| 9And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, |
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טוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 10Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When you come to the Land which I am giving you, and you reap its harvest, you shall bring to the kohen an omer of the beginning of your reaping. |
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ידַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם וּקְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־קְצִירָ֑הּ וַֽהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֶת־עֹ֛מֶר רֵאשִׁ֥ית קְצִֽירְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן: |
| [you shall bring…an omer] of the beginning of your reaping. the first of the harvest [from the fields. Thus, one is permitted to proceed with the general harvest only after this omer has been reaped.]- [Sifthei Chachamim; Men. 71a] |
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רֵאשִׁית קְצִֽירְכֶם.
שֶׁתְּהֵא רִאשׁוֹנָה לַקָּצִיר (ספרא):
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| omer. a tenth of an ephah (see Exod. 16:36). That was its [the measure’s] name, like “And they measured it with an omer” (Exod. 16:18). |
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עֹמֶר.
עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה כָּךְ הָיְתָה שְׁמָהּ, כְּמוֹ וַיָּמֹדּוּ בָעֹמֶר (שמות ט"ז):
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| 11And he shall wave the omer before the Lord so that it will be acceptable for you; the kohen shall wave it on the day after the rest day. |
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יאוְהֵנִ֧יף אֶת־הָעֹ֛מֶר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לִרְצֹֽנְכֶ֑ם מִמָּֽחֳרַת֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת יְנִיפֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן: |
| And he shall wave. Every [mention of] תְּנוּפָה, “waving,” [in Scripture], denotes moving back and forth, up and down. [It is moved] back and forth to prevent evil winds; [it is moved] up and down to prevent evil dews [i.e., the dew should be a blessing for the crop, not a curse]. — [Men. 61a-62a] |
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וְהֵנִיף.
כָּל תְּנוּפָה מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד, מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא לַעֲצֹר רוּחוֹת רָעוֹת, מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד לַעֲצֹר טְלָלִים רָעִים (מנחות ס"ב):
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| so that it will be acceptable for you. If you offer it up according to these instructions, it will be acceptable for you. |
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לִרְצֹֽנְכֶם.
אִם תַּקְרִיבוּ כְּמִשְׁפָּט זֶה יִהְיֶה לְרָצוֹן לָכֶם:
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| on the day after the rest day. מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת. On the day after the first holy day of Passover, [since a holy festival day is also שַׁבָָּת, rest day , in Scripture]. For if you say [that it means] the “Sabbath of Creation” [i.e., the actual Sabbath, the seventh day of the week], you would not know which one. - [Men. 66a] |
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מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת.
מִמָּחֳרַת יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, שֶׁאִם אַתָּה אוֹמֵר שַׁבַּת בְּרֵאשִׁית אֵי אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶהוּ (ספרא; מנחות ס"ו):
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| 12And on the day of your waving the omer, you shall offer up an unblemished lamb in its [first] year as a burnt offering to the Lord; |
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יבוַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֕ם בְּי֥וֹם הֲנִֽיפְכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָעֹ֑מֶר כֶּ֣בֶשׂ תָּמִ֧ים בֶּן־שְׁנָת֛וֹ לְעֹלָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| you shall offer up [an unblemished lamb in its [first] year]. It comes as obligatory for the omer [not as part of the additional offerings of Passover]. |
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וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם … כֶּבֶשׂ.
חוֹבָה לָעֹמֶר הוּא בָא:
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| 13Its meal offering [shall be] two tenths [of an ephah] of fine flour mixed with oil, a fire offering to the Lord as a spirit of satisfaction. And its libation [shall be] a quarter of a hin of wine. |
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יגוּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים סֹ֣לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֑חַ וְנִסְכּ֥וֹ (כתיב ונסכה) יַ֖יִן רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין: |
| Its meal offering. The meal offering [which accompanies every sacrifice], along with its libations. [See Num. 15:116.] [This is not an independent meal offering.] |
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וּמִנְחָתוֹ.
מִנְחַת נְסָכָיו:
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| two tenths [of an ephah]. It was double [the usual meal offering for a lamb, which is one tenth.] (See Num. 15:4.) |
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שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים.
כְּפוּלָה הָיְתָה:
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| and its libation [shall be] a quarter of a hin of wine. Although its meal offering is double, its libations are not double, [but the usual libation prescribed for a lamb (Num. 15:5). - [Men. 89b] |
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ונסכו יַיִן רְבִיעִת הַהִֽין.
אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּנְחָתוֹ כְפוּלָה אֵין נְסָכָיו כְּפוּלִים:
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| 14You shall not eat bread or [flour made from] parched grain or fresh grain, until this very day, until you bring your God's sacrifice. [This is] an eternal statute throughout your generations in all your dwelling places. |
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ידוְלֶ֩חֶם֩ וְקָלִ֨י וְכַרְמֶ֜ל לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֗וּ עַד־עֶ֨צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עַ֚ד הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת־קָרְבַּ֖ן אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם: |
| or [flour made from] parched grain. [This refers to] flour made from tender, plump grain that is parched in an oven (see Lev. 2:14). |
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וְקָלִי.
קֶמַח עָשׂוּי מִכַּרְמֶל רַךְ שֶׁמְּיַבְּשִׁין אוֹתוֹ בַּתַּנּוּר:
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| plump grain. [These are the] plump, parched kernels, grenaillis [in Old French]. — [See Rashi, Sifthei Chachamim on Lev. 2:14] |
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וְכַרְמֶל.
הֵן קְלָיוֹת, שֶׁקּוֹרִין גרניי"ליש:
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| in all your dwelling places. The Sages of Israel differ concerning this. Some learned from here that [the prohibition of eating] the new crop [before the omer] applies [even] outside the Land [of Israel], while others say that this phrase comes only to teach [us] that they were commanded regarding the new crop only after possession and settlement, after they had conquered and apportioned [the land]. — [Kid. 37a] |
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בְּכֹל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם.
נֶחְלְקוּ בוֹ חַכְמֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל, יֵשׁ שֶׁלָּמְדוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁהֶחָדָשׁ נוֹהֵג בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמָרִים לֹא בָא אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד שֶׁלֹּא נִצְטַוּוּ עַל הֶחָדָשׁ אֶלָּא לְאַחַר יְרֻשָּׁה וִישִׁיבָה, מִשֶּׁכִּבְּשׁוּ וְחִלְּקוּ (קידושין ל"ז):
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