1Meal-offerings are a type of sacrifice.1 The meal-offerings that are offered independently and not as part of the accompanying offerings2 include both communal meal-offerings and individual meal-offerings.אהַמְּנָחוֹת הֵן מִן הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת. וְהַמְּנָחוֹת הַבָּאוֹת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְאֵינָן בָּאוֹת מִשּׁוּם נְסָכִים - מֵהֶם מִנְחַת צִבּוּר וּמֵהֶם מִנְחַת יָחִיד.
2All of the meal-offerings are brought from fine wheat flour with the exception of the meal offering of a sotah3 and the omer with which tenufah is performed4 which are brought from barley.בוְכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת סֹלֶת חִטִּים; חוּץ מִמִּנְחַת סוֹטָה וְעֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה, שֶׁהֵם מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים.
3There are three types of communal meal-offerings: a) The omer with which tenufah is performed. A portion of it is offered on the altar, as will be explained.5 b) The two breads offered on Shavuot.6 They are called a meal-offering, but are not offered on the altar and are chametz.7 Concerning them, Leviticus 2:12 states: “You shall offer them as a sacrifice of first fruits to God, but they shall not be offered on the altar.” c) The third meal-offering is the showbread that is brought every Sabbath. They are not offered on the altar, but instead are eaten entirely by the priests, as will be explained.8גשָׁלוֹשׁ מְנָחוֹת לַצִּבּוּר: עֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה. וְהוּא קָרֵב לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר. וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם שֶׁמְּבִיאִין בְּיוֹם עֲצֶרֶת. וְאֵלּוּ נִקְרְאוּ 'מִנְחָה' וְאֵינָן קְרֵבִין לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְהֵן חָמֵץ, וַעֲלֵיהֶם נֶאֱמַר "קָרְבַּן רֵאשִׁית תַּקְרִיבוּ אֹתָם לַה' וְאֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֹא יַעֲלוּ" (ויקרא ב, יב). וְהַמִּנְחָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית - הוּא לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בְּכָל שַׁבָּת, וְאֵינוֹ קָרֵב לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, אֶלָא כֻּלּוֹ נֶאֱכָל לַכּוֹהֲנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר.
4There are nine types of individual meal-offerings. They are all offered on the altar.9 They include:
a) The meal-offering of a sinner when he is obligated to bring a sin-offering, but is financially incapable.10
b) The meal offering of a sotah; it is the meal-offering of jealously. The manner in which it was offered has already been described. c) The meal-offering that every priest brings at the outset when he enters the Temple service the first time. He brings it himself. It is called the meal-offering of initiation.11
d) The meal-offering that the High Priest would offer every day. It is called the chavitin offering;12
e) a meal-offering of fine flour.13 It is brought as either a vow or a pledge;14 f) a flat-pan flour-offering.15 It is brought as either a vow or a pledge; g) a deep-pan flour-offering.16 It is brought as either a vow or a pledge; h) a flour-offering baked in an oven.17 It is brought as either a vow or a pledge;
i) an offering of wafers.18 It is brought as either a vow or a pledge.דוְתֵשַׁע מְנָחוֹת לַיָּחִיד, וְכֻלָּן קְרֵבִין לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: (א) מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא - וְהִיא הַמִּנְחָה שֶׁמַּקְרִיב הֶעָנִי, כְּשֶׁיִּתְחַיֵּב חַטָּאת וְלֹא תַּגִּיעַ יָדוֹ. (ב) מִנְחַת סוֹטָה - וְהִיא מִנְחַת הַקְּנָאוֹת, שֶׁכְּבָר נִתְפָּרְשׁוּ מַעֲשֶׂיהָ. (ג) הַמִּנְחָה שֶׁמַּקְרִיב כָּל כּוֹהֵן תְּחִלָּה כְּשֶׁיִּכָּנֵס לָעֲבוֹדָה, שֶׁמַּקְרִיב אוֹתָהּ בְּיָדוֹ, וְהִיא הַנִּקְרֵאת 'מִנְחַת חִנּוּךְ'.
(ד) הַמִּנְחָה שֶׁמַּקְרִיב כּוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּכָל יוֹם, וְהִיא הַנִּקְרֵאת 'חֲבִתִּין'. (ה) מִנְחַת הַסֹּלֶת, וְהִיא בָּאָה בְּנֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה. (ו) מִנְחַת הַמַּחֲבַת, וְהִיא בָּאָה בְּנֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה. (ז) מִנְחַת הַמַּרְחֶשֶׁת, וְהִיא בָּאָה בְּנֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה. (ח) מִנְחַת מַאֲפֵה תַּנּוּר חַלּוֹת, וְהִיא בָּאָה בְּנֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה. (ט) מִנְחַת מַאֲפֵה תַּנּוּר רְקִיקִין, וְהִיא בָּאָה בְּנֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה.
5With regard to all of the meal-offerings that are brought to the altar, none may be less than an isaron,19 even a small portion of it is an absolute requirement for the entire offering to be acceptable.
A person may pledge and vow as large a quantity as he desires, even 1000 esronim20 for any of the five meal-offerings that are brought as a pledge or a vow. By contrast, the meal-offering of the omer, the meal-offering of a sinner, the meal-offering of jealously, the meal-offering of initiation, and the chavitin offering must each be one isaron, neither more or less.הכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת הַקְּרֵבוֹת לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ - אֵין כָּל אַחַת מֵהֶן פְּחוּתָה מֵעִשָּׂרוֹן, וּמִעוּטוֹ מְעַכֵּב אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. וְחָמֵשׁ מְנָחוֹת הַבָּאוֹת בְּנֶדֶר וּנְדָבָה - יֵשׁ לוֹ לְהִתְנַדֵּב וְלִנְדֹּר מֵהֶן כָּל שֶׁיִּרְצֶה, אַפִלּוּ אֶלֶף עִשָּׂרוֹן. אֲבָל מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר, וּמִנְחַת חוֹטֵא, וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת, וּמִנְחַת חִנּוּךְ, וְהַחֲבִתִּין - כָּל אַחַת מֵהֶן עִשָּׂרוֹן אֶחָד, לֹא פָּחוֹת וְלֹא יָתֵר.
6All of the meal-offerings21 that are brought to the altar must be brought close to the altar on its western side, facing the tip of its southwest corner.22 Tenufah23 is not required for them with the exception of the meal-offering of a sotah24 and the omer offering.25 Both of them require both tenufah and being brought close to the altar.וכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת הַקְּרֵבוֹת לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ - טְעוּנוֹת הַגָּשָׁה בַּמַּעֲרָב כְּנֶגֶד חֻדָּהּ שֶׁל קֶרֶן דְּרוֹמִית מַעַרָבִית, וְאֵינָן טְעוּנוֹת תְּנוּפָה; חוּץ מִמִּנְחַת סוֹטָה, וְעֹמֶר הַתְּנוּפָה - שֶׁשְּׁתֵּיהֶן טְעוּנוֹת תְּנוּפָה וְהַגָּשָׁה.
7All of the meal-offerings that are brought to the altar26 require that oil and frankincense be placed upon them,27 a log28 of oil for every isaron of flour29 and a handful of frankincense for every meal-offering whether it comprised one isaron or 60 esronim30 —the latter measure is mentioned because more than 60 esronim are never brought in one container, as will be explained31 —with the exception of the meal-offering of jealously and the meal-offering of a sinner, as Leviticus 5:11 states:32 “He shall not place oil upon it,33 nor shall he place frankincense upon it.”34זכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת הַקְּרֵבוֹת לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, טְעוּנוֹת שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה. לוֹג שֶׁמֶן לְכָל עִשָּׂרוֹן; וְקֹמֶץ לְבוֹנָה לְכָל מִנְחָה, בֵּין שֶׁהָיְתָה עִשָּׂרוֹן אֶחָד בֵּין שֶׁהָיְתָה שִׁשִּׁים עִשָּׂרוֹן, שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִין בִּכְלִי אֶחָד יָתֵר עַל שִׁשִּׁים עִשָּׂרוֹן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר. חוּץ מִמִּנְחַת קְנָאוֹת וּמִנְחַת חוֹטֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לֹא יָשִׂים עָלֶיהָ שֶׁמֶן וְלֹא יִתֵּן עָלֶיהָ לְבֹנָה" (ויקרא ה, יא).
8If one placed oil and/or frankincense on these offerings and offered them,35 he is liable for the oil individually and the frankincense individually.36 If one placed a container holding oil or frankincense on the offering, he does not transgress,37 nor does he disqualify the offerings.38 Oil must be added to each of the initiation and chavitin meal-offerings, as will be explained.39חנָתַן וְהִקְרִיב - לוֹקֶה עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְעַל הַלְּבוֹנָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. נָתַן כְּלִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ שֶׁמֶן אוֹ לְבוֹנָה עַל גַּבֶּיהָ - אֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר, וְלֹא פָסַל. מִנְחַת חִנּוּךְ וְהַחֲבִתִּין - מוֹסִיף לְכָל אַחַת מֵהֶן שֶׁמֶן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר.
9A handful is taken40 from all of the meal-offerings that are brought to the altar.41 That handful is offered on the altar in its entirety and the remainder of the offering is eaten by the priests with the exception of a meal-offering brought by a male priest. A handful is not taken from such an offering. Instead, the entire offering is offered on the altar’s pyre, as Leviticus 6:16 states: “Every meal-offering from a priest is offered on the pyre in its entirety.”42 From this we learn that all of the following offerings: an initiation and chavitin meal-offering or a meal-offering of a sinner or a free-will meal-offering brought by a priest are all offered on the altar’s pyre and a handful is not taken from them.טכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת הַקְּרֵבוֹת לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ נִקְמָצוֹת, וּמַקְטִיר הַקֹּמֶץ כֻּלּוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְהַשְּׁאָר נֶאֱכָל לַכּוֹהֲנִים; חוּץ מִמִּנְחַת זִכְרֵי כְּהֻנָּה - שֶׁאֵינָהּ נִקְמֶצֶת אֶלָא מַקְטִירִין אוֹתָהּ כֻּלָּהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכָל מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן..." (ויקרא ו, טז). הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁמִּנְחַת חִנּוּךְ, וְהַחֲבִתִּין, וְכוֹהֵן שֶׁהֵבִיא מִנְחַת חוֹטֵא אוֹ מִנְחַת נְדָבָה - כֻּלָּן נִשְׂרָפוֹת עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְאֵינָן נִקְמָצוֹת.
10A handful is taken from a meal-offering brought by woman of the priestly family43 as it is taken from the meal-offerings brought by Israelites and the remainder of it is eaten.44יהַכּוֹהֶנֶת - מִנְחָתָהּ נִקְמֶצֶת כְּמִנְחַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּשְׁיָרֶיהָ נֶאֱכָלִין.
11When sons from a priestly family and one of Israelites become intermingled and each of their identities are doubtful, a handful is taken from a meal-offering brought by either, as is done with regard to a meal-offering brought by an Israelite, but the remainder is not eaten, as is done with a meal-offering brought by a priest.45 What is done? The handful alone is offered on the altar and the remainder is scattered over the ash heap.46יאוְלָדוֹת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ וַהֲרֵי כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן סָפֵק - מִנְחָתָם נִקְמֶצֶת כְּמִנְחַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת כְּמִנְחַת כּוֹהֲנִים. כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂים? הַקֹּמֶץ קָרֵב בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְהַשְּׁיָרִים מִתְפַּזְּרִין עַל בֵּית הַדֶּשֶׁן.
12The meal-offerings brought by all women married to a priest—whether from the priestly family or Israelites—are not eaten, because of the portion of the husband present within them,47 nor is it offered on the pyre in its entirety, because of the portion of the woman.48 Instead, a handful alone is offered on the altar and the remainder is scattered over the ash heap. The handful may be taken in any place within the Temple Courtyard. If it was taken in the Temple Building, it is acceptable.יבכָּל הַנְּשׂוּאוֹת לַכּוֹהֲנִים, בֵּין כּוֹהֶנֶת בֵּין יִשְׂרְאֵלִית - אֵין שְׁיָרֵי מִנְחוֹתֵיהֶן נֶאֱכָלִים, מִפְּנֵי חֵלֶק הַבַּעַל, וְאֵינָהּ כֻּלָּהּ לָאִשִּׁים, מִפְּנֵי חֵלֶק הָאִשָּׁה; אֶלָא הַקֹּמֶץ קָרֵב לְעַצְמוֹ, וְהַשְּׁיָרִים מִתְפַּזְּרִין עַל בֵּית הַדֶּשֶׁן. הַקְּמִיצָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם בָּעֲזָרָה. וְאִם קָמַץ בַּהֵיכָל, כְּשֵׁרָה.
13A meal-offering may be consecrated by placing the flour in a container even while it is placed on the ground.49 Similarly, the handful may be taken from a container placed on the ground, but the handful may not be consecrated50 in a container placed on the ground.51 When is the remainder of a meal-offering permitted to be eaten? When the fire of the altar has consumed most of the handful.יגמְקַדְּשִׁין מִנְחָה בִּכְלִי שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע, וְקוֹמְצִין מִכְּלִי שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע; וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין הַקֹּמֶץ בִּכְלִי שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע. וּמֵאֵימָתַי יֻתְּרוּ הַשְּׁיָרִים בַּאֲכִילָה? מִשֶּׁיַּצִּית הָאוּר בְּרֹב הַקֹּמֶץ.
14All of the meal-offerings that are brought to the altar are unleavened.52 Similarly, although the remaining portions of the meal-offerings that may be eaten by the priests may be eaten with all foods and with a sweetener,53 they may not be eaten while leavened, as Leviticus 6:10 states: “It shall not be baked leavened; their portion....” Implied is that even their portion may not be leavened. If they cause the remaining portion to become leavened, they are liable for lashes.54 One who performs an act that causes the remaining portion of the meal-offering to be leavened after it was leavened,55 is liable. One is liable for each act that causes the remnants of the meal-offering to leaven.56ידכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת הַקְּרֵבוֹת לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, מַצָּה. וְכֵן שְׁיָרֵי הַמְּנָחוֹת שֶׁאוֹכְלִין הַכּוֹהֲנִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מֻתָּרִין לֶאֱכֹל אוֹתָן בְּכָל מַאֲכָל, וּבִדְבַשׁ - אֵין אוֹכְלִין אוֹתָהּ חָמֵץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לֹא תֵאָפֶה חָמֵץ חֶלְקָם" (ויקרא ו, י) - אַפִלּוּ חֶלְקָם לֹא יַחְמִיצוּ. וְאִם הֶחְמִיץ שְׁיָרֶיהָ, לוֹקֶה. וְהַמְּחַמֵּץ אַחַר הַמְּחַמֵּץ, חַיָּב. וְלוֹקִין, עַל כָּל עֲשִׂיָּה וַעֲשִׂיָּה שֶׁבָּהּ.
15What is implied? If one mixed the remnants of a meal-offering with water in manner that causes them to leaven,57 one kneaded them in a manner that causes them to leaven, one shaped the loaves in such a manner, or baked them in such a manner, he is liable for lashes,58 as Leviticus 2:11 states: “It shall not be prepared as leavened.” Now it is also written: “It shall not be baked leavened.” Why are the two verses necessary? To make one liable for every individual act performed in its preparation. If one prepared it as leavened from the beginning to the end, one is liable for lashes for every individual act performed.טוכֵּיצַד? לָשָׁהּ חָמֵץ אוֹ עַרָכָהּ חָמֵץ אוֹ קִטְפָהּ חָמֵץ אוֹ אֲפָאָהּ חָמֵץ - לוֹקֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לֹא תֵעָשֶׂה חָמֵץ" (ויקרא ב, יא), וְנֶאֱמַר "לֹא תֵאָפֶה חָמֵץ" (ויקרא ו, י) - לְחַיֵּב עַל כָּל מַעֲשֶׂה יְחִידִי שֶׁבָּהּ. עָשָׂהּ חָמֵץ מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף, לוֹקֶה עַל כָּל מַעֲשֶׂה מֵהֶן.
16If one left yeast on a dough and then departed and sat elsewhere and let it leaven on its own accord, he is liable for lashes, for placing yeast on the dough is a deed.59טזהִנִּיחַ שְׂאוֹר עַל גַּבֵּי הָעִיסָה וְהָלַךְ וְיָשַׁב לוֹ וְנִתְחַמְּצָה מֵאֵלֶיהָ - לוֹקֶה; שֶׁהַנָּחַת הַשְּׂאוֹר הוּא הַמַּעֲשֶׂה.
17If one dipped the remainder of a meal-offering in caraway or sesame seeds or any type of spice or oil, it is acceptable. It is matzah; it is merely called spiced matzah.60יזתִּבֵּל הַשְּׁיָרִים בְּקֶצַח אוֹ בְּשֻׁמְשְׁמִין, וּבְכָל מִינֵי תְּבָלִין וּשְׁמָנִים - כְּשֵׁרָה; מַצָּה הִיא, אֶלָא שֶׁנִּקְרֵאת 'מַצָּה מְתֻבֶּלֶת'.
18A person who causes a meal-offering that was disqualified61 to become leavened is exempt, as implied by Leviticus 2:11: “which will be offered to God; it should not be prepared as leaven.” We can infer that the prohibition applies when the offering is acceptable to God, not when it is disqualified. If one caused a meal-offering to become leaven while it was acceptable and then it was taken outside the Temple Courtyard,62 and he then caused it to leaven again after it was disqualified, he is not liable63 for lashes.64 If one caused a meal-offering to become leavened at the top of the altar, he is not liable for lashes, for it is written “which will be offered,” and this offering was already offered and it is acceptable.65יחהַמְּחַמֵּץ מִנְחָה פְּסוּלָה - פָּטוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֲשֶׁר תַּקְרִיבוּ לַה' לֹא תֵעָשֶׂה חָמֵץ" (ויקרא ב, יא) - הַכְּשֵׁרָה לַה', לֹא הַפְּסוּלָה. חִמְּצָהּ כְּשֶׁהִיא כְּשֵׁרָה, וְיָצָאת לַחוּץ, וְחָזַר וְחִמְּצָהּ אַחַר שֶׁנִּפְסְלָה בִּיצִיאָתָהּ - אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה. חִמְּצָהּ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל מִּזְבֵּחַ - אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אֲשֶׁר תַּקְרִיבוּ", וּכְבָר קָרְבָה זוֹ, וְהִיא כְּשֵׁרָה.
19One who causes the showbread to become leaven is liable for lashes, for the verse cited states: “Any meal-offering.”66 Causing the meal-offering of the accompanying offering to leaven does not incur liability for lashes. For if the flour was mixed with water, it was disqualified before it became leavened.67 And if it was mixed with the oil68 of the accompanying offerings, it is considered as fruit-juice and it does not cause dough to leaven.69יטהַמְּחַמֵּץ לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים - לוֹקֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כָּל הַמִּנְחָה" (ויקרא ב, יא). אֲבָל מִנְחַת נְסָכִים, אֵין בָּהּ מַלְקוּת; שֶׁאִם גִּבְּלָהּ בַּמַּיִם - הֲרֵי נִפְסְלָה קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּתְחַמֵּץ, וְאִם גִּבְּלָהּ בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁל נְסָכִים - מֵי פֵּרוֹת הֵן, וְאֵינָן מַחְמִיצִין.
20We do not soak the wheat kernels70 for the meal-offerings, lest they leaven. For they would be soaked outside the Temple Courtyard71 and not everyone is ardent enough to watch them so that they do not leaven. With regard to the meal-offering of the omer, since it is a communal offering, the kernels are soaked, for those acting on behalf of the Jewish people as a whole are ardent72 and watch it.כהַחִטִּים שֶׁל מְּנָחוֹת אֵין לוֹתְתִין אוֹתָן, שֶׁמָּא יַחְמִיצוּ; שֶׁהֲרֵי בַּחוּץ לוֹתְתִין אוֹתָן, וְאֵין הַכֹּל זְרִיזִין לְשָׁמְרָן. אֲבָל מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר, הוֹאִיל וְהִיא שֶׁל צִּבּוּר - לוֹתְתִין אוֹתָהּ; שֶׁהֲרֵי הַצִּבּוּר זְרִיזִין הֵן וּמְשַׁמְּרִין אוֹתָהּ.
21All of the meal-offerings that are baked should be mixed with lukewarm water73 and watched so that they do not leaven. This is permitted, because they are mixed and baked within the Temple Courtyard and the priests inside the Temple Courtyard are ardent.74כאכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת הַנֶּאֱפוֹת נִלּוֹשׁוֹת בְּפוֹשְׁרִין, וּמְשַׁמְּרָן שֶׁלֹּא יַחְמִיצוּ, הוֹאִיל וְלִישָׁתָן וַאֲפִיָּתָן בִּפְנִים בָּעֲזָרָה, אַנְשֵׁי פְּנִים זְרִיזִין הֵן.
22In the place where the sacrifices of the most sacred order are cooked, the meal-offerings are baked,75 as Ezekiel 46:20 states: “This is the place where the priests will cook the guilt-offering and the sin-offering, where they will bake the meal-offering....”כבוּבַמָקוֹם שֶׁמְּבַשְּׁלִין קָדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים - שָׁם אוֹפִין אֶת הַמְּנָחוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "זֶה הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יְבַשְּׁלוּ שָׁם הַכֹּהֲנִים אֶת הָאָשָׁם וְאֶת הַחַטָאת אֲשֶׁר יֹאפוּ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה..." (יחזקאל מו, כ).
23The grinding and the sifting of the flour for the meal-offerings is performed outside the Temple Courtyard,76 while the mixing of the dough, the kneading, and the baking are performed inside.77 All of the acts necessary to prepare it are acceptable when performed by a non-priest until it reaches the stage where the handful of flour is separated.78 There were a flat frying pan and a deep frying pan in the Temple Courtyard. They were both considered as sacred utensils and caused the substances placed in them to be sanctified.79 The oven in the Temple Courtyard was made of metal.80כגכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת - טְחִינָתָן וְהַרְקָדָתָן בַּחוּץ, וְלִישָׁתָן וַעֲרִיכָתָן וַאֲפִיָּתָן בִּפְנִים. וְכָל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶן כְּשֵׁרִים בְּזָר, עַד שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ לְבֵית הַקְּמִיצָה. וּמַחֲבַת וּמַרְחֶשֶׁת הָיוּ בָּעֲזָרָה, וּשְׁתֵּיהֶם מִכְּלֵי הַשָּׁרֵת וּמְקַדְּשִׁין. וְתַנּוּר שֶׁל מִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת הָיָה.