses, as Deuteronomy 17:16 states: “And he may not accumulate many horses.”שסגשֶׁלֹּא יַרְבֶּה הַמֶּלֶךְ סוּסִים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: לֹא יַרְבֶּה לוֹ סוּסִים.

364. For a king not to accumulate many wives, as Deuteronomy 17:17 states: “And he may not accumulate many wives.”שסדשֶׁלֹּא יַרְבֶּה הַמֶּלֶךְ נָשִׁים; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלֹא יַרְבֶּה לוֹ נָשִׁים.

365. For a king not to accumulate much silver and gold, as Deuteronomy, op. cit.,continues: “And he may not accumulate very much silver and gold.”שסהשֶׁלֹּא יַרְבֶּה לוֹ כֶּסֶף וְזָהָב; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכֶסֶף וְזָהָב לֹא יַרְבֶּה לוֹ מְאֹד.

These 613 mitzvot were given to Moses on Mount Sinai together with their general principles, particular points, and details. These general principles, particular points, and details represent the Oral Law, which each court received from the previous court.אֵלּוּ הֵן תַּרְיַ"ג מִצְווֹת שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרוּ לוֹ לְמשֶׁה בְּסִינַי, הֵן וּכְלָלוֹתֵיהֶן וּפְרָטוֹתֵיהֶן וְדִקְדּוּקֵיהֶן. כָּל אוֹתָם הַכְּלָלוֹת וְהַפְּרָטוֹת וְהַדִּקְדּוּקִין וְהַבֵּאוּרִין שֶׁל כָּל מִצְוָה וּמִצְוָה – הִיא "תוֹרָה שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה" שֶׁקִּבְּלוּ בֵּית דִּין מִפִּי בֵּית דִּין.

There are also other commandments that were instituted after the giving of the Torah. They were established by the Prophets and Sages and disseminated throughout Israel, for example, the reading of the Megillah, lighting a Chanukah lamp, fasting on Tish’ah b’Av, setting up eruvim, and washing one’s hands in preparation for prayer and eating. Each of these commandments also possesses explanatory aspects and details. All of this will be explained in this text.וְיֵשׁ מִצְווֹת אֲחֵרוֹת שֶׁנִּתְחַדְּשׁוּ אַחַר מַתַּן תּוֹרָה, וְקָבְעוּ אוֹתָן נְבִיאִים וַחֲכָמִים וּפָשְׁטוּ בְּכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל; כְּגוֹן: מִקְרָא מְגִלָּה, וְנֵר חֲנֻכָּה, וְתַעֲנִית תִּשְׁעָה בְאָב, וְעֵרוּבִין וְיָדָיִם. וְיֵשׁ לְכָל מִצְוָה וּמִצְוָה מֵאֵלּוּ פֵּרוּשִׁין וְדִקְדּוּקִין - הַכֹּל יִתְבָּאֵר בְּחִבּוּר זֶה.

We are obligated to accept and observe all these commandments which the Rabbis instituted, as implied by Deuteronomy 17:11: “Do not deviate from the instructions that they will give you, left or right.”כָּל אֵלּוּ הַמִּצְווֹת שֶׁנִּתְחַדְּשׁוּ - חַיָּבִים אָנוּ לְקַבְּלָן וּלְשָׁמְרָן; שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: "לֹא תָסוּר מִן הַדָּבָר וְגוֹ'".

They are not considered to be additions to the commandments of the Torah. If so, what was the intention of the Torah’s warning (Deuteronomy 13:11): “Do not add to it and do not detract from it”? That a prophet is not permitted to introduce a new measure and say that the Holy One, blessed be He, commanded this mitzvah to us and that it should be added to the Torah’s mitzvot, or say that He commanded that we eliminate one of the 613 mitzvot mentioned above.וְאֵינָן תּוֹסֶפֶת עַל מִצְווֹת הַתּוֹרָה. וְעַל מָה הִזְהִירָה תוֹרָה "לֹא תֹסֵף עָלָיו וְלֹא תִגְרַע מִמֶּנּוּ"? - שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא נָבִיא רַשַּׁאי לְחַדֵּשׁ דָּבָר וְלוֹמַר, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא צִוָּהוּ בְּמִצְוָה זוֹ לְהוֹסִיפָהּ לְמִצְוֹת הַתּוֹרָה, אוֹ לְחַסֵּר אַחַת מֵאֵלּוּ הַשֵּׁשׁ מֵאוֹת וּשְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִצְווֹת.

However, if a court, together with the prophet of that age, adds a commandment as an ordinance, a lesson, or as a decree, this is not considered as an addition. He is not saying that the Holy One, blessed be He, commanded us to make an eruv or read the Megillah at its appointed time. Were he to say so, he would be adding to the Torah.אֲבָל אִם הוֹסִיפוּ בֵית דִּין עִם נָבִיא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בְאוֹתוֹ הַזְּמָן מִצְוָה דֶּרֶךְ תַּקָּנָה, אוֹ דֶּרֶךְ הוֹרָאָה, אוֹ דֶּרֶךְ גְּזֵרָה - אֵין זוֹ תּוֹסֶפֶת; שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא אָמְרוּ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא צִוָּה לַעֲשׂוֹת עֵרוּב אוֹ לִקְרוֹת הַמְּגִלָּה בְּעוֹנָתָהּ. וְאִלּוּ אָמְרוּ כֵן - הָיוּ מוֹסִיפִין עַל הַתּוֹרָה!

Instead, we are saying that the prophets and the courts ordained and commanded that the Megillah be read at its appointed time in order to recall the praise of the Holy One, blessed be He, the salvation He wrought for us, and His response to our cries, so that we will bless Him, extol Him, and inform the future generations of the truth of the Torah’s promise (Deuteronomy 4:7): “What nation is so great that it has God close to it.... ”אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָנוּ אוֹמְרִים: שֶׁהַנְּבִיאִים עִם בֵּית דִּין, תִּקְּנוּ וְצִוּוּ לִקְרוֹת הַמְּגִלָּה בְּעוֹנָתָהּ, כְּדֵי לְהַזְכִּיר שְׁבָחָיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וּתְשׁוּעוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה לָנוּ וְהָיָה קָרוֹב לְשַׁוְעָתֵנוּ, כְּדֵי לְבָרְכוֹ וּלְהַלְּלוֹ וּכְדֵי לְהוֹדִיעַ לַדּוֹרוֹת הַבָּאִים שֶׁאֱמֶת מַה שֶׁהִבְטִיחָנוּ בַתּוֹרָה "כִּי מִי גוֹי גָּדוֹל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ אֱלֹהִים וְגוֹ'".

Similar principles apply with regard to all the other Rabbinic commandments, be they positive commandments or negative commandments.וְעַל דֶּרֶךְ זוֹ הִיא כָל מִצְוָה וּמִצְוָה שֶׁהִיא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, בֵּין עֲשֵׂה בֵּין לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

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