The Laws of the Sacrificial Proceduresהִלְכוֹת מַעֲשֵׂה הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת
They contain 23 mitzvot: ten positive commandments and thirteen negative commandments. They are:יֵשׁ בִּכְלָלָן שָׁלוֹשׁ וְעֶשְׂרִים מִצְווֹת - עֶשֶׂר מִצְווֹת עֲשֵׂה, וּשְׁלוֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִצְווֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְזֶה הוּא פְּרָטָן:
1) To offer a burnt-offering according to the procedures written in the Torah following the order stated; 2) Not to partake of the meat of a burnt-offering; 3) The order of bringing a sin-offering; 4) Not to partake of the meat of a sin-offering whose blood was sprinkled inside the Temple building; 5) Not to separate the head from the body of a fowl brought as a sin-offering from its body; 6) The order of bringing a guilt-offering; 7) That the priests should partake of the meat of the sacrifices of the most sacred order in the Temple; 8) That such meat should not be eaten outside the Temple courtyard; 9)That a non-priest should not partake of the meat of the sacrifices of the most sacred order; 10) The order of bringing a peace-offering; 11) That the meat of sacrifices of the less sacred order should not be eaten before their blood was sprinkled on the altar; 12) To offer a meal-offering according to the procedures written in the Torah; 13) Not to pour oil on a meal-offering brought by a sinner; 14) Not to place frankincense on such an offering; 15) Not to partake of a meal-offering brought by a priest; 16) Not to bake a meal-offering so that it leavens; 17) That the priests should partake of the remaining portions of the meal offering; 18) That every person should bring the sacrifices that he vowed and pledged to bring on the pilgrimage festival that comes directly after his pledge; 19) That one should not delay bringing sacrifices he vowed or pledged or any other obligation incumbent upon him; 20) To offer all the sacrifices in God’s chosen house; 21) To bring sacrifices consecrated in the Diaspora to God’s chosen house; 22) Not to slaughter sacrificial animals outside the Temple Courtyard; 23) Not to offer a sacrifice outside the Temple Courtyard.(א) לַעֲשׂוֹת הָעוֹלָה כְּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ הַכְּתוּבִים עַל הַסֵּדֶר; (ב) שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר עוֹלָה; (ג) סֵדֶר הַחַטָּאת; (ד) שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל מִבְּשַׂר חַטָּאת הַפְּנִימִית; (ה) שֶׁלֹּא יַבְדִּיל בְּחַטַּאת הָעוֹף; (ו) סֵדֶר הָאָשָׁם; (ז) שֶׁיֹּאכְלוּ הַכּוֹהֲנִים בְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ; (ח) שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכְלוּם חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה; (ט) שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל זָר מִקָּדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים; (י) סֵדֶר הַשְּׁלָמִים; (יא) שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּשַׂר קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים קֹדֶם זְרִיקַת דָּמִים; (יב) לַעֲשׂוֹת כָּל מִנְחָה כְּסֵדֶר מַעֲשֶׂיהָ הַכְּתוּבִים בַּתּוֹרָה; (יג) שֶׁלֹּא יָשִׂים שֶׁמֶן עַל מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא; (יד) שֶׁלֹּא יִתֵּן עָלֶיהָ לְבוֹנָה; (טו) שֶׁלֹּא תֵאָכֵל מִנְחַת כּוֹהֵן; (טז) שֶׁלֹּא תֵאָפֶה מִנְחַת חָמֵץ; (יז) שֶׁיֹּאכְלוּ הַכּוֹהֲנִים שְׁיָרֵי מְנָחוֹת; (יח) שֶׁיָּבִיא אָדָם כָּל נְדָרָיו וְנִדְבוֹתָיו בָּרֶגֶל שֶׁפָּגַע בּוֹ רִאשׁוֹן; (יט) שֶׁלֹּא יְאַחֵר נִדְרוֹ וְנִדְבָתוֹ וּשְׁאָר דְּבָרִים שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב בָּהֶן; (כ) לְהַקְרִיב כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת בְּבֵית הַבְּחִירָה;
(כא) לְהָבִיא קָדְשֵׁי חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ לְבֵית הַבְּחִירָה; (כב) שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁחֹט קָרְבָּנוֹת חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה; (כג) שֶׁלֹּא לְהַקְרִיב קָרְבָּן חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה.
These mitzvos are explained in the ensuing chapters.וּבֵאוּר מִצְווֹת אֵלּוּ בִּפְרָקִים אֵלּוּ.
