| 33When a convert dwells with you in your land, you must not taunt him. |
|
לגוְכִֽי־יָג֧וּר אִתְּךָ֛ גֵּ֖ר בְּאַרְצְכֶ֑ם לֹ֥א תוֹנ֖וּ אֹתֽוֹ: |
| לֹא תוֹנוּ - You must not (lit.) abuse. This refers here to verbal abuse. Do not tell him: “Yesterday you were an idolater, and now you attempt to study Torah given by the Almighty’s word!” |
|
לֹא תוֹנוּ.
אוֹנָאַת דְּבָרִים; לֹא תֹאמַר לוֹ אֶמֶשׁ הָיִיתָ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְעַכְשָׁו אַתָּה בָא לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּתְּנָה מִפִּי הַגְּבוּרָה (בבא מציעא נ"ח):
|
| 34The convert who dwells with you must be treated as a native from among you, and you must love him as you love yourself, for you were strangers in Egypt; I am God, your God. |
|
לדכְּאֶזְרָ֣ח מִכֶּם֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֜ם הַגֵּ֣ר | הַגָּ֣ר אִתְּכֶ֗ם וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לוֹ֙ כָּמ֔וֹךָ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֥ים הֱיִיתֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֹ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם: |
| כִּֽי־גֵרִים הֱיִיתֶם - For you were strangers - i.e., do not accuse another of a defect you yourself possess. |
|
כִּֽי־גֵרִים הֱיִיתֶם.
מוּם שֶׁבְּךָ אַל תֹּאמַר לַחֲבֵרְךָ (שם נ"ט):
|
| אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם - I am God, your God - I am your God and his God. |
|
אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם.
אֱלֹהֶיךָ וֵאלֹהָיו אֲנִי:
|
| 35You must not commit a perversion of justice with regard to measures of length, area, weight, or liquid or dry volume. |
|
להלֹא־תַֽעֲשׂ֥וּ עָ֖וֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט בַּמִּדָּ֕ה בַּמִּשְׁקָ֖ל וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה: |
| לֹא־תַֽעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט - You must not commit a perversion of justice. If this refers literally to litigation, has it not already been said: לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט “You must commit no injustice in judgment”? What, then, is the “justice” stated here? It relates to “measures of length and area, weight, and volume.” This teaches us that the person who measures is called a judge, for if he falsifies a measure, it is considered as if he corrupts justice, and because of this, he is likewise called unjust, hateful, loathsome, condemned to destruction, and an abomination, and he brings about the five things that are stated with regard to a corrupt judge: He defiles the land, profanes God’s Name, causes the Divine Presence to depart, causes the Israelites to fall by the sword, and causes them to be exiled from their land. |
|
לֹא־תַֽעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט.
אִם לְדִין, הֲרֵי כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ עָוֶל בַּמִּשְׁפָּט (פסוק ט"ו), וּמַהוּ מִשְׁפָּט הַשָּׁנוּי כָּאן? הוּא הַמִּדָּה וְהַמִּשְׁקָל וְהַמְּשׂוּרָה, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁהַמּוֹדֵד נִקְרָא דַיָּן, שֶׁאִם שִׁקֵּר בַּמִּדָּה הֲרֵי הוּא כִמְקַלְקֵל אֶת הַדִּין, וְקָרוּי עַוָּל, שָׂנאוּי וּמְשֻׁקָּץ, חֵרֶם וְתוֹעֵבָה, וְגוֹרֵם לַחֲמִשָּׁה דְבָרִים הָאֲמוּרִים בַּדַּיָּן — מְטַמֵּא אֶת הָאָרֶץ, וּמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַשֵּׁם, וּמְסַלֵּק אֶת הַשְּׁכִינָה, וּמַפִּיל אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּחֶרֶב, וּמַגְלֶה אוֹתָם מֵאַרְצָם (ספרא):
|
| בַּמִּדָּה - To measures. This denotes measuring land. |
|
בַּמִּדָּה.
זוֹ מִדַּת הָאָרֶץ (שם):
|
| בַּמִּשְׁקָל - Weight. Understand this according to its literal meaning. |
|
בַּמִּשְׁקָל.
כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:
|
| וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה - Or volume. This refers to liquid measure. |
|
וּבַמְּשׂוּרָֽה.
הִיא מִדַּת הַלַּח (בבא מציעא ס"א):
|
| 36You must have accurate scales, accurate weights, an accurate container holding an ephah, and an accurate container holding a hin. I am God, your God, who brought you out of Egypt. |
|
לומֹ֧אזְנֵי צֶ֣דֶק אַבְנֵי־צֶ֗דֶק אֵ֥יפַת צֶ֛דֶק וְהִ֥ין צֶ֖דֶק יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָֹ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם: |
| אַבְנֵי־צֶדֶק - These are the stone weights that one uses to weigh on scales. |
|
אַבְנֵי־צֶדֶק.
הֵם הַמִּשְׁקוֹלוֹת שֶׁשּׁוֹקְלִין כְּנֶגְדָּן:
|
| אֵיפַת - This is dry measure. |
|
אֵיפַת.
הִיא מִדַּת הַיָּבֵשׁ:
|
| וְהִין - This is liquid measure. |
|
וְהִין.
זוֹ הִיא מִדַּת הַלַּח:
|
| אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם - Who brought you out - for this purpose. Another explanation: I discerned in Egypt between the drop of semen that formed a firstborn and the drop that did not form a firstborn, in order to determine who was to be smitten in the plague of the firstborn, so I may similarly be relied upon to punish one who buries his weights in salt to alter them and cheat people who are unaware of it. |
|
אֲשֶׁר־הוֹצֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם.
עַל מְנָת כֵּן; דָּבָר אַחֵר אֲנִי הִבְחַנְתִּי בְּמִצְרַיִם בֵּין טִפָּה שֶׁל בְּכוֹר לְטִפָּה שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁל בְּכוֹר, וַאֲנִי הַנֶּאֱמָן לִפָּרַע מִמִּי שֶׁטּוֹמֵן מִשְׁקְלוֹתָיו בַּמֶּלַח לְהוֹנוֹת אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁאֵין מַכִּירִין בָּהֶם (בבא מציעא ס"א):
|
| 37You must safeguard all My rules and all My ordinances and fulfill them; I am God.’” |
|
לזוּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־כָּל־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֹֽה: |
