Positive Commandment 166 (Digest)
Resting on the First Day of Sukkot
"On the first day [of Sukkot] there shall be a holy convocation"—Leviticus 23:35.
We sanctify the fifteenth of Tishrei, the first day of Sukkot, by resting on that day—defined as abstaining from any creative work, with the exception of work needed for food purposes.
The 166th mitzvah is that we are commanded to refrain from doing melachah on the first day of Sukkos.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement, "The first day [of Sukkos] shall be a sacred holiday."
Negative Commandment 327 (Digest)
Working on the First Day of Sukkot
"...You shall do no servile work"—Leviticus 23:35.
It is forbidden to engage in creative work—with the exception of work needed for food purposes—on the fifteenth of Tishrei, the first day of Sukkot.
The 327th prohibition is that we are forbidden to perform melachah on the first day of Sukkos.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement, "No servile melachah may be done [on that day]."
Positive Commandment 167 (Digest)
Resting on Shemini Atzeret
"On the eighth day, there shall be a holy convocation for you"—Leviticus 23:36.
We sanctify Shemini Atzeret, the twenty-second of Tishrei, the eighth day from the first day of Sukkot, by resting on that day—defined as abstaining from any creative work, with the exception of work needed for food purposes.
The 167th mitzvah is that we are commanded to refrain from doing melachah on the eighth day of Sukkos.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement, "The eighth day is a sacred holiday for you."
You must know that the command to refrain from melachah is identical for all of these six days, and not a single one of these days has a prohibited melachah unique to it that does not apply to the other. So too, we are allowed to prepare food on each one of them. Therefore, the same law of refraining from melachah applies to all Yomim-Tovim, the details of which are explained in Tractate Yom-Tov [Beitzah].
However, the law of refraining from melachah on Shabbos and Yom Kippur includes these types of melachah and many others as well, because preparation of food was not allowed on these two days. There are some categories of melachah which, although they do not involve food preparation, are still permitted on Yom-Tov and forbidden on Shabbos, as explained in Tractate Yom-Tov.
Negative Commandment 328 (Digest)
Working on Shemini Atzeret
"...You shall do no servile work"—Leviticus 23:36.
It is forbidden to engage in creative work—with the exception of work needed for food purposes—on Shemini Atzeret, the twenty-second of Tishrei.
The 328th prohibition is that we are forbidden to perform melachah on Shemini Atzeres [the eighth day of Sukkos].
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement, "No servile melachah may be done [on that day]."
You must know that anyone that does any melachah on any of these six days is punished by lashes, unless it is a type of melachah used in preparing food, as the verse says regarding one Yom-Tov [Pesach], "The only [melachah] that you may do is that which is needed so that everyone will be able to eat." The same law applies to the other Yomim Tovim.
The details of this commandment are explained in Tractate Beitzah.
Negative Commandment 199 (Digest)
Eating Chametz after Noon of the Fourteenth of Nissan
"You shall eat no leavened bread upon it"—Deuteronomy 16:3.
We are forbidden to eat chametz (leavened foods) after midday of the fourteenth of Nissan. As the Torah says, "You shall eat no leavened bread upon it"—"it" referring to the Paschal Offering, which was offered after midday on the eve of Passover.
(The Sages extended this prohibition to include a time period before midday, to prevent anyone from inadvertently consuming chametz after midday, when it is biblically forbidden.)
The 199th prohibition is that we are forbidden to eat chometz [leaven] on the 14th [of Nissan] after noon.
The source of this commandment is G‑d's statement, "Do not eat any chometz with it."
This expression ["with it"] refers to the Pesach lamb which we are required to sacrifice between noon and sundown on the 14th [of Nissan]. Therefore, the verse means that when the time to bring the sacrifice begins [i.e., noon], you may not eat chometz.
Tractate Pesachim says, "What is the source of the prohibition not to eat chometz after the sixth hour [i.e., noon]? The verse, 'Do not eat any chometz with it.' " It also says there, "According to all opinions, [eating chometz] after the sixth hour is a Biblical prohibition." This is the version of all the reliable copies which were read by the Talmudic Sages.
The reason for the prohibition of eating chometz during the sixth hour is said there: "The Sages made an additional prohibition in order that people not come to a Biblical prohibition." Anyone who transgresses and eats chometz after noon is punished by lashes.
The details of this commandment are explained in the beginning of tractate Pesachim.
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