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Ishut - Chapter 1

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Ishut - Chapter 1

The instruction of the wise is a source of life, diverting one from deathly pitfalls (Proverbs 13:14)תּוֹרַת חָכָם מְקוֹר חַיִּים, לָסוּר מִמֹּקְשֵׁי מָוֶת (משלי יג, יד).
The Book of Laws Governing
Relations with Women
סֵפֶר נָשִׁים
The Fourth Bookוְהוּא סֵפֶר רְבִיעִי
It contains five halachot. They are, in order:הִלְכוֹתָיו חָמֵשׁ, וְזֶה הוּא סִדּוּרָן:
Hilchot Ishut — The Laws of Marriageהִלְכוֹת אִישׁוּת,
Hilchot Gerushin — The Laws of Divorceהִלְכוֹת גֵּרוּשִׁין,
Hilchot Yibbum VaChalitzah—The Laws Pertaining to Yibbum and Chalitzahהִלְכוֹת יִבּוּם וַחֲלִיצָה,
Hilchot Na’arah Betulah — The Laws Pertaining to a Virgin Maidenהִלְכוֹת נַעֲרָה בְּתוּלָה,
Hilchot Sotah — The Laws Pertaining to a Sotahהִלְכוֹת סוֹטָה
The Laws of Marriageהִלְכוֹת אִישׁוּת
They contain four mitzvot: two positive commandments and two negative commandments. They are:יֵשׁ בִּכְלָלָן אַרְבַּע מִצְווֹת - שְׁתֵּי מִצְווֹת עֲשֵׂה, וּשְׁתֵּי מִצְווֹת לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה; וְזֶה הוּא פְּרָטָן:
1) To marry a woman, granting her the rights of the formal marriage contract (ketubah) and sanctifying the relationship through the rites of kiddushin,(א) לִשָּׂא אִשָּׁה בִּכְתֻבָּה וְקִדּוּשִׁין;
2) Not to have relations with a woman unless she has been granted a marriage contract, and the relationship has been sanctified through the rites of kiddushin,(ב) שֶׁלֹּא תִבָּעֵל אִשָּׁה בְּלֹא כְּתֻבָּה וְקִדּוּשִׁין;
3) Not to deny her food, clothing and marital relations,(ג) שֶׁלֹּא יִמְנַע שְׁאֵר כְּסוּת וְעוֹנָה;
4) To be fruitful and multiply.(ד) לִפְרוֹת וְלִרְבּוֹת מִמֶּנָּה.
These mitzvot are explained in the chapters that follow.וּבֵאוּר מִצְווֹת אֵלּוּ בִּפְרָקִים אֵלּוּ.
1Before the Torah was given, when a man would meet a woman in the marketplace and he and she decided to marry, he would bring her home, conduct relations in private and thus make her his wife.אקֹדֶם מַתַּן תּוֹרָה הָיָה אָדָם פּוֹגֵעַ אִשָּׁה בַּשּׁוּק, אִם רָצָה הוּא וְהִיא לִשָּׂא אוֹתָהּ - מַכְנִיסָהּ לְבֵיתוֹ וּבוֹעֲלָהּ בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְמוֹ, וְתִהְיֶה לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה.
Once the Torah was given, the Jews were commanded that when a man desires to marry a woman, he must acquire her as a wife in the presence of witnesses. Only after this, does she become his wife. This is alluded to in Deuteronomy 22:13: ‘‘When a man takes a wife and is intimate with her....’’כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּתְּנָה תּוֹרָה, נִצְטַוּוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה הָאִישׁ לִשָּׂא אִשָּׁה - יִקְנֶה אוֹתָהּ תְּחִלָּה בִּפְנֵי עֵדִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ תִּהְיֶה לוֹ לְאִשָּׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי יִקַּח אִישׁ אִשָּׁה וּבָא אֵלֶיהָ" (דברים כב, יג).
2This process of acquisition fulfills one of the Torah’s positive commandments.1בוְלִקּוּחִין אֵלּוּ, מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה שֶׁל תּוֹרָה הֵם.
The process of acquiring a wife is formalized in three ways: through the transfer of money, through the transfer of a formal document and through intimate relations. The effectiveness of intimate relations and the transfer of a formal document have their origin in the Torah itself, while the effectiveness of transfer of money is Rabbinic in origin.2וּבְאֶחָד מִשְּׁלוֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים הָאִשָּׁה נִקְנֵית - בַּכֶּסֶף, אוֹ בַּשְּׁטָר, אוֹ בַּבִּיאָה. בְּבִיאָה וּבְשְּׁטָר, מֵהַתּוֹרָה, וּבְכֶּסֶף, מִדִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.
This process of acquisition is universally referred to as erusin (‘‘betrothal’’) or kiddushin (‘‘consecration’’). And a woman who is acquired in any of these three ways is referred to as mekudeshet or me’ureset.וְלִקּוּחִין אֵלּוּ, הֵן הַנִקְרָאִין 'קִדּוּשִׁין' אוֹ 'אֵרוּסִין' בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּקְנֵית בְּאֶחָד מִשְּׁלוֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ, הִיא הַנִּקְרֵאת 'מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת' אוֹ 'מְאֹרֶסֶת'.
3Once this process of acquisition has been formalized and a woman has become mekudeshet, she is considered to be married even though the marriage bond has not been consummated and she has not entered her husband’s home.גוְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּקְנֵית הָאִשָּׁה וְנַעֲשֵׂית מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִבְעֲלָה וְלֹא נִכְנְסָה לְבֵית בַּעְלָהּ - הֲרֵי הִיא אֵשֶׁת אִישׁ.
Should anyone other than her husband engage in intimate relations with her, he is liable to be executed by the court. If her husband desires to divorce her, he must compose a get a formal bill of divorce.וְהַבָּא עָלֶיהָ חוּץ מִבַּעְלָהּ, חַיָּב מִיתַת בֵּית דִּין. וְאִם רָצָה לְגָרֵשׁ, צְרִיכָה גֵּט.
4Before the Torah was given, when a man would meet a woman in the marketplace, and he and she desired, he could give her payment, engage in relations with her wherever they desired, and then depart. Such a woman is referred to as a harlot.3דקֹדֶם מַתַּן תּוֹרָה הָיָה אָדָם פּוֹגֵעַ אִשָּׁה בַּשּׁוּק, אִם רָצָה הוּא וְהִיא - נוֹתֵן לָהּ שְׂכָרָהּ, וּבוֹעֵל אוֹתָהּ עַל אֵם הַדֶּרֶךְ וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ. וְזוֹ הִיא הַנִּקְרֵאת 'קְדֵשָׁה'.
When the Torah was given, relations with a harlot became forbidden, as Deuteronomy 23:18 states: ‘‘There shall not be a harlot among the children of Israel.’’4מִשֶּׁנִתְּנָה הַתּוֹרָה - נֶאְסְרָה הַקְּדֵשָׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לֹא תִהְיֶה קְדֵשָׁה מִבְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל" (דברים כג, יח).
Therefore, a person who has relations with a woman for the sake of lust, without kiddushin, receives lashes as prescribed by the Torah, because he had relations with a harlot.לְפִיכָךְ כָּל הַבּוֹעֵל אִשָּׁה לְשֵׁם זְנוּת, בְּלֹא קִדּוּשִׁין - לוֹקֶה מִן הַתּוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּעַל קְדֵשָׁה.
