1

Produce from which the great terumah and terumat ma'aser have been separated are referred to as "ordinary produce."1 When the other tithes have been separated from it, it is universally called "ordinary produce that has been made acceptable."

א

הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁהוּרַם מֵהֶן תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין חֻלִּין. וְאִם הִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן שְׁאָר מַעַשְׂרוֹתֵיהֶן הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִין חֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִין בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

2

[The following laws apply when] tevel2 becomes mixed together with the same species of ordinary produce that has been made acceptable in which instance, [the tevel cannot be considered insignificant] because its flavor [cannot be detected].3 If he has other produce, he should separate the terumat [ma'aser] and the tithes for the tevel according to the appropriate reckoning.4 If he does not have other produce from which to make the separations for that tevel, the entire mixture is forbidden until he makes separations from it. When he makes these separations, he forfeits a portion from the ordinary produce that has been made acceptable that is equivalent to the terumat ma'aser that must be separated from the tevel.5

ב

טֶבֶל שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּחֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִין מִין בְּמִינוֹ שֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לְהַלֵּךְ אַחַר הַטַּעַם. אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת מוֹצִיא עַל אוֹתוֹ טֶבֶל תְּרוּמָה וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת לְהוֹצִיא עַל אוֹתוֹ טֶבֶל הֲרֵי הַכּל אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּפְרִישׁ. וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַפְרִישׁ מַפְסִיד מִן הַחֻלִּין הַמְתֻקָּנִין כְּדֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבַּטֶּבֶל:

3

What is implied? If 100 se'ah of tevel is mixed with 100 se'ah of ordinary produce that has been made acceptable, he should separate 101 [se'ah] from the entire mixture. Everything that he sets aside is considered as tevel. Thus 99 se'ah of ordinary produce that has been made acceptable remain. He has thus lost a se'ah [of the ordinary produce].6 Similarly, if terumah had also not been separated from the tevel, he must forfeit an amount from the ordinary produce that has been made acceptable that is equivalent to the terumah and terumat ma'aser [to be separated from the tevel].7

Why must he forfeit this se'ah?8 So that he will not say: "The 100 se'ah that I set aside are ordinary produce and the 100 that remain are tevel."9 Similarly, if the amount of the tevel exceeded or was less than ordinary produce, one should separate [an amount equivalent] to the tevel and [an amount] from the ordinary produce [equivalent] to the terumat ma'aser [to be separated from the tevel] or equivalent to the terumah and terumat ma'aser [to be separated] if it was tevel from which terumah was not separated.

ג

כֵּיצַד. מֵאָה סְאָה שֶׁל טֶבֶל שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּמֵאָה סְאָה שֶׁל חֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִין מַפְרִישׁ מִן הַכּל אֶחָד וּמֵאָה. וְכָל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ טֶבֶל וְיִשָּׁאֵר צ''ט חֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִין נִמְצָא מַפְסִיד סְאָה אַחַת. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה אוֹתוֹ טֶבֶל טָבוּל לִתְרוּמָה מַפְסִיד מִן הַחֻלִּין הַמְתֻקָּנִין כְּדֵי תְּרוּמָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְלָמָּה מַפְסִיד סְאָה זוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר מֵאָה שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ הֵן מֵאָה שֶׁל חֻלִּין וְהַמֵּאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּ הוּא הַטֶּבֶל. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה הַטֶּבֶל פָּחוֹת מִן הַחֻלִּין אוֹ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַחֻלִּין מַגְבִּיהַּ הַטֶּבֶל וּכְדֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבַּטֶּבֶל מִן הַחֻלִּין אוֹ כְּדֵי תְּרוּמָה וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר אִם הָיָה הַטֶּבֶל טָבוּל לִתְרוּמָה:

4

Similarly, if tithes10 that were tevel11 became mixed with ordinary produce that has been made acceptable, even the slightest amount causes the mixture to be prohibited. If the person has other tithes, he should make a separation for the terumat ma'aser for the tithes that require this according to the appropriate proportion.12 If he does not have other tithes,13 he should remove the tithes and forfeit from the ordinary produce that has been made acceptable an amount equal to the terumat ma'aser in the tithes.14