1All of the sacrifices of living animals comes from five species alone: a) cattle, b) sheep, c) goats,
d) turtle doves, and e) small doves.1אכָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת שֶׁל מִינֵי נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, בָּאִין מֵחֲמִשָּׁה מִינִין בִּלְבַד: מִן הַבָּקָר, וּמִן הַכְּבָשִׂים, וּמִן הָעִזִּים, וּמִן הַתּוֹרִים, וּמִן בְּנֵי הַיּוֹנָה.
2All of the sacrifices—whether those brought by the community or by individuals—are of four types:
a) burnt-offerings, b) sin-offerings, c) guilt-offerings, and d) peace-offerings.בוְכָל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת בֵּין שֶׁל צִּבּוּר בֵּין שֶׁל יָּחִיד, אַרְבָּעָה מִינִין: עוֹלָה, וְחַטָּאת, וְאָשָׁם, וּשְׁלָמִים.
3There are also three other types of individual sacrifices: a) the Paschal sacrifice, b) the sacrifice of the firstborn,2 and c) the tithe3 sacrifice.4גוְעוֹד יֵשׁ שָׁם שְׁלוֹשָׁה מִינֵי קָרְבַּן יָחִיד, וְהֵן: הַפֶּסַח, וְהַבְּכוֹר, וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר.
4All of the communal offerings are burnt-offerings or sin-offerings. There are no communal peace-offerings except the two sheep offered with the bread that is waved on Shavuot.5 They are called “the sacrifices of communal peace offerings.”דכָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר הֵן עוֹלָה אוֹ חַטָּאת. וְאֵין בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר שְׁלָמִים, חוּץ מִשְּׁנֵי כְּבָשִׂים הַבָּאִים עִם לֶחֶם הַתְּנוּפָה בָּעֲצֶרֶת, וְהֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין 'זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר'.
The community never offers a guilt offering, nor a fowl.וְאֵין הַצִּבּוּר מַקְרִיבִין אָשָׁם לְעוֹלָם, וְלֹא עוֹף.
5The communal offerings are the two temidim6 offered every day,7 the additional offerings of the Sabbaths,8 Rashei Chodashim, and the festivals,9 and the sin-offering of a goat brought on Yom Kippur.10הקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר הֵן: שְׁנֵי תְמִידִין שֶׁל כָל יוֹם, וּמוּסְפֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת, וְרָאשֵׁי חֳדָשִׁים, וְהַמּוֹעֲדוֹת, וּשְׂעִיר חַטָּאת שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים.
Similarly, if the High Court11 inadvertently gave an erroneous ruling with regard to the worship of false deities, every tribe is required to bring a bull and a goat. The bull is brought as a burnt-offering and the goat as a sin-offering. These goats are called “the goats of false deities.”וְכֵן אִם שָׁגְגוּ בֵּית דִּין, וְהוֹרוּ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה - מֵבִיא כָּל שֵׁבֶט וְשֵׁבֶט פַּר וְשָׂעִיר, הַפָּר עוֹלָה וְהַשָּׂעִיר חַטָּאת. וְאֵלּוּ הַשְּׂעִירִים הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין 'שְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה'.
If they inadvertently gave an erroneous ruling with regard to other mitzvot, they bring a bull as a sin-offering. It is called “the bull associated with the overlooking of a matter by the community.”12וְאִם שָׁגְגוּ וְהוֹרוּ בִּשְׁאָר הַמִּצְווֹת - מְבִיאִין פַּר לְחַטָּאת, וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא 'פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִּבּוּר'.
6The sacrifices brought by individuals include: a) the firstborn offerings,13 b) the tithe offerings,14 c) the Paschal offerings,15 d) the chagigah offerings, i.e., the peace offerings brought in association with the pilgrimage festivals, e) the pilgrimage offering which is a burnt-offering,16 f) the sacrifice brought by a convert, that involves a burnt-offering from a domesticated animal, two small doves or two turtle doves; both of them are burnt-offerings, or two domesticated animals, one as a burnt-offering and one as a peace-offering,17 g) one who vows18 or pledges19 a burnt-offering or a peace offering,20 h) peace-offerings that are accompanied by bread; they are called thanksgiving offerings,21וקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד הֵן: הַבְּכוֹר; וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר; וְהַפֶּסַח; וְהַחֲגִיגָה וְהִיא שְׁלָמִים; וְהָרְאִיָּה, וְהִיא עוֹלוֹת; וְקָרְבַּן הַגֵּר, וְהוּא עוֹלָה מִן הַבְּהֵמָה, אוֹ שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי יוֹנָה אוֹ שְׁתֵּי תּוֹרִים וּשְׁנֵיהֶן עוֹלָה, אוֹ שְׁתֵּי בְּהֵמוֹת, אַחַת עוֹלָה וְאַחַת שְׁלָמִים; וְהַנּוֹדֵר אוֹ הַמִּתְנַדֵּב עוֹלָה אוֹ שְׁלָמִים; וּשְׁלָמִים הַבָּאִין עִם הַלֶּחֶם, הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין 'תּוֹדָה'.
