| 1Moses called the whole community of the children of Israel to assemble, and he said to them: "These are the things that the Lord commanded to make. |
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אוַיַּקְהֵ֣ל משֶׁ֗ה אֶת־כָּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥ת אֹתָֽם: |
| Moses called… to assemble. Heb. וַיַּקְהֵל. [He assembled them] on the day after Yom Kippur, when he came down from the mountain. This [word] is a hiph’il [causative] expression [i.e., causing someone to do something], because one does not assemble people with [one’s] hands [i.e., directly], but they are assembled through one’s speech. Its Aramaic translation is וְאַכְנֵשׁ. |
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וַיַּקְהֵל משֶׁה.
לְמָחֳרַת יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כְּשֶׁיָּרַד מִן הָהָר, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן הִפְעִיל, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵף אֲנָשִׁים בְּיָּדַיִם, אֶלָּא הֵן נֶאֱסָפִין עַל פִּי דִּבּוּרוֹ, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְאַכְנֵישׁ:
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| 2Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day you shall have sanctity, a day of complete rest to the Lord; whoever performs work thereon [on this day] shall be put to death. |
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בשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֘ תֵּֽעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י יִֽהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה כָּל־הָֽעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת: |
| Six days. He [Moses] prefaced [the discussion of the details of] the work of the Mishkan with the warning to keep the Sabbath, denoting that it [i.e., the work of the Mishkan] does not supersede the Sabbath. -[from Mechilta] |
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שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים.
הִקְדִּים לָהֶם אַזְהָרַת שַׁבָּת לְצִוּוּי מְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ דוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת (מכילתא):
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| 3You shall not kindle fire in any of your dwelling places on the Sabbath day." |
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גלֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲר֣וּ אֵ֔שׁ בְּכֹ֖ל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּי֖וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת: |
| You shall not kindle fire. Some of our Rabbis say that [the prohibition of] kindling was singled out for a [mere] negative commandment, while others say that it was singled out to separate [all types of labor]. -[from Shab. 70a] |
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לֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲרוּ אֵשׁ.
יֵשׁ מֵרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אוֹמְרִים הַבְעָרָה לְלָאו יָצָאת, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים לְחַלֵּק יָצָאת (שבת ע'):
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| 4And Moses spoke to the entire community of the children of Israel, saying: "This is the word that the Lord has commanded to say: |
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דוַיֹּ֣אמֶר משֶׁ֔ה אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר: |
| This is the word that the Lord has commanded. me to say to you. |
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זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה'.
לִי לאמר לָכֶם:
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| 5'Take from yourselves an offering for the Lord; every generous hearted person shall bring it, [namely] the Lord's offering: gold, silver, and copper; |
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הקְח֨וּ מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤ם תְּרוּמָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה כֹּ֚ל נְדִ֣יב לִבּ֔וֹ יְבִיאֶ֕הָ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֽשֶׁת: |
| generous-hearted person. Heb. נְדִיב לִבּוֹ. Since his heart moved him to generosity, he is called “generous-hearted” (נְדִיב לֵב). I already explained the offering for the Mishkan and its work in the place of their command [Exod. 25 through 34]. |
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נְדִיב לִבּוֹ.
עַל שֵׁם שֶׁלִּבּוֹ נוֹדְבוֹ, קָרוּי נְדִיב לֵב. כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי נִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּמְלַאכְתּוֹ בִּמְקוֹם צַוָּאתָן:
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| 6and blue, purple, and crimson wool; and linen and goat hair; |
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ווּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים: |
| 7and ram skins dyed red, tachash skins, and acacia wood; |
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זוְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַֽעֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּֽים: |
| 8and oil for lighting, and spices for the anointing oil and for the incense; |
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חוְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּא֑וֹר וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים: |
| 9and shoham stones and filling stones for the ephod and for the choshen. |
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טוְאַ֨בְנֵי־שֹׁ֔הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָֽאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֽשֶׁן: |
| 10And every wise hearted person among you shall come and make everything that the Lord has commanded: |
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יוְכָל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב בָּכֶ֑ם יָבֹ֣אוּ וְיַֽעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 11The Mishkan, its tent and its cover, its clasps and its planks, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets; |
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יאאֶ֨ת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן אֶת־אָֽהֳל֖וֹ וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֑הוּ אֶת־קְרָסָיו֙ וְאֶת־קְרָשָׁ֔יו אֶת־בְּרִיחָ֕ו אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנָֽיו: |
| The Mishkan. The bottom curtains, which appear inside it [the Mishkan], are called Mishkan. |
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אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן.
יְרִיעוֹת הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת הַנִּרְאוֹת בְּתוֹכוֹ קְרוּיִים מִשְׁכָּן:
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| its tent. That is the tent [made] of the curtains of goat hair, made for a roof. |
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אֶת־אָֽהֳלוֹ.
הִיא אֹהֶל יְרִיעוֹת עִזִּים, הֶעָשׂוּי לְגַג:
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| and its cover. The cover of ram skins and tachash skins. |
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וְאֶת־מִכְסֵהוּ.
מִכְסֵה עוֹרוֹת אֵילִים וְהַתְּחָשִׁים:
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| 12the ark and its poles, the ark cover and the screening dividing curtain; |
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יבאֶת־הָֽאָרֹ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶת וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ: |
| and the screening dividing curtain. Heb. פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָךְ. The dividing curtain, [which serves as a] screen. Anything that protects, whether from above or from the front, is called a screen (מָסָךְ) or a cover (סְכָךְ). Similarly, “You made a hedge (שַׂכְתָּ) about him” (Job 1:10); “behold I will close off (שָׂךְ) your way” (Hos. 2:8). |
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וְאֵת פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ.
פָּרֹכֶת הַמְּחִיצָה; כָּל דָּבָר הַמֵּגֵן, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָה בֵּין מִכְּנֶגֶד, קָרוּי מָסָךְ וּסְכָךְ, וְכֵן סַכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ (איוב א'), הִנְנִי סָךְ אֶת דַּרְכֵּךְ (הושע ב'):
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| 13the table and its poles and all its implements, and the showbread; |
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יגאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים: |
| the showbread. I already explained (Exod. 25:29) that it was called לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים because it had faces [i.e., surfaces] looking in both directions, for it was made like a type of box, without a cover. |
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לֶחֶם הַפָּנִֽים.
כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פָּנִים לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי כְּמִין תֵּבָה פְרוּצָה:
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| 14and the menorah for lighting and its implements and its lamps, and the oil for lighting; |
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ידוְאֶת־מְנֹרַ֧ת הַמָּא֛וֹר וְאֶת־כֵּלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־נֵֽרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר: |
| and its implements. Its tongs and its scoops. |
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וְאֶת־כֵּלֶיהָ.
מֶלְקָחַיִם וּמַחְתּוֹת:
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| its lamps. Ses luzes, lozes in Old French, spoons in which the oil and the wicks are placed. |
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נֵֽרֹתֶיהָ.
לוצי"יש בְּלַעַז, בָּזִיכִים שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶן וְהַפְּתִילוֹת נְתוּנִין בָּהֶן:
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| and the oil for lighting. That too required wise-hearted [people] because it was different from other oils, as is explained in Menachoth (86a): he picks it [the olives] at the top of the olive tree, and it is crushed and pure. |
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וְאֵת שֶׁמֶן הַמָּאוֹר.
אַף הוּא צָרִיךְ חַכְמֵי לֵב, שֶׁהוּא מְשֻׁנֶּה מִשְּׁאָר שְׁמָנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בִּמְנָחוֹת (דף פ"ו), מְגַרְגְּרוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַזַּיִת, וְהוּא כָּתִית וְזַךְ:
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| 15and the altar for incense and its poles, and the anointing oil and the incense and the screen of the entrance for the entrance of the Mishkan; |
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טווְאֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙ וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֔יו וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לְפֶ֥תַח הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן: |
| and the screen of the entrance. The screen in front of the eastern side, for there were no planks or curtains there. |
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מָסַךְ הַפֶּתַח.
וִילוֹן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ שָׁם קְרָשִׁים וְלֹא יְרִיעוֹת:
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| 16the altar for the burnt offering, its copper grating, its poles and all its implements, the washstand and its base; |
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טזאֵ֣ת | מִזְבַּ֣ח הָֽעֹלָ֗ה וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּח֨שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ: |
| 17the hangings of the courtyard, its pillars, and its sockets, and the screen of the gate of the courtyard; |
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יזאֵ֚ת קַלְעֵ֣י הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶֽחָצֵֽר: |
| its pillars, and its sockets. Heb. אֶת-עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת-אִדָנֶיהָ. Thus “courtyard” (חָצֵר) is referred to here both as masculine and feminine [since עַמֻּדָיו is a masculine possessive and אִדָנֶיהָ is a feminine possessive], and so are many [other] nouns. |
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אֵת עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶיהָ.
הֲרֵי חָצֵר קָרוּי כָּאן לְשׁוֹן זָכָר וּלְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה, וְכֵן דְּבָרִים הַרְבֵּה:
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| and the screen of the gate of the courtyard. The screen spread out on the eastern side, [covering] the middle twenty cubits of the width of the courtyard, for it [the courtyard] was fifty cubits wide, and fifteen cubits of it toward the northern side were closed off, and similarly toward the south. As it is said: “The hangings on the shoulder [shall be] fifteen cubits” (Exod. 27:14). |
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וְאֶת־מָסַךְ שַׁעַר הֶֽחָצֵר.
וִילוֹן פָּרוּשׂ לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אֶמְצָעִיּוֹת שֶׁל רֹחַב הֶחָצֵר – שֶׁהָיָה חֲמִשִּׁים רֹחַב – וּסְתוּמִין הֵימֶנּוּ לְצַד צָפוֹן ט"ו אַמָּה, וְכֵן לַדָּרוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, וַחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קְלָעִים לַכָּתֵף:
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| 18the pegs of the Mishkan and the pegs of the courtyard, and their ropes; |
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יחאֶת־יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר וְאֶת־מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם: |
| the pegs. [used] to drive [into the ground] and to tie the ends of the curtains with them into the ground, so that they [the curtains] would not move with the wind. |
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יִתְדֹת.
לִתְקֹעַ וְלִקְשׁוֹר בָּהֶם סוֹפֵי הַיְרִיעוֹת בָּאָרֶץ, שֶׁלֹּא יָנוּעוּ בָּרוּחַ:
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| and their ropes. Heb. מֵיתְרֵיהֶם, ropes [used] to tie [the curtains]. |
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מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם.
חֲבָלִים לִקְשֹׁר:
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| 19the meshwork garments to serve in the Holy, the holy garments for Aaron the Kohen [Gadol], and the garments of his sons [in which] to serve [as kohanim].' " |
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יטאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ לְאַֽהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן: |
| the meshwork garments. to cover the ark, the table, the menorah, and the altars when they [the Israelites] would leave for their travels. |
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בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד.
לְכַסּוֹת הָאָרוֹן וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, הַמְּנוֹרָה וְהַמִּזְבְּחוֹת בִּשְׁעַת סִלּוּק מַסָּעוֹת:
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| 20The entire community departed from before Moses. |
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כוַיֵּֽצְא֛וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִלִּפְנֵ֥י משֶֽׁה: |