5Whenever it is forbidden to engage in relations from the Torah, and engaging in relations makes one liable for karet - i.e., the forbidden relationships mentioned in Parashat Acharei Mot, such as a person’s mother, his sister, his daughter and the like - these relations are called arayot, and each particular forbidden relationship is called an ervah.5הכָּל שֶׁאָסַר בִּיאָתָן בַּתּוֹרָה וְחַיָּב עַל בִּיאָתָן כָּרֵת, וְהֵן הָאֲמוּרוֹת בְּפָרָשַׁת "אַחֲרֵי מוֹת" (ויקרא טז, א), הֵן הַנִקְרָאִין 'עֲרָיוֹת'. וְכָל אַחַת מֵהֶן נִקְרֵאת 'עֶרְוָה', כְּגוֹן אֵם וְאָחוֹת וּבַת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן.
6There are other women with whom relations are forbidden according to the Oral Tradition; these prohibitions are Rabbinic in origin. These women are called shniyot (prohibitions of a secondary nature).ווְיֵשׁ נָשִׁים אֲחֵרוֹת שֶׁאֲסוּרוֹת מִפִּי הַקַּבָּלָה, וְאִסּוּרָן מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. וְהֵן הַנִּקְרָאוֹת 'שְׁנִיּוֹת', מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן שְׁנִיּוֹת לָעֲרָיוֹת. וְכָל אַחַת מֵהֶן נִקְרֵאת 'שְׁנִיָּה'.
There are twenty such women, including: a) one’s maternal grandmother; this prohibition continues upward without interruption: a person’s maternal grandmother’s maternal grandmother - and also those further removed - are also forbidden; b) the mother of a person’s maternal grandfather; this prohibition applies to her alone and not her forbears.וְעֶשְׂרִים אִשָּׁה הֵן, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: (א) אֵם אִמּוֹ, וְזוֹ אֵין לָהּ הֶפְסֵק, אֶלָא אַפִלּוּ אֵם אֵם אֵם אִמּוֹ עַד מַעְלָה מַעְלָה, אֲסוּרָה; (ב) וְאֵם אֲבִי אִמּוֹ בִּלְבָד.
c) a person’s paternal grandmother; this prohibition continues upward without interruption: a person’s paternal grandmother’s maternal grandmother - and also those further removed - are also forbidden; d) the mother of his paternal grandfather; this prohibition applies to her alone and not her forbears.(ג) וְאֵם אָבִיו, וְזוֹ אֵין לָהּ הֶפְסֵק, אֶלָא אַפִלּוּ אֵם אֵם אֵם אָבִיו עַד לְמַעְלָה, אֲסוּרָה; (ד) וְאֵם אֲבִי אָבִיו בִּלְבָד.
e) the wife of his paternal grandfather; this prohibition continues upward without interruption; the wife of our Patriarch Jacob is forbidden to any one of us; f) the wife of his maternal grandfather; this prohibition applies to her alone; g) the wife of his father’s maternal brother; h) the wife of his mother’s brother, whether a paternal or a maternal brother.(ה) וְאֵשֶׁת אֲבִי אָבִיו, וְזוֹ אֵין לָהּ הֶפְסֵק, אַפִלּוּ אֵשֶׁת יַעֲקוֹב אָבִינוּ, אֲסוּרָה עַל אֶחָד מִמֶּנּוּ; (ו) וְאֵשֶׁת אֲבִי אִמּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (ז) וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי הָאָב, מִן הָאֵם; (ח) וְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי הָאֵם, בֵּין מִן הָאֵם בֵּין מִן הָאָב.
i) his son’s daughter-in-law; this prohibition continues downward without interruption; any one of our wives is forbidden to our Patriarch Jacob; j) the daughter-in-law of one’s daughter; this prohibition applies to her alone.(ט) וְכַלַּת בְּנוֹ, וְזוֹ אֵין לָהּ הֶפְסֵק, אַפִלּוּ כַּלַּת בֶּן בֶּן בְּנוֹ עַד סוֹף הָעוֹלָם, אֲסוּרָה - עַד שֶׁתִּהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת אֶחָד מִמֶּנּוּ, שְׁנִיָּה עַל יַעֲקוֹב אָבִינוּ; (י) וְכַלַּת בִּתּוֹ בִּלְבָד.
k) the daughter of one’s son’s daughter; this prohibition applies to her alone; l) the daughter of one’s son’s son; this prohibition applies to her alone; m) the daughter of one’s daughter’s daughter; this prohibition applies to her alone; n) the daughter of one’s daughter’s son; this prohibition applies to her alone; o) the daughter of the son of one’s wife’s son; this prohibition applies to her alone; p) the daughter of the daughter of one’s wife’s daughter; this prohibition applies to her alone.(יא) וּבַת בַּת בְּנוֹ בִּלְבָד; (יב) וּבַת בֶּן בְּנוֹ בִּלְבָד; (יג) וּבַת בַּת בִּתּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (יד) וּבַת בֶּן בִּתּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (טו) וּבַת בֶּן בֶּן אִשְׁתּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (טז) וּבַת בַּת בַּת אִשְׁתּוֹ בִּלְבָד.
q) the maternal grandmother of one’s wife’s father; this prohibition applies to her alone; r) the paternal grandmother of one’s wife’s mother; this prohibition applies to her alone; s) the maternal grandmother of one’s wife’s mother; this prohibition applies to her alone; t) the paternal grandmother of one’s wife’s father; this prohibition applies to her alone.(יז) וְאֵם אֵם אֲבִי אִשְׁתּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (יח) וְאֵם אָב אֵם אִשְׁתּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (יט) וְאֵם אֵם אֵם אִשְׁתּוֹ בִּלְבָד; (כ) וְאֵם אָב אֲבִי אִשְׁתּוֹ בִּלְבָד.
Thus, the categories of shniyot that continue without interruption are four: one’s maternal grandmother - this continues upward without interruption; one’s paternal grandmother - this continues upward without interruption; the wife of one’s paternal grandfather - this continues upward without interruption; and the wife of one’s son’s son - this continues downward without interruption.נִמְצְאוּ הַשְּׁנִיּוֹת שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן הֶפְסֵק, אַרְבַּע: אֵם הָאֵם עַד לְמַעְלָה, וְאֵם הָאָב עַד לְמַעְלָה, וְאֵשֶׁת אֲבִי הָאָב עַד לְמַעְלָה, וְאֵשֶׁת בֶּן בְּנוֹ עַד לְמַטָּה.
7All relations with women that are forbidden by the Torah, but that are not punishable by karet, are referred to as issurei lavin (prohibitions forbidden by negative commandments); they are also referred to as issurei kedushah (prohibitions that encourage holiness).זכָּל שֶׁאָסַר בִּיאָתוֹ בַּתּוֹרָה וְלֹא חַיָּב עָלָיו כָּרֵת, הֵן הַנִּקְרָאִים 'אִסּוּרֵי לָאוִין'. וְעוֹד, נִקְרָאִין 'אִסּוּרֵי קְדֻשָּׁה'.
They are nine: relations between a widow and a High Priest;6 those between a divorcee, a zonah,7 or a chalalah8 and either a High Priest or an ordinary priest,9 those between a bastard10 and a native-born Jewish male or female, those between a native-born Jewish woman and a Moabite or Ammonite convert,11 those between a man and his divorcee after she has been married to another person,12 those between a native-born Jewish woman and a man with crushed testicles or a cut member,13 and those between a yevamah and a man other than one of her deceased husband’s brothers while she is still obligated to them.14וְתִשְׁעָה הֵן, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: אַלְמָנָה לְכוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל. גְּרוּשָׁה אוֹ זוֹנָה אוֹ חֲלָלָה - בֵּין לְכוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל בֵּין לְכוֹהֵן הִדְיוֹט. וּמַמְזֶרֶת לְבֶן יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכֵן בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמַמְזֵר. וּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לְעַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי. וּבַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לִפְצוּעַ דַּכָּא וּכְרוּת שָׁפְכָה. וּגְרוּשָׁתוֹ, אַחַר שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְאַחֵר. וִיבָמָה שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְזָר, וַעֲדַיִן רְשׁוּת הַיָּבָם עָלֶיהָ.
According to Rabbinic decree, an equation is established between a divorcee and a woman who undergoes chalitzah, and the latter is also forbidden to engage in relations with a priest.הַחֲלוּצָה, הֲרֵי הִיא כִּגְרוּשָׁה, וְהִיא אֲסוּרָה לַכּוֹהֵן מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.
The Rabbis also placed netinim - male or female - in the same status as bastards. In Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah, we will explain who the netinim are.15וְהַנְּתִינִים - הֲרֵי הֵם כְּמַמְזֵרִים, אֶחָד זְכָרִים וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת, וְאִסּוּרָם מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. וּבְהִלְכוֹת אִסּוּרֵי בִּיאָה יִתְבָּאֵר לְךָ מַה הֵם הַנְּתִינִים.
8There are certain relationships for which there is a prohibition resulting from a positive commandment issurei aseh, but they are not prohibited by a negative commandment.חוְיֵשׁ שֶׁאִסּוּר בִּיאָתָן בַּעֲשֵׂה, וְאֵינָן מֵחַיָּבֵי לָאוִין.
There are three such prohibitions: the first and second generations of Egyptian or Edomite converts, both men and women to all native-born Jews and Jewish women, and a woman who is not a virgin to a High Priest.וּשְׁלוֹשָׁה הֵם: מִצְרִי וַאֲדוֹמִי דּוֹר רִאשׁוֹן וְדוֹר שֵׁנִי, אֶחָד זְכָרִים וְאֶחָד נְקֵבוֹת. וּבְעוּלָה לְכוֹהֵן גָּדוֹל.
In these instances, there are no verses that state “He shall not enter the congregation of God...” or “he may not take....” The prohibition against the marriage of the Edomite and Egyptian converts is instead derived from Deuteronomy 23:9, which states that “in the third generation they may enter the congregation of God.” This implies that the first and second generations may not enter this marriage group.לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בְּאֵלּוּ לֹא יָבוֹא אוֹ לֹא יִקַּח, אֶלָא מִכְּלַל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "דּוֹר שְׁלִישִׁי יָבֹא לָהֶם" (דברים כג, ט), אַתָּה לָמֵד שֶׁדּוֹר רִאשׁוֹן וְשֵׁנִי לֹא יָבוֹא.
Similarly, from the positive commandment, Leviticus 21:13: “He the High Priest shall marry a virgin,” we can derive that he is forbidden to marry a woman who is not a virgin.וּמִכְּלַל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהוּא אִשָּׁה בִבְתוּלֶיהָ יִקָּח" (ויקרא כא, יג), אַתָּה לָמֵד שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּתוּלָה לֹא יִקַּח.
A prohibition that is derived from a positive commandment has the status of a positive commandment.וְלָאו הַבָּא מִכְּלַל עֲשֵׂה, הֲרֵי הוּא כַּעֲשֵׂה.
Footnotes
1.

Sefer HaMitzvot (positive commandment 213) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvah 552) include this as one of the Torah’s 613 commandments.

2.

The Ra’avad and others object to this statement, noting that Kiddushin 4b derives the concept that the transfer of money is an effective means of formalizing a marriage bond from a gezerah shavah, a correlation between two verses in the Torah, indicating that this practice also has its source in the Torah.
The Maggid Mishneh and the Kessef Mishneh draw attention to the Rambam’s statements in Sefer HaMitzvot (General Principle 2), which state that any law that is not explicitly stated in the Torah, but rather derived through the Thirteen Principles of Biblical exegesis, is considered to be Rabbinic in origin (midivrei soferim). This classification does not, however, in any way diminish the status of this practice, and it is as if it were explicitly stated in the Torah. Thus, a marriage bond formalized through the transfer of money has the same status as one formalized through either of the other means mentioned by the Rambam.
Rav Kapach differs and states that the Rambam altered the text in his later years, and the correct version states, ‘‘All three are from Scriptural Law.’’ In explanation, he draws attention to the Rambam’s Commentary to the Mishnah (Kiddushin 1:1) and to one of the Rambam’s responsa, and on this basis differs with the above principle.
He maintains that whenever the Rambam uses the expression midivrei soferim, he means that the practice is Rabbinic in origin and does not have the status of Scriptural Law. The only practices that are considered to be ordained by Scriptural Law are those explicitly stated in the Torah or mentioned by the Sages as having the status of Scriptural Law.
In this context, he explains the Rambam’s approach. Originally [as evidenced by the Rambam’s statements in Sefer HaMitzvot (positive commandment 213)], the Rambam thought that sexual intimacy are the only means that are effective in bringing about kiddushin according to Scriptural Law. For not only the effectiveness of the transfer of money, but also that of the transfer of a legal document is derived by the Sages only through Biblical exegesis. Afterwards, on the basis of certain passages that state that the effectiveness of the transfer of a legal document has the status of a Scriptural practice, the Rambam changed his opinion and wrote that the transfer of a document is also effective according to Scriptural Law. This opinion is reflected in the Commentary to the Mishnah and the original version of the Mishneh Torah. Even later, the Rambam accepted the opinion that the effectiveness of the transfer of money also stems from Scriptural Law itself. This is reflected in Chapter 3, Halachah 20, and the corrected text mentioned above.
(See Birkat Avraham, Responsum 44, in which the Rambam’s son, Rabbenu Avraham, substantiates Rav Kapach’s version of the Mishneh Torah.)

3.

The Ra’avad and others differ and maintain that a woman is not considered to be a harlot unless she is a professional prostitute. The difference between this approach and the Rambam’s involves only the severity of the prohibition. Both agree that sexual relations outside the context of marriage are forbidden. With regard to a pilegesh, a woman one designates as a sexual partner but who is not consecrated as a wife, see Hilchot Melachim 4:4.

4.

Sefer HaMitzvot (negative commandment 355) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvah 570) include this as one of the Torah’s 613 commandments.

5.

These include incestuous and adulterous relationships as mentioned in Leviticus, Chapter 18. The forbidden relationships that are punishable by execution are discussed in Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah, Chapter 1, and those for which one is liable for karet and for which lashes are given are discussed in Hilchot Sanhedrin, Chapter 19.

7.

Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 18:1 defines this term as meaning either a woman who is not Jewish, a Jewish woman who has engaged in relations with a man she is forbidden to marry, or one who engages in relations with a challal (a male born from relations between a priest and a woman he is forbidden to marry).

8.

A woman who engages in relations with a priest despite a prohibition against doing so, or a female born from relations between a priest and a woman he is forbidden to marry (Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 19:1).

9.

See Leviticus 21:7, 21:14.

10.

A bastard is defined as a person born from any of the forbidden marital relations that are punishable by execution or karet, with the exception of relations with a woman in the niddah state. This term does not refer to a child born out of wedlock. Deuteronomy 23:3 forbids a bastard from marrying a native-born Jewish male or female.

14.

A yevamah is a childless widow, who is obligated to marry one of her deceased husband’s brothers or to be discharged of that obligation through the rite of chalitzah. Until she and her brother-in-law fulfill this rite, she is forbidden to marry anyone else. (See Deuteronomy 25:5-10.)

15.

The netinim are the Givonites, who were forbidden to marry into the Jewish people even after their conversion by Joshua. King David reinforced the ban against them. (See Hilchot Issurei Bi’ah 12:22-23.)

The Mishneh Torah was the Rambam's (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon) magnum opus, a work spanning hundreds of chapters and describing all of the laws mentioned in the Torah. To this day it is the only work that details all of Jewish observance, including those laws which are only applicable when the Holy Temple is in place. Participating in one of the annual study cycles of these laws (3 chapters/day, 1 chapter/day, or Sefer Hamitzvot) is a way we can play a small but essential part in rebuilding the final Temple.
Download Rambam Study Schedules: 3 Chapters | 1 Chapter | Daily Mitzvah
Rabbi Eliyahu Touger is a noted author and translator, widely published for his works on Chassidut and Maimonides.
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The text on this page contains sacred literature. Please do not deface or discard.