26God spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying, |
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כווַיְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה וְאֶל־אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר: |
27“How much longer must I tolerate this evil community, who are causing others to complain against Me? I have heard the Israelites’ complaints that the spies make them voice against Me. |
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כזעַד־מָתַ֗י לָֽעֵדָ֤ה הָֽרָעָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥מָּה מַלִּינִ֖ים עָלָ֑י אֶת־תְּלֻנּ֞וֹת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵ֧מָּה מַלִּינִ֛ים עָלַ֖י שָׁמָֽעְתִּי: |
לָֽעֵדָה הָֽרָעָה וגו' - This evil community… This refers to the 10 mistaken spies. From here we derive that a “community” is defined as a minimum of 10 men. |
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לָֽעֵדָה הָֽרָעָה וגו'.
אֵלּוּ הַמְרַגְּלִים, מִכָּאן לָעֵדָה שֶׁהִיא עֲשָׂרָה (מגילה כ"ג):
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אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה מַלִּינִים - Who are causing [others] to complain – i.e., the Israelites – against Me |
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אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה מַלִּינִים.
אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל עָלַי:
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אֶת־תְּלֻנּוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה - (lit.) The Israelites’ complaints that they - i.e., the spies – cause them to complain against Me, I have heard. |
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אֶת־תְּלֻנּוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הֵמָּה.
הַמְרַגְּלִים מלינים אוֹתָם עלי, שמעתי:
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28Say to them: ‘I swear that as surely as I live,’ says God, ‘I will do to you just as you have spoken in My ears. |
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כחאֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם חַי־אָ֨נִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֕א כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּרְתֶּ֖ם בְּאָזְנָ֑י כֵּ֖ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם: |
חַי־אָנִי - As surely as I live. This denotes an oath: If I do not do so, it will be as if I do not live. |
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חַי־אָנִי.
לְשׁוֹן שְׁבוּעָה, אִם לֹא כֵן אֶעֱשֶׂה — כִּבְיָכוֹל אֵינִי חַי:
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כַּֽאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם - Just as you have spoken - that you wished of Me: “or if only we had died in this desert.” |
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כַּֽאֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתֶּם.
שֶׁבִּקַּשְׁתֶּם מִמֶּנִּי "אוֹ בַּמִּדְבָּר הַזֶּה לוּ מָתְנוּ" (פסוק ב'):
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29Your corpses will fall in this desert—all of you who are counted in any tally of those 20 years old and over—because you complained against Me. |
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כטבַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַ֠זֶּ֠ה יִפְּל֨וּ פִגְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְכָל־פְּקֻֽדֵיכֶם֙ לְכָל־מִסְפַּרְכֶ֔ם מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲלִֽינֹתֶ֖ם עָלָֽי: |
וְכָל־פְּקֻֽדֵיכֶם לְכָל־מִסְפַּרְכֶם - All of you who are counted in any tally - i.e., all who are counted in any tally where you are counted – such as for enrolling in army service or for the contribution of shekels – all those counted in all these tallies will die, and they are “of those 20 years old and over,” thus excluding the tribe of Levi, who are not counted from the age of 20. |
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וְכָל־פְּקֻֽדֵיכֶם לְכָל־מִסְפַּרְכֶם.
