1Just as it is a mitzvah for all the sacrifices to be unblemished and of the highest quality,1 so too, the accompanying offerings2 must be unblemished and of the highest quality, as Numbers 28:31 states: “They3 shall be perfect for you, as should be their accompanying offerings.” Implied is that the accompanying offerings should also be unblemished.אכְּשֵׁם שֶׁמִּצְוָה לִהְיוֹת כָּל קָרְבָּן תָּמִים וְנִבְחָר, כָּךְ נְסָכָיו יִהְיוּ תְּמִימִים וְנִבְחָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "תְּמִימִם יִהְיוּ לָכֶם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם" (במדבר כח, לא) - שֶׁיִּהְיוּ הַנְּסָכִים תְּמִימִים.
He should not bring wine libations that have been affected by smoke,4 nor flour that is worm-infested.5 Nor should he mix the flour with oil that is foul-smelling or foul-tasting.6שֶׁלֹּא יָבִיא נְסָכִים לֹא יַיִן מְעֻשָּׁן, וְלֹא סֹלֶת שֶׁהִתְלִיעָה, וְלֹא יִבְלֹל בְּשֶׁמֶן שֶׁרֵיחוֹ אוֹ טַעְמוֹ רָע.
2Similarly, the wood for the arrangement of the altar should only be of the highest quality. They should not be worm-infested.7בוְכֵן עֲצֵי הַמַּעֲרָכָה לֹא יִהְיוּ אֶלָא נִבְחָרִים, וְלֹא יִהְיֶה בָּהֶם תּוֹלַעַת.
Any tree that is worm-infested when it is fresh is unacceptable for the altar.8וְכָל עֵץ שֶׁהִתְלִיעַ כְּשֶׁהוּא לַח, פָּסוּל לַמִּזְבֵּחַ.
If it became worm-infested after it dried out, one should scrape away the place that became worm-infested.הִתְלִיעַ יָבֵשׁ, גּוֹרֵד אֶת הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁהִתְלִיעַ.
Wood that comes from a building that was torn down is invalid. One should use only new wood.9וַעֲצֵי סְתִירָה פְּסוּלִין לְעוֹלָם, לֹא יָבִיאוּ אֶלָא חֲדָשִׁים.
3There is an unresolved doubt when one consecrates invalid wine, flour, oil, or wood to the altar: Are they considered like a blemished animal in which instance, he would be liable for lashes10 or do they not resemble a blemished animal? Hence, he is not liable for lashes. He is, however, given stripes for rebellious conduct.11גהַמַּקְדִּישׁ יַיִן פָּסוּל אוֹ סֹלֶת פְּסוּלָה אוֹ שֶׁמֶן פָּסוּל אוֹ עֵצִים פְּסוּלִים לַמִּזְבֵּחַ - הֲרֵי הַדָּבָר סָפֵק, אִם דּוֹמִים לְבַעַל מוּם כִּבְהֵמָה, וְלוֹקֶה; אוֹ אֵינָן כְּבַעַל מוּם. לְפִיכָךְ אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה, וּמַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת.
4Fine flour, wine, oil, frankincense, fowl, wood, and sacred utensils that became invalid or impure should not be redeemed, as can be inferred from Leviticus 27:11-12: “He shall cause it to stand before the priest” and “have it evaluated.” Whatever can be caused to stand before a priest can be evaluated. These cannot be caused to stand before a priest. Therefore they are never redeemed.12דהַסֹּלֶת וְהַיַּיִן וְהַשֶּׁמֶן וְהַלְּבוֹנָה וְהָעוֹפוֹת וְהָעֵצִים וּכְלֵי שָׁרֵת שֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ אוֹ שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ - אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהֶעֱמִיד... וְהֶעֱרִיךְ" (ויקרא כז, יא-יב) - כָּל שֶׁיֶּשְׁנוֹ בְּהַעֲמָדָה, נֶעְרָךְ; וְאֵלּוּ אֵינָן בִּכְלַל הַעֲמָדָה, לְפִיכָךְ אֵין נִפְדִּין לְעוֹלָם.
5When does the above apply? When they became13 invalidated or impure after they became sanctified in a sacred vessel, but before they have been sanctified in a sacred vessel, they may be redeemed if they become impure or invalid.הבַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים? בְּשֶׁנִּפְסְלוּ אוֹ נִטְמְאוּ אַחַר שֶׁנִּתְקַדְּשׁוּ בִּכְלִי הַשָּׁרֵת; אֲבָל קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְקַדְּשׁוּ בִּכְלִי, אִם נִטְמְאוּ אוֹ נִפְסְלוּ - פּוֹדִין אוֹתָן.
Pure objects, by contrast, should not be redeemed even if they were not consecrated in a sacred utensil with the exception of the flour brought as a sin-offering. Concerning which it is said Leviticus 5:6 “of his sin-offering” and ibid.:13 “concerning his sin-offering,” as will be explained.14 From the juxtaposition of the verses, it is inferred that one may bring a sin offering from the money of his sin-offering.אֲבָל טְהוֹרִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעֲדַיִן לֹא קָדְשׁוּ בִּכְלִי - אֵין פּוֹדִין אוֹתָן. חוּץ מִמִּנְחַת חוֹטֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ "מֵחַטָּאתוֹ" (ויקרא ה, י) "עַל חַטָּאתוֹ" (ויקרא ה, יג) - לוֹמַר שֶׁמֵּבִיא חַטָּאתוֹ מִדְּמֵי חַטָּאתוֹ כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר.
Therefore before it was consecrated in a sacred utensil it is considered as consecrated for its monetary value and it can be redeemed even though it is ritually pure.לְפִיכָךְ, קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּתְקַדֵּשׁ בִּכְלִי שָׁרֵת, הֲרֵי הִיא כִּקְדֻשַּׁת דָּמִים, וּפוֹדִין אוֹתָהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה.
A separate arrangement of wood should be made for all of the accompanying offerings15 that became impure and they should be burnt on the altar.16וְכָל הַנְּסָכִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ - עוֹשֶׂה לָהֶן מַעֲרָכָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְשׂוֹרְפָן בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ.
6The following laws apply with regard to the water for the libation of Sukkot17 that became impure and then it was joined to an acceptable mikveh,18 as will be explained with regard to the Laws of Purity.19 If he purified it and then consecrated it, it may be used for a libation. If, however, it was consecrated and then became impure, since it was disqualified, it should remain disqualified.20ומֵי הֶחָג שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ, וְהִשִּׁיקָן וְטִהֲרָן כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר בִּטְהָרוֹת: אִם טִהֲרָן וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִקְדִּישָׁן - הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְנַסְּכִין; וְאִם הִקְדִּישָׁן וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִטְמְאוּ - הוֹאִיל וְנִדְחוּ יִדָּחוּ.
7When olives and grapes became impure, they should be crushed less than an egg-sized portion21 at a time.22 The liquids that emerge from them are acceptable for the accompanying offerings. For these liquids are considered as distinct and set aside in the foods and it is as if they are not from their body.23זזֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ - דּוֹרְכָן פָּחוֹת פָּחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה, וְהַמַּשְׁקִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מֵהֶן כְּשֵׁרִים לַנְּסָכִים; שֶׁהַמַּשְׁקֶה מֻפְקָד הוּא בָּאֹכֶל, וּכְאִלּוּ אֵינוֹ מִגּוּפוֹ.
8Our Sages established an additional safeguard with regard to consecrated objects: When seeds became impure, even if they are sown, the produce that grows from them is not acceptable for the accompanying offerings, for sowing produce is not effective in restoring ritual purity for consecrated entities.24 Similarly, with regard to wood and frankincense, even though they are inedible, they can become impure like foods with regard to the sacrifices.25 In such an instance, the wood and the frankincense become disqualified for the altar because of this impurity and they should not be offered.חמַעֲלָה יְתֵרָה עָשׂוּ חֲכָמִים בַּקֳּדָשִׁים: שֶׁזְּרָעִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ, אַפִלּוּ זְרָעָן - הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן פָּסוּל לַנְּסָכִים; שֶׁאֵין זְרִיעָה מוֹעֶלֶת לַקֳּדָשִׁים. וְכֵן הָעֵצִים וְהַלְּבוֹנָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן אֹכָלִין - הֲרֵי הֵן מִטַּמְּאִין כְּאֹכֶל לְעִנְיַן הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת, וְיִפָּסְלוּ הָעֵצִים וְהַלְּבוֹנָה בְּטֻמְאָה זוֹ לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, וְאֵין מַקְרִיבִין אוֹתָן.
9These are the types of wine that are invalid as libations for the altar: sweetened wine,26 smoked wine,27 wine cooked over fire or in the sun until its flavor was changed by the cooking.טוְאֵלּוּ הֵן הַיֵּינוֹת הַפְּסוּלִין לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ: הַמָּתוֹק, וְהַמְּעֻשָּׁן, וְהַמְּבֻשָּׁל בָּאֵשׁ, וְהַמְּבֻשָּׁל בַּשֶּׁמֶשׁ עַד שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנָּה טַעְמוֹ בַּבִּשּׁוּל.
The types of wine to be listed should not be brought as libations as an initial preference, but if they were brought, they are acceptable. They include: wine was warmed in the sun,28 but its flavor did not change due to the cooking and similarly, raisin wine, wine from the vat that is less than 40 days old,29 wine from grapes grown on trellises, wine from a vineyard in an arid region or in a dungheap, wine from vines in which other produce was sown between them, or wine from a vineyard that was not tilled.30אֲבָל יַיִן שֶׁמְּחַמְּמִין אוֹתוֹ בַּשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְלֹא נָתְנָה בּוֹ טַעַם בִּשּׁוּל, וְכֵן יֵין צִמּוּקִין, וְיַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא שָׁהָה אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם, וְיֵין הַדָּלִיּוֹת, וְיֵין כֶּרֶם הַנָּטוּעַ בְּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין אוֹ בְּבֵית הַזְּבָלִים, אוֹ יֵין גְּפָנִים שֶׁנִּזְרַע זֶרַע בֵּינֵיהֶן, אוֹ יֵין כֶּרֶם שֶׁלֹּא נֶעְבַד - כָּל אֵלּוּ הַיֵּינוֹת לֹא יָבִיא לְכַתְּחִלָּה; וְאִם הֵבִיא, כָּשֵׁר.
10Wine that was left uncovered31 is not acceptable as libations for the altar.ייַיִן שֶׁנִּתְגַּלָּה, פָּסוּל לְגַבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ.
If one draped a vine over a fig tree, its wine is unacceptable for a libation, for its fragrance has changed and Leviticus 23:37 states: “Sacrifice and libations,” equating the two. Just as the appearance of an animal offered as a sacrifice may not have changed,32 the wine for libations may not have changed.הִדְלָה גֶּפֶן עַל גַּבֵּי תְּאֵנָה - יֵינָהּ פָּסוּל לִנְסָכִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנָּה רֵיחוֹ, וַהֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר "זֶבַח וּנְסָכִים" (ויקרא כג, לז) - מַה זֶבַח שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּנָּה, אַף נְסָכִים שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּנּוּ.
11When the majority of fine flour has become worm-ridden or the majority of the kernels of wheat have become worm-ridden33 and flour was made from them, it is unacceptable.יאסֹלֶת שֶׁהִתְלִיעָה רֻבָּהּ, אוֹ הִתְלִיעוּ רֹב הַחִטִּים שֶׁנַּעֲשֵׂית מֵהֶן - פְּסוּלָה.
If the majority of one kernel of wheat became worm-ridden, there is an unresolved doubt with regard to its acceptability.הִתְלִיעַ רֹב חִטָּה אַחַת, הֲרֵי זוֹ סָפֵק.
Whenever flour dust remains in the fine flour,34 it is unacceptable.וְכָל סֹלֶת שֶׁנִּשְׁאָר בָּהּ קֶמַח, פְּסוּלָה.
12How is the matter checked? The treasurer inserts his hand into the fine flour. If dust clings to it as he removes it,35 it is unacceptable until he sifts it again.יבכֵּיצַד בּוֹדְקָהּ? מַכְנִיס הַגִּזְבָּר יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַסֹּלֶת, אִם עָלָה בָּהּ אָבָק - פְּסוּלָה עַד שֶׁיַּחְזֹר וִינַפֶּה אוֹתָהּ.
Fine flour from wheat that grew in an arid land, a dungheap, in an orchard, on land that was not left fallow and tilled should not be brought as an initial preference,36 if it was brought, it is acceptable.אֲבָל סֹלֶת חִטִּים שֶׁנִּזְרְעוּ בְּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין, אוֹ בְּבֵית הַזְּבָלִים, אוֹ בְּבֵית הָאִילָן, אוֹ בָּאָרֶץ שֶׁלֹּא נָרָהּ וְלֹא עֲבָדָהּ - לֹא יָבִיא לְכַתְּחִלָּה; וְאִם הֵבִיא, כָּשֵׁר.
13When wheat kernels were collected from cattle feces and then sown in the ground, there is an unresolved doubt if their disgusting characteristic has departed because they were sown37 or they are still considered as disgusting. Therefore one should not bring meal offerings from such flour as an initial preference. If he brought, they are acceptable.יגחִטִּים שֶׁלִּקְטָן מִגֶּלְלֵי הַבָּקָר וּזְרָעָם - הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ סָפֵק אִם עָבְרָה מִאוּסָן בַּזְּרִיעָה אוֹ עֲדַיִן הֵן מְאוּסִין. לְפִיכָךְ לֹא יָבִיא מֵהֶן מְנָחוֹת; וְאִם הֵבִיא, כָּשֵׁר.
14These are the oils which are unacceptable: oil from olives soaked in water or of pickled38 or cooked olives, oil from olive dregs, or foul-smelling oil. All of these are unacceptable.ידוְאֵלּוּ הֵן הַשְּׁמָנִים הַפְּסוּלִין: שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל גַרְגְּרִים שֶׁנִּשְׁרוּ בַּמַּיִם, אוֹ שֶׁלּ זֵיתִים כְּבוּשִׁין, אוֹ שְׁלוּקִין, אוֹ שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל שְׁמָרִים, אוֹ שֶׁמֶן שֶׁרֵיחוֹ רָע - כָּל אֵלּוּ פְּסוּלִין.
In contrast, oil from olives that were planted in a dungheap, in an arid region, which had another crop sown between them, or oil that was produced from olives that have not ripened and are still immature39 should not be brought as an initial preference, but if it was brought, it is acceptable.אֲבָל שֶׁמֶן זַיִת שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ בְּבֵית הַזְּבָלִים, אוֹ בְּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין, אוֹ שֶׁנִּזְרַע זֶרַע בֵּינֵיהֶן, אוֹ שֶׁמֶן שֶׁהוֹצִיאוֹ מִזֵּיתִים שֶׁלֹּא בָּשְׁלוּ אֶלָא עֲדַיִן הֵן פַּגִּין - כָּל אֵלּוּ לֹא יָבִיא; וְאִם הֵבִיא, כָּשֵׁר.
15All of the meal offerings and libations40 are acceptable whether from produce grown in Eretz Yisrael or from produce grown in the Diaspora. They are acceptable from fresh grain41 or grain from the previous years, provided it is of optimum quality. The only exceptions are the omer offering42 and the two loaves brought on Shavuot. They must be brought from fresh grain and from Eretz Yisrael.43טוכָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת וְהַנְּסָכִים כְּשֵׁרִים מֵהָאָרֶץ וּמֵחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, מִן הֶחָדָשׁ וּמִן הַיָּשָׁן, וּבִלְבָד שֶׁיָּבִיאוּ מִן הַמֻּבְחָר; חוּץ מִן הָעֹמֶר וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, שֶׁאֵינָן בָּאִין אֶלָא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ וּמֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל.
