1What is meant by the term shevurah?1 That the majority of an animal’s ribs are broken. An animal has eleven ribs2 on either side of its body.אשְׁבוּרָה כֵּיצַד? הוּא שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּבְּרוּ רֹב צַלְעוֹתֶיהָ. וּצְלָעוֹת הַבְּהֵמָה הֵן אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה מִכָּאן וְאַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה מִכָּאן.
If six were broken on one side and six on the other, or eleven were broken on one side and one on the other, the animal is treifah. This applies provided it is the half that faces the backbone3 and not the half that faces the chest.נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ שֵׁשׁ מִכָּאן וְשֵׁשׁ מִכָּאן, אוֹ אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה מִכָּאן וְאַחַת מִכָּאן - טְרֵפָה. וְהוּא, שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּבְּרוּ מֵחֶצְיָן שֶׁל מוּל הַשִּׁדְרָה.
2When six ribs were broken on either side, the animal is treifah only when they are large ribs that have marrow. If not, even though they represent the majority of the animal’s ribs and they were broken facing the backbone, the animal is permitted.בנִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ שֵׁשׁ מִכָּאן וְשֵׁשׁ מִכָּאן: אִם הָיוּ צְלָעוֹת גְּדוֹלוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מוֹחַ, טְרֵפָה; וְאִם לָאו, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן רֹב, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּבְּרוּ כְּלַפֵּי הַשִּׁדְרָה - מֻתֶּרֶת.
Similarly, if the majority of the ribs were uprooted, the animal is treifah. Moreover, if even one rib is uprooted together with half of the vertebra in which it is lodged, it is treifah.וְכֵן אִם נֶעְקְרוּ רֹב צַלְעוֹתֶיהָ, טְרֵפָה. וְאִם נֶעְקְרָה אַפִלּוּ צֵלָע אַחַת, וַחֲצִי חֻלְיָתָהּ עִמָּהּ שֶׁהַצֵּלָע תְּקוּעָה בָּהּ - הֲרֵי זוֹ טְרֵפָה.
Similarly, if even one vertebra was uprooted from the backbone, it is treifah, even if was a vertebra that is below the flanks where there are no ribs.וְכֵן אִם נֶעְקְרָה מִן הַשִּׁדְרָה חֻלְיָא אַחַת - אַפִלּוּ הָיְתָה מִן הַחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁלְּמַטָּה מִן הַכְּסָלִים שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן צְלָעוֹת, הֲרֵי זוֹ טְרֵפָה.
3The following rules apply when the thigh of an animal has slipped from its place and has left its socket. If its sinews, i.e., the peg-like projections from the bones of the socket which extend toward the bone that enters the socket4 and holds it have degenerated, the animal is treifah.5 If they have not degenerated, it is permitted.6גבְּהֵמָה שֶׁנִּשְׁמַט הַיָּרֵךְ שֶׁלָּהּ מֵעִיקָרוֹ וְיָצָא מִן הַכַּף שֶׁלּוֹ: אִם נִתְאַכְּלוּ נִיבָיו, וְהֵן הַיְּתֵרוֹת שֶׁבְּעֶצֶם הַכַּף שֶׁיּוֹצְאוֹת עַל הָעֶצֶם הַזָּכָר וְאוֹחֲזוֹת אוֹתוֹ - הֲרֵי זוֹ טְרֵפָה; וְאִם לֹא נִתְאַכְּלוּ, מֻתֶּרֶת.
4Similarly, with regard to a fowl, if its hip is dislocated,7 it is treifah. If its wing is dislocated from its socket, we fear that it perforated the lung.8 Therefore we conduct an examination.9 Afterwards, it may be eaten. When the foreleg of an animal is dislocated from its socket, it is permitted. We do not harbor any suspicions.10דוְכֵן בָּעוֹף - אִם נִשְׁמַט יְרֵכוֹ, טְרֵפָה. נִשְׁמַט כְּנָפוֹ מֵעִיקָרוֹ, חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא נִקְּבָה הָרֵאָה שֶׁלּוֹ, וּלְפִיכָךְ בּוֹדְקִין אוֹתָהּ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֵאָכֵל. וּבְהֵמָה שֶׁנִּשְׁמְטָה יָדָהּ מֵעִיקָרָהּ - מֻתֶּרֶת, וְאֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין לָהּ.
5When a portion of the skull of a domesticated animal or wild beast the size of a sela11 was removed, the animal is treifah even though the membrane was not perforated. If a skull was perforated by a number of small holes that detract from the skull’s substance, they are all added together to see if their combined size equals a sela.הגֻלְגֹּלֶת בְּהֵמָה אוֹ חַיָּה שֶׁנִּטַּל מִמֶּנָּה כַּסֶּלַע - אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִקַּב הַקְרוּם, טְרֵפָה. וְאִם נִקְּבָה נְקָבִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶן חִסָרוֹן, כֻּלָּן מִצְטָרְפִין לְכַסֶּלַע.
6Similarly, if the majority of the height12 and the majority of the circumference of a skull was crushed, the animal is treifah, even though its membrane is intact and it is not lacking any substance.ווְכֵן גֻּלְגֹּלֶת שֶׁנֶּחְבַּס רֹב גָּבְהָהּ וְרֹב הֶקֵּפָהּ - טְרֵפָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַקְרוּם שָׁלֵם וְלֹא חָסֵר מִמֶּנָּה כְּלוּם.
If the majority of its height was crushed, but the majority of its circumference was intact or the majority of its circumference was crushed, but the majority of its height was intact, there is an unresolved doubt whether the animal is treifah or not.13 It appears to me that we forbid it.14נֶחְבַּס רֹב גָּבְהָהּ וַהֲרֵי רֹב הֶקֵּפָהּ קַיָּם, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְבַּס רֹב הֶקֵּפָהּ וַהֲרֵי רֹב גָּבְהָהּ קַיָּם - הֲרֵי זוֹ סְפֵק טְרֵפָה. וְיֵרָאֶה לִי שֶׁאוֹסְרִין אוֹתָהּ.
7When the bones of the skull of a water fowl, e.g., a goose, is perforated,15 the fowl is treifah even though the membrane has not been perforated. The rationale is that the membrane is soft.16זעוֹף שֶׁל מַיִם כְּגוֹן אַוָזִים, אִם נִקַּב עֶצֶם גֻּלְגָּלְתּוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִקַּב קְרוּם שֶׁל מּוֹחַ, טְרֵפָה; מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקְּרוּמוֹ רַךְ.
The following procedure should be adhered to when a weasel struck17 a land fowl on the head or it was struck by a stone or a piece of wood. One places his hand next to the hole and applies pressure or he inserts his hand into the fowl’s mouth and applies pressure upward. If the fowl’s brain emerged from the hole, it can be concluded that the membrane has been perforated and it is treifah. If not, it is permitted.18עוֹף הַיַּבָּשָׁה שֶׁהִכַּתּוּ חֻלְדָּה עַל רֹאשׁוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁנִּגַּף בָּאֶבֶן אוֹ בָּעֵץ - מַנִּיחַ יָדוֹ בְּצַד הַנֶּקֶב וְנוֹעֵץ, אוֹ מַכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וְדוֹחֵק לְמַעְלָה. אִם יֵצֵא הַמּוֹחַ מִן הַנֶּקֶב - בַּיָּדוּעַ שֶׁנִּקַּב הַקְרוּם, וּטְרֵפָה; וְאִם לָאו, מֻתָּר.
8When an animal’s blood pressure causes it to choke,19 it was affected by a black gall bladder secretion20 or a white gall bladder secretion,21 it ate a poison which kills animals, or drank fowl water, it is permitted.22חבְּהֵמָה שֶׁאֲחָזָהּ דָּם, אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה מְעֻשֶּׁנֶת, אוֹ מְצֻנֶּנֶת, אוֹ שֶׁאָכְלָה סַם שֶׁהוֹרֵג אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁתָת מַיִם הָרָעִים - הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת.
If it ate a poison that could kill a human or it was bitten by a snake or the like, it is permitted with regard to the laws of treifah, but it is forbidden because of the mortal danger partaking of it could cause.23אָכְלָה סַם שֶׁהוֹרֵג אֶת הָאָדָם, אוֹ שֶׁנְּשָׁכָהּ נָחָשׁ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ - מֻתֶּרֶת מִשּׁוּם טְרֵפָה, וַאֲסוּרָה מִשּׁוּם סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת.
9Thus the total number of conditions that cause a domesticated animal or a wild beast to be deemed treifah when singled out are seventy24 They are:טנִמְצְאוּ כָּל הַטְּרֵפוֹת הַמְּנוּיוֹת כְּשֶׁיִּפָּרְטוּ, וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁיִּמָּצְאוּ בִּבְהֵמָה וְחַיָּה - שִׁבְעִים. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן:
1) an animal that has been attacked;25 2) the perforation of the entrance to the gullet;26 3) the perforation of the membrane of the brain;27 4) the degeneration of the brain itself;28 5) the perforation of the heart itself to its cavities;29 6) the perforation of the arteries leading from the heart; 7) the perforation of the gall-bladder;30 8) the perforation of the arteries of the liver;31 9) the perforation of the maw;32 10) the perforation of the stomach;33 11) the perforation of the abdomen; 12) the perforation of the gut; 13) the perforation of the digestive organs;34 14) the digestive organs protruded outside the animal’s body and became overturned;35 15) the perforation of the thick portion of the spleen;36 16) a lack of a gall-bladder;37 17) being born with two gall-bladders;38 18) a lack of a maw; 19) being born with two maws; 20) a lack of a stomach; 21) being born with two stomachs; 22) a lack of an abdomen 23) being born with two abdomens; 24) a lack of a gut; 25) being born with two guts; 26) a lack of one of the digestive organs; 27) being born with an extra digestive organ; 28) the perforation of the lung;39 29) the perforation of the windpipe in a place where it is not fit for ritual slaughter; 30) the perforation of the bronchioles of the lungs, even if it is covered by another one;40 31) a portion of the lungs has become closed;41 32) the degeneration of one of the bronchioles of the lungs;42 33) the discovery of putrid fluid in the lungs;43 34) the discovery of putrid liquid in the lungs; 35) the discovery of murky liquid in the lungs even if it has not become putrid; 36) the degeneration of the lung;44 37) a change in the lung’s appearance;45 38) the reversal of the gullet’s appearance;46 39) a lack of one of the required number of lobes of the lung;47 40) a change in the order of the lobes;48 41) the addition of a lobe on the back of the lung;49 42) the attachment of one lobe to another out of the ordinary order;50 43) the discovery of a lung without division into lobes:51 44) the lack of a portion of the lung; 45) a portion of the body of the lung is dried out; 46) the discovery of the lung in an inflated state;52 47) a lung became shriveled because of fear of humans;53 48) the lack of a hindleg; whether from birth or because it was cut off;54 49) the possession of an extra leg;55 50) the removal of the junction of the sinews;56 51) the removal of the liver;57 52) the removal of the upper jaw-bone;58 53) a kidney that became extremely undersized;59 54) a kidney that has become afflicted; 55) the discovery of fluid in the kidney; 56) the discovery of murky liquid in the kidney, even if it is not putrid; 57) the discovery of putrid liquid in the kidney; 58) the severance of the spinal cord;60 59) the softening and degeneration of the spinal cord;61 60) the ripping open of the majority of the flesh that covers the belly;62 61) the removal of an animal’s skin;63 62) the crushing of an animal’s organs due to a fall;64 63) the slippage of the gullet and windpipe;65 64) the breaking of the majority of the animal’s ribs;66 65) the uprooting of the majority of the ribs;67 66) the uprooting of one rib together with its vertebra; 67) the uprooting of one vertebra; 68) the slippage of the thigh from its socket;68 69) the lack of a portion of the skull the size of a sela;69 70) the crushing and smashing of the majority of the skull.70(א) דְּרוּסָה; (ב) נִקַּב תַּרְבֵּץ הַוֶּשֶׁט; (ג) נִקַּב קְרוּם שֶׁל מּוֹחַ; (ד) נִתְמַסְמֵס הַמּוֹחַ עַצְמוֹ; (ה) נִקַּב הַלֵּב לְבֵית חֲלָלוֹ; (ו) נִקַּב קְנֵה הַלֵּב; (ז) נִקְּבָה הַמָּרָה; (ח) נִקְּבוּ קְנֵי הַכָּבֵד; (ט) נִקְּבָה הַקֵּבָה; (י) נִקַּב הַכָּרֵס; (יא) נִקַּב הַמְּסוֹס; (יב) נִקַּב בֵּית הַכּוֹסוֹת; (יג) נִקְּבוּ מֵעֶיהָ; (יד) יָצְאוּ הַמֵּעַיִם לַחוּץ, וְנֶהְפְּכוּ; (טו) נִקַּב הַטְּחוֹל בְּעָבְיוֹ; (טז) חֲסֵרָה הַמָּרָה; (יז) נִמְצְאוּ שְׁתֵּי מְרוֹרוֹת; (יח) חֲסֵרָה הַקֵּבָה; (יט) נִמְצְאוּ שְׁתֵּי קֵבוֹת; (כ) חָסֵר הַכָּרֵס; (כא) נִמְצְאוּ שְׁנֵי כְּרֵסִים; (כב) חָסֵר הַמְּסוֹס; (כג) נִמְצְאוּ שְׁנֵי מְסוֹסִים; (כד) חָסֵר בֵּית הַכּוֹסוֹת; (כה) נִמְצְאוּ שְׁנֵי בָּתֵּי כּוֹסוֹת; (כו) חָסֵר אֶחָד מִן הַמֵּעַיִם; (כז) נִמְצְאוּ שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי מֵעַיִם; (כח) נִקְּבָה הָרֵאָה; (כט) נִקַּב הַקָּנֶה לְמַטָּה, בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לִשְׁחִיטָה; (ל) נִקַּב סִמְפּוֹן מִסִּמְפּוֹנֵי רֵאָה, אַפִלּוּ לַחֲבֵרוֹ; (לא) נֶאֱטַם מָקוֹם מִן הָרֵאָה; (לב) נִמּוֹק סִמְפּוֹן מִסִּמְפּוֹנֵי רֵאָה; (לג) נִמְצֵאת לֵחָה סְרוּחָה בָּרֵאָה; (לד) נִמְצְאוּ בָּהּ מַיִם סְרוּחִים; (לה) נִמְצְאוּ בָּהּ מַיִם עֲכוּרִין; (לו) נִתְמַסְמְסָה הָרֵאָה; (לז) נִשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֶיהָ; (לח) נֶהְפַּךְ הַוֶּשֶׁט בְּמַרְאָיו; (לט) חֲסֵרָה הָרֵאָה מִמִּנְיַן הָאוּנוֹת; (מ) נִתְחַלְּפוּ הָאוּנוֹת; (מא) הוֹתִירוּ הָאוּנוֹת מִגַּבָּהּ; (מב) נִסְמְכָה אוּנָה לְאוּנָה שֶׁלֹּא כְּסִדְרָן; (מג) נִמְצֵאת הָרֵאָה בְּלֹא חִתּוּךְ אָזְנַיִם; (מד) חָסֵר מִקְצַת הָרֵאָה; (מה) יָבֵשׁ מִקְצַת גּוּפָהּ; (מו) נִמְצֵאת הָרֵאָה נְפוּחָה וְעוֹמֶדֶת; (מז) צָמְקָה הָרֵאָה מִפַּחַד אָדָם; (מח) חֲסֵרָה רֶגֶל, בֵּין מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתָהּ בֵּין שֶׁנֶּחְתַּךְ; (מט) אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה יְתֵרָה רֶגֶל; (נ) נִטְּלָה צֹמֶּת הַגִּידִים; (נא) נִטְּלָה הַכָּבֵד; (נב) נִטַּל לֶחִי הָעֶלְיוֹן; (נג) כֻּלְיָא שֶׁהִקְטִינָה בְּיוֹתֵר; (נד) כֻּלְיָא שֶׁלָּקְתָה; (נה) כֻּלְיָא שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת בָּהּ לֵחָה; (נו) כֻּלְיָא שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בָּהּ מַיִם עֲכוּרִין, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן סְרוּחִין; (נז) כֻּלְיָא שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בָּהּ מַיִם סְרוּחִין; (נח) נִפְסַק חוּט הַשִּׁדְרָה; (נט) נִמְרַךְ מוֹחַ חוּט הַשִּׁדְרָה, וְנִתְמַסְמֵס; (ס) נִקְרַע רֹב הַבָּשָׂר הַחוֹפֶה אֶת הַכָּרֵס; (סא) נִגְלַד הָעוֹר שֶׁעָלֶיהָ; (סב) נִתְרַסְּקוּ אֵבָרֶיהָ מִנְּפִילָה; (סג) נִדַּלְדְּלוּ הַסִּימָנִין; (סד) נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ רֹב צַלְעוֹתֶיהָ; (סה) נֶעְקְרוּ רֹב צַלְעוֹתֶיהָ; (סו) נֶעְקְרָה צֵלָע אַחַת בְּחֻלְיָתָהּ; (סז) נֶעְקְרָה חֻלְיָא אַחַת; (סח) נִשְׁמַט הַיָּרֵךְ מֵעִיקָרוֹ; (סט) חָסְרָה הַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת כַּסֶּלַע; (ע) נֶחְבַּס רֹב הַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת, וְנִתְרוֹצֵץ.
10These seventy conditions of infirmity which cause a domesticated animal or a wild beast to be forbidden as a treifah were each explained together with all the particular laws.יאֵלּוּ הַשִּׁבְעִים חָלָיִים שֶׁאוֹסְרִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה וְאֶת הַחַיָּה מִשּׁוּם טְרֵפָה, כְּבָר נִתְבָּאֵר כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן וּמִשְׁפָּטָיו.
All of the possible parallels that can be found with regard to a fowl in the organs that are common to an animal and a fowl are the same with regard to an animal and a fowl. The only exceptions are the conditions that render an animal treifah in the kidneys, the spleen, and the lobes of the lung. For a fowl does not have a division of lobes like an animal does. If there is such a division, there is no fixed number.וְכָל שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר מֵהֶן שֶׁיִּמָּצֵא בָּעוֹף בְּאֵבָרִין הַמְּצוּיִין בָּעוֹף כַּבְּהֵמָה, דִּינוֹ בַּבְּהֵמָה וּבָעוֹף אֶחָד הוּא - חוּץ מִטְּרֵפוֹת שֶׁבַּכֻּלְיָא, וְשֶׁבַּטְּחוֹל, וְשֶׁבְּאוּנוֹת הָרֵאָה. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָעוֹף אֵין לוֹ חִתּוּךְ אוּנוֹת כַּבְּהֵמָה; וְאִם יִמָּצֵא, אֵין לוֹ מִנְיַן יָדוּעַ.
The spleen of a fowl is round like a grape and is not the same shape as that of an animal.71וּטְחוֹל הָעוֹף עָגוּל כְּמוֹ עֵנָב, וְאֵינוֹ כִּטְחוֹל הַבְּהֵמָה.
The conditions of infirmity concerning the kidneys and the spleen that render an animal treifah were not mentioned in order to find parallels with regard to a fowl. Therefore no set measure was given concerning a fowl with regard to a kidney whose size was reduced. Similar concepts apply in other analogous situations.72וּטְרֵפוֹת שֶׁבַּכֻּלְיָא וְשֶׁבַּטְּחוֹל - לֹא מָנוּ אוֹתָן בַּבְּהֵמָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כְּנֶגְדָּן בָּעוֹף, וּלְפִיכָךְ לֹא נָתְנוּ לַכֻּלְיָא שֶׁהִקְטִינָה שִׁעוּר בָּעוֹף. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בְּזֶה.
11There are two conditions that render a fowl treifah in addition to those that render an animal treifah despite the fact that an animal also possesses these organs. They are: a) a fowl whose digestive organs have changed color because of exposure to fire;73 b) a water fowl whose skull bone has been perforated.74יאוּשְׁתֵּי טְרֵפוֹת יֵשׁ בָּעוֹף, יָתֵר עַל הַבְּהֵמָה, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ אוֹתָן הָאֵבָרִים, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: עוֹף שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנּוּ מַרְאֵי בְּנֵי מֵעָיו מֵחֲמַת הָאוּר, וְעוֹף הַמַּיִם שֶׁנִּקַּב עֶצֶם רֹאשׁוֹ.
12One should not add to these conditions that render an animal treifah at all.75יבוְאֵין לְהוֹסִיף עַל טְרֵפוֹת אֵלּוּ כְּלָל.
For any condition that occurs with regard to a domesticated animal, wild beast, or fowl aside from those listed by the Sages of the early generations and which were agreed upon by the courts of Israel can possibly live. This applies even if it is known to us according to medical wisdom that ultimately it will not live.76שֶׁכָּל שֶׁאֵרַע לַבְּהֵמָה אוֹ לַחַיָּה אוֹ לָעוֹף חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ שֶׁמָּנוּ חַכְמֵי הַדּוֹרוֹת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, וְהִסְכִּימוּ עֲלֵיהֶן בָּתֵּי דִּינֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל - אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁתִּחְיֶה, וְאַפִלּוּ נוֹדַע לָנוּ מִדֶּרֶךְ הָרְפוּאָה שֶׁאֵין סוֹפָהּ לִחְיוֹת.
13Similarly, with regard to those conditions which our Sages listed as causing an animal to be deemed treifah even though it appears from the medical knowledge we possess that some of them will not kill and it is possible for the animal to live - we follow only what the Torah says,77 as Deuteronomy 17:11 states: “According to the Torah in which they will instruct you.”יגוְכֵן אֵלּוּ שֶׁמָּנוּ וְאָמְרוּ שֶׁהֵן טְרֵפָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה בְּדַרְכֵי הָרְפוּאָה שֶׁבְּיָדֵינוּ שֶׁמִּקְצָתָן אֵינָן מְמִיתִין, וְאֶפְשָׁר שֶׁתִּחְיֶה מֵהֶן - אֵין לְךָ אֶלָא מַה שֶׁמָּנוּ חֲכָמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "עַל פִּי הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר יוֹרוּךָ" (דברים יז, יא).
14Whenever a butcher is knowledgeable about these conditions that cause an animal to be deemed treifah and he has established a reputation for observance, he may slaughter animals, inspect them himself, and sell them without any suspicion. The rationale is the word of one witness is accepted with regard to the Torah’s prohibition whether his testimony will lead to benefit for him or not.ידכָּל טַבָּח שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ הַטְּרֵפוֹת הָאֵלּוּ, וַהֲרֵי הוּא בְּחֶזְקַת כַּשְׁרוּת - מֻתָּר לוֹ לִשְׁחֹט וְלִבְדֹק לְעַצְמוֹ וְלִמְכֹּר, וְאֵין בְּזֶה חֲשָׁשׁ; שֶׁעֵד אֶחָד נֶאֱמָן בְּאִסּוּרִין, בֵּין יֵשׁ לוֹ הֲנָיָה בְּעֵדוּתוֹ בֵּין אֵין לוֹ.
We already explained78 that we do not purchase meat from a butcher who slaughters and inspects the animal himself in the Diaspora or even in Eretz Yisrael in the present age unless he established a reputation as an expert.וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ, שֶׁאֵין לוֹקְחִין בָּשָׂר מִטַּבָּח שֶׁשּׁוֹחֵט וּבוֹדֵק לְעַצְמוֹ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, אוֹ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּזְּמָן הַזֶּה - אֶלָא אִם כֵּן הָיָה מֻמְחֶה.
If he sold an animal that was treifah, we place him under a ban of ostracism and remove him from his position.79 He cannot reestablish his credibility until he goes to a place where his identity is not recognized and he returns a lost article that is very valuable or slaughters an animal for himself and declares it treifah even though it involves a significant loss.וְאִם יָצָאת טְרֵפָה מִתַּחַת יָדוֹ - מְנַדִּין אוֹתוֹ, וּמַעְבִירִין אוֹתוֹ; וְאֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר לְכַשְׁרוּתוֹ עַד שֶׁיֵּלֵךְ לִמְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין מַכִּירִין אוֹתוֹ, וְיַחְזִיר אֲבֵדָה בְּדָבָר חָשׁוּב, אוֹ יוֹצִיא טְרֵפָה לְעַצְמוֹ בְּמָמוֹן חָשׁוּב.