כָּל הַנִּמְנֶה לְכָל מִסְפָּר שֶׁאַתֶּם נִמְנִים בּוֹ, כְּגוֹן לָצֵאת וְלָבֹא לַצָּבָא וְלָתֵת שְׁקָלִים, כָּל הַמְּנוּיִים לְכָל אוֹתָן מִסְפָּרוֹת יָמוּתוּ, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן מבן עשרים שנה וגו'; לְהוֹצִיא שִׁבְטוֹ שֶׁל לֵוִי שֶׁאֵין פְּקוּדֵיהֶם מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים:
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30I further swear that you will not enter the land that I swore I would settle you in, except for Caleb son of Yefuneh and Joshua son of Nun. |
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לאִם־אַתֶּם֙ תָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּ֑הּ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן: |
31As for your infants, whom you said will be taken captive as spoils, I will bring them there, and they will come to know the land that you despised. |
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לאוְטַ֨פְּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לָבַ֣ז יִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְהֵֽבֵיאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְאַסְתֶּ֖ם בָּֽהּ: |
32But as for you, your corpses will fall in this desert. |
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לבוּפִגְרֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֑ם יִפְּל֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּֽה: |
וּפִגְרֵיכֶם אַתֶּם - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: וּפִגְרֵיכוֹן דִּילְכוֹן “but your own corpses.” Since he had just spoken about bringing the children into the land, and he wished to say now that you, in contrast, will die, the word אַתֶּם is appropriate to be used in this case. |
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וּפִגְרֵיכֶם אַתֶּם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, לְפִי שֶׁדִּבֵּר עַל הַבָּנִים לְהַכְנִיסָם לָאָרֶץ וּבִקֵּשׁ לוֹמַר וְאַתֶּם תָּמוּתוּ, נוֹפֵל לָשׁוֹן זֶה כָּאן לוֹמַר "אתם":
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33Your children will wander in the desert for 40 years, and will bear your guilt until the last of your corpses has fallen in the desert. |
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לגוּבְנֵיכֶ֠ם יִֽהְי֨וּ רֹעִ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְנָֽשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־זְנֽוּתֵיכֶ֑ם עַד־תֹּ֥ם פִּגְרֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר: |
אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה - For 40 years. None of them died below the age of 60. For this reason, specifically 40 years were decreed, so that those who were 20 years old at that time would reach the age of 60. The first year after leaving Egypt was included in this reckoning, although it preceded the sending of the spies, because this decree was conceived already from when they had made the Golden Calf, but God waited for them, postponing the decree until their measure of sin accumulated. This, then, is what it says: “on the day of My reckoning” – with the spies – “I will bring them to account for their sin of the Golden Calf.” Here, too, it says: “you will bear your iniquities” and not “your iniquity,” the two iniquities being that of the Golden Calf and that here of the complaint. He reckoned in the count of their lifetime a part of a year as a full year, so that when they entered their 60th year, those who were 20 years old at the time of the decree died. |
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אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה.
לֹא מֵת אֶחָד מֵהֶם פָּחוּת מִבֶּן שִׁשִּׁים, לְכָךְ נִגְזַר אַרְבָּעִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אוֹתָם שֶׁל בְּנֵי עֶשְׂרִים מַגִּיעִין לִכְלַל שִׁשִּׁים; שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה הָיְתָה בִכְלָל, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁקָּדְמָה לְשִׁלּוּחַ הַמְרַגְּלִים, לְפִי שֶׁמִּשֶּׁעָשׂוּ אֶת הָעֶגֶל עָלְתָה גְזֵרָה זוֹ בְמַחֲשָׁבָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהִמְתִּין לָהֶם עַד שֶׁתִּתְמַלֵּא סְאָתָם, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבְיוֹם פָּקְדִי" — בַּמְרַגְּלִים — "וּפָקַדְתִּי עֲלֵיהֶם חַטָּאתָם" (שמות ל"ב); וְאַף כָּאן נֶאֱמַר "תִּשְׂאוּ אֶת עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם" — שְׁתֵּי עֲוֹנוֹת, שֶׁל עֵגֶל וְשֶׁל תְּלוּנָה, וְחָשַׁב לָהֶם בְּמִנְיַן חַיֵּיהֶם מִקְצָת שָׁנָה כְּכֻלָּהּ, וּכְשֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לִשְׁנַת שִׁשִּׁים מֵתוּ אוֹתָם שֶׁל בְּנֵי עֶשְׂרִים:
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וְנָֽשְׂאוּ אֶת־זְנֽוּתֵיכֶם - And will bear your (lit.) straying. Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: וִיקַבְּלוּן יַת חוֹבֵיכוֹן “and will bear your guilt.” |
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וְנָֽשְׂאוּ אֶת־זְנֽוּתֵיכֶם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וִיקַבְּלוּן יָת חוֹבֵיכוֹן":
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34Your punishment will be according to the number of days that you scouted out the land, 40 days, a day for each year; you will bear your iniquities for 40 years. Thus you will come to know the extent of your alienation from Me.’ |
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לדבְּמִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֘רֶץ֘ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יוֹם֒ י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֞ה י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֗ה תִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֹנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־תְּנֽוּאָתִֽי: |
אֶת־תְּנֽוּאָתִֽי - (lit.) My alienation - means that you have removed your heart from following Me. The term תְּנוּאָה denotes removal, as stated regarding the annulment of vows: “because her father hindered (הֵנִיא) her.” |
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אֶת־תְּנֽוּאָתִֽי.
