1God spoke to Moses in the Sinai Desert, in the Tent of Meeting, on the first day of the second month of the second year after their exodus from Egypt, saying: |
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אוַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוָֹ֧ה אֶל־משֶׁ֛ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד בְּאֶחָד֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֜י בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְצֵאתָ֛ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר: |
וידבר. בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ וגו' - [God] spoke…in the Sinai Desert…on the first day of the [second] month. Because the Israelites are so dear to God, He counts them at every point: When they left Egypt, He counted them, and when some of them fell during the incident of the Golden Calf, He counted them to know how many remained, and now, once He came to rest His Presence among them, he counted them: on the first of Nisan the Tabernacle was erected, and on the first of Iyar He counted them. |
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וידבר. בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ וגו'.
מִתּוֹךְ חִבָּתָן לְפָנָיו מוֹנֶה אוֹתָם כָּל שָׁעָה — כְּשֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם מְנָאָן, וּכְשֶׁנָּפְלוּ בָּעֵגֶל מְנָאָן לֵידַע מִנְיַן הַנּוֹתָרִים, כְּשֶׁבָּא לְהַשְׁרוֹת שְׁכִינָתוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם מְנָאָם, בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּבְאֶחָד בְּאִיָּר מְנָאָם:
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2“Take a census of the entire community of the Israelites by families, by their paternal houses, by the number of their names, a head count of every male. |
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בשְׂא֗וּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֙ כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֔וֹת כָּל־זָכָ֖ר לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם: |
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם - By families - to know the number of each tribe by adding up the family totals. |
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לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם.
לֵידַע מִנְיַן כָּל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט:
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לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם - By their paternal houses - i.e., one whose father is from one tribe and his mother from another belongs to the tribe of his father. |
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לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם.
מִי שֶׁאָבִיו מִשֵּׁבֶט אֶחָד וְאִמּוֹ מִשֵּׁבֶט אַחֵר יָקוּם עַל שֵׁבֶט אָבִיו (עי' בבא בתרא ק"ט):
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לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם - A head count - i.e., indirectly, by taking shekels – a beka per head. |
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לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם.
עַל יְדֵי שְׁקָלִים — בֶּקַע לַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת:
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3You and Aaron must count all those in Israel 20 years old and over, all those fit to serve in the army, by their tribal troops. |
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גמִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל תִּפְקְד֥וּ אֹתָ֛ם לְצִבְאֹתָ֖ם אַתָּ֥ה וְאַֽהֲרֹֽן: |
כָּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא - All those fit to serve in the army. This tells us that one does not serve in the army if under 20 years old. |
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כָּל־יֹצֵא צָבָא.
מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין יוֹצֵא בַּצָּבָא פָּחוּת מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים:
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4There must be one man with you from each tribe, the one who is head of his paternal house. |
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דוְאִתְּכֶ֣ם יִֽהְי֔וּ אִ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ לַמַּטֶּ֑ה אִ֛ישׁ רֹ֥אשׁ לְבֵית־אֲבֹתָ֖יו הֽוּא: |
וְאִתְּכֶם יִֽהְיוּ - (lit.) They must be…with you. This form indicates that they must all be present together: when you count them, the prince of every tribe must be with you. |
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וְאִתְּכֶם יִֽהְיוּ.
כְּשֶׁתִּפְקְדוּ אוֹתָם יִהְיוּ עִמָּכֶם נְשִׂיא כָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט:
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5These are the names of the men who must stand with you: for Reuben, Elitzur son of Shedei’ur; |
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הוְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַֽעַמְד֖וּ אִתְּכֶ֑ם לִרְאוּבֵ֕ן אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־שְׁדֵיאֽוּר: |
6for Simeon, Shelumi’el son of Tzurishadai; |
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ולְשִׁמְע֕וֹן שְׁלֻֽמִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּרִֽישַׁדָּֽי: |
7for Judah, Nachshon son of Aminadav; |
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זלִֽיהוּדָ֕ה נַחְשׁ֖וֹן בֶּן־עַמִּֽינָדָֽב: |
8for Issachar, Netan’el son of Tzu’ar; |
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חלְיִ֨שָּׂשכָ֔ר נְתַנְאֵ֖ל בֶּן־צוּעָֽר: |
9for Zebulun, Eli’av son of Chelon; |
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טלִזְבוּלֻ֕ן אֱלִיאָ֖ב בֶּן־חֵלֹֽן: |
10for the descendants of Joseph: for Ephraim, Elishama son of Amihud; for Manasseh, Gamli’el son of Pedahtzur; |
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ילִבְנֵ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף לְאֶפְרַ֕יִם אֱלִֽישָׁמָ֖ע בֶּן־עַמִּיה֑וּד לִמְנַשֶּׁ֕ה גַּמְלִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־פְּדָהצֽוּר: |
11for Benjamin, Avidan son of Gid’oni; |
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יאלְבִ֨נְיָמִ֔ן אֲבִידָ֖ן בֶּן־גִּדְעֹנִֽי: |
12for Dan, Achi’ezer son of Amishadai; |
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יבלְדָ֕ן אֲחִיעֶ֖זֶר בֶּן־עַמִּֽישַׁדָּֽי: |
13for Asher, Pag’i’el son of Ochran; |
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יגלְאָשֵׁ֕ר פַּגְעִיאֵ֖ל בֶּן־עָכְרָֽן: |
14for Gad, Elyasaf son of De’u’el; |
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ידלְגָ֕ד אֶלְיָסָ֖ף בֶּן־דְּעוּאֵֽל: |
15for Naphtali, Achira son of Einan.” |
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טולְנַ֨פְתָּלִ֔י אֲחִירַ֖ע בֶּן־עֵינָֽן: |
16These men were the ones summoned from the community as the princes of the tribes of their fathers; they became the heads of the thousands of Israel. |
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טזאֵ֚לֶּה קְרוּאֵ֣י (כתיב קריאי) הָֽעֵדָ֔ה נְשִׂיאֵ֖י מַטּ֣וֹת אֲבוֹתָ֑ם רָאשֵׁ֛י אַלְפֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵֽם: |
אֵלֶּה קרואי הָֽעֵדָה - These were the ones summoned from the community - i.e., those who are summoned for every important matter in the community to represent the people collectively. |
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אֵלֶּה קרואי הָֽעֵדָה.
הַנִּקְרָאִים לְכָל דְּבַר חֲשִׁיבוּת שֶׁבָּעֵדָה:
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17Moses and Aaron took these men, who had been designated by their names. |
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יזוַיִּקַּ֥ח משֶׁ֖ה וְאַֽהֲרֹ֑ן אֵ֚ת הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִקְּב֖וּ בְּשֵׁמֽוֹת: |
הָֽאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה - These men - i.e., these twelve princes. |
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הָֽאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה.
אֶת שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִים הַלָּלוּ:
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אֲשֶׁר נִקְּבוּ - who had been designated. to Moses here by name, to install them in this new capacity and office. |
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אֲשֶׁר נִקְּבוּ.
לוֹ כָּאן בשמות:
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18They assembled the entire community on the first day of the second month, and they registered their lineage according to their families, according to their fathers’ houses, by the number of their names, a head count of every male 20 years old and over. |
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יחוְאֵ֨ת כָּל־הָֽעֵדָ֜ה הִקְהִ֗ילוּ בְּאֶחָד֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיִּתְיַֽלְד֥וּ עַל־מִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם בְּמִסְפַּ֣ר שֵׁמ֗וֹת מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה וָמַ֖עְלָה לְגֻלְגְּלֹתָֽם: |
וַיִּתְיַֽלְדוּ עַל־מִשְׁפְּחֹתָם - They registered their lineage according to their families - i.e., they brought the records of their lineage and witnesses to their accepted status of birth so that each person establish his lineage as being from the particular tribe. |
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וַיִּתְיַֽלְדוּ עַל־מִשְׁפְּחֹתָם.
הֵבִיאוּ סִפְרֵי יִחוּסֵיהֶם וְעֵדֵי חֶזְקַת לֵדָתָם, כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לְהִתְיַחֵס עַל הַשֵּׁבֶט (עי' ילקוט תרפ"ד):
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19As God commanded Moses, so did he count them in the Sinai desert. |
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יטכַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֹ֖ה אֶת־משֶׁ֑ה וַיִּפְקְדֵ֖ם בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי: |