12You must celebrate the 15th day of the seventh month as a holy occasion; you must not perform any mundane work, and you must celebrate a festival to God for seven days. |
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יבוּבַֽחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ וְחַגֹּתֶ֥ם חַ֛ג לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים: |
13You must offer up an ascent-offering as a fire-offering pleasing to God: 13 young bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs; they must all be unblemished. |
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יגוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁלשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִ֥ם יִֽהְיֽוּ: |
14Their grain-offering: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ephah for each bull, for the 13 bulls; two-tenths of an ephah for each ram, for the two rams; |
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ידוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֗ד לִשְׁלשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ פָּרִ֔ים שְׁנֵ֤י עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לָאַ֣יִל הָֽאֶחָ֔ד לִשְׁנֵ֖י הָֽאֵילִֽם: |
15and one-tenth of an ephah for each lamb, for the 14 lambs. |
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טווְעִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד לְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר כְּבָשִֽׂים: |
16One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation. |
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טזוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ: |
17On the second day: 12 young bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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יזוּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֗י פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם: |
18Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed. |
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יחוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַפָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים - Their grain-offerings and libations for the bulls. The bulls of the Sukot festival are 70 in total, alluding to the 70 nations. They gradually decrease in number each day, signifying their ultimate annihilation, but their purpose was positive: during the time of the Holy Temple, they protected them from suffering throughout the year. |
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וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים.
פָּרֵי הֶחָג שִׁבְעִים הֵם כְּנֶגֶד שִׁבְעִים אֻמּוֹת, וּמִתְמַעֲטִים וְהוֹלְכִים, סִימָן כְּלָיָה הִיא לָהֶם, וּבִימֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָיוּ מְגִנִּים עֲלֵיהֶם מִן הַיִּסּוּרִין (סוכה נ"ה):
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וְלַכְּבָשִׂים - And lambs - alluding to Israel, who are called “a dispersed lamb.” They are a fixed number each day, symbolizing that Israel will endure forever, and their total number is 98, serving to remove from them the 98 curses stated in Deuteronomy. On the second day, the plural וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם is used, unlike the other days, referring to the two continual offerings of the day, but the wording is different only in order that it be expounded, as our rabbis, of blessed memory, said: On the second day it says וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, on the sixth day it says וּנְסָכֶיהָ, and on the seventh day it says כְּמִשְׁפָּטָם – the added letters being מ׳ י׳ מ׳ – forming the word מַיִם “water,” the Torah thus alluding here to the water libation poured on the Altar on the Sukot festival. |
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וְלַכְּבָשִׂים.
כְּנֶגֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּקְרְאוּ "שֶׂה פְזוּרָה" (ירמיהו נ'), וְהֵם קְבוּעִים, וּמִנְיָנָם תִּשְׁעִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה, לְכַלּוֹת מֵהֶם תִּשְׁעִים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה קְלָלוֹת שֶׁבְּמִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה; בַּשֵּׁנִי נֶאֱמַר וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם עַל שְׁנֵי תְמִידֵי הַיּוֹם, וְלֹא שִׁנָּה הַלָּשׁוֹן אֶלָּא לִדְרֹשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִ"לִ (ספרי; שבת ק"נ) בַּשֵּׁנִי וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, בַּשִּׁשִּׁי וּנְסָכֶיהָ, בַּשְּׁבִיעִי כְּמִשְׁפָּטָם, מֵ"ם יוֹ"ד מֵ"ם הֲרֵי כָאן מַיִם, רֶמֶז לְנִסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם מִן הַתּוֹרָה בֶּחָג:
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19One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and their libations. |
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יטוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם: |
20On the third day: 11 bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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כוּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם: |
21Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed. |
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כאוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
22One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation. |
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כבוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ: |
23On the fourth day: 10 bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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כגוּבַיּ֧וֹם הָֽרְבִיעִ֛י פָּרִ֥ים עֲשָׂרָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם: |
24Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed. |
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כדמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
25One young he-goat for a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation. |
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כהוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ: |
26On the fifth day: nine bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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כווּבַיּ֧וֹם הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים תִּשְׁעָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם: |
27Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed. |
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כזוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
28One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation. |
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כחוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ: |
29On the sixth day: eight bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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כטוּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים שְׁמֹנָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם: |
30Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed. |
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לוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
31One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libations. |
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לאוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וּנְסָכֶֽיהָ: |
32On the seventh day: seven bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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לבוּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֛י פָּרִ֥ים שִׁבְעָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם: |
33Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed for them. |
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לגוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָֽם: |
34One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation. |
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לדוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ: |
35The eighth day must be a time of restriction for you; you must not perform any mundane work. |
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להבַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י עֲצֶ֖רֶת תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ: |
עֲצֶרֶת תִּֽהְיֶה לָכֶם - Must be a time of restriction for you - i.e., you are restricted in doing work. Another explanation: עֲצֶרֶת indicates: “refrain” (עִצְרוּ) from leaving Jerusalem, which teaches us that one is required to spend the night there. And the aggadic interpretation of this restriction is: Because they had brought sacrifices for the benefit of the 70 nations during all previous days of the festival, when they came to leave, the Omnipresent said to them: “I beg of you, make a small meal for Me so that I can enjoy your company,” which is demonstrated by the offering of this day: |
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עֲצֶרֶת תִּֽהְיֶה לָכֶם.
עֲצוּרִים בַּעֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה; דָּבָר אַחֵר, עצרת — עִצְרוּ מִלָּצֵאת, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטָּעוּן לִינָה; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ בַאַגָּדָה לְפִי שֶׁכָּל יְמוֹת הָרֶגֶל הִקְרִיבוּ כְנֶגֶד שִׁבְעִים אֻמּוֹת, וּבָאִין לָלֶכֶת, אָמַר לָהֶם הַמָּקוֹם בְּבַקָּשָׁה מִכֶּם עֲשׂוּ לִי סְעוּדָה קְטַנָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁאֵהָנֶה מִכֶּם (סוכה נ"ה):
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36You must offer up an ascent-offering as a fire-offering pleasing to God: one bull, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs, all unblemished. |
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לווְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פַּ֥ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם: |
פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד - One bull, one ram. These all allude to Israel, highlighting its uniqueness, as if saying: Remain with Me a little more. This is an expression of endearment, like children who take leave of their father and he tells them: “Your departure is difficult for me; stay for one more day.” It is comparable to a king who made a banquet… as stated in Tractate Sukah. And in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma it says: The Torah here teaches proper conduct, that one who has a guest should feed him fattened poultry on the first day; on the next day, he should feed him fish; on the next day, he should feed him animal flesh; on the next day, he should feed him legumes; on the next day, he should feed him vegetables – gradually decreasing the expense of the meals like the bulls of the Sukot festival. |
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פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד.
אֵלּוּ כְנֶגֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל, הִתְעַכְּבוּ לִי מְעַט עוֹד, וּלְשׁוֹן חִבָּה הוּא זֶה, כְּבָנִים הַנִּפְטָרִים מֵאֲבִיהֶם וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לָהֶם קָשָׁה עָלַי פְּרֵדַתְכֶם, עַכְּבוּ עוֹד יוֹם אֶחָד, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה סְעוּדָה כוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְמַסֶּכֶת סֻכָּה (שם); וּבְמִדְרַשׁ רַבִּי תַנְחוּמָא: לִמְּדָה תוֹרָה דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ שֶׁמִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אַכְסְנַאי יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן יַאֲכִילֶנּוּ פְּטוּמוֹת, לְמָחָר יַאֲכִילֶנּוּ דָּגִים, לְמָחָר בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, לְמָחָר מַאֲכִילוֹ קִטְנִית, לְמָחָר מַאֲכִילוֹ יָרָק, פּוֹחֵת וְהוֹלֵךְ כְּפָרֵי הֶחָג:
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37Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bull, ram, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed. |
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לזמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם לַפָּ֨ר לָאַ֧יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט: |
38One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation. |
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לחוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ: |
39You must offer these up for God on your festivals, besides your sacrificial vows and your sacrificial donations—for your ascent-offerings, grain-offerings, libations, and peace-offerings.’” |
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לטאֵ֛לֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶ֑ם לְבַ֨ד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְנִדְבֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לְעֹלֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ וּלְמִנְחֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּלְנִסְכֵּיכֶ֖ם וּלְשַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם: |
אֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לה' בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶם - You must offer these up for God on your festivals - as a determined obligation – |
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אֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לה' בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶם.
דָּבָר הַקָּצוּב לְחוֹבָה:
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לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם - Besides your [sacrificial] vows - i.e., if you wish to pledge offerings on the festival, this fulfills a voluntary commandment; or in the case of sacrificial vows or donations that you have vowed any time during the year, offer them on the festival. This is necessary in case it will be difficult for him to ascend to Jerusalem again and to offer his vows, and as a result he will transgress the command: “you must not delay in fulfilling it.” |
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לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם.
אִם בָּאתֶם לִדּוֹר קָרְבָּנוֹת בָּרֶגֶל, מִצְוָה הִיא בְּיֶדְכֶם, אוֹ נְדָרִים אוֹ נְדָבוֹת שֶׁנְּדַרְתֶּם כָּל הַשָּׁנָה, הַקְרִיבוּם בָּרֶגֶל, שֶׁמָּא יִקְשֶׁה לוֹ לַחֲזֹר וְלַעֲלוֹת לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּלְהַקְרִיב נְדָרָיו וְנִמְצָא עוֹבֵר בְּבַל תְּאַחֵר:
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