שֶׁהֲנִיאוֹתֶם אֶת לְבַבְכֶם מֵאַחֲרַי, תנואה לְשׁוֹן הֲסָרָה, כְּמוֹ "כִּי הֵנִיא אָבִיהָ אֹתָהּ" (במדבר ל):
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35I, God, have spoken: I am nothing if I will not do this to the entire evil community who have convened against Me; their end will be in this desert, and they will die there.” |
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להאֲנִ֣י יְהֹוָה֘ דִּבַּ֒רְתִּי֒ אִם־לֹ֣א | זֹ֣את אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֗ה לְכָל־הָֽעֵדָ֤ה הָֽרָעָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את הַנּֽוֹעָדִ֖ים עָלָ֑י בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה יִתַּ֖מּוּ וְשָׁ֥ם יָמֻֽתוּ: |
36As for the men whom Moses had sent to inspect the land—who, when they returned from their mission, caused the entire community to complain against him by spreading their report about the land— |
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לווְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח משֶׁ֖ה לָת֣וּר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּשֻׁ֗בוּ וַיַּלִּ֤ינוּ (כתיב וילונו) עָלָיו֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה לְהוֹצִ֥יא דִבָּ֖ה עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ: |
וַיָּשֻׁבוּ וילינו עָלָיו - When they returned, caused [the entire community] to complain against him - means: and when they returned from inspecting the land, they caused the entire community to complain against him by spreading their report – those men died. The term הוֹצָאַת דִּבָּה denotes initiation of words, that people accustom their speech to speak of a particular person, as in: “arousing speech (דּוֹבֵב) in the lips of sleeping ones.” The term may be used for good or for bad, and therefore it says here in the next verse: מוֹצִאֵי דִּבַּת הָאָרֶץ רָעָה “who spread an evil report about the land,” for there is also דִּבָּה that is good. |
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וַיָּשֻׁבוּ וילינו עָלָיו.
וּכְשֶׁשָּׁבוּ מִתּוּר הָאָרֶץ הִרְעִימוּ עָלָיו אֶת כָּל הָעֵדָה בְּהוֹצָאַת דִּבָּה, אוֹתָם אֲנָשִׁים וימתו; כָּל הוֹצָאַת דִּבָּה לְשׁוֹן חִנּוּךְ דְּבָרִים, שֶׁמַּלְקִיחִים לְשׁוֹנָם לְאָדָם לְדַבֵּר בּוֹ, כְּמוֹ "דּוֹבֵב שִׂפְתֵי יְשֵׁנִים" (שיר השירים ז'), וְיֶשְׁנָהּ לְטוֹבָה וְיֶשְׁנָהּ לְרָעָה, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר כָּאן מוצאי דבת הארץ רעה, שֶׁיֵּשׁ דִּבָּה שֶׁהִיא טוֹבָה:
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דִבָּה - “parlediz” in Old French (“utterance”). |
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דִבָּה.
פרליר"ש בְּלַעַז:
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37these men, who spread an evil report about the land, died in a plague before God. |
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לזוַיָּמֻ֨תוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים מֽוֹצִאֵ֥י דִבַּת־הָאָ֖רֶץ רָעָ֑ה בַּמַּגֵּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה: |
בַּמַּגֵּפָה לִפְנֵי ה' - In a plague before God - i.e., by the means of death suited to them, measure for measure: They sinned with their tongue, so their tongues unrolled down to their navels, and worms came out of their tongues and entered their navels. It therefore says here בַּמַּגֵּפָה (lit.) “in the plague” and not בְּמַגֵּפָה “in a plague,” and that is what is meant by “before God” – i.e., by that death suited to them by the attributes of the Holy One, blessed be He, who apportions punishment measure for measure. |
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בַּמַּגֵּפָה לִפְנֵי ה'.
