Everyone who recites grace or the single blessing that includes the three [blessings of grace] should recite these blessings in the place where he ate. If he ate while walking, he should sit down where he concluded eating and recite the blessings. If he ate while standing, he should sit down in his place and recite grace.
If a person forgets to recite grace and remembers before his food becomes digested, he may recite grace in the place where he remembers. If he intentionally [did not recite grace in the place where he ate], he should return to his place and recite grace. Should he recite grace in the place where he remembers, he fulfills his obligation.
Similarly, a person who recites grace while standing or while walking fulfills his obligation. Nevertheless, at the outset, a person should not recite grace or the single blessing which includes the three [blessings of grace] except when he is seated in the place where he ate.
אכָּל הַמְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן אוֹ בְּרָכָה אַחַת מֵעֵין שָׁלֹשׁ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ אוֹתָהּ בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁאָכַל. אָכַל כְּשֶׁהוּא מְהַלֵּךְ יוֹשֵׁב בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁפָּסַק וִיבָרֵךְ. אָכַל כְּשֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד יוֹשֵׁב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ וִיבָרֵךְ. שָׁכַח לְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן וְנִזְכַּר קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבְּמֵעָיו מְבָרֵךְ בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּזְכַּר. וְאִם הָיָה מֵזִיד חוֹזֵר לִמְקוֹמוֹ וּמְבָרֵךְ. וְאִם בֵּרֵךְ בַּמָּקוֹם שֶׁנִּזְכַּר יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. וְכֵן אִם בֵּרֵךְ כְּשֶׁהוּא עוֹמֵד אוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא מְהַלֵּךְ יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. וּלְכַתְּחִלָּה לֹא יְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן וְלֹא בְּרָכָה שֶׁמֵּעֵין שָׁלֹשׁ אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב וּבַמָּקוֹם שֶׁאָכַל:
A person who is in doubt whether he recited the blessing hamotzi or not should not repeat the blessing, because it is not required by the Torah.
A person who forgets to recite hamotzi should recite the blessing if he remembers before he completes his meal. If he remembers after he completed his meal, he should not recite the blessing.
במִי שֶׁנִּסְתַּפֵּק לוֹ אִם בֵּרֵךְ הַמּוֹצִיא אוֹ לֹא בֵּרֵךְ הַמּוֹצִיא אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִן הַתּוֹרָה. שָׁכַח לְבָרֵךְ הַמּוֹצִיא. אִם נִזְכַּר עַד שֶׁלֹּא גָּמַר סְעֻדָּתוֹ חוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ וְאִם נִזְכַּר לְאַחַר שֶׁגָּמַר אֵינוֹ חוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ:
[The following rules apply when] a person was eating in one house, interrupted his meal, and went to another house, or when a friend called to him and he went out the doorway of his house to speak to him: When he returns, he is required to recite grace after what he originally ate, and to recite hamotzi again because he changed his place. [Only] after this, may he complete his meal.
גהָיָה אוֹכֵל בְּבַיִת זֶה וּפָסַק סְעֻדָּתוֹ וְהָלַךְ לְבַיִת אַחֵר. אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה אוֹכֵל וּקְרָאָהוּ חֲבֵרוֹ לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ וְיָצָא לוֹ לְפֶתַח בֵּיתוֹ וְחָזַר הוֹאִיל וְשִׁנָּה מְקוֹמוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ לְמַפְרֵעַ עַל מַה שֶּׁאָכַל וְחוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ בַּתְּחִלָּה הַמּוֹצִיא וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִגְמֹר סְעֻדָּתוֹ:
[The following rules apply when] friends joined to eat a meal together and [interrupted their meal to] go out to greet a groom or a bride: If they left an old man or a sick person [in the place where they ate], they may return to their place and complete their meal without having to recite a second blessing.
If they did not leave an old man or a sick person [in the place where they ate], when they depart they are required to recite a blessing after eating. When they return, they must recite a blessing before [beginning to eat again].
דחֲבֵרִים שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִים לֶאֱכל וְיָצְאוּ לִקְרַאת חָתָן אוֹ לִקְרַאת כַּלָּה. אִם הִנִּיחוּ שָׁם זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה חוֹזְרִין לִמְקוֹמָן וְגוֹמְרִין סְעֻדָּתָן וְאֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְבָרֵךְ שְׁנִיָּה. וְאִם לֹא הִנִּיחוּ שָׁם אָדָם כְּשֶׁהֵן יוֹצְאִין צְרִיכִין בְּרָכָה לְמַפְרֵעַ וּכְשֶׁהֵן חוֹזְרִין צְרִיכִין בְּרָכָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה:
Similar laws apply when people drink together as a group or eat fruits together. Whenever one changes one's place, it is considered as if he interrupted his eating. Therefore, he must recite a blessing after what he ate and must recite a second blessing before partaking of any other foods.
A person who changes his place from one corner to another in the same room need not recite another blessing. In contrast, a person who ate on the east side of a fig tree and goes to eat on the west side of the fig tree must recite another blessing.
הוְכֵן אִם הָיוּ מְסֻבִּין בִּשְׁתִיָּה אוֹ לֶאֱכל פֵּרוֹת. שֶׁכָּל הַמְשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹמוֹ הֲרֵי פָּסַק אֲכִילָתוֹ וּלְפִיכָךְ מְבָרֵךְ לְמַפְרֵעַ עַל מַה שֶּׁאָכַל וְחוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ שְׁנִיָּה לְכַתְּחִלָּה עַל מַה שֶּׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לֶאֱכל. וְהַמְשַׁנֶּה מְקוֹמוֹ מִפִּנָּה לְפִנָּה בְּבַיִת אֶחָד אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ. אָכַל בְּמִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל תְּאֵנָה וּבָא לֶאֱכל בְּמַעֲרָבָהּ צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ:
Mishneh Torah (Moznaim)
Featuring a modern English translation and a commentary that presents a digest of the centuries of Torah scholarship which have been devoted to the study of the Mishneh Torah by Maimonides.
When a person recites a blessing on bread, it also includes the appetizers eaten together with bread - e.g., cooked food or fruit. Reciting a blessing on these foods, however, does not include bread.
Reciting a blessing on cooked grains includes cooked food. Reciting a blessing on cooked food, however, does not include cooked grains.
ובֵּרֵךְ עַל הַפַּת פָּטַר אֶת הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת שֶׁאוֹכְלִין בָּהֶן הַפַּת מִמִּינֵי הַתַּבְשִׁיל וּפֵרוֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. אֲבָל אִם בֵּרֵךְ עַל הַפַּרְפֶּרֶת לֹא פָּטַר אֶת הַפַּת. בֵּרֵךְ עַל מַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה פָּטַר אֶת הַתַּבְשִׁיל בֵּרֵךְ עַל הַתַּבְשִׁיל לֹא פָּטַר אֶת מַעֲשֵׂה קְדֵרָה:
A person who decides not to continue eating or drinking, and afterwards changes his mind and [desires to] eat or drink, must recite another blessing although he has not changed his place. If he did not decide [to cease] eating or drinking and had in mind to continue - even if he made an interruption for the entire day - he is not required to recite a second blessing.
זגָּמַר בְּלִבּוֹ מִלֶּאֱכל אוֹ מִלִּשְׁתּוֹת וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִמְלַךְ לֶאֱכל אוֹ לִשְׁתּוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא שִׁנָּה מְקוֹמוֹ חוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ. וְאִם לֹא גָּמַר בְּלִבּוֹ אֶלָּא דַּעְתּוֹ לַחֲזֹר לֶאֱכל וְלִשְׁתּוֹת אֲפִלּוּ פָּסַק כָּל הַיּוֹם כֻּלּוֹ אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ שֵׁנִית:
When people who are sitting together and drinking say "Let us recite grace," or "Let us recite kiddush," they are forbidden to continue drinking until they recite grace or kiddush. Should they desire to drink more - although they are not permitted to do so - before reciting grace or kiddush, they are required to recite the blessing borey pri hagafen before drinking. In contrast, should they say, "Let us recite havdalah," they are not required to recite a blessing [should they continue drinking].
חהָיוּ שׁוֹתִין וְאָמְרוּ בּוֹאוּ וּנְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן אוֹ בּוֹאוּ וּנְקַדֵּשׁ קִדּוּשׁ הַיּוֹם נֶאֱסַר עֲלֵיהֶם לִשְׁתּוֹת עַד שֶׁיְּבָרְכוּ אוֹ יְקַדְּשׁוּ. וְאִם רָצוּ לַחֲזֹר וְלִשְׁתּוֹת קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּבָרְכוּ אוֹ יְקַדְּשׁוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם רַשָּׁאִים צְרִיכִים לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ תְּחִלָּה בּוֹרֵא פְּרִי הַגָּפֶן וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִשְׁתּוּ. אֲבָל אִם אָמְרוּ בּוֹאוּ וְנַבְדִּיל אֵין צְרִיכִין לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ:
When a company who gathered together to drink wine were served another type of wine - e.g., they were drinking red wine and black wine was brought, or they were drinking aged wine and fresh wine was brought - they need not recite a second blessing over wine. They should, however, recite the following blessing: "Blessed are You, God, our Lord, King of the universe, who is good and does good."
טהָיוּ מְסֻבִּין לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן וּבָא לָהֶן מִין יַיִן אַחֵר כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיוּ שׁוֹתִין אָדֹם וְהֵבִיאוּ שָׁחֹר אוֹ יָשָׁן וְהֵבִיאוּ חָדָשׁ אֵינָן צְרִיכִין לְבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַיַּיִן פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה. אֲבָל מְבָרְכִין בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב:
A person should not recite a blessing over any food or drink until it is brought before him. If he recited a blessing, and then the food was brought before him, he must recite a second blessing.
When a person took food in his hand and recited a blessing, but [before he could eat it] it fell from his hand and was burned or washed away by a river, he should take other food and recite another blessing. [This applies] even when the food is of the same species. He should also say, "Blessed be the Name of Him whose glorious kingdom is forever and ever" for the first blessing, so that he will not be considered to have recited a blessing in vain.
A person may stand over a stream of water, recite a blessing, and drink. Although the water that was before him at the time he recited the blessing is not the water he drinks, this was his original intention.
יאֵין מְבָרְכִין עַל אֹכֶל מִן כָּל הָאֳכָלִין וְלֹא עַל מַשְׁקֶה מִן כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין עַד שֶׁיָּבוֹא לְפָנָיו. וְאִם בֵּרֵךְ וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֱבִיאוֹ לְפָנָיו צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ. נָטַל אֹכֶל וּבֵרֵךְ עָלָיו וְנָפַל מִיָּדוֹ וְנִשְׂרַף אוֹ שְׁטָפוֹ נָהָר נוֹטֵל אַחֵר וְחוֹזֵר וּמְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין. וְצָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בָּרוּךְ שֵׁם כְּבוֹד מַלְכוּתוֹ לְעוֹלָם וָעֶד עַל בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם לְבַטָּלָה. עוֹמֵד אָדָם עַל אַמַּת הַמַּיִם וּמְבָרֵךְ וְשׁוֹתֶה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַמַּיִם שֶׁהָיוּ לְפָנָיו בִּשְׁעַת הַבְּרָכָה אֵינָם הַמַּיִם שֶׁשָּׁתָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלְּכָךְ נִתְכַּוֵּן תְּחִלָּה:
Foods that are eaten within the meal, because of the meal, do not require a blessing beforehand or afterward. Rather, the blessing hamotzi that is recited in the beginning and the grace recited afterward include everything, because everything is secondary to the meal.
Foods that are eaten within the meal, but do not come because of the meal, require a blessing before partaking of them, but do not require a blessing afterward.
Foods that are eaten after the meal, whether because of the meal or independent of the meal, require a blessing beforehand and afterward.
יאדְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעֻדָּה וְהֵן מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעֻדָּה אֵינָן צְרִיכִין בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם אֶלָּא בִּרְכַּת הַמּוֹצִיא שֶׁבַּתְּחִלָּה וּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁבַּסּוֹף פּוֹטֶרֶת הַכּל שֶׁהַכּל טְפֵלָה לַסְּעֻדָּה. וּדְבָרִים שֶׁאֵינָן מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעֻדָּה שֶׁבָּאוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעֻדָּה טְעוּנִין בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶם וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם. וּדְבָרִים הַבָּאִים לְאַחַר הַסְּעֻדָּה בֵּין מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעֻדָּה בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא מֵחֲמַת הַסְּעֻדָּה טְעוּנִין בְּרָכָה לִפְנֵיהֶן וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם:
On Sabbaths, on festivals, at the meal after one lets blood or leaves the bath, and the like, when a person makes wine a primary element of his meal, if he recites a blessing on wine before eating his meal, that blessing includes the wine that he drinks after the meal, before he recites grace. In contrast, on other days, a person should recite another blessing on wine that is drunk after the meal.
If wine is served to a company in the midst of the meal, each person should recite a blessing by himself, because one's mouth may not be empty to recite Amen. [This blessing] does not include the wine that is drunk after the meal.
יבבְּשַׁבָּתוֹת וּבְיָמִים טוֹבִים וּבִסְעוּדַת הַקָּזַת הַדָּם וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁיָּצָא מִן הַמֶּרְחָץ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן שֶׁאָדָם קוֹבֵעַ סְעֵדָּתוֹ עַל הַיַּיִן. אִם בֵּרֵךְ עַל הַיַּיִן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמָּזוֹן פָּטַר אֶת הַיַּיִן שֶׁשָּׁתָה לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּבָרֵךְ בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן. אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר הַיָּמִים צָרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְבָרֵךְ בַּתְּחִלָּה עַל הַיַּיִן שֶׁל אַחַר הַמָּזוֹן. בָּא לָהֶן יַיִן בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ שֶׁאֵין בֵּית הַבְּלִיעָה פָּנוּי שֶׁיַּעֲנוּ אָמֵן וְאֵינוֹ פּוֹטֵר אֶת הַיַּיִן שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן: