1When produce has reached the “phase of tithing,” it was detached from the earth, but the work preparing it was not completed, e.g., grain that he harvested and threshed, but the reaper did not winnow it or straighten the grain pile, he may partake of it as a snack without tithing until those tasks are completed. Once those tasks are completed, it is forbidden to partake of it as a snack without tithing.אפֵּרוֹת שֶׁהִגִּיעוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וְנִתְלְשׁוּ וַעֲדַיִן לֹא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, כְּגוֹן תְּבוּאָה שֶׁקְּצָרָהּ וְדָשָׁהּ וַעֲדַיִן לֹא זָרָה אוֹתָהּ וְלֹא מֵרְחָהּ - מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן אֲכִילַת עֲרַאי, עַד שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן. וּכְשֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי.
2When does the above apply? When one is completing the work necessary to prepare the produce to be sold in the market place. If, however, his intent was to bring it to his home, he may partake of it as a snack even after the work involving it is completed until a situation occurs which obligates the separation of tithes.בבַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בְּגוֹמֵר פֵּרוֹתָיו לְמָכְרָן בַּשּׁוּק; אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה כַּוָּנָתוֹ לְהוֹלִיכָן לַבַּיִת - הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי אַחַר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, עַד שֶׁיִּקָּבְעוּ לַמַּעֲשֵׂר.
3Six situations obligate the separation of tithes from produce: a) bringing it into a courtyard, a transaction, subjecting it to fire, salting it, separating terumah, and the commencement of the Sabbath. These situations only require the separation of tithes when the work necessary to prepare the produce has been completed.גוְאֶחָד מִשִּׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים קוֹבֵעַ לְמַעַשְׂרוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: הַבַּיִת, וְהַמֶּקָּח, וְהָאֵשׁ, וְהַמֶּלַח, וְהַתְּרוּמָה, וְהַשַּׁבָּת. וְכֻלָּן, אֵין קוֹבְעִין אֶלָא בְּדָבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ.
4What is implied? One may eat a snack from produce which he intends to bring home without tithing even though the work necessary to prepare it has been completed until he enters his home. Once he enters his home, the obligation to separate tithes takes effect and he is forbidden to partake of it until he tithes it. Similarly, if he sold it, cooked it by fire, pickled it in salt, separated terumah from it, or the Sabbath commenced, he may not partake of it until he separates the tithes even though it has not reached the
house.דכֵּיצַד? פֵּרוֹת שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְהוֹלִיכָן לַבַּיִת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן - אוֹכֵל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי, עַד שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ לַבַּיִת. נִכְנְסוּ לַבַּיִת - נִקְבְּעוּ לַמַּעֲשֵׂר, וְאָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. וְכֵן אִם מְכָרָן אוֹ בִּשְּׁלָן בָּאוּר אוֹ כְּבָשָׁן בְּמֶלַח אוֹ הִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן תְּרוּמָה אוֹ נִכְנְסָה שַׁבָּת עֲלֵיהֶם - לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעוּ לַבַּיִת.
If he brought the produce into his home before he completed the work associated with it, he may continue to snack from it. If he began to complete the work associated with its completion, he is obligated to tithe the entire amount. What is implied? A person brought zucchini and squash home before he rubbed them to remove the hairs on their surface. Once he begins rubbing one of them, he is obligated to tithe all of them. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations. Similarly, when one separates terumah from produce for which all the tasks necessary to prepare it have not been completed, it is permitted to snack from them with the exception of a basket of figs. If one separates terumah from them before the work associated with preparing them is finished, the obligation to tithe takes effect.הִכְנִיסָן לַבַּיִת קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן, הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי. הִתְחִיל לִגְמֹר מְלַאכְתָּן מֵאַחַר שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לַבַּיִת, חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר הַכֹּל. כֵּיצַד? הִכְנִיס קִשּׁוּאִין וְדְלּוּעִין לַבַּיִת קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּשַׁפְשֵׁף - מִשֶּׁיַּתְחִיל לְשַׁפְשֵׁף אַחַת נִקְבְּעוּ הַכֹּל לְמַעֲשֵׂר. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיוֹצֵא בְּזֶה. וְכֵן הַתּוֹרֵם פֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי. חוּץ מִכַּלְכָּלַת תְּאֵנִים - שֶׁאִם תְּרָמָהּ קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּהּ נִקְבְּעָה לַמַּעֲשֵׂר.
5The following laws apply if figs branches to which figs were still attached or date fronds to which dates where still attached were brought home. If children or workers brought them to a person’s home, the obligation to tithe does not yet take effect. If the owner of the home brought them, he is obligated to tithe them. If he brought in stalks of grain to make dough, the obligation to tithe does not take effect. If he intended to eat them as kernels, it does take effect. When does the above apply? With regard to grain. With regard to legumes, the obligation to tithe does not take effect in that instance. ההַמֵּבִיא לַבַּיִת סוֹכֵי תְּאֵנָה וּבָהֶם תְּאֵנִים, מַכְבְּדֵי תְּמָרָה וּבָהֶם תְּמָרִים: אִם הִכְנִיסוּם תִּינוֹקוֹת אוֹ פּוֹעֲלִים, לֹא נִקְבְּעוּ לַמַּעֲשֵׂר; וְאִם הִכְנִיסָן בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, חַיָּבִין בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. הִכְנִיס שִׁבֳּלִים לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן עִיסָה, לֹא נִקְבְּעוּ; לְאָכְלָן מְלִילוֹת, נִקְבְּעוּ לַמַּעֲשֵׂר. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בִּתְבוּאָה; אֲבָל בְּקִטְנִיוֹת, לֹא נִקְבְּעוּ לַמַּעֲשֵׂר.
6It is permitted to be crafty and bring grain that has been harvested into one’s home while it still has its outer shell so that one’s livestock can partake of it and thus it is exempt from tithes.ומֻתָּר לְהַעֲרִים עַל הַתְּבוּאָה לְהַכְנִיס בַּמּוֹץ שֶׁלָּהּ, כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה בְּהֶמְתּוֹ אוֹכֶלֶת, וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר.
One may then winnow a small portion of it after it has been brought into one’s home. He is thus exempt from the obligation to separate terumah and tithes forever, since he has not begun to complete the tasks necessary to prepare the entire harvest.וְזוֹרֶה מְעַט מְעַט אַחַר שֶׁהִכְנִיס לַבַּיִת, וּפָטוּר לְעוֹלָם מִן הַתְּרוּמָה וּמִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת - שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵינוֹ מַתְחִיל לִגְמֹר הַכֹּל.
7When a person completes the task necessary to process a colleague’s produce without his knowledge or he brings the produce to one of the six situations that establish an obligation to tithe without the owner’s knowledge, this produce incurs the obligation to be tithed. זהַגּוֹמֵר פֵּרוֹתָיו שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ, וְכֵן הַקּוֹבֵעַ פֵּרוֹתָיו בְּאֶחָד מִן הַדְּבָרִים הַשִּׁשָּׁה שֶׁקּוֹבְעִים לְמַעֲשֵׂר, שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ - הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נִטְבְּלוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר.
8What is meant by completing the work associated with produce? For zucchini, squash, and watermelon, it is when one rubs them with his hands and removes the golden hairs upon them. If he does not rub them, it is when he makes a pile. For a watermelon, it is when he arranges them in a designated place, one watermelon next to another. If one rubs the fruit one by one, when he completed rubbing all that he needed, that specific produce is considered as if the tasks necessary to prepare it were completed. We may separate terumah from zucchini and squash even though the hairs have not been removed from it. חאֵיזֶה הוּא גְּמַר מְלַאכְתָּן שֶׁל פֵּרוֹת? הַקִּשּׁוּאִין וְהַדְלּוּעִין וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִין, מִשֶּׁיְּשַׁפְשֵׁף בְּיָדוֹ וְיָסִיר הַצִּהוּב שֶׁעֲלֵיהֶן כְּמוֹ שֵׂעָר דַּק. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְשַׁפְשֵׁף, מִשֶּׁיַּעְמִיד עֲרֵמָה. וּבָאֲבַטִּיחַ, מִשֶּׁיַּסְדִּיר אוֹתוֹ הַמֻּקְצֶה אֲבַטִּיחַ בְּצַד אֲבַטִּיחַ. הָיָה מְשַׁפְשֵׁף אַחַת אַחַת - כֵּיוָן שֶׁגָּמַר כָּל צָרְכּוֹ נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן. וְתוֹרְמִין קִשּׁוּאִין וְדְלּוּעִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הֵסִיר הַצִּהוּב מֵעֲלֵיהֶן.
9For vegetables that are sold while bound together, it is when they are bound together. If the vegetables are not bound together, it is when the container is full. If he does not fill the container, he may snack from the produce until he gathers all that he needs.טהַיָּרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד, מִשֶּׁיֶּאֱגֹד. אִם אֵינוֹ אוֹגֵד, מִשֶּׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא - הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל עֲרַאי עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ.
10For a basket of produce, it is when the produce will be covered by leaves, straw, and the like. If he does not cover it, it is when the container is full. If he does not fill the container, it is when he gathers all that he needs.יכַּלְכָּלָה, מִשֶּׁיְּחַפֶּה הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ בְּעָלִּים וּבְהוּצִין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. אִם אֵינוֹ מְחַפֶּה, מִשֶּׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. אִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ.
11When a person is gathering produce in a large container, but he desires to fill only a portion of it, once he fills that portion, the produce must be tithed. If he intends to fill the entire container, the produce is not required to be tithed until he fills the entire container. If he has two containers and desires to fill both of them, the produce is not required to be tithed until he fills both of them.יאכְּלִי גָּדוֹל שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְמַלֹּאות אֶת חֶצְיוֹ - כֵּיוָן שֶׁמִּלָּא חֶצְיוֹ נִטְבָּל. הָיָה בְּדַעְתּוֹ לְמַלֹּאות אֶת כֻּלּוֹ, אֵינוֹ נִטְבָּל עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם וּבְדַעְתּוֹ לְמַלֹּאות אֶת שְׁנֵיהֶם, לֹא נִטְבְּלוּ עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת שְׁנֵיהֶם.
12When a person made a large weave of vegetables in the field, the obligation to tithe takes effect even though he intended to undo the larger weave and make a smaller weave for the marketplace. Dried pomegranate seeds, raisins, and carobs, become obligated to be tithed when a person sets up a pile on top of his roof. Onions become obligated when one removes the leaves and shells that he would generally discard. If he does not remove them, there is no obligation to tithe the onions, until one stores them in a pile.יבאָגַד הַיָּרָק אֶגֶד גָּדוֹל בַּשָּׂדֶה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבְּדַעְתּוֹ לְאָגְדוֹ אֲגֻדּוֹת קְטַנּוֹת לַשּׁוּק, הֲרֵי זֶה נִטְבָּל. הַפֶּרֶד וְהַצִּמּוּקִין וְהַחַרּוּבִין, מִשֶּׁיַּעְמִיד עֲרֵמָה בְּרֹאשׁ גַּגּוֹ. הַבְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁיָּסִיר הָעַלִּים וְהַקְּלִפּוֹת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַשְׁלִיכָם מֵעֲלֵיהֶן. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מֵסִיר, עַד שֶׁיַּעְמִיד עֲרֵמָה.
13Grain becomes obligated when one is mimareach it. What is meant by mimareach? When one straightens the surface of the grainheap with a pitchfork at the conclusion of the entire process, as one would do when he concludes all his work. If a person is not mimareach, the obligation takes effect, when he makes a pile. Legumes become obligated when one sifts them and takes them from under the sifter and partakes of them. If he does not sift them, the obligation takes effect when he is mimareach. Even though he is mimareach, it is permitted to take from the scattered stalks, those on the side, and the kernels that are in the straw, and partake of them. יגהַתְּבוּאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּמָרַח. וְאֵיזֶה הוּא מְמָרֵחַ? זֶה הַמְּיַפֶּה פְּנֵי הַכְּרִי שֶׁלּ תְּבוּאָה בְּרַחַת בְּסוֹף כָּל דָּבָר, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעוֹשִׂין כְּשֶׁגּוֹמְרִין כָּל מַעֲשֶׂיהָ. אִם אֵינוֹ מְמָרֵחַ, עַד שֶׁיַּעְמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַקִטְנִיוֹת, מִשֶּׁיִּכְבֹּר וְנוֹטֵל מִתַּחַת הַכְּבָרָה וְאוֹכֵל. אִם אֵינוֹ כּוֹבֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרַח. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּרַח - מֻתָּר לִטֹּל מִן הַקֻּטְעִים וּמִן הַצְּדָדִין וּמִמַּה שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן וְאוֹכֵל.
14Wine becomes obligated when it is stored in a barrel and the peels and seeds are removed from the top of the barrel. When, however, it is in the vat and one takes out some to put it in a barrel, one may drink from it casually. Similarly, he may collect wine from the upper vat, from a conduit, or from any place and drink it without tithing.ידהַיַּיִן - מִשֶּׁיַּנִּיחֶנּוּ בֶּחָבִיּוֹת, וְיַשְׁלֶה הַזּוֹגִין וְהַחַרְצַנִּין מֵעַל פְּנֵי הֶחָבִית. אֲבָל כִּשֶׁהוּא בְּתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר, וּמִשֶּׁיַּגְבִּיהֶנּוּ לְהַנִּיחוֹ בֶּחָבִית - שׁוֹתֶה עֲרַאי, וְקוֹלֵט מִן הַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וּמִן הַצִּנּוֹר וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם וְשׁוֹתֶה.
15Oil becomes obligated when it descends to the vat. Even though it has descended, one may take from the rope basket, the stone used to grind the olives, the boards or stones of the olive press. One may place untithed oil into cooked food in a small dish or a large pot even though the food is hot, because it will not cook in a secondary vessel. If the food was very hot, so much so that one’s hand would burn, he should not put untithed oil into it, because it will be cooked. טוהַשֶּׁמֶן, מִשֶּׁיֵּרֵד לָעוּקָה. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּרַד - נוֹטֵל מִן הָעֵקֶל וּמִן הַמֶּמֶל וּמִבֵּין הַפַּסִּין, וְנוֹתֵן לִקְעָרָה קְטַנָּה וּלְתַמְחוּי לְתוֹךְ הַתַּבְשִׁיל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַם; מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְבַּשֵּׁל בִּכְלִי שֵׁנִי. וְאִם הָיָה חַם בְּיוֹתֵר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכְוֶה אֶת הַיָּד - לֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְבַּשֵּׁל.
16A caked of dried figs becomes obligated when it is smoothed. Dried figs become obligated when they become crushed into the container in which they will be stored. If they were placed in a storage container, they become obligated when one smoothes out the surface of the storage container by hand. If one was crushing dried figs into a jug or into a cake at the opening of a storage container and the jug becomes broken or the storage container is opened, he should not partake of the figs until they are tithed.טזהָעִגּוּל שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה, מִשֶּׁיַּחְלִיקֶנּוּ. הַגְּרֹגָּרוֹת, מִשֶּׁיָּדוּשׁ. וְאִם הִכְנִיסָם לַמְּגוּרָה, מִשֶּׁיַּעְגִיל בְּיָדוֹ עַל פִּי הַמְּגוּרָה. הָיָה דָּשׁ הַגְּרֹגָּרוֹת בֶּחָבִית, אוֹ הָעִגּוּל עַל פִּי הַמְּגוּרָה, וְנִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית, אוֹ נִפְתְּחָה הַמְּגוּרָה - הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר.
17When figs and grapes have been set aside to dry, it is permitted to snack from them in the place where they were set aside. If, however, he took some from the place where they were set aside, he should not snack from them, because the tasks involved in their preparation have been completed, even though they have not dried out totally. יזתְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבַּמֻּקְצֶה, מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי בִּמְקוֹמָן. אֲבָל אִם נָטַל מִן הַמֻּקְצֶה, וְהוֹלִיךְ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר - לֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶן עֲרַאי; שֶׁהֲרֵי נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא יָבְשׁוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן.
18Carobs become obligated when he collects them on top of the roof to dry. He may take some down from the roof for fodder for his livestock. He is exempt from tithing, because he will put back what is left over. He is thus using it as fodder as a temporary measure.יחהַחַרּוּבִין עַד שֶׁלֹּא כְנָסָן לְרֹאשׁ הַגָּג - מוֹרִיד מֵהֶן לַבְּהֵמָה וּפָטוּר; מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחְזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר לְיַבְּשׁוֹ, וְנִמְצָא מַאֲכִיל עֲרַאי.
19When a person separated the first tithe while the produce was still in stalks, it is forbidden to partake of it until terumat ma’aser is separated from it. If he partook of it, he is given stripes for rebellious conduct. What is meant by partaking of food as a snack? If a person was peeling barley kernels and eating them, he may peel them one by one. If he peeled several and held them in his hand, he is required to tithe them. If he was crushing the shells of wheat kernels, he may sift the chaff from hand to hand and partake of them. If he sifted them into his bosom, he is required to tithe them. Needless to say, if he sifted them with a utensil, he is required to tithe them, for this is not a temporary measure. יטמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהִקְדִּימוֹ בַּשִּׁבֳּלִים - אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנּוּ עֲרַאי, קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָתוֹ; וְאִם אָכַל, מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. כֵּיצַד אֲכִילַת עֲרַאי? כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה מְקַלֵּף שְׂעוֹרִים וְאוֹכֵל, מְקַלֵּף אַחַת אַחַת. וְאִם קִלֵּף וְכָנַס לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. הָיָה מוֹלֵל מְלִילוֹת שֶׁל חִטִּים, מְנַפֶּה מִיָּד לְיַד וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם נִפָּה בְּתוֹךְ חֵיקוֹ, חַיָּב. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר, אִם נִפָּה בִּכְלִי - שֶׁאֵין זֶה עֲרַאי.
Similarly, one may take wine and put it into a cold cooked dish in a bowl and partake of it. One may not, by contrast, put it into a pot even if it was cold, because it is considered like a small cistern. Similarly, one may squeeze olives onto his skin without tithing, but not into his hand. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations.וְכֵן נוֹטֵל מִן הַיַּיִן וְנוֹתֵן לִקְעָרָה לְתוֹךְ תַּבְשִׁיל צוֹנֵן וְאוֹכֵל, אֲבָל לֹא לְתוֹךְ הַקְּדֵרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא צוֹנֶנֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְּבוֹר קָטָן. וְכֵן סוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, אֲבָל לֹא לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיוֹצֵא בְּזֶה.
20Just as it is permitted to partake of produce as a snack when the work involved in its preparation has not been completed, so too, it is permitted to feed such produce to animals, livestock, and fowl as one desires. Similarly, one may declare as much of this produce ownerless as he desires. If he completed those tasks, even when the obligation to tithe was not established, he may not declare the produce ownerless, nor may he feed it to livestock, animals, and fowl in a significant manner until he tithes it.כוּכְשֵׁם שֶׁמֻּתָּר לֶאֱכֹל עֲרַאי מִפֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן - כָּךְ מֻתָּר לְהַאֲכִיל מֵהֶן לְחַיָּה וְלִבְהֵמָה וּלְעוֹפוֹת כָּל מַה שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, וּמַפְקִיר מֵהֶן כָּל מַה שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. וְאִם נִגְמְרוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִקְבְּעוּ לַמַּעֲשֵׂר - לֹא יַפְקִיר וְלֹא יַאֲכִיל לִבְהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף אֲכִילַת קְבָע עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר.
It is permitted to feed an animal tevel in an insignificant manner, even in one’s home. One can feed an animal rolls of chilba until one bundles them as packages. וּמֻתָּר לְהַאֲכִיל לִבְהֵמָה עֲרַאי מִן הַטֶּבֶל, וְאַפִלּוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת. וּמַאֲכִיל פְּקִיעֵי עָמִיר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֵׂם חֲבִלּוֹת.
21When a person discovers fruits on the road - even if he finds them next to an orchard of that fruit - they are exempt from the tithes. When one found dried figs, if most people already crushed their dried figs into larger masses, he is obligated to tithe what he found, for we assume that it came from produce for which the work involved in its preparation was completed. Similarly, if he found broken pieces of cakes of dried figs, it should be considered as if they came from produce for which the work involved in its preparation was completed.כאהַמּוֹצֵא קְצִיצוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אַפִלּוּ בְּצַד שְׂדֵה קְצִיצוֹת - הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. מָצָא גְּרֹגָּרוֹת - אִם דָּרְסוּ הַגְּרֹגָּרוֹת רֹב הָאָדָם, חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר; שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן מִדָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ. וְכֵן אִם מָצָא פִּלְחֵי דְּבֵלָה שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהֵם מִדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר.
22When a person finds sheaves of wheat in a private domain, he is obligated to tithe them. If he finds them in the public domain, they are exempt. Larger sheaves are required to be tithed wherever they are found. If one finds bundles of grain that have been straightened, one may separate them as terumah and tithes for other produce. One need not be concerned that the owners separated tithes for this produce already.כבמָצָא כְּרִיכוֹת: בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר; בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, פְּטוּרוֹת. וְהָאֲלֻמּוֹת, בְּכָל מָקוֹם חַיָּבוֹת בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מָצָא תְּבוּאָה מְרוּחָה - עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת עַל פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת, וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ.
If one finds a basket of fruit that is covered, he is required to tithe it. If he finds a basket of fruit in a place where most people take it to the marketplace, he is forbidden to snack from it and he should make the appropriate separations as if it were demai. In a place where most people bring it home, he may snack from it and he must certainly make the appropriate separations. If half bring home and half bring to the marketplace, it is considered as demai. If he brings it home, he must certainly make the appropriate separations.מָצָא כַּלְכָּלָה מְחֻפָּה, חַיֶּבֶת בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. מָצָא כַּלְכָּלָה: בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁהָרֹב מַכְנִיסִין לַשּׁוּק - אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנָּה עֲרַאי, וּמְתַקְּנָהּ דְּמַאי; וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁהָרֹב מַכְנִיסִין לַבָּתִּים - אוֹכֵל מִמֶּנָּה עֲרַאי, וּמְתַקְּנָהּ וַדַּאי. מֶחְצָה לְמֶחְצָה, דְּמַאי. וְאִם הִכְנִיסָהּ לַבַּיִת, מְתַקְּנָהּ וַדַּאי.
When does the above apply? With regard to a type of produce that does not have a specific phase at which the tasks associated with its preparation are completed. If, however, the produce does have a phase when the tasks associated with its preparation are completed, even though he must certainly separate tithes, he does not have to separate terumah. For we can assume that terumah was separated when those tasks were completed.בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ גְּמַר מְלָאכָה; אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ גְּמַר מְלָאכָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מְעַשֵּׂר וַדַּאי - צָרִיךְ (נ"א אינו צריך) לְהַפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָה, שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן תְּרוּמָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן.
23When there are ant holes that existed overnight next to a pile of grain that is required to be tithed, the kernels found there are required to be tithed. For it is obvious that the ants have been taking from produce that was completely prepared throughout the night.כגחַדְרֵי הַנְּמָלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ בְּצַד הָעֲרֵמָה הַחַיֶּבֶת - הֲרֵי הַנִּמְצָא בָּהֶן חַיָּב בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁמִּדָּבָר גָּמוּר הָיוּ גּוֹרְרִין כָּל הַלַּיְלָה.
24When a person finds olives under an olive tree or carobs under a carob tree, he is required to tithe them, for we assume that they fell from this tree. If he found figs under a fig tree, there is a doubt whether they fell from this tree or from figs that are already tithed, because their appearance changes and they become soiled with the dust. כדהַמּוֹצֵא זֵיתִים תַּחַת הַזַּיִת, וְחָרּוּבִין תַּחַת הֶחָרּוּב - חַיָּבִין בְּמַעֲשֵׂר, שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן שֶׁנָּפְלוּ מֵאִילָן זֶה. מָצָא תְּאֵנִים תַּחַת הַתְּאֵנָה - הֲרֵי הֵם סָפֵק, שֶׁהֲרֵי מִשְׁתַּנּוֹת וּמִתְלַכְלְכוֹת בֶּעָפָר; שֶׁמָּא מִתְּאֵנָה זוֹ נָפְלוּ אוֹ מִתְּאֵנִים שֶׁנִּתְעַשְּׂרוּ.
25When a person consecrates produce that has been detached and redeems it before the tasks associated with its preparation are completed, one is obligated to tithe it. If these tasks were completed while the crops were in the domain of the Temple treasury and then he redeemed them, they are exempt from tithes. When a person consecrated standing grain for meal offerings, it is exempt from the tithes. כההַמַּקְדִּישׁ פֵּרוֹת תְּלוּשִׁין וּפְדָאָן קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן - חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. וְאִם נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן בְּיַד הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ פְּדָאָן - פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת; שֶׁבְּעֵת חוֹבָתָן הָיוּ פְּטוּרִין. וְהַמַּקְדִּישׁ קָמָה לִמְנָחוֹת, פְּטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת.