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Tanya
Lesson for Friday, July 3, 2009 - 11 Tammuz, 5769

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Igeret HaTeshuva , middle of Chapter 3

אבל כל זה באדם חזק ובריא, שאין ריבוי הצומות מזיק לו כלל לבריאות גופו, וכמו בדורות הראשונים

However, all this1 applies to the strong and robust, whose physical health would not be harmed at all by repeated fasts, as in the generations of yore.

אבל מי שריבוי הצומות מזיק לו, שאפשר שיבוא לידי חולי או מיחוש, חס ושלום, כמו בדורותינו אלה

But whoever would be affected by many fasts, and might thereby suffer illness or pain, G‑d forbid, as in contemporary generations,

אסור לו להרבות בתעניות, אפילו על כריתות ומיתות בית דין, ומכל שכן על מצוות עשה ומצוות לא תעשה שאין בהן כרת

is forbidden to undertake numerous fasts, even for sins punishable by excision or execution, and certainly not for [violation of] the positive and prohibitive commands that do not involve excision.

אלא כפי אשר ישער בנפשו שבודאי לא יזיק לו כלל

Instead [the measure of fasting is] the personal estimate of what will not harm him at all.

כי אפילו בדורות הראשונים, בימי תנאים ואמוראים, לא היו מתענין בכהאי גוונא אלא הבריאים, דמצו לצעורי נפשייהו

For even in those early generations, in the times of the Tannaim and Amoraim, only the robust who could mortify themselves fasted so frequently.

ודלא מצי לצעורי נפשיה ומתענה, נקרא חוטא בגמרא, פרק קמא דתענית

But whoever cannot fast yet does so, is called a “sinner” in Tractate Taanit, ch. 1.2

ואפילו מתענה על עבירות שבידו, כדפירש רש״י שם

This applies even to one who fasts for specifically known sins, as Rashi explains there,

The very same author of the opinion that he who fasts frequently is considered “holy”, because (as Rashi explains) his sins are thereby expunged, goes on to state that he is considered a sinner if he cannot fast yet does so.

וכדאיתא בגמרא, פרק קמא דזבחים, שאין לך אדם מישראל שאינו מחויב עשה וכו׳

and it is written in Tractate Zevachim, ch. 1,3 that “there is no one of Israel who is not guilty of [transgressing] a positive commandment…,”

Thus, though there are always sins for which one should fast, one should do so only if this will in no way impair his health; otherwise, he is considered a sinner,

ומכל שכן מי שהוא בעל תורה, שחוטא ונענש בכפליים

especially if he is a student of Torah, in which case he is doubly punished,

כי מחמת חלישות התענית, לא יוכל לעסוק בה כראוי

for the weakness resulting from his fast prevents him from studying Torah properly.

אלא מה תקנתיה

What, then, is his remedy?

I.e., what is such a person to do in order to be beloved by his Creator as he was before his sin?

כדכתיב: וחטאך בצדקה פרוק

He should comply with the verse that says,4 “Redeem your sin with charity.”

וכמו שכתבו הפוסקים, ליתן בעד כל יום תענית של תשובה ערך ח״י גדולים פוליש

And, indeed, the codifiers of Torah law specified that one should donate the equivalent of eighteen [large Polish] coins called “gedolim Polish” for each day of repentance.

והעשיר יוסיף לפי עשרו וכו׳

The wealthy should add to this amount for the redemption of each fast-day according to his means,

כמו שכתב המגן אברהם, הלכות תענית

as stated in Magen Avraham in the Laws of Fasts.5

* * *

FOOTNOTES
1. Note of the Rebbe: “Concerning all the laws about to be stated, see Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 571 and its commentaries; Shulchan Aruch Admur HaZaken, Hilchot Nizkei Guf veNefesh, Sub-section 4.”
2. Note of the Rebbe: “End of p. 11a; see also Rambam, Hilchot Deot, beg. of ch. 3, and commentators ad loc.”
3. 7a, and see Rashi there.
4. Daniel 4:24.
5. Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 568:12, and commentaries.



Elucidated by Rabbi Yosef Wineberg. Translated from Yiddish by Rabbi Levy Wineberg and Rabbi Sholom B. Wineberg. Edited by Uri Kaploun.
Published and Copyright by Kehot Publication Society, all rights reserved.

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