ד

וְכֵן אִם נִתְעָרֵב מַעֲשֵׂר טָבוּל בְּחֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִין אוֹסֵר בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. אִם יֵשׁ לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר אַחֵר מוֹצִיא אוֹתוֹ עַל מַעֲשֵׂר הַטָּבוּל תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר מַגְבִּיהַּ הַמַּעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב וּמַפְסִיד מִן הַחֻלִּין הַמְתֻקָּנִין כְּדֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבַּמַעֲשֵׂר הַטָּבוּל:

5

What is implied? 100 [se'ah of] tithes become mixed with 100 [se'ah of] ordinary produce that has been made acceptable. He should separate 110 se'ah from the entire mixture. Everything that he separates is considered as the tithes. The 90 [se'ah] that remain are ordinary produce as before. Similarly, if the amount of the ordinary produce exceeds or is less than that of these tithes, he should separate the tithes and from the ordinary produce, an amount equivalent to the terumat ma'aser in the tithes.15

ה

כֵּיצַד. מֵאָה מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּמֵאָה חֻלִּין מְתֻקָּנִין מַפְרִישׁ מִן הַכּל מֵאָה וְעֶשֶׂר וְכָל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר וְהַתִּשְׁעִים הַנִּשְׁאָרוֹת הֵן חֻלִּין כְּשֶׁהָיוּ. וְכֵן אִם הָיוּ הַחֻלִּין מְרֻבִּין עַל הַמַּעֲשֵׂר הַטָּבוּל אוֹ פְּחוּתִים מִמֶּנּוּ מַפְרִישׁ הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וּכְדֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבַּמַעֲשֵׂר הַטָּבוּל מִן הַחֻלִּין:

Mishneh Torah (Moznaim)

Featuring a modern English translation and a commentary that presents a digest of the centuries of Torah scholarship which have been devoted to the study of the Mishneh Torah by Maimonides.

6

[The following laws apply when] tevel becomes mixed together with tithes16 that were tevel.17 If the amount of tevel was equivalent to the amount of the tithes, he must forfeit from the tevel an amount equivalent to the terumat ma'aser it contains.18

What is implied? There were 100 se'ah of tevel that became mixed with 100 se'ah of tithes. He should separate 101 [se'ah]; they are considered as tithes.19 The 99 remaining are considered as tevel.20

If there was more tevel than tithes, he should separate the tithes alone and he does not forfeit anything from the tevel. For if he would designate the terumat ma'aser of the tevel,21 the tithes would be meduma,22 a mixture of [the tithes]23 and the terumat ma'aser from the tithes which are separated together.

If there were more tithes than tevel, he should designate the terumat ma'aser in the tevel, setting aside the tevel and an amount equivalent to the terumat ma'aser for the tevel, i.e., one one-hundredth of the tithe. The tevel should be considered as if it is all meduma and sold to a priest with the exception of the worth of the two [portions of] terumah in it. Thus he will forfeit one hundredth of the tithes which is equivalent to the terumat ma'aser in the tevel.

What is implied? If there were 100 [se'ah] tevel with 200 [se'ah] of the tithes, he should set aside 103. The three [se'ah] are the terumat ma'aser of the 100 [se'ah] of tevel and the measure of terumat ma'aser for the 200 [se'ah of the tithes]. [This separation is necessary] so that people will not come to err if [the tithes] became mixed with an equivalent amount [of tevel]. Therefore he should leave 197 [se'ah] which will remain tithes as they were.24

