1These are the journeys of the Israelites who left Egypt, organized by their troops, under the leadership of Moses and Aaron. |
|
אאֵ֜לֶּה מַסְעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָֽצְא֛וּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם בְּיַד־משֶׁ֖ה וְאַֽהֲרֹֽן: |
אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי - These are the journeys. Why are all these stations recorded? In order to make us aware of the kindnesses of the Omnipresent, namely, that although He decreed upon the Israelites to have them move around and wander in the desert, you should not say that they were wandering and being pushed from place to place the entire 40 years and had no rest. For there are no more than 42 stations stated here; deduct from them 14, all of which were in the first year after leaving Egypt before the decree, i.e., from when they traveled from Rameses until they arrived at Ritmah, from where the spies were sent, as it says: “Thereafter, the people departed from Chatzerot and camped in the Paran desert,” after which God said to Moses: “Send out men, if you wish…,” and here it says: “They journeyed from Chatzerot and encamped at Ritmah”; you thus learn that it is in the Paran desert. Furthermore, deduct from them eight journeys that were after Aaron’s death – from Mount Hor until the plains of Moab, in the 40th year. It thus follows that in the entire 38 years they made only 20 journeys. This explanation is from the work of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan. Rabbi Tanchuma gave another explanation: This list of stations can be compared to a king whose son was sick and he took him to a faraway place to cure him. When they returned, the father began recounting all their stations. He said to his son: “Here we slept; here we felt cold; here you had a headache….” |
|
אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי.
לָמָּה נִכְתְּבוּ הַמַּסָּעוֹת הַלָּלוּ? לְהוֹדִיעַ חֲסָדָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁגָּזַר עֲלֵיהֶם לְטַלְטְלַם וְלַהֲנִיעָם בַּמִּדְבָּר, לֹא תֹאמַר שֶׁהָיוּ נָעִים וּמְטֻלְטָלִים מִמַּסָּע לְמַסָּע כָּל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וְלֹא הָיְתָה לָהֶם מְנוּחָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין כָּאן אֶלָּא אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁתַּיִם מַסָּעוֹת, צֵא מֵהֶם י"ד שֶׁכֻּלָּם הָיוּ בְּשָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה קֹדֶם גְּזֵרָה, מִשֶּׁנָּסְעוּ מֵרַעְמְסֵס עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לְרִתְמָה שֶׁמִּשָּׁם נִשְׁתַּלְּחוּ מְרַגְּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאַחַר נָסְעוּ הָעָם מֵחֲצֵרוֹת" וְגוֹ' (במדבר י"ב), "שְׁלַח לְךָ אֲנָשִׁים" וְגוֹ' (שם י"ג), וְכָאן (פסוק י"ח) הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַיִּסְעוּ מֵחֲצֵרֹת וַיַּחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָה", לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁהִיא בְמִדְבַּר פָּארָן; וְעוֹד הוֹצֵא מִשָּׁם ח' מַסָּעוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לְאַחַר מִיתַת אַהֲרֹן — מֵהֹר הָהָר עַד עַרְבוֹת מוֹאָב — בִּשְׁנַת הָאַרְבָּעִים, נִמְצָא שֶׁכָּל שְׁמוֹנֶה וּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה לֹא נָסְעוּ אֶלָּא עֶשְׂרִים מַסָּעוֹת, זֶה מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה. וְרַבִּי תַנְחוּמָא דָרַשׁ בּוֹ דְּרָשָׁה אַחֶרֶת: מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה בְנוֹ חוֹלֶה וְהוֹלִיכוֹ לְמָקוֹם רָחוֹק לְרַפֹּאתוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיוּ חוֹזְרִין הִתְחִיל אָבִיו מוֹנֶה כָל הַמַּסָּעוֹת, אָמַר לוֹ, כָּאן יָשַׁנְנוּ, כָּאן הוֹקַרְנוּ, כָּאן חָשַׁשְׁתָּ אֶת רֹאשְׁךָ וְכוּ':
|
2Moses recorded their starting points of their journeys according to the word of God, and these were their journeys with their starting points. |
|
בוַיִּכְתֹּ֨ב משֶׁ֜ה אֶת־מוֹצָֽאֵיהֶ֛ם לְמַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וְאֵ֥לֶּה מַסְעֵיהֶ֖ם לְמוֹצָֽאֵיהֶֽם: |
3They journeyed from Rameses in the first month—on the 15th day of the first month; on the day following the Passover sacrifice, the Israelites left triumphantly in full view of all the Egyptians. |
|
גוַיִּסְע֤וּ מֵֽרַעְמְסֵס֙ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן בַּֽחֲמִשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֑וֹן מִמָּֽחֳרַ֣ת הַפֶּ֗סַח יָֽצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּיָ֣ד רָמָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־מִצְרָֽיִם: |
4The Egyptians were busy burying those whom God had struck down—their firstborn. God also destroyed their deities. |
|
דוּמִצְרַ֣יִם מְקַבְּרִ֗ים אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם כָּל־בְּכ֑וֹר וּבֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עָשָׂ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה שְׁפָטִֽים: |
וּמִצְרַיִם מְקַבְּרִים - The Egyptians were burying - i.e., preoccupied with their mourning. |
|
וּמִצְרַיִם מְקַבְּרִים.
טְרוּדִים בְּאֶבְלָם:
|
5The Israelites journeyed from Rameses and camped at Sukot. |
|
הוַיִּסְע֥וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵֽרַעְמְסֵ֑ס וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּסֻכֹּֽת: |
6They journeyed from Sukot and camped at Eitam, at the edge of the desert. |
|
ווַיִּסְע֖וּ מִסֻּכֹּ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֣וּ בְאֵתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּקְצֵ֥ה הַמִּדְבָּֽר: |
7They journeyed from Etam and returned to Pi HaChirot, which faces Ba’al Tzefon, and camped before Migdol. |
|
זוַיִּסְעוּ֙ מֵֽאֵתָ֔ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַֽחִירֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־פְּנֵ֖י בַּ֣עַל צְפ֑וֹן וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י מִגְדֹּֽל: |
8They journeyed from Penei HaChirot and crossed in the midst of the sea to the desert. They walked for three days in the desert of Etam and camped at Marah. |
|
חוַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַֽחִירֹ֔ת וַיַּֽעַבְר֥וּ בְתֽוֹךְ־הַיָּ֖ם הַמִּדְבָּ֑רָה וַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ שְׁל֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ בְּמִדְבַּ֣ר אֵתָ֔ם וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמָרָֽה: |
9They journeyed from Marah and arrived at Eilim, and at Eilim there were 12 springs of water and 70 palm trees, and they camped there. |
|
טוַיִּסְעוּ֙ מִמָּרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֵילִ֑מָה וּ֠בְאֵילִ֠ם שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה עֵינֹ֥ת מַ֛יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים תְּמָרִ֖ים וַיַּחֲנוּ־שָֽׁם: |
10They journeyed from Eilim and camped by the Sea of Reeds. |
|
יוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽאֵילִ֑ם וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ עַל־יַם־סֽוּף: |
11They journeyed from the Sea of Reeds and camped in the Sin desert. |
|
יאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִיַּם־ס֑וּף וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּר־סִֽין: |
12They journeyed from the Sin desert and camped at Dofkah. |
|
יבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּדְבַּר־סִ֑ין וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּדָפְקָֽה: |
13They journeyed from Dofkah and camped at Alush. |
|
יגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִדָּפְקָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּאָלֽוּשׁ: |
14They journeyed from Alush and camped at Refidim, but there was no water there for the people to drink. |
|
ידוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵאָל֑וּשׁ וַיַּֽחֲנוּ֙ בִּרְפִידִ֔ם וְלֹא־הָ֨יָה שָׁ֥ם מַ֛יִם לָעָ֖ם לִשְׁתּֽוֹת: |
15They journeyed from Refidim and camped in the Sinai desert. |
|
טווַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽרְפִידִ֑ם וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי: |
16They journeyed from the Sinai desert and camped at Kivrot HaTa’avah. |
|
טזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּדְבַּ֣ר סִינָ֑י וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּקִבְרֹ֥ת הַתַּֽאֲוָֽה: |
17They journeyed from Kivrot HaTa’avah and camped at Chatzerot. |
|
יזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקִּבְרֹ֣ת הַתַּֽאֲוָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בַּֽחֲצֵרֹֽת: |
18They journeyed from Chatzerot and camped at Ritmah. |
|
יחוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחֲצֵרֹ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִתְמָֽה: |
וַיַּֽחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָֽה - And camped at Ritmah. It was so named because of the spies’ slander, as it says: “What can a deceitful tongue give to you or benefit you? Only sharpened arrows of the mighty together with coals of broom (רְתָמִים).” |
|
וַיַּֽחֲנוּ בְּרִתְמָֽה.
עַל שֵׁם לָשׁוֹן הָרָע שֶׁל מְרַגְּלִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מַה יִּתֵּן לְךָ וּמַה יֹּסִיף לָךְ לָשׁוֹן רְמִיָּה חִצֵּי גִבּוֹר שְׁנוּנִים עִם גַּחֲלֵי רְתָמִים" (תהלים ק"כ):
|
19They journeyed from Ritmah and camped at Rimon Peretz. |
|
יטוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽרִתְמָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִמֹּ֥ן פָּֽרֶץ: |
20They journeyed from Rimon Peretz and camped at Livnah. |
|
כוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵרִמֹּ֣ן פָּ֑רֶץ וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּלִבְנָֽה: |
21They journeyed from Livnah and camped at Risah. |
|
כאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִלִּבְנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּרִסָּֽה: |
22They journeyed from Risah and camped at Kehelatah. |
|
כבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽרִסָּ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בִּקְהֵלָֽתָה: |
23They journeyed from Kehelatah and camped at Mount Shefer. |
|
כגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקְּהֵלָ֑תָה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּהַר־שָֽׁפֶר: |
24They journeyed from Mount Shefer and camped at Charadah. |
|
כדוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽהַר־שָׁ֑פֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בַּֽחֲרָדָֽה: |
25They journeyed from Charadah and camped at Makhelot. |
|
כהוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחֲרָדָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמַקְהֵלֹֽת: |
26They journeyed from Makhelot and camped at Tachat. |
|
כווַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמַּקְהֵלֹ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּתָֽחַת: |
27They journeyed from Tachat and camped at Terach. |
|
כזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִתָּ֑חַת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּתָֽרַח: |
28They journeyed from Terach and camped at Mitkah. |
|
כחוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִתָּ֑רַח וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמִתְקָֽה: |
29They journeyed from Mitkah and camped at Chashmonah. |
|
כטוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמִּתְקָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּחַשְׁמֹנָֽה: |
30They journeyed from Chashmonah and camped at Moserot. |
|
לוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽחַשְׁמֹנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּמֹֽסֵרֽוֹת: |
31They journeyed from Moserot and camped at Benei Ya’akan. |
|
לאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִמֹּֽסֵר֑וֹת וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בִּבְנֵ֥י יַֽעֲקָֽן: |
32They journeyed from Benei Ya’akan and camped at Chor HaGidgad. |
|
לבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִבְּנֵ֣י יַֽעֲקָ֑ן וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּחֹ֥ר הַגִּדְגָּֽד: |
33They journeyed from Chor HaGidgad and camped at Yotvatah. |
|
לגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵחֹ֣ר הַגִּדְגָּ֑ד וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּיָטְבָֽתָה: |
34They journeyed from Yotvatah and camped at Avronah. |
|
לדוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִיָּטְבָ֑תָה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּעַבְרֹנָֽה: |
35They journeyed from Avronah and camped at Etzyon Gever. |
|
להוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעַבְרֹנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּעֶצְיֹ֥ן גָּֽבֶר: |
36They journeyed from Etzyon Gever and camped in the desert of Tzin, at Kadesh. |
|
לווַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעֶצְיֹ֣ן גָּ֑בֶר וַיַּֽחֲנ֥וּ בְּמִדְבַּר־צִ֖ן הִ֥וא קָדֵֽשׁ: |
37They journeyed from Kadesh and camped at Mount Hor, at the edge of Edom. |
|
לזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִקָּדֵ֑שׁ וַיַּֽחֲנוּ֙ בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר בִּקְצֵ֖ה אֶ֥רֶץ אֱדֽוֹם: |
38Aaron the priest ascended Mount Hor at God’s bidding and died there, on the first day of the fifth month in the 40th year of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt. |
|
לחוַיַּ֩עַל֩ אַֽהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶל־הֹ֥ר הָהָ֛ר עַל־פִּ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁ֑ם בִּשְׁנַ֣ת הָֽאַרְבָּעִ֗ים לְצֵ֤את בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֖י בְּאֶחָ֥ד לַחֹֽדֶשׁ: |
עַל־פִּי ה' - (lit.) By God’s mouth. This teaches us that he died by a Divine kiss. |
|
עַל־פִּי ה'.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמֵּת בִּנְשִׁיקָה:
|
39Aaron was 123 years old when he died at Mount Hor. |
|
לטוְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁל֧שׁ וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים וּמְאַ֖ת שָׁנָ֑ה בְּמֹת֖וֹ בְּהֹ֥ר הָהָֽר: |
40The Canaanite king of Arad, who dwelt in the south of Canaan, heard when the Israelites came. |
|
מוַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע הַכְּנַֽעֲנִי֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲרָ֔ד וְהֽוּא־ישֵׁ֥ב בַּנֶּ֖גֶב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן בְּבֹ֖א בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
וַיִּשְׁמַע הַכְּנַֽעֲנִי - The Canaanite…heard. Here it teaches you how severe the death of Aaron was, that hearing of it, along with the Clouds of Glory having been removed, caused the Canaanites to imagine that permission was now given to attack Israel. Scripture therefore writes this again. |
|
וַיִּשְׁמַע הַכְּנַֽעֲנִי.
לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁמִּיתַת אַהֲרֹן הִיא הַשְּׁמוּעָה, שֶׁנִּסְתַּלְּקוּ עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד וּכְסָבוּר שֶׁנִּתְּנָה רְשׁוּת לְהִלָּחֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ חָזַר וּכְתָבָהּ (ראש השנה ג'):
|
41They journeyed from Mount Hor and camped at Tzalmonah. |
|
מאוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵהֹ֣ר הָהָ֑ר וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּצַלְמֹנָֽה: |
42They journeyed from Tzalmonah and camped at Punon. |
|
מבוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִצַּלְמֹנָ֑ה וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּפוּנֹֽן: |
43They journeyed from Punon and camped at Ovot. |
|
מגוַיִּסְע֖וּ מִפּוּנֹ֑ן וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּאֹבֹֽת: |
44They journeyed from Ovot and camped by The Ruins of the Passes, on the Moabite border. |
|
מדוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽאֹבֹ֑ת וַיַּֽחֲנ֛וּ בְּעִיֵּ֥י הָֽעֲבָרִ֖ים בִּגְב֥וּל מוֹאָֽב: |
בְּעִיֵּי הָֽעֲבָרִים - by the Ruins of the Passes. עִי is a term denoting ruins and heaps of stone, as in: לְעִי הַשָּׂדֶה “into a ruin of the field,” and “they turned Jerusalem into ruins (לְעִיִּים).” |
|
בְּעִיֵּי הָֽעֲבָרִים.
לְשׁוֹן חֳרָבוֹת וְגַלִּים כְּמוֹ "לְעִי הַשָּׂדֶה" (מיכה א'), "שָׂמוּ אֶת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם לְעִיִּים" (תהלים ע"ט):
|
45They journeyed from The Ruins of the Passes and camped at Divon Gad. |
|
מהוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעִיִּ֑ים וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּדִיבֹ֥ן גָּֽד: |
46They journeyed from Divon Gad and camped at Almon Divlataimah. |
|
מווַיִּסְע֖וּ מִדִּיבֹ֣ן גָּ֑ד וַיַּֽחֲנ֖וּ בְּעַלְמֹ֥ן דִּבְלָתָֽיְמָה: |
47They journeyed from Almon Divlataimah and camped at The Mountains of the Passes, in front of Nebo. |
|
מזוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽעַלְמֹ֣ן דִּבְלָתָ֑יְמָה וַיַּֽחֲנ֛וּ בְּהָרֵ֥י הָֽעֲבָרִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֥י נְבֽוֹ: |
48They journeyed from The Mountains of the Passes and camped in the plains of Moab by the Jordan River, opposite Jericho. |
|
מחוַיִּסְע֖וּ מֵֽהָרֵ֣י הָֽעֲבָרִ֑ים וַיַּֽחֲנוּ֙ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ: |
49They camped along the Jordan River from Beit Yeshimot to Avel, the plain of Shitim, in the plains of Moab. |
|
מטוַיַּֽחֲנ֤וּ עַל־הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִבֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁמֹ֔ת עַ֖ד אָבֵ֣ל הַשִּׁטִּ֑ים בְּעַרְבֹ֖ת מוֹאָֽב: |
מִבֵּית הַיְשִׁמֹת עַד אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים - From Beit Yeshimot to Avel, the plain of Shitim. Here it teaches you that the area of the Israelite camp was 12 mil, for Rabbah bar bar Chanah said: “I saw that place….” |
|
מִבֵּית הַיְשִׁמֹת עַד אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים.
כָּאן לִמֶּדְךָ שִׁעוּר מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל י"ב מִיל, דִּאָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה לְדִידִי חָזֵי לִי הַהוּא אַתְרָא וְכוּ' (עירובין נ"ה):
|
אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים - The plain of Shitim is called Avel. |
|
אָבֵל הַשִּׁטִּים.
מִישׁוֹר שֶׁל שִׁטִּים אָבֵל שְׁמוֹ:
|