בְּאוֹתָהּ מִיתָה הַהֲגוּנָה לָהֶם, מִדָּה כְּנֶגֶד מִדָּה, הֵם חָטְאוּ בַּלָּשׁוֹן, וְנִשְׁתַּרְבֵּב לְשׁוֹנָם עַד טַבּוּרָם וְתוֹלָעִים יוֹצְאִים מִלְּשׁוֹנָם וּבָאִין לְתוֹךְ טַבּוּרָם, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר "בַּמַּגֵּפָה" וְלֹא "בְמַגֵּפָה", וְזֶהוּ לפני ה' — בְּאוֹתָהּ הָרְאוּיָה לָהֶם עַל פִּי מִדּוֹתָיו שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁהוּא מוֹדֵד מִדָּה כְּנֶגֶד מִדָּה (סוטה ל"ה):
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38Of the men who went to scout out the land, only Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Yefuneh remained alive. |
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לחוִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן וְכָלֵ֖ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֑ה חָיוּ֙ מִן־הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם הַהֹֽלְכִ֖ים לָת֥וּר אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ: |
וִֽיהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב … חָיוּ וגו' - Joshua…and Caleb…remained alive…. Why does Scripture need to state חָיוּ מִן הָאֲנָשִׁים הָהֵם “remained alive (lit.) from the men”? It is only in order to teach us that they received the land-inheritance rights of the other spies, and thus stood in their stead among those entering the land alive. |
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וִֽיהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב … חָיוּ וגו'.
מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר חיו מן האנשים ההם? אֶלָּא מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנָּטְלוּ חֶלְקָם שֶׁל מְרַגְּלִים בָּאָרֶץ וְקָמוּ תַחְתֵּיהֶם לַחַיִּים (בבא בתרא קי"ח):
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39Moses related all these words to all the Israelites. The people mourned greatly. |
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לטוַיְדַבֵּ֤ר משֶׁה֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֶל־כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּתְאַבְּל֥וּ הָעָ֖ם מְאֹֽד: |
40They arose early in the morning and ascended to the mountaintop, saying, “We are ready to go up to the place that God said He would give us, for we have sinned.” |
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מוַיַּשְׁכִּ֣מוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּֽעֲל֥וּ אֶל־רֹֽאשׁ־הָהָ֖ר לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֶּ֗נּוּ וְעָלִ֛ינוּ אֶל־הַמָּק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־אָמַ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה כִּ֥י חָטָֽאנוּ: |
אֶל־רֹֽאשׁ־הָהָר - To the mountaintop - this was on the route leading into the Land of Israel. |
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אֶל־רֹֽאשׁ־הָהָר.
הוּא הַדֶּרֶךְ הָעוֹלֶה לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:
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הִנֶּנּוּ וְעָלִינוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם - We are ready to go up to the place - i.e., to the Land of Israel. |
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הִנֶּנּוּ וְעָלִינוּ אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם.
לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:
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אֲשֶׁר־אָמַר ה' - That God said - that He would give it to us – there we will go up. |
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אֲשֶׁר־אָמַר ה'.
לְתִתָּהּ לָנוּ, שָׁם נַעֲלֶה:
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כִּי חָטָֽאנוּ - For we have sinned - by that which we said: “Is it not better for us to return to Egypt?” |
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כִּי חָטָֽאנוּ.
עַל אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְנוּ הֲלוֹא טוֹב לָנוּ שׁוּב מִצְרָיְמָה:
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41Moses said, “Why do you transgress the word of God? It will not succeed. |
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מאוַיֹּ֣אמֶר משֶׁ֔ה לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אַתֶּ֥ם עֹֽבְרִ֖ים אֶת־פִּ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וְהִ֖וא לֹ֥א תִצְלָֽח: |
וְהִוא לֹא תִצְלָֽח - It will not succeed - i.e., that which you aim to do will not succeed. |
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וְהִוא לֹא תִצְלָֽח.
זוֹ שֶׁאַתֶּם עוֹשִׂים לֹא תִצְלָח:
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42Do not go up, for God is not among you; do not be beaten by your enemies. |
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מבאַל־תַּֽעֲל֔וּ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וְלֹא֙ תִּנָּ֣גְפ֔וּ לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם: |
43For the Amalekites and the Canaanites are there before you, and you will fall by the sword because you have turned away from God, and God will not be with you.” |
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מגכִּי֩ הָֽעֲמָֽלֵקִ֨י וְהַכְּנַֽעֲנִ֥י שָׁם֙ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וּנְפַלְתֶּ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֤ן שַׁבְתֶּם֙ מֵאַֽחֲרֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה עִמָּכֶֽם: |
כִּי עַל־כֵּן שַׁבְתֶּם - Because you have turned away - i.e., for (כִּי) this will befall you because (עַל כֵּן) you have turned away…. |
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כִּי עַל־כֵּן שַׁבְתֶּם.
כְּלוֹמַר, כִּי זֹאת תָּבֹא לָכֶם עַל אֲשֶׁר שַׁבְתֶּם וְגוֹ':
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44They defiantly ascended to the mountaintop, but neither the Ark of the Covenant of God nor Moses moved from the camp. |
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מדוַיַּעְפִּ֕לוּ לַֽעֲל֖וֹת אֶל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר וַֽאֲר֤וֹן בְּרִית־יְהֹוָה֙ וּמשֶׁ֔ה לֹא־מָ֖שׁוּ מִקֶּ֥רֶב הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
וַיַּעְפִּלוּ - They defiantly [ascended]. This is a term denoting force. Similarly, we find: הִנֵּה עֻפְּלָה “Behold, it is arrogant”; “engres” in Old French, a term denoting stubbornness. Similarly: עֹפֶל בַּת צִיּוֹן “the stronghold of the daughter of Zion” and עֹפֶל וָבַחַן “fort and tower.” But Midrash Tanchuma explains it in the sense of אֹפֶל “darkness,” i.e., they went in darkness, without permission. |
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וַיַּעְפִּלוּ.
לְשׁוֹן חֹזֶק, וְכֵן "הִנֵּה עֻפְּלָה" (חבקוק ב'), אינג"ריש בְּלַעַז, לְשׁוֹן עַזּוּת, וְכֵן "עֹפֶל בַּת צִיּוֹן" (מיכה ד'), "עֹפֶל וָבַחַן" (ישעיהו ל"ב), וּמִדְרַשׁ תַּנְחוּמָא מְפָרְשׁוֹ לְשׁוֹן אֹפֶל — הָלְכוּ חֲשֵׁכִים, שֶׁלֹא בִרְשׁוּת:
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45The Amalekites and the Canaanites, who were dwelling on the mountain, came down and smote them and crushed them, pursuing them until Chormah. |
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מהוַיֵּ֤רֶד הָֽעֲמָֽלֵקִי֙ וְהַכְּנַֽעֲנִ֔י הַיּשֵׁ֖ב בָּהָ֣ר הַה֑וּא וַיַּכּ֥וּם וַיַּכְּת֖וּם עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה: |
וַיַּכְּתוּם - And crushed them - as in: “I crushed (וָאֶכֹּת) it, grinding…,” in our context meaning: blow after blow. |
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וַיַּכְּתוּם.
כְּמוֹ "וָאֶכֹּת אֹתוֹ טָחוֹן" (דברים ט') — מַכָּה אַחַר מַכָּה:
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עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה - Until Chormah. This name means “destruction”; the place was now so named because of this event. |
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עַד־הַֽחָרְמָֽה.
שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם נִקְרָא עַל שֵׁם הַמְּאֹרָע:
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1God spoke to Moses, saying: |
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אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
2“Speak to the Israelites and say to them, ‘When you arrive in the land of your dwelling place that I am giving you, |
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בדַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י תָבֹ֗אוּ אֶל־אֶ֨רֶץ֙ מֽוֹשְׁבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶֽם: |
כִּי תָבֹאוּ - When you arrive. He reassured them that they would eventually enter the land. |
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כִּי תָבֹאוּ.
בִּשֵּׂר לָהֶם שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ:
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3and you make a fire-offering to God, an ascent-offering or a feast-offering—to fulfill the articulation of a sacrificial vow, as a sacrificial dedication, or on your festivals—to please God, whether from the herd or from the flock, |
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גוַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה לַֽיהֹוָה֙ עֹלָ֣ה אוֹ־זֶ֔בַח לְפַלֵּא־נֶ֨דֶר֙ א֣וֹ בִנְדָבָ֔ה א֖וֹ בְּמֹֽעֲדֵיכֶ֑ם לַֽעֲשׂ֞וֹת רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַיהֹוָ֔ה מִן־הַבָּקָ֖ר א֥וֹ מִן־הַצֹּֽאן: |
וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם אִשֶּׁה - And you make a fire-offering. This is not a command; rather, it means: whenever you wish, after your arrival there, to offer a fire-offering to God. |
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וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם אִשֶּׁה.