i) the sacrifices of a nazirite,22 which are a burnt-offering, a sin-offering, and a peace-offering,23 j) the sacrifices of a metzora,24 which are a sin-offering, and a guilt-offering, and a burnt-offering,25 k) the sacrifices of a zav26 a zavah,27 and a women after childbirth; they are a sin-offering and a burnt-offering,28 l) the sacrifice brought by a person who inadvertently violated a negative commandment punishable by karet;29 it is a sin-offering,30וְכֵן קָרְבְּנוֹת הַנָּזִיר, וְהֵן עוֹלָה וְחַטָּאת וּשְׁלָמִים; וְקָרְבְּנוֹת מְצֹרָע, וְהֵן חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם וְעוֹלָה; וְקָרְבְּנוֹת זָבִים וְיוֹלְדוֹת, וְהֵן חַטָּאת וְעוֹלָה; וְקָרְבַּן הַשּׁוֹגֵג בְּמִצְוַת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ כָּרֵת, וְהוּא חַטָּאת;
m) if a person was unsure of whether he transgressed or not, that transgressor brings a guilt-offering; it is called a conditional guilt-offering,31 n) there are certain sins32 for which one brings a guilt-offering to atone for their transgression; this is called a definite guilt-offering, o) similarly, the ram brought as a burnt-offering and the bull the High Priest brings from his own resources as a sin-offering on Yom Kippur,33 are individual offerings; the bull is called “the bull of Yom Kippur.”וְאִם נִסְתַּפֵּק לוֹ אִם עָשָׂה אוֹ לֹא עָשָׂה אוֹתוֹ הַחֵטְא - מֵבִיא אָשָׁם, וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא 'אָשָׁם תָּלוּי'; וְיֵשׁ עֲבֵרוֹת שֶׁמֵּבִיא עֲלֵיהֶן אָשָׁם, וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא 'אָשָׁם וַדַּאי'. וְכֵן אֵיל הָעוֹלָה וּפַר הַחַטָּאת, שֶׁמַּקְרִיב כּוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים - הֲרֵי הֵן קָרְבַּן יָחִיד. וּפָר זֶה הוּא הַנִּקְרָא 'פַּר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים'.
All of these sacrifices are explicitly mentioned in the Torah and the laws governing each of them are explained in the appropriate places.וְכָל אֵלּוּ הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת מְפֹרָשִׁין הֵן בַּתּוֹרָה, וְכָל אֶחָד מֵהֶן יִתְבָּאֲרוּ דִּינָיו בִּמְקוֹמוֹ.
7The person bringing any of the individual offerings is responsible for them and for their accompanying offerings34 with the exception of an animal pledged as sacrifice.35 The community at large is not responsible for sacrifices or their accompanying offerings.36 If a sacrifice was offered, they are responsible for its additional offerings.37 When an individual’s sacrifice was required to be offered at a fixed time,38 it is like a communal offering and the person is not responsible for it.39זכָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן וּבְאַחֲרָיוּת נִסְכֵּיהֶן, חוּץ מִן הַנְּדָבָה. וְכָל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר אֵינָן חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן וְלֹא בְּאַחֲרָיוּת נִסְכֵּיהֶן. וְאִם קָרַב הַזֶּבַח, חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּת נִסְכֵּיהֶן. וְכֵן קָרְבַּן יָחִיד שֶׁקָּבוּעַ לוֹ זְמַן - הֲרֵי הוּא כְּקָרְבַּן צִבּוּר, וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ.
8All of the animals brought as burnt-offerings must only be male.40 It may be brought from sheep, goats, or cattle, whether large or small.41 They may also be brought from turtle doves and small doves, whether male or female.42חכָּל עוֹלַת בְּהֵמָה, אֵינָהּ בָּאָה אֶלָא מִן הַזְּכָרִים בִּלְבַד. וְהִיא בָּאָה מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן הָעִזִּים וּמִן הַבָּקָר, בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים, וּמִן הַתּוֹרִים וּמִן בְּנֵי יוֹנָה, וְאֶחָד בָּהֶן הַזָּכָר וְהַנְּקֵבָה.
9A sin-offering may be brought from these five species, from both males and females, from small ones and large ones.טהַחַטָּאת בָּאָה מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִים הָאֵלּוּ - מִן הַזְּכָרִים וּמִן הַנְּקֵבוֹת, מִן הַגְּדוֹלִים וּמִן הַקְּטַנִּים.
10A guilt-offering may be brought only from male sheep. There are guilt-offerings that come from large members of this species43 and others which come from small members of this species.44יהָאָשָׁם אֵינוֹ בָּא אֶלָא מִזִּכְרֵי כְּבָשִׂים בִּלְבַד. יֵשׁ אָשָׁם בָּא מִגְּדוֹלֵי מִין זֶה, וְיֵשׁ אָשָׁם בָּא מִן הַקְּטַנִּים.
11Peace offerings may be brought from sheep, goats, or cattle, from males and females, whether large or small. A fowl may not be brought as a peace offering. When describing an animal as small, the intent is one between the eighth day45 and a full year, from day to day. If the year was declared a leap year, the extra month is included. “Large” implies until three full years from day to day for cattle, for flocks,46 until two full years from day to day. From this age onward, the animal is considered as “old” and it should not be brought as an offering.יאהַשְּׁלָמִים בָּאִים מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן הָעִזִּים וּמִן הַבָּקָר - מִזְּכָרִים וּמִנְּקֵבוֹת, מִן הַגְּדוֹלִים וּמִן הַקְּטַנִּים. וְאֵין הָעוֹף בָּא שְׁלָמִים. הַקְּטַנִּים הֵם מִבֶּן שְׁמוֹנַת יָמִים, עַד שָׁנָה תְּמִימָה מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם; אִם נִתְעַבְּרָה שָׁנָה, נִתְעַבְּרָה לוֹ. וְהַגְּדוֹלִים: בַּבָּקָר, עַד שָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים שְׁלֵמוֹת מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם; וּבַצֹּאן, עַד שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים שְׁלֵמוֹת מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם; יָתֵר עַל זֶה - הֲרֵי הוּא זָקֵן, וְאֵין מַקְרִיבִין אוֹתוֹ.
12Although all of the sacrifices are acceptable if they are brought from the eighth day onward, as an initial preference, we do not bring an animal as a sacrifice until it is 30 days old or older47 with the exception of a firstborn offering,48 a Paschal offering, and a tithe offering.49 If one desires to offer these sacrifices from the eighth day onward, he may.יבאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת כְּשֵׁרִין מִיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי וָהָלְאָה - אֵין מַקְרִיבִין לְכַתְּחִלָּה, אֶלָא מִיּוֹם שְׁלוֹשִׁים וָהָלְאָה. חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר, וּמִן הַפֶּסַח, וּמִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר - שֶׁאִם רָצָה לְהַקְרִיבָן בַּשְּׁמִינִי לְכַתְּחִלָּה, מַקְרִיב.
13Hours are counted with regard to consecrated animals,50 i.e., if their lives were an hour longer51 or an hour was subtracted from their lives,52 they are unacceptable. What is implied? When it is required that a sacrifice be less than a year old, if an hour was added to its year, it is invalidated. Even if it was merely a year old when it was slaughtered and additional time was added before its blood was sprinkled on the altar, it is invalidated. It must be less than a year until the time the blood is sprinkled on the altar. Similar laws apply with regard to all the sacrifices.יגשָׁעוֹת מוֹנִין לַקֳּדָשִׁים, וְאִם הוֹסִיפוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת אוֹ פָּחֲתוּ שָׁעָה - פְּסוּלִין. כֵּיצַד? קָרְבָּן שֶׁמִּצְוָתוֹ לִהְיוֹת בֶּן שָׁנָה - אִם הוֹסִיף עַל הַשָּׁנָה שָׁעָה אַחַת, נִפְסַל. אַפִלּוּ הָיָה בֶּן שָׁנָה בִּשְׁעַת שְׁחִיטָה, וְהוֹסִיף עַל הַשָּׁנָה בִּשְׁעַת זְרִיקָה - נִפְסַל, עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בֶּן שָׁנָה עַד שָׁעַת זְרִיקָה. וְכֵן בְּכָל הַזְּבָחִים.
14Whenever the Torah uses the expressions, “a male sheep,” “a female sheep,” “sheep,” the intent is an animal in its first year of life.ידכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּתּוֹרָה 'כֶּבֶשׂ' אוֹ 'כִּשְׂבָּה' אוֹ 'כְּבָשִׂים', הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בְּנֵי שָׁנָה.
“A ram” or “rams”53 implies males in their second year of life. When is an animal called a ram? When 31 days of its second year of life pass. On the thirtieth day, however, it is not acceptable, neither as a sheep, nor as a ram. At this stage, it is called a pilgas.54וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר 'אַיִל' אוֹ 'אֵילִים', הֵם הַזְּכָרִים בְּנֵי שְׁנָתַיִם. וּמֵאֵימָתַי יִקָּרֵא 'אַיִל'? מִשֶּׁיִּכָּנֵס בְּשָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה אֶחָד וּשְׁלוֹשִׁים יוֹם. אֲבָל בְּיוֹם שְׁלוֹשִׁים אֵינוֹ כָּשֵׁר לֹא לְכֶבֶשׂ וְלֹא לְאַיִל, וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא 'פִּלְגָּס'.
Whenever the expression “a calf” is used, the intent is an animal in its first year of life. The term “bull” implies that the animal is in its second year of life.וְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ 'עֵגֶל', הֲרֵי זֶה בֶּן שָׁנָה; 'פַּר', בֶּן שְׁנָתַיִם.
The term “a goat kid” [implies that it is in its first year, “a goat,”] that it is in its second year. Throughout the second year, it is called a goat.55'שְׂעִיר עִזִּים', [בֶּן שָׁנָה. שָׂעִיר] בֶּן שְׁתַּיִם. כָּל שָׁנָה שְׁנִיָּה, הוּא נִקְרָא 'שְׂעִיר'.
15All of the communal offerings are male.טוכָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר, זְכָרִים.
All56 of the communal sin offerings57 come from goats or from cattle, none are brought from sheep. All of the communal burnt offerings are from sheep or cattle; there are no burnt-offerings brought from goats.וְכָל חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁל צִּבּוּר - מִן הָעֵז אוֹ מִן הַבָּקָר, וְאֵין בָּהֶן מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים. וְכָל עוֹלוֹת הַצִּבּוּר - מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן הַבָּקָר, וְאֵין לָהֶן עוֹלָה מִן הָעֵז.
All of the sin-offerings brought by individuals are female. They may be eaten by the priests and they do not come from cattle except three:
a) the sin-offering of a nasi58 which is a goat59 and is eaten, b) the sin-offering of the anointed priest which is a bull,60 which is burnt;61 it is call “the bull that comes because of the violation of any mitzvah;” c) the bull brought by the High Priest on Yom Kippur;62 it is a sin-offering that is burnt.כָּל חַטָּאת יָחִיד - נְקֵבָה, וְתֵאָכֵל לַכּוֹהֲנִים. וְאֵינָהּ בָּאָה מִן הַבָּקָר. חוּץ מִשָּׁלוֹשׁ חַטָּאוֹת - חַטַּאת נָשִׂיא, שֶׁהִיא עֵז וְנֶאֱכֶלֶת; וְחַטַּאת כּוֹהֵן מָשִׁיחַ, שֶׁהִיא פַּר וְנִשְׂרֶפֶת, וְהוּא הַנִּקְרָא 'פַּר הַבָּא עַל כָּל הַמִּצְווֹת'; וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית - פַּר שֶׁמֵּבִיא כּוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְהוּא חַטָּאת וְנִשְׂרָף.
16All of the communal sin-offerings are eaten with the exception of the goat offered on Yom Kippur whose partner is sent to Azazel, the goats brought because of the violation63 of the prohibition against idol worship, and the bull brought because of the violation a law forgotten by the High Court.64טזכָּל חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁל צִּבּוּר נֶאֱכָלוֹת, חוּץ מִשָּׂעִיר שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, שֶׁחֲבֵרוֹ מִשְׁתַּלֵּחַ; וְכֵן שְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּפַר הֶעְלֵם.
“The bull that comes because of the violation of any mitzvah” and the bull brought because of a law forgotten by the High Court are called “the bulls that are burnt.” The goats brought because of the violation of the prohibition against idol worship are called “the goats that are burnt.”וּפַר הַבָּא עַל כָּל הַמִּצְווֹת וּפַר הֶעְלֵם נִקְרָאִים 'פָּרִים הַנִּשְׂרָפִין'; וּשְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה נִקְרָאִים 'שְׂעִירִים הַנִּשְׂרָפִין'.
Thus there are five sin-offerings that are burnt: two are individual offerings65 and three are communal offerings.66הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁחָמֵשׁ חַטָּאוֹת הֵם הַנִּשְׂרָפוֹת - שְׁתַּיִם לַיָּחִיד, וְשָׁלוֹשׁ לַצִּבּוּר.
17All of these offerings are called zevachim.67יזכָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת הָאֵלּוּ נִקְרָאִים 'זְבָחִים'.
All of the burnt-offerings, sin-offerings, guilt-offerings, and the two sheep brought as peace-offerings on Shavuos are called “sacrifices of the highest order of sanctity.”68וְכָל הָעוֹלוֹת וְהַחַטָּאוֹת וְהָאֲשָׁמוֹת וּשְׁנֵי כִּבְשֵׂי שְׁלָמִים שֶׁל עֲצֶרֶת נִקְרָאִים 'קָדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים'.
Peace offerings brought by an individual, the firstborn offerings, the tithe offerings, and the Paschal offerings, are called “sacrifices of a lesser degree of sanctity.”69אֲבָל שְׁלָמִים שֶׁל יָּחִיד וְהַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַפֶּסַח נִקְרָאִים 'קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים'.
18The limbs and organs that are burnt on the altar from the sin-offerings that are eaten, from the guilt-offerings, and from the peace-offerings70 are called eimorim.71יחהָאֵבָרִים שֶׁשּׂוֹרְפִין אוֹתָן עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִן הַחַטָּאוֹת הַנֶּאֱכָלוֹת וּמִן הַאֲשָׁמוֹת וּמִן הַשְּׁלָמִים, הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין 'אֵמוּרִין'.
These are the eimorim of an ox or a goat: the fat that is on the inner organs,72 included with that is the fat that is on the maw,73 the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, together with the fat that is on the flanks, the lobe of the liver, and a small portion of the liver should also be taken with its lobe.74וְאֵלּוּ הֵן הָאֵמוּרִין שֶׁל שׁוֹר אוֹ שֶׁל עֵז: הַחֵלֶב שֶׁעַל הַקֶּרֶב, וּבִכְלָלוֹ חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הַקֵּבָה, וּשְׁתֵּי הַכְּלָיוֹת בַּחֵלֶב שֶׁעֲלֵיהֶן עִם הַחֵלֶב אֲשֶׁר עַל הַכְּסָלִים, וְיוֹתֶרֶת הַכָּבֵד, וְנוֹטֵל מִן הַכָּבֵד מְעַט עִם הַיּוֹתֶרֶת.
If the sacrifice is from sheep, he should add to these the fat tail75 in its entirety76 together with the vertebrae from the spine until the place of the kidneys, as Levitcus 3:9 states: “he shall remove it opposite the kidneys.”וְאִם הָיָה הַקָּרְבָּן מִמִּין הַכְּבָשִׂים - מוֹסִיף עַל אֵלּוּ, הָאַלְיָה תְּמִימָה, עִם חֻלְיוֹת מִן הַשִּׁדְרָה עַד מְקוֹם הַכְּלָיוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לְעֻמַּת הֶעָצֶה יְסִירֶנָּה" (ויקרא ג, ט).
All of the eimorim are burnt on the outer altar.77וְכָל הָאֵמוּרִין נִשְׂרָפִין עַל מִזְבֵּחַ הַחִיצוֹן.
19If a sacrificial animal was pregnant, even though the fetus had been carried for a full term, and even if it was discovered to be alive after the mother was slaughtered,78 its fat should not be offered together with the fat of its mother. Instead, only the fat of the mother is offered. The fetus is considered as one of its limbs.79יטהָיְתָה הַבְּהֵמָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּלוּ חֳדָשָׁיו שֶׁל עֻבָּר, וְאַפִלּוּ נִמְצָא חַי - אֵינוֹ מַעֲלֶה חֶלְבּוֹ עִם חֵלֶב אִמּוֹ, אֶלָא חֵלֶב אִמּוֹ בִּלְבַד, וַהֲרֵי הָעֻבָּר כְּאֶחָד מֵאֵבָרֶיהָ.