ו

טֶבֶל שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּמַעֲשֵׂר טָבוּל אִם הָיָה הַטֶּבֶל כַּמַעֲשֵׂר מַפְסִיד מִן הַטֶּבֶל כְּדֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבּוֹ. כֵּיצַד. מֵאָה סְאָה טֶבֶל שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בְּמֵאָה סְאָה מַעֲשֵׂר מַפְרִישׁ אֶחָד וּמֵאָה וְזֶה שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר וְתִשְׁעִים וְתֵשַׁע הַנִּשְׁאָרוֹת טֶבֶל. הָיָה הַטֶּבֶל מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַמַּעֲשֵׂר מַפְרִישׁ הַמַּעֲשֵׂר בִּלְבַד. וְלֹא יַפְסִיד מִן הַטֶּבֶל כְּלוּם שֶׁאִם יִקְרָא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנִּטְבַּל נִמְצָא הַמַּעֲשֵׂר מְדֻמָּע בִּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל טֶבֶל שֶׁעָלְתָה עִמּוֹ. הָיָה הַמַּעֲשֵׂר מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַטֶּבֶל קוֹרֵא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר [שֶׁבַּטֶּבֶל] וּמַפְרִישׁ הַטֶּבֶל וּכְדֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל טִבְלוֹ אֶחָד מִמֵּאָה מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְיִהְיֶה הַטֶּבֶל כֻּלּוֹ מְדֻמָּע וְיִמְכְּרֶנָּה לְכֹהֵן חוּץ מִדְּמֵי שְׁתֵּי תְּרוּמוֹת שֶׁבּוֹ וְנִמְצָא מַפְסִיד מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר אֶחָד מִמֵּאָה שֶׁבּוֹ שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבַּטֶּבֶל. כֵּיצַד. מֵאָה טֶבֶל עִם מָאתַיִם מַעֲשֵׂר מַפְרִישׁ מֵאָה וְשָׁלֹשׁ וְהַשָּׁלֹשׁ הֵן תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל מֵאָה טֶבֶל וְשִׁעוּר תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר מִמָּאתַיִם כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹא לִטְעוֹת אִם נִתְעָרְבוּ בִּכְמוֹתוֹ וְיִשָּׁאֵר קצ''ז וְהֵם מַעֲשֵׂר כְּשֶׁהָיוּ:

7

Two Barrels, One From Each of the Corners
This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the
Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
Two Barrels, One From Each of the Corners

This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
[The following laws apply when a person] has [a stack with] ten lines, each containing ten barrels of wine and [the owner] allocated25 one barrel of the outer line26 as tithes for other wine,27 but he does not know which outer line [he intended]. He should take two barrels from [the corners] on a diagonal,28 mix them, and separate [the tithes] from them.29

ז

מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ עֶשֶׂר שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל עֶשֶׂר עֶשֶׂר כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְקָבַע כַּד אֶחָד מִשּׁוּרָה הַחִיצוֹנָה מַעֲשֵׂר עַל מָקוֹם אַחֵר וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ שׁוּרָה הַחִיצוֹנָה הִיא. נוֹטֵל שְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן וּמְעָרֵב שְׁתֵּיהֶן וּמַפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן:

8

If he allocated [one barrel from] the half30 of an outer row [as tithes], but does not know from which [outer] half a row, he should take four barrels, [one] from each of the corners.31 If he allocated [a barrel from] one row, but does not know which row, he should take [a barrel] from a diagonal row.32 If he allocated [a barrel from] half a row, but does not know which half a row, he should take [a barrel] from two diagonal rows.33 Thus he will be taking a barrel from each half row. He should then mix them together and separate [the tithes].

Four Barrels, One From Each of the Corners
This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the
Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
Four Barrels, One From Each of the Corners

This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
A Diagonal Row of Barrels
This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the
Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
A Diagonal Row of Barrels

This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
Two Diagonal Rows of Barrels
This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the
Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.
Two Diagonal Rows of Barrels

This diagram ls adapted from a diagram drawn by the Rambam in his Commentary to the Mishnah.

ח

קְבָעָהּ בַּחֲצִי שׁוּרָה הַחִיצוֹנָה וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ חֲצִי שׁוּרָה הִיא נוֹטֵל אַרְבַּע חָבִיּוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע זָוִיּוֹת. קְבָעָהּ בְּשׁוּרָה אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ שׁוּרָה הִיא נוֹטֵל שׁוּרָה אַחַת בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן. קְבָעָהּ בַּחֲצִי שׁוּרָה וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ חֲצִי שׁוּרָה הִיא נוֹטֵל שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן שֶׁהֲרֵי נָטַל חָבִית מִכָּל חֲצִי שׁוּרָה וּמְעָרֵב וּמַפְרִישׁ:

9

If he allocated one barrel as tithes but does not know which barrel it is, he should take [some wine] from each of the 100 barrels, mix it together, and separate enough for one barrel as tithes.

ט

קָבַע הַמַּעֲשֵׂר בְּכַד אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ הִיא נוֹטֵל מִכָּל כַּד וְכַד מִן הַמֵּאָה וּמְעָרֵב וּמַפְרִישׁ כְּדֵי כַּד אַחַת וּמְעַשֵּׂר: