The prohibition against chametz applies only to the five species of grain. They include two species of wheat: wheat and spelt; and three species of barley: barley, oats, and rye.
However, kitniyot - e.g., rice, millet, beans, lentils and the like - do not become leavened. Even if one kneads rice flour or the like with boiling water and covers it with fabric until it rises like dough that has become leavened, it is permitted to be eaten. This is not leavening, but rather the decay [of the flour].
אאֵין אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח אֶלָּא חֲמֵשֶׁת מִינֵי דָּגָן בִּלְבַד. וְהֵם שְׁנֵי מִינֵי חִטִּים שֶׁהֵן הַחִטָּה וְהַכֻּסֶּמֶת. וּשְׁלֹשָׁה מִינֵי הַשְּׂעוֹרִים שֶׁהֵן הַשְּׂעוֹרָה וְשִׁבּלֶת שׁוּעָל וְהַשִּׁפּוֹן. אֲבָל קִטְנִיּוֹת כְּגוֹן אֹרֶז וְדֹחַן וּפוֹלִים וַעֲדָשִׁים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֵין בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם חָמֵץ אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ לָשׁ קֶמַח אֹרֶז וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ בְּרוֹתְחִין וְכִסָּהוּ בִּבְגָדִים עַד שֶׁנִּתְפַּח כְּמוֹ בָּצֵק שֶׁהֶחֱמִיץ הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה שֶׁאֵין זֶה חִמּוּץ אֶלָּא סֵרָחוֹן:
With regard to these five species of grain: If [flour from these species] is kneaded with fruit juice alone without any water, it will never become leavened. Even if [flour] is placed in [these juices] the entire day until the dough rises, it is permitted to be eaten [on Pesach], for fruit juice does not cause [dough] to become leavened. It merely causes [the flour] to decay.
The following are [included in the category] of fruit juice: wine, milk, honey, olive oil, apple juice, pomegranate juice and all other similar wines, oils, and beverages.
This applies so long as no water whatsoever is mixed with them. If any water is mixed with them, they cause [the flour] to become leavened.
בחֲמֵשֶׁת מִינֵי דָּגָן אֵלּוּ אִם לָשָׁן בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת בִּלְבַד בְּלֹא שׁוּם מַיִם לְעוֹלָם אֵין בָּאִין לִידֵי חִמּוּץ אֶלָּא אֲפִלּוּ הִנִּיחָן כָּל הַיּוֹם עַד שֶׁנִּתְפַּח הַבָּצֵק מֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה [ג.] שֶׁאֵין מֵי פֵּרוֹת מַחְמִיצִין אֶלָּא מַסְרִיחִין. וּמֵי פֵּרוֹת הֵן כְּגוֹן יַיִן וְחָלָב וּדְבַשׁ וְשֶׁמֶן זַיִת וּמֵי תַּפּוּחִים וּמֵי רִמּוֹנִים וְכָל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מִשְּׁאָר יֵינוֹת וּשְׁמָנִים וּמַשְׁקִין. וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יִתְעָרֵב בָּהֶן שׁוּם מַיִם בָּעוֹלָם. וְאִם נִתְעָרֵב בָּהֶן מַיִם כָּל שֶׁהוּא הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מַחְמִיצִין:
[On Pesach,] we should not cook wheat in water - for example, cracked wheat - or flour [in water] - for example, dough balls. If one cooks [either of the above] - behold, it is absolutely chametz. This applies if [the kernels] crack open within the dish.
We may not fry dough in oil in a frying pan. However, we may cook a loaf [of matzah] or roasted flour. If one boiled a lot of water and, afterwards, placed flour into it - behold, it is permitted, because it is cooked immediately, before it could become leaven. [Nevertheless,] it is accepted custom in Babylonia, Spain, and the entire western [diaspora] to forbid this practice. This has been decreed lest one not boil the water well enough.
גאֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין חִטִּים בְּמַיִם כְּגוֹן רִיפוֹת וְלֹא קֶמַח כְּגוֹן לְבִיבוֹת. וְאִם בִּשֵּׁל הֲרֵי זֶה חָמֵץ גָּמוּר וְהוּא שֶׁיִּתְבַּקְּעוּ בַּתַּבְשִׁיל. אֵין קוֹלִין אֶת הַבָּצֵק בְּשֶׁמֶן עַל הַמַּחֲבַת. אֲבָל מְבַשְּׁלִין אֶת הַפַּת וְאֶת הַקֶּמַח הַקָּלוּי. וְאִם הִרְתִּיחַ הַמַּיִם הַרְבֵּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִשְׁלִיךְ לְתוֹכָן הַקֶּמַח הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְבַּשֵּׁל מִיָּד קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּחְמִיץ. וּכְבָר נָהֲגוּ בְּשִׁנְעָר וּבִסְפָרַד וּבְכָל הַמַּעֲרָב לֶאֱסֹר דָּבָר זֶה גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא לֹא יַרְתִּיחַ הַמַּיִם יָפֶה יָפֶה:
It is permissible to cook grain or flour in fruit juice. Thus, dough which was kneaded with fruit juice, cooked with fruit juice, or fried with oil in a frying pan is permitted, for fruit juice does not cause leavening.
דמֻתָּר לְבַשֵּׁל הַדָּגָן אוֹ הַקֶּמַח בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת. וְכֵן בָּצֵק שֶׁלָּשׁוֹ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת אִם בִּשְּׁלוֹ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת אוֹ קָלָהוּ עַל הַמַּחֲבַת בְּשֶׁמֶן הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר שֶׁמֵּי פֵּרוֹת אֵינָן מַחְמִיצִין:
Roasted grain which is singed in fire and then ground [into flour]: That flour should not be cooked with water, lest it has not been roasted well in the fire, and thus will become leavened when cooked.
Similarly, when preparing new pots, we should not cook in them anything other than matzah that was baked and then ground into flour. It is forbidden to do so with roasted flour, for perhaps it will not be roasted well, and thus may become leaven.
הכַּרְמֶל שֶׁמְּהַבְהֲבִין אוֹתוֹ בָּאוּר וְטוֹחֲנִין אוֹתוֹ אֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין אֶת הַקֶּמַח שֶׁלּוֹ בְּמַיִם שֶׁמָּא לֹא נִקְלָה בָּאוּר יָפֶה וְנִמְצָא מַחֲמִיץ כְּשֶׁמְּבַשְּׁלִין אוֹתוֹ. וְכֵן כְּשֶׁמּוֹלְלִין הַקְּדֵרוֹת הַחֲדָשׁוֹת אֵין מְבַשְּׁלִין בָּהֶן אֶלָּא מַצָּה אֲפוּיָה שֶׁחָזְרוּ וְטָחֲנוּ אוֹתָהּ אֲבָל קֶמַח קָלִי אָסוּר שֶׁמָּא לֹא קָלָהוּ יָפֶה וְיָבוֹא לִידֵי חִמּוּץ:
Mishneh Torah (Moznaim)
Featuring a modern English translation and a commentary that presents a digest of the centuries of Torah scholarship which have been devoted to the study of the Mishneh Torah by Maimonides.
We do not stir barley in water on Pesach [to remove its husks], because [the kernels] are soft and become leavened rapidly. If one did stir [barley] in water and [the kernels] softened to the point that if they were placed at the opening to a roasting pan upon which loaves were usually baked, they would burst open - behold, they are forbidden. If they have not reached this degree of softness, they are permitted.
ואֵין בּוֹלְלִין אֶת הַשְּׂעוֹרִין בְּמַיִם בְּפֶסַח מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן רָפִין וּמַחְמִיצִין בִּמְהֵרָה. וְאִם בָּלַל אִם רָפוּ כְּדֵי שֶׁאִם הִנִּיחָן עַל פִּי הַבִּיב שֶׁאוֹפִין עָלָיו הַחַלּוֹת יִתְבַּקְּעוּ הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין. וְאִם לֹא הִגִּיעוּ לְרִפְיוֹן זֶה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין:
It is permissible to stir wheat [kernels] in water to remove the bran, and then immediately grind them, as is done when grinding fine flour. [Nevertheless,] all Jews in Babylonia, Eretz Yisrael, Spain, and the cities of the western [diaspora] have accepted the custom of not stirring wheat in water. This decree [was instituted] lest [the kernels] be left aside and become leavened.
זהַחִטִּים מֻתָּר לִבְלל אוֹתָן בְּמַיִם כְּדֵי לְהָסִיר סֻבָּן וְטוֹחֲנִין אוֹתָן מִיָּד כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁטּוֹחֲנִין הַסּלֶת. וּכְבָר נָהֲגוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּשִׁנְעָר וּבְאֶרֶץ הַצְּבִי וּבִסְפָרַד וּבְעָרֵי הַמַּעֲרָב שֶׁלֹּא יִבְלְלוּ הַחִטִּים בְּמַיִם גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁהוּ וְיַחֲמִיצוּ:
A dish that was cooked, and barley or wheat was discovered inside it: If the grains have cracked open, the entire dish is forbidden, for chametz has become mixed together with it. If they have not cracked open, they must be removed and burned, but the remainder of the dish may be eaten. [This ruling was given] because grain that has been stirred in water without cracking open is not actual leaven as forbidden by the Torah. It is only a Rabbinic [ordinance].
חתַּבְשִׁיל שֶׁנִתְבַּשֵּׁל וְנִמְצְאוּ בּוֹ שְׂעוֹרִים אוֹ חִטִּים אִם נִתְבַּקְּעוּ הֲרֵי כָּל הַתַּבְשִׁיל אָסוּר שֶׁהֲרֵי נִתְעָרֵב בּוֹ הֶחָמֵץ. וְאִם לֹא נִתְבַּקְּעוּ מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתָן וְשׂוֹרְפָן וְאוֹכְלִין שְׁאָר הַתַּבְשִׁיל. שֶׁאֵין הַדָּגָן שֶׁנִּבְלַל וְלֹא נִתְבַּקֵּעַ חָמֵץ גָּמוּר שֶׁל תּוֹרָה. וְאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים:
[Exodus 12:17] states: "Keep watch over the matzot" - i.e., be careful of the matzot and protect them from any possibility of becoming chametz. Therefore, our Sages declared: A person must be careful regarding the grain which he eats on Pesach and [make sure] that no water has come in contact with it after it has been harvested, so that it will not have become chametz at all.
Grain which sunk in a river or came in contact with water, just as it is forbidden to eat from it [on Pesach], it is forbidden to keep [possession of] it. Rather, he should sell it to a Jew [before it becomes prohibited] and inform him [about its nature], so that he can eat it before Pesach. If he sells it to a gentile before Pesach, he should sell a small amount to a number of individuals, so that it will be finished before Pesach, lest the gentile go and sell it to [another] Jew.
טמִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות יב יז) "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת הַמַּצּוֹת" כְּלוֹמַר הִזָּהֲרוּ בַּמַּצָּה וְשִׁמְרוּ אוֹתָהּ מִכָּל צַד חִמּוּץ. לְפִיכָךְ אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים צָרִיךְ אָדָם לִזָּהֵר בְּדָגָן שֶׁאוֹכֵל מִמֶּנּוּ בַּפֶּסַח שֶׁלֹּא יָבוֹא עָלָיו מַיִם אַחַר שֶׁנִּקְצַר עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בּוֹ שׁוּם חִמּוּץ. דָּגָן שֶׁנִּטְבַּע בַּנָּהָר אוֹ שֶׁנָּפַל עָלָיו מַיִם כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאָסוּר לְאָכְלוֹ כָּךְ אָסוּר לְקַיְּמוֹ אֶלָּא מוֹכְרוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּמוֹדִיעוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁיֹּאכְלֶנּוּ קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח. וְאִם מְכָרוֹ לְנָכְרִי קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח מוֹכֵר מְעַט לְכָל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכְלֶה קֹדֶם הַפֶּסַח שֶׁמָּא יַחֲזֹר הַנָּכְרִי וְיִמְכְּרֶנּוּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל:
Grain upon which [water] leaking [from the roof] has fallen: As long as [the leak] continues, drop after drop, it will not become chametz even if [the leak continues] the entire day. However, if [the leak] stops, if it remains [untouched] for the standard measure [of time] - behold, it becomes chametz.
ידָּגָן שֶׁנָּפַל עָלָיו דֶּלֶף כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא טוֹרֵד טִפָּה אַחַר טִפָּה אֲפִלּוּ כָּל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ אֵינוֹ בָּא לִידֵי חִמּוּץ. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁיִּפָּסֵק אִם נִשְׁתַּהָה כַּשִּׁעוּר הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר:
We do not knead a large dough on Pesach, lest it become chametz. Rather, [the size of the dough] is confined to the measure for which one is obligated to separate Challah.
We do not knead with hot water, with water heated in the sun, or with water that was drawn on the present day, only with water that has rested for a day. A person who violates [this requirement] and kneads using one of the above - behold, the [baked] loaf becomes forbidden.
יאאֵין לָשִׁין בְּפֶסַח עִסָּה גְּדוֹלָה שֶׁמָּא תַּחֲמִיץ אֶלָּא כְּשִׁעוּר חַלָּה בִּלְבַד. וְאֵין לָשִׁין לֹא בְּחַמִּין וְלֹא בְּחַמֵּי חַמָּה. וְלֹא בְּמַיִם שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲבוּ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם אֶלָּא בְּמַיִם שֶׁלָּנוּ. וְאִם עָבַר וְלָשׁ בְּאֶחָד מִכָּל אֵלּוּ הֲרֵי הַפַּת אֲסוּרָה:
A woman should not sit in the sun and knead, nor [should she knead] under the open sky on a cloudy day, even in a place where the sun is not shining. [She should not] leave the dough and become involved in another matter. If she both kneads and bakes, she must have two containers of water, one to smooth [the matzot] and one to cool off her hands.
If she violated [these instructions] and kneaded dough in the sun, or did not cool off her hands, or made a dough larger than the measure for which one is obligated to separate Challah, the loaf is permitted. What is the measure for which one is obligated to separate Challah? Forty-three and a fifth eggs of average size - by volume and not by weight.
יבלֹא תֵּשֵׁב אִשָּׁה תַּחַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וְתָלוּשׁ. וְלֹא תַּחַת הָרָקִיעַ בְּיוֹם הֶעָבִים אֲפִלּוּ בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ זוֹרַחַת בּוֹ. וְלֹא תָּנִיחַ אֶת הָעִסָּה וְתִתְעַסֵּק בְּדָבָר אַחֵר. וְאִם הָיְתָה לָשָׁה וְאוֹפָה צְרִיכָה שְׁנֵי כֵּלִים שֶׁל מַיִם. אֶחָד שֶׁמְּקַטֶּפֶת בּוֹ וְאֶחָד שֶׁמְּצַנֶּנֶת בּוֹ יָדֶיהָ. וְאִם עָבְרָה וְלָשָׁה תַּחַת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא צִנְּנָה יָדֶיהָ אוֹ שֶׁעָשְׂתָה עִסָּה יֶתֶר מִשִּׁעוּר חַלָּה הַפַּת מֻתֶּרֶת. וְכַמָּה שִׁעוּר חַלָּה כְּמוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ וְאַרְבָּעִים בֵּיצִים וְחֹמֶשׁ בֵּיצָה כְּגוּף הַבֵּיצָה הַבֵּינוֹנִית לֹא כְּמִשְׁקָלָהּ:
As long as a person is busy with the dough, even for the entire day, it will not become chametz. If he lifts up his hand and allows the dough to rest so that [it rises to the extent that] a noise will resound when a person claps it with his hand, it has already become chametz and must be burned immediately. If a noise does not resound and the dough has lain at rest for the time it takes a man to walk a mil, it has become chametz and must be burned immediately.
Similarly, if its surface has become wrinkled [to the extent that it resembles] a person whose hair stands [on end in fright] - behold, it is forbidden to eat from it, but one is not liable for כרת [for eating it].
יגכָּל זְמַן שֶׁאָדָם עוֹסֵק בַּבָּצֵק אֲפִלּוּ כָּל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ אֵינוֹ בָּא לִידֵי חִמּוּץ. וְאִם הִגְבִּיהַּ יָדוֹ וֶהֱנִיחוֹ וְשָׁהָה הַבָּצֵק עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְהַשְׁמִיעַ הַקּוֹל בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָדָם מַכֶּה בְּיָדוֹ עָלָיו כְּבָר הֶחְמִיץ וְיִשָּׂרֵף מִיָּד. וְאִם אֵין קוֹלוֹ נִשְׁמָע אִם שָׁהָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהַלֵּךְ אָדָם מִיל כְּבָר הֶחְמִיץ וְיִשָּׂרֵף מִיָּד. וְכֵן אִם הִכְסִיפוּ פָּנָיו כְּאָדָם שֶׁעָמְדוּ שַׂעֲרוֹתָיו הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לְאָכְלוֹ וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו כָּרֵת:
There were two doughs which people stopped kneading at the same time and left unattended. From one, a sound [resounded when clapped]. From the other, no sound [resounded]. Both of them should be burned - behold, they are absolutely chametz.
ידהָיוּ שְׁתֵּי עִסּוֹת שֶׁהִגְבִּיהוּ הַיָּד מֵהֶן נִלּוֹשׁוֹת בְּעֵת אַחַת וְנִשְׁתַּהוּ. הָאַחַת מֵהֶן יֵשׁ לָהּ קוֹל וְהָאַחֶרֶת אֵין לָהּ קוֹל. שְׁתֵּיהֶן יִשָּׂרְפוּ וַהֲרֵי הֵן חָמֵץ גָּמוּר:
We should not make thick loaves with designs on Pesach, because a woman takes time making them. Thus, [the dough] will become leavened during that time. Hence, professional bakers are allowed to make [such designs], because they are skilled in their craft and quick in its execution.
[In contrast,] a private person is forbidden to make such a design, even if he does so using a [pre-cut] form. [This stringency was instituted] lest others attempt to make [the designs] without using the forms, delay in their work, and cause [the dough] to become chametz.
טואֵין עוֹשִׂין סְרִיקִין הַמְצֻיָּרִין בְּפֶסַח מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה שׁוֹהָה עֲלֵיהֶן וּמִתְחַמְּצִין בְּעֵת עֲשִׂיָּתָן. לְפִיכָךְ הַנַּחְתּוֹמִין מֻתָּרִין לַעֲשׂוֹתָם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן בְּקִיאִין בְּאֻמָּנוּתָן וּמְמַהֲרִים לַעֲשׂוֹתָם. אֲבָל בַּעֲלֵי בָּתִּים אֲסוּרִים וַאֲפִלּוּ צָרוּ אוֹתָן בִּדְפוּס. שֶׁמָּא יָבוֹאוּ אֲחֵרִים לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בִּדְפוּס וְיִשְׁהוּ בַּעֲשִׂיָּתָן וְיַחֲמִיצוּ:
The water used to wash one's hands and the kneading trough after the kneading [is completed] and, similarly, the water used when kneading - behold, it should be poured out in a place which slopes downward, so it will not collect in one place and become leavened.
טזמַיִם שֶׁרוֹחֲצִין בָּהֶן הַיָּדַיִם וְהָעֲרֵבָה אַחַר שֶׁלָּשִׁין וְכֵן מַיִם שֶׁמִּשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בָּהֶן בִּשְׁעַת לִישָׁה הֲרֵי זֶה יִשְׁפֹּךְ אוֹתָן בִּמְקוֹם מִדְרוֹן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְקַבְּצוּ בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד וְיַחְמִיץ:
We should not soak bran in water and leave it in front of chickens, lest it become chametz. However, we can boil bran for them, and then place it before them. Nevertheless, the majority of people have already adopted the custom of not boiling [grain products], lest the water not be boiled thoroughly.
יזאֵין שׁוֹרִין אֶת הַמֻּרְסָן וּמַנִּיחִין לִפְנֵי הַתַּרְנְגוֹלִין שֶׁמָּא יַחְמִיץ. אֲבָל חוֹלְטִין לָהֶן הַמֻּרְסָן בְּרוֹתְחִין וּמַנִּיחִין לִפְנֵיהֶן. וּכְבָר נָהֲגוּ רֹב הָעוֹלָם שֶׁלֹּא לַחֲלֹט גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא לֹא יַרְתִּיחַ הַמַּיִם יָפֶה:
It is permitted to prepare bran or flour for chickens in water if they are fed immediately, or if one places [the feed] before them and stands over them to ensure that the food will not stand more than the time it takes a person to walk a mil.
As long as they peck at it or one turns it over by hand, it will not become leavened. Once they finish eating, one should wash out the utensil in water and pour it out in a place which slopes downward.
יחוּמֻתָּר לָלוּשׁ לְתַרְנְגוֹלִין מֻרְסָן אוֹ קֶמַח וּמַאֲכִילָן מִיָּד אוֹ נוֹתֵן לִפְנֵיהֶן וְהוּא עוֹמֵד עֲלֵיהֶן עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַשְׁהֶה לִפְנֵיהֶן כְּדֵי הִלּוּךְ מִיל. וְכָל זְמַן שֶׁהֵן מְנַקְּרִין בּוֹ אוֹ שֶׁהוּא מְהַפֵּךְ בְּיָדוֹ אֵינוֹ מַחֲמִיץ. וּכְשֶׁיִּפְסְקוּ מִלֶּאֱכל יִשְׁטֹף הַכְּלִי בְּמַיִם וְיִשְׁפֹּךְ בִּמְקוֹם מִדְרוֹן:
A woman should not soak bran which she intends to take to the bathhouse in water [beforehand]. However, she may rub dry bran on her skin. A person should not chew wheat and then place it on his wound, for it will become chametz.
We should not place flour into charoset. If one did so, he should burn it immediately, because it will cause [the flour] to become leavened very fast. We should not place flour in mustard. If one did so, he should eat it immediately.
יטלֹא תִּשְׁרֶה אִשָּׁה מֻרְסָן שֶׁתּוֹלִיךְ בְּיָדָהּ לַמֶּרְחָץ. אֲבָל שָׁפָה עַל בְּשָׂרָהּ יָבֵשׁ. וְלֹא יִלְעֹס אָדָם חִטִּין וְיִתֵּן עַל מַכָּתוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מַחֲמִיצוֹת. אֵין נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַקֶּמַח לְתוֹךְ הַחֲרֹסֶת וְאִם נָתַן יִשָּׁפֵךְ מִיָּד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְמַהֵר לְהַחֲמִיץ. וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין אֶת הַקֶּמַח לְתוֹךְ הַחַרְדָּל וְאִם נָתַן יֹאכַל מִיָּד:
It is permissible to place spices, sesame seeds, poppy seeds, and the like into dough. Similarly, it is permissible to knead the dough with water and oil, honey or milk, or to baste with them.
On the first day, it is forbidden to knead or baste [the matzot] with any other substance besides water; not because of the prohibition against chametz, but rather so [the matzah] will be "poor man's bread." It is only on the first day that the "poor man's bread" must be commemorated.
כמֻתָּר לִתֵּן הַתַּבְלִין וְהַשֻּׁמְשְׁמִין וְהָקֶצַּח וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן לְתוֹךְ הַבָּצֵק. וְכֵן מֻתָּר לָלוּשׁ הָעִסָּה בְּמַיִם וְשֶׁמֶן אוֹ דְּבַשׁ וְחָלָב אוֹ לְקַטֵּף בָּהֶן. וּבַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן אָסוּר לָלוּשׁ וּלְקַטֵּף אֶלָּא בְּמַיִם בִּלְבַד. לֹא מִשּׁוּם חָמֵץ אֶלָּא כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה (דברים טז ג) "לֶחֶם עֹנִי". וּבַיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן בִּלְבַד הוּא שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לִהְיוֹת זִכְרוֹן לֶחֶם עֹנִי:
All earthenware vessels that were used for chametz while cold may be used for matzah while cold, except for the utensils in which yeast and charoset were placed, for their leavening effect is powerful. Similarly, a kneading trough in which chametz is kneaded and left to become leavened is considered as a place where yeast is soaked, and we do not use it on Pesach.
כאכָּל כְּלִי חֶרֶס שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן חָמֵץ בְּצוֹנֵן מֻתָּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן מַצָּה בְּצוֹנֵן. חוּץ מִכְּלִי שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין בּוֹ אֶת הַשְּׂאוֹר וּכְלִי שֶׁמַּנִּיחִין בּוֹ חֲרֹסֶת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחִמּוּצוֹ קָשֶׁה. וְכֵן עֲרֵבוֹת שֶׁלָּשִׁין בָּהֶן הֶחָמֵץ וּמַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ שָׁם עַד שֶׁיַּחְמִיץ הֲרֵי הֵן כְּבֵית שְׂאוֹר וְאֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בָּהֶן בְּפֶסַח:
An earthenware roasting pan on which loaves of chametz are baked during the entire year should not be used to bake matzah on Pesach. If it was filled with coals and kindled on the place where chametz was cooked, matzah it is permitted to be cooked on it.
כבבִּיב שֶׁל חֶרֶס שֶׁאוֹפִין עָלָיו חַלּוֹת חָמֵץ כָּל הַשָּׁנָה כֻּלָּהּ אֵין אוֹפִין עָלָיו מַצָּה בְּפֶסַח. וְאִם מִלְּאוֹ גֶּחָלִים וְהִסִּיק מָקוֹם שֶׁהָיָה מְבַשֵּׁל בּוֹ הֶחָמֵץ מֻתָּר לְבַשֵּׁל עָלָיו מַצָּה:
Metal and stone utensils in which chametz was boiled in water as a כלי ראשון - e.g., pots and stew pots - should be placed inside a large utensil. They should be covered with water, and the water should be boiled with them inside until they release [what they absorbed]. Afterwards, they should be washed off with cold water, and [then] one may use them for matzah.
Similarly, [with regard to] knives, the blade and the handle should be boiled in a כלי ראשון. Afterwards, one may use them for matzah.
כגכְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת וּכְלֵי אֲבָנִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן חָמֵץ בְּרוֹתְחִין בִּכְלִי רִאשׁוֹן כְּגוֹן קְדֵרוֹת וְאִלְפָּסִין. נוֹתֵן אוֹתָן לְתוֹךְ כְּלִי גָּדוֹל שֶׁל מַיִם וּמְמַלֵּא עֲלֵיהֶן מַיִם וּמַרְתִּיחָן בְּתוֹכוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּפְלְטוּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹטֵף אוֹתָן בְּצוֹנֵן וּמִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן בְּמַצָּה. וְכֵן הַסַּכִּינִין מַרְתִּיחַ אֶת הַלַּהַב וְאֶת הַנִּצָּב בִּכְלִי רִאשׁוֹן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן בְּמַצָּה:
Utensils of metal, stone, and wood which were used for chametz as a כלי שני - e.g., bowls or cups - should be placed in a large utensil, and boiling water poured over them. They should be left in [the large utensil] until they release [the chametz they absorbed]. Afterwards, they should be washed off. [Then,] they may be used for matzah.
כדכְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת וַאֲבָנִים וּכְלֵי עֵצִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן חָמֵץ בִּכְלִי שֵׁנִי כְּגוֹן קְעָרוֹת וְכוֹסוֹת נוֹתֵן אוֹתָן לְתוֹךְ כְּלִי גָּדוֹל וְנוֹתֵן עֲלֵיהֶן מַיִם רוֹתְחִין וּמַנִּיחָן בְּתוֹכוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּפְלוֹטוּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹטְפָן וּמִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן בְּמַצָּה:
All earthenware utensils that were used for chametz in hot water, whether as a כלי ראשון - for example, pots - or as a
כלי שני - for example, bowls - whether they were glazed and coated with lead so that they became like glass, or they were of simple earthenware: we do not use them for matzah. Rather, we put them aside until after Pesach, and then we may cook with them.
כהכָּל כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן חָמֵץ בְּחַמִּין בֵּין כְּלִי רִאשׁוֹן כְּגוֹן קְדֵרוֹת. בֵּין כְּלִי שֵׁנִי כְּגוֹן קְעָרוֹת. בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ מְשׁוּחִין וְשׁוּעִין בַּאֲבַר שֶׁעוֹשִׂין אוֹתָן כְּעֵין זְכוּכִית. בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ חֶרֶס כְּמַה שֶּׁהֵן. אֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בָּהֶן בְּמַצָּה אֶלָּא מַנִּיחָן לְאַחַר הַפֶּסַח וּמְבַשֵּׁל בָּהֶן:
[A person possesses a utensil which is] a כלי ראשון and desires to boil it [in order to prepare it for Passover use], however, he cannot find a larger utensil into which [to place it] to boil it: Behold, he may place a border of clay around its [top] edge from the outside and fill it with water until the water overflows its edge. [Then,] he may boil the water in it, and this is sufficient. Afterwards, he washes it off and may use it for matzah.
כוכְּלִי רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁרָצָה לְהַרְתִּיחוֹ וְלֹא מָצָא כְּלִי גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ כְּדֵי לְהַרְתִּיחוֹ בְּתוֹכוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה מַקִּיף לוֹ שָׂפָה שֶׁל טִיט עַל שְׂפָתוֹ מִבַּחוּץ וּמְמַלְּאֵהוּ מַיִם עַד שֶׁיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמַּיִם עַל שְׂפָתוֹ וּמַרְתִּיחַ הַמַּיִם בְּתוֹכוֹ וְדַיּוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹטֵף אוֹתוֹ וּמִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ בְּמַצָּה: