| 12When you have finished taking all the tithes of your produce that grew in the third year of the sabbatical cycle—the year of the first tithe, and you have given them to the Levite, the convert, the orphan, and the widow, each one enough so that they can eat to satiation in your cities, |
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יבכִּ֣י תְכַלֶּ֞ה לַ֠עְשֵׂ֠ר אֶת־כָּל־מַעְשַׂ֧ר תְּבוּאָֽתְךָ֛ בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖ת שְׁנַ֣ת הַמַּֽעֲשֵׂ֑ר וְנָֽתַתָּ֣ה לַלֵּוִ֗י לַגֵּר֙ לַיָּת֣וֹם וְלָֽאַלְמָנָ֔ה וְאָֽכְל֥וּ בִשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ וְשָׂבֵֽעוּ: |
| כִּי תְכַלֶּה לַעְשֵׂר אֶת־כָּל־מַעְשַׂר תְּבוּאָֽתְךָ בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁת - When you have finished taking all the tithes of your produce in the third year - i.e., when you finish separating the tithes of the third year of the seven-year sabbatical cycle. Scripture fixed the time for the removal of the tithes and the subsequent affirmation on the day before Passover of the fourth year; for it says: “After the end of three years, you must take….” Here it says: “after the end of,” and elsewhere it says: “at the end of seven years,” regarding the obligation to assemble the people then. Just as there it refers to a festival, so too, here, it refers to a festival. Lest you say: Just as there it speaks of the Festival of Sukot, so too, here, it refers to the Festival of Sukot, Scripture states: “when you have finished tithing” the tithes of the third year, implying that the festival meant is the one when tithing can be concluded. This is Passover, for there are many trees that are harvested only after Sukot. It follows that tithing the produce of the third year is concluded only by Passover of the fourth year; and whoever has delayed giving his tithes until then, Scripture requires him to remove them from his house. |
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כִּי תְכַלֶּה לַעְשֵׂר אֶת־כָּל־מַעְשַׂר תְּבוּאָֽתְךָ בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁת.
כְּשֶׁתִּגְמֹר לְהַפְרִישׁ מַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁל שָׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית; קָבַע זְמַן הַבִּעוּר וְהַוִּדּוּי בְּעֶרֶב הַפֶּסַח שֶׁל שָׁנָה הָרְבִיעִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י"ד) "מִקְצֵה שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים תּוֹצִיא וְגוֹ'", נֶאֱמַר כָּאן "מִקֵּץ", וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן "מִקֵּץ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים" לְעִנְיַן הַקְהֵל (דברים ל"א) מַה לְּהַלָן רֶגֶל אַף כָּאן רֶגֶל, אִי מַה לְּהַלָּן חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת אַף כָּאן חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר כי תכלה לעשר מַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁל שָׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית, רֶגֶל שֶׁהַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת כָּלִין בּוֹ וְזֶהוּ פֶּסַח, שֶׁהַרְבֵּה אִילָנוֹת יֵשׁ שֶׁנִּלְקָטִין אַחַר הַסֻּכּוֹת; נִמְצְאוּ מַעְשְׂרוֹת שֶׁל שְׁלִישִׁית כָּלִין בְּפֶסַח שֶׁל רְבִיעִית, וְכָל מִי שֶׁשִּׁהָה מַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו הִצְרִיכוֹ הַכָּתוּב לְבַעֲרוֹ מִן הַבַּיִת (שם ה"ו):
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| שְׁנַת הַמַּֽעֲשֵׂר - The year of the tithe - i.e., the year when only one of the two tithes that applied in the two previous years applies – for the produce of the first year of the sabbatical cycle is subject to the first tithe, as it says: “When you take the tithe from the Israelites” – and the second tithe, as it says: “You must eat the tithe of your grain, wine, and oil…before God, your God.” There are thus two tithes. Scripture comes and teaches you here that in the third year, only one of those two tithes applies. Which one is it? The first tithe, and instead of the second tithe, give the tithe of the poor, as is stated here: “and you have given to the Levite” that which is due to him, i.e., the first tithe; “the convert, the orphan, and the widow” – referring to the tithe of the poor. |
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שְׁנַת הַמַּֽעֲשֵׂר.
שָׁנָה שֶׁאֵין נוֹהֵג בָּהּ אֶלָּא מַעֲשֵׂר אֶחָד מִשְּׁנֵי מַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ בִשְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים שֶׁלְּפָנֶיהָ, שֶׁשָּׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל שְׁמִטָּה נוֹהֵג בָּה מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר י"ח) "כִּי תִקְחוּ מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר", וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י"ד) "וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ … מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְיִצְהָרֶךָ", הֲרֵי שְׁנֵי מַעַשְׂרוֹת, וּבָא וְלִמֶּדְךָ כָאן בַּשָּׁנָה הַשְּׁלִישִׁית שֶׁאֵין נוֹהֵג מֵאוֹתָן שְׁנֵי מַעַשְׂרוֹת אֶלָּא הָאֶחָד, וְאֵי זֶה? זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, וְתַחַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי יִתֵּן מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר כָּאן ונתתה ללוי אֶת אֲשֶׁר לוֹ — הֲרֵי מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן, לגר ליתום ולאלמנה — זֶה מַעְשַׂר עָנִי (עי' ספרי):
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| וְאָֽכְלוּ בִשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְשָׂבֵֽעוּ - So that they can eat to satiation in your cities - i.e., give them enough that they can be satisfied. Based on this, our sages said: “One may not give a poor person collecting the tithe at the threshing floor less than half a kav of wheat….” |
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וְאָֽכְלוּ בִשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְשָׂבֵֽעוּ.
תֵּן לָהֶם כְּדֵי שָׂבְעָן, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין לֶעָנִי בַּגֹּרֶן פָּחוֹת מֵחֲצִי קַב חִטִּים וְכוּ' (ספרי; תלמוד ירושלמי פאה פ"ח ה"ה):
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| 13you must declare before God, your God: ‘I have removed from my house the holy produce; and I have also given the first tithe to the Levite and the tithe for the poor to the convert, the orphan, and the widow, in accordance with all Your commandments that You commanded me. I have not transgressed any of Your commandments, nor have I forgotten to thank You. |
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יגוְאָֽמַרְתָּ֡ לִפְנֵי֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ בִּעַ֧רְתִּי הַקֹּ֣דֶשׁ מִן־הַבַּ֗יִת וְגַ֨ם נְתַתִּ֤יו לַלֵּוִי֙ וְלַגֵּר֙ לַיָּת֣וֹם וְלָֽאַלְמָנָ֔ה כְּכָל־מִצְוָֽתְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתָ֑נִי לֹֽא־עָבַ֥רְתִּי מִמִּצְוֹתֶ֖יךָ וְלֹ֥א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי: |
| וְאָֽמַרְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ - You must declare before God, your God - i.e., affirm that you have given your tithes. |
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וְאָֽמַרְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ.
הִתְוַדֵּה שֶׁנָּתַתָּ מַעַשְׁרוֹתֶיךָ:
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| בִּעַרְתִּי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִן־הַבַּיִת - I have removed from my house the holy produce. This refers to the second tithe and fourth-year fruit. It teaches you that if he delayed giving his tithes of the previous two years and did not bring them up to Jerusalem, he must bring them up now. |
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בִּעַרְתִּי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִן־הַבַּיִת.
זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְנֶטַע רְבָעִי (ספרי; מע"ש ה"י) וְלִמֶּדְךָ שֶׁאִם שִׁהָה מַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו שֶׁל שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים וְלֹא הֶעֱלָם לִירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהַעֲלוֹתָם עַכְשָׁו:
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| וְגַם נְתַתִּיו לַלֵּוִי - And I have also given it to the Levite. This refers to the first tithe. The word וְגַם is added to include terumah and the first fruits. |
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וְגַם נְתַתִּיו לַלֵּוִי.
מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וגַם לְרַבּוֹת תְּרוּמָה וּבִכּוּרִים:
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| וְלַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָֽאַלְמָנָה - And to the convert, the orphan, and the widow. This refers to the tithe of the poor. |
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וְלַגֵּר לַיָּתוֹם וְלָֽאַלְמָנָה.
זֶה מַעְשַׂר עָנִי (שם):
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| כְּכָל־מִצְוָֽתְךָ - In accordance with all Your commandments - i.e., I gave them in the correct order. I did not give terumah before the first fruits, nor the first tithe before terumah, nor the second tithe before the first; for terumah is called רֵאשִׁית “the first,” i.e., it is the first gift due once the grain has been piled up, and Scripture states: “you must not delay your tax of newly-ripened first fruits, nor your terumah” – i.e., do not change the order. |
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כְּכָל־מִצְוָֽתְךָ.
נְתַתִּים כְּסִדְרָם, לֹא הִקְדַּמְתִּי תְרוּמָה לְבִכּוּרִים וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר לִתְרוּמָה וְלֹא שֵׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהַתְּרוּמָה קְרוּיָה רֵאשִׁית, שֶׁהִיא רִאשׁוֹנָה מִשֶּׁנַעֲשָׂה דָגָן, וּכְתִיב (שמות כ"ב) "מְלֵאָתְךָ וְדִמְעֲךָ לֹא תְאַחֵר" — לֹא תְשַׁנֶּה אֶת הַסֵּדֶר (ספרי):
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| לֹֽא־עָבַרְתִּי ממצותיך - I have not transgressed any of Your commandments - i.e., I did not separate fruit of one species in order to fulfill this obligation for another species, nor did I separate fruit from new produce for old. |
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לֹֽא־עָבַרְתִּי ממצותיך.
לֹא הִפְרַשְׁתִּי מִמִּין עַל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ וּמִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן (שם):
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| וְלֹא שָׁכָֽחְתִּי - Nor have I forgotten - to bless You for the opportunity of separating tithes. |
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וְלֹא שָׁכָֽחְתִּי.
מִלְּבָרֶכְךָ עַל הַפְרָשַׁת מַעַשְׂרוֹת (ברכות מ'):
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| 14I did not consume any of the second tithe while in my grief. Nor did I consume any of it while I or it was ritually defiled; neither did I use any of it for the dead. I have obeyed God, my God; I have acted in accordance with all that You commanded me. |
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ידלֹֽא־אָכַ֨לְתִּי בְאֹנִ֜י מִמֶּ֗נּוּ וְלֹֽא־בִעַ֤רְתִּי מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ בְּטָמֵ֔א וְלֹֽא־נָתַ֥תִּי מִמֶּ֖נּוּ לְמֵ֑ת שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי בְּקוֹל֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔י עָשִׂ֕יתִי כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתָֽנִי: |
| לֹֽא־אָכַלְתִּי באוני מִמֶּנּוּ - I did not consume any of it while in my grief. From here we derive that the second tithe is forbidden to an onen (one whose close relative died on that day). |
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לֹֽא־אָכַלְתִּי באוני מִמֶּנּוּ.
מִכָּאן שֶׁאָסוּר לְאוֹנֵן (עי' ביכורים פ"ב משנה ב'):
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| וְלֹֽא־בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא - Nor did I consume any of it while defiled. Whether I was ritually defiled and the tithed produce was ritually undefiled, or I was ritually undefiled and it was ritually defiled. And where was the warning about this stated? Scripture says: “You may not consume within your cities the second tithe of your grain…”; this term (“in your cities”) refers to eating it while ritually defiled, as it says regarding disqualified sacrifices that have been redeemed: “You may eat it in your cities, the ritually defiled and the ritually undefiled together,” and thus indicates: This tithe, however, you must not eat in the manner described elsewhere as “eating in your cities.” |
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וְלֹֽא־בִעַרְתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ בְּטָמֵא.
בֵּין שֶׁאֲנִי טָמֵא וְהוּא טָהוֹר, בֵּין שֶׁאֲנִי טָהוֹר וְהוּא טָמֵא (ספרי); וְהֵיכָן הֻזְהַר עַל כָּךְ? "לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ" (דברים י"ב) זוֹ אֲכִילַת טֻמְאָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּפְסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁים (שם ט"ו) "בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ תֹּאכְלֶנּוּ הַטָּמֵא וְהַטָּהוֹר וְגוֹ'", אֲבָל זֶה לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכֹל דֶּרֶךְ אֲכִילַת שְׁעָרֶיךָ הָאָמוּר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר (יבמות ע"ג):
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| וְלֹֽא־נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת - Neither did I use any of it for the dead - i.e., to make a coffin or shrouds for him. |
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וְלֹֽא־נָתַתִּי מִמֶּנּוּ לְמֵת.
לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ אָרוֹן וְתַכְרִיכִין:
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| שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּקוֹל ה' אֱלֹהָי - I have obeyed God, my God - i.e., I brought it to the Chosen House (the Temple). |
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שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּקוֹל ה' אֱלֹהָי.
הֲבִיאוֹתִיו לְבֵית הַבְּחִירָה:
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| עָשִׂיתִי כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָֽנִי - I have acted in accordance with all that You commanded me - i.e., I rejoiced and gladdened others with it. |
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עָשִׂיתִי כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתָֽנִי.
שָׂמַחְתִּי וְשִׂמַּחְתִּי בוֹ (ספרי; מעש"ש פ"ה י"ב):
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| 15Look down favorably from Your holy dwelling, heaven, and bless Your people Israel and the land that You have given to us as You swore to our forefathers—a land flowing with milk and date- and fig-honey.’ |
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טוהַשְׁקִ֩יפָה֩ מִמְּע֨וֹן קָדְשְׁךָ֜ מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבָרֵ֤ךְ אֶת־עַמְּךָ֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֵת֙ הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תָּה לָ֑נוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר נִשְׁבַּ֨עְתָּ֙ לַֽאֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ: |
| הַשְׁקִיפָה מִמְּעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָ - Look down from Your holy dwelling. We have done that which You decreed upon us; now do what is incumbent upon You, for You said: “If you advance in My rules…I will give you your rains in their time.” |
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הַשְׁקִיפָה מִמְּעוֹן קָדְשְׁךָ.
עָשִׂינוּ מַה שֶּׁגָּזַרְתָּ עָלֵינוּ, עֲשֵׂה אַתָּה מַה שֶּׁעָלֶיךָ לַעֲשׂוֹת (ספרי), שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ (ויקרא כ"ו) "אִם בְּחֻקֹּתַי תֵּלֵכוּ … וְנָתַתִּי גִשְׁמֵיכֶם בְּעִתָּם":
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| אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּה לָנוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לאבותינו - That You have given to us as You swore to our forefathers - to give it to us, and You fulfilled this oath – “a land flowing with milk and honey.” |
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אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּה לָנוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ לאבותינו.
לָתֵת לָנוּ וְקִיַּמְתָּ — ארץ זבת חלב ודבש:
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