| 18He must then proceed outward to the Altar that is before God and effect atonement upon it: He must take some of the bull’s blood and some of the he-goat’s blood, and place it on the protrusions of the Altar in an encircling manner. |
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יחוְיָצָ֗א אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֛חַ אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָֹ֖ה וְכִפֶּ֣ר עָלָ֑יו וְלָקַ֞ח מִדַּ֤ם הַפָּר֙ וּמִדַּ֣ם הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְנָתַ֛ן עַל־קַרְנ֥וֹת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב: |
| אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵֽי־ה' - To the Altar that is before God. This refers to the golden Altar, which is “before God” inasmuch as it is positioned inside the Sanctuary building. Why does Scripture state וְיָצָא (lit.) “he must go out”? For since he had performed the dashing of the blood toward the Curtain, he stood in the area within the golden Altar when dashing, but for placing the blood on the golden Altar he is required to proceed beyond the golden Altar, i.e., east of it, and begin the blood service with the northeast protrusion. |
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אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵֽי־ה'.
זֶה מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב שֶׁהוּא לִפְנֵי ה' — בַּהֵיכָל, וּמַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר וְיָצָא? לְפִי שֶׁהִזָּה הַהַזָּאוֹת עַל הַפָּרֹכֶת וְעָמַד מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלִפְנִים וְהִזָּה, וּבְמַתְּנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ הִזְקִיקוֹ לָצֵאת מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְלַחוּץ וְיַתְחִיל מִקֶּרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית (יומא נ"ח):
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| וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו - And effect atonement upon it. And what is the form of its atonement? – “He must take some of the bull’s blood and some of the he-goat’s blood” – mixed with one another. |
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וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו.
מַה הִיא כַפָּרָתוֹ? וְלָקַח מִדַם הַפָּר וּמִדַם הַשָׂעִיר מְעֹרָבִין זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה (שם נ"ז):
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| 19He must then dash some of the blood upon it with his index finger seven times. He will thus purify it of ritual defilements caused by the Israelites and sanctify it. |
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יטוְהִזָּ֨ה עָלָ֧יו מִן־הַדָּ֛ם בְּאֶצְבָּע֖וֹ שֶׁ֣בַע פְּעָמִ֑ים וְטִֽהֲר֣וֹ וְקִדְּשׁ֔וֹ מִטֻּמְאֹ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| וְהִזָּה עָלָיו מִן־הַדָּם - He must then dash some of the blood upon it - i.e., after placing blood with his index finger on its protrusions, he dashes blood seven times on its top. |
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וְהִזָּה עָלָיו מִן־הַדָּם.
אַחַר שֶׁנָּתַן מַתָּנוֹת בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ עַל קַרְנוֹתָיו מַזֶּה שֶׁבַע הַזָּאוֹת עַל גַּגּוֹ:
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| וְטִֽהֲרוֹ - He will [thus] purify it - from any defilement that occurred previously. |
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וְטִֽהֲרוֹ.
מִמַּה שֶּׁעָבָר:
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| וְקִדְּשׁוֹ - And sanctify it - for future use. |
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וְקִדְּשׁוֹ.
לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא (ספרא):
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| 20After he finishes effecting atonement for defilement of the Holy of Holies, the Tent of Meeting, and the Altar, he must bring the live he-goat. |
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כוְכִלָּה֙ מִכַּפֵּ֣ר אֶת־הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְהִקְרִ֖יב אֶת־הַשָּׂעִ֥יר הֶחָֽי: |
| 21Aaron must lean both of his hands upon the live he-goat’s head and confess upon it all the Israelites’ willful transgressions, all their rebellions, and all their unintentional sins; he will place them on the he-goat’s head. He must send it off to the desert with a man readied for this task. |
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כאוְסָמַ֨ךְ אַֽהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י יָדָ֗יו (כתיב ידו) עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִיר֘ הַחַי֒ וְהִתְוַדָּ֣ה עָלָ֗יו אֶת־כָּל־עֲוֹנֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־כָּל־פִּשְׁעֵיהֶ֖ם לְכָל־חַטֹּאתָ֑ם וְנָתַ֤ן אֹתָם֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְשִׁלַּ֛ח בְּיַד־אִ֥ישׁ עִתִּ֖י הַמִּדְבָּֽרָה: |
| אִישׁ עִתִּי - (lit.) A timely man - i.e., who was designated for this on the previous day. |
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אִישׁ עִתִּי.
הַמּוּכָן לְכָךְ מִיּוֹם אֶתְמוֹל:
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| 22The he-goat will carry upon itself all their sins to a precipitous land. In the desert, he must send the he-goat off to its death. |
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כבוְנָשָׂ֨א הַשָּׂעִ֥יר עָלָ֛יו אֶת־כָּל־עֲוֹנֹתָ֖ם אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ גְּזֵרָ֑ה וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־הַשָּׂעִ֖יר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר: |
| 23Aaron must enter the Tent of Meeting. He must remove the linen garments that he wore when he entered the Holy of Holies, and leave them there. |
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כגוּבָ֤א אַֽהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֣י הַבָּ֔ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָבַ֖שׁ בְּבֹא֣וֹ אֶל־הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וְהִנִּיחָ֖ם שָֽׁם: |
| וּבָא אַֽהֲרֹן אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד - Aaron must enter the Tent of Meeting. Our rabbis said that this is not the proper place for this verse, and they gave a reason for their statement in Tractate Yoma. They said: The entire passage is stated in order except for this entrance into the Tent of Meeting, which takes place after sacrificing his ascent-offering and the people’s ascent-offering and burning up the fat of the bull and the goat, which are all performed outside the Tabernacle, wearing the golden garments. It is then that he immerses, washes his hands and feet, removes the golden garments, and dons the white garments. |
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וּבָא אַֽהֲרֹן אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד.
אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁאֵין זֶה מְקוֹמוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא זֶה וְנָתְנוּ טַעַם לְדִבְרֵיהֶם בְּמַסֶּכֶת יוֹמָא (דף ל"ב), וְאָמְרוּ: כָּל הַפָּרָשָׁה כֻּלָּהּ נֶאֶמְרָה עַל הַסֵּדֶר חוּץ מִבִּיאָה זוֹ שֶׁהִיא אַחַר עֲשִֹיַּת עוֹלָתוֹ וְעוֹלַת הָעָם, וְהַקְטָרַת אֵמוּרֵי פַּר וְשָֹעִיר, שֶׁנַּעֲשִֹים בַּחוּץ בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב, וְטוֹבֵל וּמְקַדֵּשׁ וּפוֹשְׁטָן וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי לָבָן:
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| וּבָא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד - [Aaron] must enter the Tent of Meeting - in order to remove the spoon and pan that he used to burn the incense in the innermost chamber, i.e., the Holy of Holies. |
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וּבָא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד.
לְהוֹצִיא אֶת הַכַּף וְאֶת הַמַּחְתָּה שֶׁהִקְטִיר בָּהּ הַקְּטֹרֶת לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים:
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| וּפָשַׁט אֶת־בִּגְדֵי הַבָּד - He must remove the linen garments-
after he has removed them, i.e., the spoon and pan. He then dons the golden garments for the daily afternoon offering. And this is the order of the services: The daily morning offering in golden garments; the service of the inner bull and goat and the incense burned on the pan in white garments; his ram, the people’s ram, and part of the additional offerings of Yom Kippur in golden garments; removing the spoon and pan in white garments; the rest of the additional offerings, the daily afternoon offering, and the daily incense in the Sanctuary burned on the Inner Altar, in golden garments.
The order of the verses according to the order of services is as follows: “in the desert, he must send the he-goat off”; “he must immerse his flesh in the water…. He must go out and sacrifice his ascent-offering…”; “He must burn up the fat of the sin-offering…,” and the whole passage until: “after doing so, he may enter the camp”; and after that: “Aaron must enter.”
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וּפָשַׁט אֶת־בִּגְדֵי הַבָּד.
אַחַר שֶׁהוֹצִיאָהּ, וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי זָהָב לְתָמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם; וְזֶהוּ סֵדֶר הָעֲבוֹדוֹת: תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב, וַעֲבוֹדַת פַּר וְשָׂעִיר הַפְּנִימִיִּים וּקְטֹרֶת שֶׁל מַחְתָּה בְּבִגְדֵי לָבָן, וְאֵילוֹ וְאֵיל הָעָם וּמִקְצַת הַמּוּסָפִין בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב, וְהוֹצָאַת כַּף וּמַחְתָּה בְּבִגְדֵי לָבָן, וּשְׁיָרֵי הַמּוּסָפִין וְתָמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם וּקְטֹרֶת הַהֵיכָל שֶׁעַל מִזְבֵּחַ הַפְּנִימִי בְּבִגְדֵי זָהָב; וְסֵדֶר הַמִּקְרָאוֹת לְפִי הָעֲבוֹדוֹת כָּךְ הוּא: וְשִׁלַּח אֶת הַשָּׂעִיר בַּמִּדְבָּר, וְרָחַץ אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ בַמַּיִם וְגוֹ', וְיָצָא וְעָשָׂה אֶת עֹלָתוֹ וְגוֹ', וְאֵת חֵלֶב הַחַטָּאת וְגוֹ', וְכָל הַפָּרָשָׁה עַד וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן יָבוֹא אֶל הַמַּחֲנֶה — וְאַחַר כָּךְ וּבָא אַהֲרֹן:
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| וְהִנִּיחָם שָֽׁם - And leave them there. This teaches us that they must be hidden away, and he may not use these four garments for another Yom Kippur. |
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וְהִנִּיחָם שָֽׁם.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטְּעוּנִין גְּנִיזָה וְלֹא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּאוֹתָן ד' בְגָדִים לְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אַחֵר (יומא י"ב):
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| 24He must immerse his flesh in the water of a mikveh in a holy place and don his garments. He must go out and sacrifice his ascent-offering, followed by the people’s ascent-offering. He will thereby effect atonement for himself and for the people. |
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כדוְרָחַ֨ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֤וֹ בַמַּ֨יִם֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָד֔וֹשׁ וְלָבַ֖שׁ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וְיָצָ֗א וְעָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־עֹלַ֣ת הָעָ֔ם וְכִפֶּ֥ר בַּֽעֲד֖וֹ וּבְעַ֥ד הָעָֽם: |
| וְרָחַץ אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֹ וגו' - He must immerse his flesh… Earlier, we derived from: “he must immerse himself in the water of a mikveh before he dons them” that when he changes from the golden garments to the white garments, he requires immersion, for with that immersion he removed the golden garments in which he performed the service of the daily morning offering and donned the white garments for the service particular to this day; and here we learn that when he changes from the white garments to the golden garments, he likewise requires immersion. |
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וְרָחַץ אֶת־בְּשָׂרוֹ וגו'.
לְמַעְלָה לָמַדְנוּ מִ"וְרָחַץ אֶת בְּשָֹרוֹ וּלְבֵשָׁם" שֶׁכְּשֶׁהוּא מְשַׁנֶּה מִבִּגְדֵי זָהָב לְבִגְדֵי לָבָן טָעוּן טְבִילָה, — שֶׁבְּאוֹתָהּ טְבִילָה פָשַׁט בִּגְדֵי זָהָב שֶׁעָבַד בָּהֶן עֲבוֹדַת תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר וְלוֹבֵשׁ בִּגְדֵי לָבָן לַעֲבוֹדַת הַיּוֹם, — וְכָאן לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁכְּשֶׁהוּא מְשַׁנֶּה מִבִּגְדֵי לָבָן לְבִגְדֵי זָהָב טָעוּן טְבִילָה (שם ל"ב):
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| בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ - In a holy place - sanctified with the holiness of the Courtyard. This was on the roof of the Parvah House. The same applied to four of the obligatory immersions of that day, but the first immersion took place in the non-sanctified area surrounding the Courtyard. |
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בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ.
הַמְקֻדָּשׁ בִּקְדֻשַּׁת עֲזָרָה; וְהִיא הָיְתָה בְגַג בֵּית הַפַּרְוָה, וְכֵן אַרְבַּע טְבִילוֹת הַבָּאוֹת חוֹבָה לַיּוֹם, אֲבָל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיְתָה בַחֹל (שם י"ט):
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| וְלָבַשׁ אֶת־בְּגָדָיו - And don his garments - i.e., the eight garments with which he officiates throughout the year. |
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וְלָבַשׁ אֶת־בְּגָדָיו.
שְׁמוֹנָה בְגָדִים שֶׁהוּא עוֹבֵד בָּהֶן כָּל יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה:
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| וְיָצָא - He must go out - of the Sanctuary to the Courtyard, where the sacrificial Altar is situated. |
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וְיָצָא.
מִן הַהֵיכָל אֶל הֶחָצֵר שֶׁמִּזְבַּח הָעוֹלָה שָׁם:
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| וְעָשָׂה אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ - And sacrifice his ascent-offering - i.e., the ram for an ascent-offering mentioned above: “By means of the following procedure Aaron must enter….” |
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וְעָשָׂה אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ.
אַיִל לְעוֹלָה הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה:
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| וְאֶת־עֹלַת הָעָם - Followed by the people’s ascent-offering - i.e., “and one ram as an ascent-offering” mentioned above: “From the community of the Israelites….” |
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וְאֶת־עֹלַת הָעָם.
וְאַיִל אֶחָד לְעוֹלָה הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה "וּמֵאֵת עַדַת בְּנֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל" וְגוֹ':
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