As the Czarist Russian Empire breathed its last, the fifth Rebbe, Rabbi Sholom DovBer Schneersohn (1860-1920), continued his predecessors’ leading role in Jewish communal affairs. He spearheaded the 1905 matzah campaign for Jewish soldiers in the Far East and played a crucial part in the defense of Mendel Beilis. For more than a century, the White Russian village of Lubavitch served as the cradle of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement, but World War I forced Rabbi Sholom DovBer to relocate east, to the city of Rostov-on-Don. Rabbi Sholom DovBer continued his work as the Russian Revolution engulfed the country, laying the groundwork for the terrible chapter ahead.