If he relies on his wisdom, his schemes, his physical strength, and his own efforts, those efforts will be for naught; he will become weak and lose that physical strength, and his schemes and wisdom will fall short of accomplishing his goals, as the verse says (Job 5:13): He traps clever people in their shrewdness.
וְאִם יִבְטַח עַל חָכְמָתוֹ וְתַחְבּוּלוֹתָיו וְכֹחַ גּוּפוֹ וְהִשְׁתַּדְּלוּתוֹ, יִיגַע לָרִיק וְיֶחֱלַשׁ כֹּחוֹ וְתִקְצַר תַּחְבּוּלָתוֹ מֵהַשִּׂיג חֶפְצוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (איוב ה, יג) "לוֹכֵד חֲכָמִים בְּעָרְמָם."
Relies on his wisdom. On the verse, If you eat the toil of your hand (Psalms 128:2), the Alter Rebbe, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, explains: The verse does not say “the toil of your head,” because we must work for a livelihood solely with physical abilities—the hands. The internal faculty of the mind (“head”), on the other hand, is to be utilized for the study of Torah (Likkutei Torah, Shelach 42d).
If he relies on his wisdom… his physical strength, and his own efforts. Although we must not rely on our wisdom and efforts to achieve our goals or earn a living, we can and should utilize our strengths and abilities, because they are the vehicle that G‑d gave to achieve success. We must simply be aware that blessings and success ultimately come from G‑d, and that it is G‑d Who ordains blessings through the channel of human effort.
The Sages explain that we are biblically mandated to work: Expounding on the verse, And G‑d will bless you in all that you do (Deuteronomy 15:18), Sifri states, “The person might think that he can sit idle (and do nothing); therefore, the verse teaches us ‘in all that you do ’” ( Likkutei Sichot, vol. 31, p. 172 ff. ).
In fact, in Chapter 4 (of the Gate of Trust), the author writes: “With the clear conviction that his affairs are given over to the decrees of the Creator, may He be exalted…. he must at the same time pursue means beneficial to him and choose what appears to him to be the best [course of action] in the matter.”
And as it says (Ecclesiastes 9:11): I returned and saw under the sun that the race does not belong to the swift, nor the war to the mighty, and the wise do not have bread…
וְאָמַר (קהלת ט, יא) "שַׁבְתִּי וְרָאֹה תַחַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, כִּי לֹא לַקַּלִּים הַמֵּרוֹץ, וְלֹא לַגִּבּוֹרִים הַמִּלְחָמָה, וְלֹא לַחֲכָמִים לֶחֶם."
And as it says (Psalms 34:11): Young lions suffer want and are hungry, but those who seek the L-rd do not lack any good.
וְאָמַר (תהלים לד, יא) "כְּפִירִים רָשׁוּ וְרָעֵבוּ וְדוֹרְשֵׁי ה' לֹא יַחְסְרוּ כָל טוֹב."
And if he relies on his abundance of wealth, it will be removed from him and left to someone else.
וְאִם יִבְטַח בְּרֹב עָשְׁרוֹ: יוּסַר מִמֶּנּוּ וְיִשָּׁאֵר לְזוּלָתוֹ,
As the verse says (Job 27:19): A rich man lies down with his wealth intact, he opens his eyes and it is no longer his. Similarly, the verse says (Proverbs 23:4): Do not toil to become wealthy, from your own understanding desist . And the next verse (ibid. 5) says: Before you can set your eyes on it, it is gone. Similarly, it says (Jeremiah 17:11): At a young age, his wealth will leave him, and at his end he will be a disgrace.
כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב (איוב כז, יט) "עָשִׁיר יִשְׁכַּב וְלֹא יֵאָסֵף, עֵינָיו פָּקַח וְאֵינֶנּוּ," וְאָמַר (משלי כג, ד) "אַל תִּיגַע לְהַעֲשִׁיר, מִבִּינָתְךָ חֲדָל," וְאָמַר (שם ה) "הֲתָעִיף עֵינֶיךָ בּוֹ וְאֵינֶנּוּ," וְאָמַר (ירמיה יז, יא) "בַּחֲצִי יָמָיו יַעַזְבֶנּוּ וּבְאַחֲרִיתוֹ יִהְיֶה נָבָל."
At a young age, it will leave him, etc. While this verse refers to a person who obtains his wealth dishonestly, the author quotes it as yet another source for the transitory nature of wealth.
Alternatively, even if the riches themselves are not removed from him, his ability to enjoy the wealth will be withheld from him by G‑d. As the wise man, King Solomon, said (Ecclesiastes 6:2): G‑d gives him no power to eat of it.
אוֹ תִּמָּנַע מִמֶּנּוּ הֲנָאָתוֹ בּוֹ, כַּאֲשֶׁר אָמַר הֶחָכָם (קהלת ו, ב) "וְלֹא יַשְׁלִיטֶנּוּ הָאֱלֹהִים לֶאֱכוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ."
It will be with him as a deposit, so that he will guard it from harm, until the time that it will be returned to the one who is deserving of it, and for whom it was meant.
וְיִהְיֶה אֶצְלוֹ פִּקָּדוֹן שֶׁשּׁוֹמֵר אוֹתוֹ מִן הַפְּגָעִים עַד שֶׁיָּשׁוּב לְמִי שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לוֹ,
As it says (Ecclesiastes 2:26): And to the sinner, G‑d gives the urge to gather and amass wealth, to give to one who is good before G‑d. As it says (Job 27:17): The wicked man will prepare, and the righteous man will use it, and the innocent will divide the money among themselves.
כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (שם ב, כו) "וְלַחוֹטֵא נָתַן עִנְיָן לֶאֱסוֹף וְלִכְנוֹס לָתֵת לְטוֹב לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים," וְאָמַר (איוב כז, יז) "יָכִין וְצַדִּיק יִלְבָּשׁ וְכֶסֶף נָקִי יַחֲלוֹק."
It is possible that his money will be the cause of his misfortune, as well as the cause of the destruction of his soul.
וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַמָּמוֹן סִבַּת רָעָתוֹ וְאָבְדַן נַפְשׁוֹ,
The cause of his misfortune. Wealth is often a reason for arrogance and a feeling of superiority, which leads to sinful acts and betrayal of G‑d. As it states: And He will add to your silver and gold, then your heart will become arrogant and you will forget the L-rd, your G‑d (Deuteronomy 8:13-14; Pat Lechem ).
As the verse says (Ecclesiastes 5:12): There is a sickening evil that I have seen under the sun—riches hoarded by their owner, to his own misfortune.
כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (קהלת ה, יב) "יֵשׁ רָעָה חוֹלָה רָאִיתִי תַּחַת הַשָּׁמֶשׁ, עֹשֶׁר שָׁמוּר לִבְעָלָיו לְרָעָתוֹ."