אֵין זֶה צִוּוּי, אֶלָּא כְּשֶׁתָּבֹאוּ שָׁם וְתַעֲלֶה עַל לְבַבְכֶם לַעֲשׂוֹת אִשֶּׁה לַה':
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לְפַלֵּא־נֶדֶר אוֹ־בִנְדָבָה וגו' - (lit.) A pleasing aroma - i.e., one that gives Me pleasure. |
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לְפַלֵּא־נֶדֶר אוֹ־בִנְדָבָה וגו'.
אוֹ שֶׁתַּעֲשׂוּ הָאִשֶּׁה בִּשְׁבִיל חוֹבַת מוֹעֲדֵיכֶם, שֶׁחִיַּבְתִּי אֶתְכֶם לַעֲשׂוֹת בַּמּוֹעֵד:
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רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ - To [fulfill] the articulation of a [sacrificial] vow, as a [sacrificial] dedication. - or you offer the fire-offering to fulfill your festival obligations that I commanded you to offer on the festival. |
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רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ.
נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנַי:
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4the one who brings his offering to God must present a grain-offering consisting of one tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil, |
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דוְהִקְרִ֛יב הַמַּקְרִ֥יב קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה מִנְחָה֙ סֹ֣לֶת עִשָּׂר֔וֹן בָּל֕וּל בִּרְבִעִ֥ית הַהִ֖ין שָֽׁמֶן: |
וְהִקְרִיב הַמַּקְרִיב - The one who brings [his offering]…must present. i.e., you must bring libations and a grain-offering for each animal. The grain-offering would be entirely burned with the oil mixed into it, and the wine would be poured into basins situated on the Altar, as we have learned in Tractate Sukah. |
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וְהִקְרִיב הַמַּקְרִיב.
תַּקְרִיבוּ נְסָכִים וּמִנְחָה לְכָל בְּהֵמָה; הַמִּנְחָה כָּלִיל וְהַשֶּׁמֶן נִבְלָל בְּתוֹכָהּ, וְהַיַּיִן לַסְּפָלִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ בְמַסֶּכֶת סֻכָּה (דף מ"ח):
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5and you must offer up a quarter of a hin of wine with the ascent-offering or the feast-offering as a libation, for each lamb. |
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הוְיַ֤יִן לַנֶּ֨סֶךְ֙ רְבִיעִ֣ית הַהִ֔ין תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה עַל־הָֽעֹלָ֖ה א֣וֹ לַזָּ֑בַח לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָֽד: |
לַכֶּבֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָֽד - For each lamb. This refers to everything stated above: the grain-offering, the oil, and the wine. |
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לַכֶּבֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָֽד.
עַל כָּל הָאָמוּר לְמַעְלָה הוּא מוּסָב — עַל הַמִּנְחָה וְעַל הַשֶּׁמֶן וְעַל הַיָּיִן:
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6Or, for a ram, you must offer up a grain-offering consisting of two tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a third of a hin of oil, |
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וא֤וֹ לָאַ֨יִל֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִנְחָ֔ה סֹ֖לֶת שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֑ים בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן שְׁלִשִׁ֥ית הַהִֽין: |
אוֹ לָאַיִל - Or for a ram - means: and if it is a ram. Our rabbis expounded the additional word אוֹ to include the law that a palgas (an animal in its thirteenth month, in an intermediary stage between a lamb and a ram) also requires the libation of a ram. |
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אוֹ לָאַיִל.
וְאִם אַיִל הוּא; וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָרְשׁוּ "אוֹ" — לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַפַּלְגָּס לְנִסְכֵּי אַיִל (מנחות צ"א):
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7and a third of a hin of wine as a libation; you must offer up these to please God. |
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זוְיַ֥יִן לַנֶּ֖סֶךְ שְׁלִשִׁ֣ית הַהִ֑ין תַּקְרִ֥יב רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |