1When a man redeems his produce for the second tithe for himself - whether it is from his own crops, he acquired it as an inheritance, or it was given to him while tevel as we explained, he must add a fifth of the new total. Thus if it was worth four, he should give five, as Leviticus 27:31 states: “If a man will redeem from his tithes, he shall add a fifth to it.”אהַפּוֹדֶה מַעַשְׂרוֹ לְעַצְמוֹ - בֵּין שֶׁהוּא שֶׁלּוֹ, בֵּין שֶׁנָּפַל לוֹ בִּירֻשָּׁה, בֵּין שֶׁנִּתַּן לוֹ בְּטִבְלוֹ מַתָּנָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ - הֲרֵי זֶה מוֹסִיף עָלָיו חֹמֶשׁ. אִם הָיָה שָׁוֶה אַרְבָּעָה - נוֹתֵן חֲמִשָּׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאִם גָּאֹל יִגְאַל אִישׁ מִמַּעַשְׂרוֹ חֲמִשִׁיתוֹ יֹסֵף עָלָיו" (ויקרא כז, לא).
2When a woman redeems produce for the second tithe that she separated, she is not required to add a fifth. According to the Oral Tradition, we have learned: “If a man will redeem from his tithes,” excluding a woman.בוְאִשָּׁה שֶׁפָּדָת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁלָּהּ לְעַצְמָהּ, אֵינָהּ מוֹסִיפָה חֹמֶשׁ. מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ "אִישׁ מִמַּעַשְׂרוֹ" - וְלֹא אִשָּׁה.
Similarly, if a man redeems money used to redeem produce from the second tithe for himself, he must add a fifth.וְכֵן אִם פָּדָה פִּדְיוֹן פֵּרוֹת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר לְעַצְמוֹ, מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ.
3When a person redeems the produce of his second tithe and adds a fifth, and then redeems the money itself a second time, he must add a second fifth of the principal alone. He need not add a fifth for the original fifth. גפָּדָה פֵּרוֹת מַעַשְׂרוֹ, וְהוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ, וְחָזַר וּפָדָה הַפִּדְיוֹן לְעַצְמוֹ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה - מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ שֵׁנִי עַל הַקֶּרֶן בִּלְבָד, וְאֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ עַל הַחֹמֶשׁ.
4When the fifth of the produce of the second tithe is not worth a p’rutah, the person redeeming it need not add a fifth.דמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁאֵין בְּחֻמְשׁוֹ פְּרוּטָה, אֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף עָלָיו חֹמֶשׁ.
Similarly, when the worth of the produce of the second tithe is unknown, it is sufficient for him to say: “The holiness of the produce and fnits fifth are transferred to this sela.” וְכֵן מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁאֵין דָּמָיו יְדוּעִין, דַּיּוֹ שֶׁיֹּאמַר 'הוּא וְחֻמְשׁוֹ מְחֻלָּל עַל הַסֶּלַע הַזּוֹ'.
Whenever a person does not redeem produce from the second tithe with his own money, he need not add a fifth.וְכָל מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁהוּא אֵינוֹ פוֹדֵיהוּ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, אֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ.
When one redeems produce from the second tithe that is demai, he need not add a fifth. וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל דְמַאי, אֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף עָלָיו חֹמֶשׁ.
5When a person is redeeming produce of the second tithe and he has other produce from the second tithe that was not redeemed whose fifth is not worth a p’rutah, it is sufficient for him to say: “The holiness of it and its fifth are transferred to the money set aside originally.” This leniency is granted, because it is impossible to require a person to be precise with his money. ההַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, וְהָיָה לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדָּה, אִם אֵין בְּחֻמְשׁוֹ שָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה - דַּיּוֹ שֶׁיֹּאמַר 'הוּא וְחֻמְשׁוֹ מְחֻלָּל עַל מָעוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לָאָדָם לְצַמְצֵם אֶת מָעוֹתָיו.
6When a person redeems produce from the second tithe for more than its worth, that additional value is not considered as money from the second tithe.ווְהַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר בְּיוֹתֵר עַל דָּמָיו, לֹא נִתְפְּסָה הַתּוֹסֶפֶת לַמַּעֲשֵׂר.
7When the owner of the produce bids a sela to redeem it and another person also bids a sela, the owner is given precedence, because he is required to add a fifth.זבַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹמֵר 'בְּסֶלַע', וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר 'בְּסֶלַע' - בַּעַל הַבַּיִת קוֹדֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ.
If, however, the owner bids a sela and another person bids a sela and a p’rutah, that other person is given precedence, because he increases the principal. בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹמֵר 'בְּסֶלַע', וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר 'בְּסֶלַע וּפְרוּטָה' - הָאַחֵר קוֹדֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוֹסִיף עַל הַקֶּרֶן.
8It is permitted to act “guilefully” with regard to the redemption of produce of the second tithe.חמֻתָּר לְהַעֲרִים עַל פִּדְיוֹן מַעַשְׂרוֹ.
What is implied? A person may tell his son or daughter who are beyond majority or his Hebrew servant: “Here is this money. Use it to redeem this produce from the second tithe,” so that they will not have to add a fifth.כֵּיצַד? אוֹמֵר אָדָם לִבְנוֹ וּלְבִתּוֹ הַגְּדוֹלִים וּלְעַבְדוֹ הָעִבְרִי 'הֵא לְךָ אֶת הַמָּעוֹת הָאֵלּוּ וּפְדֵה לְךָ בָּהֶן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר' - כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ.
He should not say, however: “Use them to redeem it for me.”אֲבָל לֹא יֹאמַר לוֹ 'פְּדֵה לִי בָּהֶן'.
Similarly, he is not required to add a fifth if he tells them: “Redeem it for me using your money.” וְכֵן אִם אָמַר לוֹ 'פְּדֵה לְךָ מִשֶּׁלְּךָ' - אֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ.
9He should not, however, give money to redeem the produce to one of his sons or daughters who are below majority or to his Canaanite servants or maid-servants, because they do not have an independent financial capacity.טאֲבָל לֹא יִתֵּן הַמָּעוֹת לִפְדּוֹת לִבְנוֹ וּבִתּוֹ הַקְּטַנִּים, לְעַבְדוֹ וְשִׁפְחָתוֹ הַכְּנַעֲנִים - מִפְּנֵי שֶׁיָּדָן כְּיָדוֹ.
If he gave the money to his Hebrew maidservant, his words are effective if the obligation to separate the second tithe from this produce is Rabbinic in origin, e.g., produce grew in a flowerpot without a hole. The rationale is that a Hebrew maidservant is a minor and a minor can acquire property for others only with regard to matters of Rabbinic Law . נָתַן לְשִׁפְחָתוֹ הָעִבְרִיָּה - אִם מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי זֶה מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה מֵעָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב - דְּבָרָיו קַיָּמִין; שֶׁאָמָה עִבְרִיָּה קְטַנָּה הִיא, וְהַקָּטָן אֵינוֹ זוֹכֶה לַאֲחֵרִים אֶלָא בְּדָבָר שֶׁהוּא מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם.
10Similarly, a person may act with guile and give produce from the second tithe as a present while it is still tevel and while giving it say: “The holiness from the second tithe of this produce is transferred to the money I have at home.” יוְכֵן מַעֲרִים, וְנוֹתֵן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר מַתָּנָה כְּשֶׁהוּא בְּטִבְלוֹ; וְאוֹמֵר הַנּוֹתֵן 'הֲרֵי הַפֵּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ מְחֻלָּלִין עַל מָעוֹת שֶׁבְּבֵיתִי'.
11Two brothers, two partners, a father and his son, may redeem produce from the second tithe for each other so that they will not have to add a fifth. יאשְׁנֵי אַחִים, שֵׁנִי שֻׁתָּפִין, אָב וּבְנוֹ - פּוֹדִין זֶה לְזֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יוֹסִיפוּ חֹמֶשׁ.
When a woman brings produce from the second tithe to her husband’s home, the husband does not acquire it as his own, since it belongs to the Most High, as we explained.אִשָּׁה שֶׁהִכְנִיסָה לְבַעְלָהּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, הוֹאִיל וְהוּא מָמוֹן גָּבוֹהַּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ - לֹא קָנָה בַּעַל.
Therefore, if he redeems it, he need not add a
fifth.לְפִיכָךְ אִם פָּדָה אוֹתוֹ, אֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ.
12A person who redeems produce from the second tithe for himself who paid the principal, but did not pay the additional fifth should not partake of the produce until he pays the fifth. This applies even on the Sabbath. And it applies even though the payment of the fifth does not hold back the transfer of holiness from the produce to the coins. Indeed, that transfer takes place. This restriction is a decree, lest the person be negligent and fail to pay.יבהַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לְעַצְמוֹ, וְנָתַן אֶת הַקֶּרֶן וְלֹא נָתַן אֶת הַחֹמֶשׁ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין הַחֹמֶשׁ מְעַכֵּב, וַהֲרֵי נִתְחַלֵּל - לֹא יֵאָכֵל עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן הַחֹמֶשׁ, וְאַפִלּוּ בַּשַּׁבָּת. גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִפְשַׁע וְלֹא יִתֵּן.
13If a person desires to exchange money from the redemption of the second tithe for golden dinarim, so that his burden will be lighter, he may. Even if he exchanged the two with his own money, he need not add a fifth, for this is not considered as redemption.יגמְעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי: אִם רָצָה לְצָרְפָן בְּדֵינָרֵי זָהָב כְּדֵי לְהָקֵל מַשָּׂאָן, מְצָרֵף; וְאִם צֵרְפָן לְעַצְמוֹ - אֵינוֹ מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ, שֶׁאֵין זֶה דֶּרֶךְ פְּדִיָּה.
14When a person exchanges a sela of money from the second tithe - whether in Jerusalem or outside the city - he should not exchange it entirely for brass coins. Instead, it should be divided into a shekel’s worth of silver coins and a shekel’s worth of brass coins.ידהַפּוֹרֵט סֶלַע מִמְּעוֹת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, בֵּין בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם בֵּין חוּץ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם - לֹא יְצָרְפֶנָהּ כֻּלָּהּ בִּמְעוֹת הַנְּחֹשֶׁת, אֶלָא בְּשֶׁקֶל מְעוֹת כֶּסֶף וּבְשֶׁקֶל מְעוֹת נְחֹשֶׁת.
15It is permissible to transfer the holiness of money of the second tithe together with produce from the second tithe to money, provided the produce is worth less than a dinar.טומֻתָּר לְחַלֵּל כֶּסֶף מַעֲשֵׂר עִם פֵּרוֹת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר עַל הַכֶּסֶף - וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בַּפֵּרוֹת, פָּחוֹת מִשָׁוֶה דִּינָר.
If, however, the produce is worth a dinar, its holiness should not be transferred together with that of money. Instead, it should be transferred by itself.אֲבָל אִם הָיָה שָׁוֶה דִּינָר - לֹא יְחַלֵּל אוֹתָן עִם הַכֶּסֶף, אֶלָא בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן.
What is implied? A person possessed produce that was worth a dinar and three dinarim that were of the second tithe, he may not transfer the holiness of the entire amount to one sela.כֵּיצַד? הָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת שָׁוֶה דִּינָר, וּשְׁלוֹשָׁה דִּינְרֵין שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי - אֵינוֹ מְחַלֵּל הַכֹּל עַל סֶלַע אַחַת.
If, however, he has a half a dinar of produce and a half a dinar of money, he may transfer the holiness of both to one dinar.אֲבָל אִם הָיָה לוֹ חֲצִי דִּינָר פֵּרוֹת, וַחֲצִי דִּינָר מָעוֹת - מְחַלֵּל שְׁנֵיהֶם עַל דִּינָר אֶחָד.