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Learning & Values Parshah (Weekly Torah) Shemot - Exodus Pekudei Texts & Summaries

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Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 38

21These are the appointments over the Tabernacle—the Tabernacle being a testimony—assigned by Moses. The work of the Levites was to be under the direction of Itamar, son of Aaron the priest.		כאאֵ֣לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֤י הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן הָֽעֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר פֻּקַּ֖ד עַל־פִּ֣י משֶׁ֑ה עֲבֹדַת֙ הַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם בְּיַד֙ אִֽיתָמָ֔ר בֶּן־אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵֽן:
אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי - These are the appointments. In this section, the weights of all the contributions for the Tabernacle – of silver, of gold, and of copper – are listed, and all its furnishings are specified along with the service of each.		אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי. בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ נִמְנוּ כָל מִשְׁקְלֵי נִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, לַכֶּסֶף וְלַזָּהָב וְלַנְּחֹשֶׁת, וְנִמְנוּ כָל כֵּלָיו לְכָל עֲבוֹדָתוֹ:
הַמִּשְׁכָּן מִשְׁכַּן - The Tabernacle, the Tabernacle. The word מִּשְׁכָּן is written here twice as an allusion to the Holy Temple that was taken from us as a pledge (מַשְׁכּוֹן) the two times it was destroyed on account of the transgressions of Israel.		הַמִּשְׁכָּן מִשְׁכַּן. שְׁנֵי פְעָמִים, רֶמֶז לַמִּקְדָשׁ שֶׁנִּתְמַשְׁכֵּן בִּשְׁנֵי חֻרְבָּנִין עַל עֲוֹנוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל (תנחומא):
מִשְׁכַּן הָֽעֵדֻת - The Tabernacle being a testimony - i.e., it is testimony for Israel that the Holy One, blessed be He, had forgiven the people for the sin of the Golden Calf, for He agreed to let His presence dwell among them.		מִשְׁכַּן הָֽעֵדֻת. עֵדוּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁוִּתֵּר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל, שֶׁהֲרֵי הִשְׁרָה שְׁכִינָתוֹ בֵּינֵיהֶם:
עֲבֹדַת הַֽלְוִיִּם - The work of the Levites - i.e., the appointments of the Tabernacle and its furnishings constitute the work entrusted to the Levites in the desert – to transport, dismantle, and erect them, each man according to the burden that was assigned to him, as is stated in parashat Naso. 1		עֲבֹדַת הַֽלְוִיִּם. פְּקוּדֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְכֵלָיו הִיא עֲבוֹדָה הַמְּסוּרָה לַלְוִיִם בַּמִּדְבָּר – לָשֵׂאת וּלְהוֹרִיד וּלְהָקִים, אִישׁ אִישׁ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ הַמֻּפְקָד עָלָיו, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמוּר בְּפָ' נָשֹׂא:
בְּיַד אִֽיתָמָר - (lit.) In the hand of Itamar - i.e., he was in charge of them, to delegate to each family group (בֵּית אָב) the task that it had been assigned.		בְּיַד אִֽיתָמָר. הוּא הָיָה פָּקִיד עֲלֵיהֶם לִמְסֹר לְכָל בֵּית אָב עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁעָלָיו:
22Betzalel son of Uri son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah, had carried out all that God had commanded Moses.		כבוּבְצַלְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־אוּרִ֥י בֶן־ח֖וּר לְמַטֵּ֣ה יְהוּדָ֑ה עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וּבְצַלְאֵל בֶּן־אוּרִי וגו' עָשָׂה אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה' אֶת־משֶֽׁה - Betzalel son of Uri…had carried out all that God had commanded Moses. It does not say here: “that Moses had commanded him,” but: “all that God had commanded Moses” – i.e., even regarding things that his teacher had not said to him, his own reasoning conformed to what Moses had been told by God at Sinai. For Moses instructed Betzalel to first make the furnishings of the Tabernacle and then the Tabernacle itself, but Betzalel said to him, “Surely, the usual way is to make a house first and then place furnishings inside it.” Moses answered him, “So indeed I heard directly from the Holy One, blessed be He.” Moses then said to him, “You must have been ‘in the shadow of God’ (בְּצֵל אֵל), for that is indeed what the Holy One, blessed be He, commanded me.” And that is actually what Betzalel did: He made the Tabernacle first and then made the furnishings.		וּבְצַלְאֵל בֶּן־אוּרִי וגו' עָשָׂה אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה' אֶת־משֶֽׁה. אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה מֹשֶׁה אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן, אֶלָּא כָּל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה' אֶת מֹשֶׁה, אֲפִלּוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר לוֹ רַבּוֹ, הִסְכִּימָה דַּעְתּוֹ לְמַה שֶּׁנֶּאֱמַר לְמֹשֶׁה בְּסִינַי, כִּי מֹשֶׁה צִוָּה לִבְצַלְאֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּחִלָּה כֵּלִים וְאַחַר כָּךְ מִשְׁכָּן, אָמַר לוֹ בְּצַלְאֵל מִנְהַג עוֹלָם לַעֲשׂוֹת תְּחִלָּה בַּיִת וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵשִׂים כֵּלִים בְּתוֹכוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ כָּךְ שָׁמַעְתִּי מִפִּי הקב"ה. אָמַר לוֹ מֹשֶׁה בְּצֵל אֵל הָיִיתָ, כִּי בְּוַדַּאי כָּךְ צִוָּה לִי הקב"ה, וְכֵן עָשָׂה הַמִּשְׁכָּן תְּחִלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ עָשָׂה הַכֵּלִים:
23With him was Oholiav son of Achisamach, of the tribe of Dan, a craftsman and weaver, and an embroiderer in turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool, and in linen.		כגוְאִתּ֗וֹ אָֽהֳלִיאָ֞ב בֶּן־אֲחִֽיסָמָ֛ךְ לְמַטֵּה־דָ֖ן חָרָ֣שׁ וְחשֵׁ֑ב וְרֹקֵ֗ם בַּתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙ וּבָ֣אַרְגָּמָ֔ן וּבְתוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וּבַשֵּֽׁשׁ:
24All the gold that was used for the work, in all the holy work—that is, the gold of the wave-offering—came to 29 talents and 730 shekels, of the sacred shekels.		כדכָּל־הַזָּהָ֗ב הֶֽעָשׂוּי֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיְהִ֣י \| זְהַ֣ב הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה תֵּ֤שַׁע וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ כִּכָּ֔ר וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֧וֹת וּשְׁלשִׁ֛ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ:
כִּכָּר - Talents - a talent is 60 maneh, and the sacred maneh was double – thus a sacred talent is equal to 120 regular maneh, and the regular maneh is 25 sela’im (shekels). Thus, a sacred talent is equal to 3000 shekels. Therefore, the Torah enumerates individually all the shekels less than 3000, which do not add up to a talent.		כִּכָּר. שִׁשִּׁים מָנֶה, וּמָנֶה שֶׁל קֹדֶשׁ כָּפוּל הָיָה, הֲרֵי הַכִּכָּר ק"כ מָנֶה, וְהַמָּנֶה כ"ה סְלָעִים, הֲרֵי כִּכָּר שֶׁל קֹדֶשׁ שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים שְׁקָלִים, לְפִיכָךְ מָנָה בִּפְרוֹטְרוֹט כָּל הַשְּׁקָלִים שֶׁפְּחוּתִין בְּמִנְיָנָם מִג' אֲלָפִים, שֶׁאֵין מַגִּיעִין לְכִכָּר:
25The silver from those of the community who had been counted came to 100 talents and 1775 shekels, of the sacred shekels:		כהוְכֶ֛סֶף פְּקוּדֵ֥י הָֽעֵדָ֖ה מְאַ֣ת כִּכָּ֑ר וְאֶ֩לֶף֩ וּשְׁבַ֨ע מֵא֜וֹת וַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְשִׁבְעִ֛ים שֶׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ:
26a beka per head, which is a half-shekel according to the weight of the sacred shekel, for all those 20 years and over, who had passed through the line of those counted in the census, 603,550 in all, as follows:		כובֶּ֚קַע לַגֻּלְגֹּ֔לֶת מַֽחֲצִ֥ית הַשֶּׁ֖קֶל בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכֹ֨ל הָֽעֹבֵ֜ר עַל־הַפְּקֻדִ֗ים מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה לְשֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֨לֶף֙ וּשְׁל֣שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֔ים וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת וַֽחֲמִשִּֽׁים:
בֶּקַע - Beka - is the name of the weight of half a shekel.		בֶּקַע. הוּא שֵׁם מִשְׁקָל שֶׁל מַחֲצִית הַשֶּׁקֶל:
לְשֵֽׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וגו' - 603,[550]. This was the total number of the people of Israel – this was their total number after the Tabernacle was erected, as stated in the Book of Numbers, 2 and also at this point, when donating for the Tabernacle, they numbered the same. And the number of half-shekels of 600,000 equals 100 talents, each one being 3000 shekels. How so? 600,000 half-shekels make up 300,000 whole ones, which are 100 talents. And the remaining 3550 half-shekels equal 1775 shekels.		לְשֵֽׁשׁ־מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וגו'. כָּךְ הָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְכָךְ עָלָה מִנְיָנָם אַחַר שֶׁהוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן בְּסֵפֶר וַיְדַבֵּר, וְאַף עַתָּה בְּנִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן כָּךְ הָיוּ, וּמִנְיַן חֲצָאֵי הַשְּׁקָלִים שֶׁל שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף עוֹלֶה מְאַת כִּכָּר, כָּל אֶחָד שֶׁל שְׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים שְׁקָלִים, כֵּיצַד? שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף חֲצָאִין הֲרֵי הֵן שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף שְׁלֵמִים, הֲרֵי מְאַת כִּכָּר, וְהַשְּׁלֹשֶׁת אֲלָפִים וְה' מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים חֲצָאִים עוֹלִים אֶלֶף וְז' מֵאוֹת וְע"ה שְׁקָלִים:
27The 100 talents of silver were used for casting the bases for the Tabernacle and the bases for the Curtain: 100 bases from 100 talents, one talent for each base.		כזוַיְהִ֗י מְאַת֙ כִּכַּ֣ר הַכֶּ֔סֶף לָצֶ֗קֶת אֵ֚ת אַדְנֵ֣י הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֵ֖ת אַדְנֵ֣י הַפָּרֹ֑כֶת מְאַ֧ת אֲדָנִ֛ים לִמְאַ֥ת הַכִּכָּ֖ר כִּכָּ֥ר לָאָֽדֶן:
לָצֶקֶת - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: לְאַתָּכָא – “for casting.”		לָצֶקֶת. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ לְאַתָּכָא:
אֵת אַדְנֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ - (lit.) The bases for the Sanctuary - i.e., of the planks of the Tabernacle, which were 48 planks having 96 bases, plus the four bases of the Curtain, making a total of 100. But all the other bases are specified as being of copper.		אֵת אַדְנֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ. שֶׁל קַרְשֵׁי הַמִּשְׁכָּן, שֶהֵם מ"ח קְרָשִׁים וְלָהֶן צ"ו אֲדָנִים, וְאַדְנֵי הַפָּרֹכֶת אַרְבָּעָה, הֲרֵי מֵאָה, וְכָל שְׁאָר הָאֲדָנִים נְחֹשֶׁת כָּתוּב בָּהֶם:
28And with the 1775 shekels he made hooks for the pillars of the Courtyard, overlaid their tops, and banded them.		כחוְאֶת־הָאֶ֜לֶף וּשְׁבַ֤ע הַמֵּאוֹת֙ וַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה וְשִׁבְעִ֔ים עָשָׂ֥ה וָוִ֖ים לָֽעַמּוּדִ֑ים וְצִפָּ֥ה רָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם וְחִשַּׁ֥ק אֹתָֽם:
וְצִפָּה רָֽאשֵׁיהֶם - Overlaid their tops - i.e., of the pillars – with them, for regarding all of them, it is written: “and their tops and bands were overlaid with silver.” 3		וְצִפָּה רָֽאשֵׁיהֶם. שֶׁל עַמּוּדִים מֵהֶן, שֶׁבְּכֻלָּן כְּתִיב וְצִפּוּי רָאשֵׁיהֶם וַחֲשֻׁקֵיהֶם כָּסֶף:
29The copper of the wave-offering came to 70 talents and 2400 shekels.		כטוּנְח֥שֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָ֖ה שִׁבְעִ֣ים כִּכָּ֑ר וְאַלְפַּ֥יִם וְאַרְבַּע־מֵא֖וֹת שָֽׁקֶל:
30With it he made the bases for the Screen at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, the Outer, copper Altar and its copper Grate, and all the Altar’s utensils,		לוַיַּ֣עַשׂ בָּ֗הּ אֶת־אַדְנֵי֙ פֶּ֚תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד וְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּח֔שֶׁת וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֥ר הַנְּח֖שֶׁת אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֥י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ:
31the bases for the pillars of the Courtyard all around and the bases for the Screen at the entrance to the Courtyard, all the stakes for the Tabernacle, and all the stakes for the Courtyard all around.		לאוְאֶת־אַדְנֵ֤י הֶֽחָצֵר֙ סָבִ֔יב וְאֶת־אַדְנֵ֖י שַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֑ר וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־כָּל־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר סָבִֽיב:

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 39

1With the turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool, they made the netted packing cloths for use in the Tabernacle, and made Aaron’s sacred garments—as God had commanded Moses.		אוּמִן־הַתְּכֵ֤לֶת וְהָֽאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת הַשָּׁנִ֔י עָשׂ֥וּ בִגְדֵֽי־שְׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֞וּ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וּמִן־הַתְּכֵלֶת וְהָֽאַרְגָּמָן וגו' - With the turquoise, purple… Linen is not mentioned here, and it is from here that I deduce that these בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד are not the priestly garments, for the priestly garments contained linen. Rather, they are the cloths with which they covered the holy vessels when the Tabernacle was being dismantled for travel, which did not contain linen.		וּמִן־הַתְּכֵלֶת וְהָֽאַרְגָּמָן וגו'. שֵׁשׁ לֹא נֶאֱמַר כָּאן, וּמִכָּאן אֲנִי אוֹמֵר שֶׁאֵין בִּגְדֵי שְׂרָד הַלָּלוּ בִּגְדֵי כְהֻנָּה, שֶׁבְּבִגְדֵי כְהֻנָּה הָיָה שֵׁשׁ, אֶלָּא הֵם בְּגָדִים שֶׁמְּכַסִּים בָּהֶם כְּלֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ בִּשְׁעַת סִלּוּק מַסָּעוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בָהֶם שֵׁשׁ:

Footnotes

Numbers 4:15-33.

Exodus 25:29.

Exodus 39:19.

Second Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 39

2He made the Ephod out of gold, turquoise wool, purple wool, scarlet wool, and twined linen.		בוַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הָֽאֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר:
3They hammered out the sheets of gold and he cut them into threads, to be intertwined with the turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool, and the fine linen. The Ephod was made with a woven design.		גוַיְרַקְּע֞וּ אֶת־פַּחֵ֣י הַזָּהָב֘ וְקִצֵּ֣ץ פְּתִילִם֒ לַֽעֲשׂ֗וֹת בְּת֤וֹךְ הַתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙ וּבְת֣וֹךְ הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן וּבְת֛וֹךְ תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וּבְת֣וֹךְ הַשֵּׁ֑שׁ מַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה חשֵֽׁב:
וַיְרַקְּעוּ - This is of the same root as לְרוֹקַע הָאָרֶץ “To the One who spreads out the land over the water,” 1 and its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: וְרַדִּידוּ “they beat,” i.e., they hammered out sheets from the gold, “estendre” in Old French, i.e., to spread into thin sheets. Here, the Torah teaches you how they spun the gold with the other threads: They would beat it out into thin sheets and cut out threads along the length of the sheet, so that these threads could be intertwined with each of the other materials in the Breastplate and the Ephod, which are recorded as containing gold – one gold thread with six strands of turquoise wool, and similarly with each material, for the thread of each material was composed of six strands, and a seventh strand of gold was spun with each of them.		וַיְרַקְּעוּ. כְּמוֹ לְרֹקַע הָאָרֶץ (תהילים קל"ו), כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ וּרְדִידוּ, טַסִּין הָיוּ מְרַדְּדִין מִן הַזָּהָב, אשטנ"דרא בְּלַעַז, טַסִּין דַּקּוֹת. כָּאן הוּא מְלַמֶּדְךָ הֵיאַךְ הָיוּ טוֹוִין אֶת הַזָּהָב עִם הַחוּטִין, מְרַדְּדִים טַסִּין דַּקִּין, וְקוֹצְצִין מֵהֶן פְּתִילִים לְאֹרֶךְ הַטַּס – לַעֲשׂוֹת אוֹתָן פְּתִילִים תַּעֲרֹבֶת עִם כָּל מִין וָמִין בַּחֹשֶׁן וְאֵפוֹד שֶׁנֶּ' בָּהֶן זָהָב, חוּט אֶחָד שֶׁל זָהָב עִם ו' חוּטִין שֶׁל תְּכֵלֶת, וְכֵן עִם כָּל מִין וָמִין, שֶׁכָּל הַמִּינִים חוּטָן כָּפוּל ו', וְהַזָּהָב חוּט שְׁבִיעִי עִם כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד:
4They made attached shoulder straps for it; they were attached at its two ends.		דכְּתֵפֹ֥ת עָֽשׂוּ־ל֖וֹ חֹֽבְרֹ֑ת עַל־שְׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָ֖יו (כתיב קצוותו) חֻבָּֽר:
5The belt that fastened it and that was above it was made like it, of one piece with it, out of gold, turquoise wool, purple wool, scarlet wool, and twined linen—as God had commanded Moses.		הוְחֵ֨שֶׁב אֲפֻדָּת֜וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֗יו מִמֶּ֣נּוּ הוּא֘ כְּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֒הוּ֒ זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
6They made the onyx stones mounted in gold settings; they were engraved, as a signet ring is engraved, with the names of Israel’s sons.		ווַֽיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֙ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם מֻֽסַבֹּ֖ת מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב מְפֻתָּחֹת֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חוֹתָ֔ם עַל־שְׁמ֖וֹת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
7He then affixed them to the upper ends of the shoulder straps of the Ephod as stones of remembrance of the righteousness of the sons of Israel—as God had commanded Moses.		זוַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹתָ֗ם עַ֚ל כִּתְפֹ֣ת הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד אַבְנֵ֥י זִכָּר֖וֹן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
8He made the Breastplate of woven design, as the Ephod was made: out of gold, turquoise wool, purple wool, scarlet wool, and twined linen.		חוַיַּ֧עַשׂ אֶת־הַח֛שֶׁן מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה חשֵׁ֖ב כְּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר:
9They made the Breastplate to be folded over into a square, a span long and a span wide when folded over.		טרָב֧וּעַ הָיָ֛ה כָּפ֖וּל עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הַח֑שֶׁן זֶ֧רֶת אָרְכּ֛וֹ וְזֶ֥רֶת רָחְבּ֖וֹ כָּפֽוּל:
10They set it with four rows of mounted gems: The first row was a row containing a carnelian, an emerald, and a topaz.		יוַיְמַ֨לְאוּ־ב֔וֹ אַרְבָּעָ֖ה ט֣וּרֵי אָ֑בֶן ט֗וּר אֹ֤דֶם פִּטְדָה֙ וּבָרֶ֔קֶת הַטּ֖וּר הָֽאֶחָֽד:
11The second row: a red garnet, a sapphire, and a diamond.		יאוְהַטּ֖וּר הַשֵּׁנִ֑י נֹ֥פֶךְ סַפִּ֖יר וְיָֽהֲלֹֽם:
12The third row: a zircon, an agate, and an amethyst.		יבוְהַטּ֖וּר הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י לֶ֥שֶׁם שְׁב֖וֹ וְאַחְלָֽמָה:
13The fourth row: an aquamarine, an onyx, and a jasper. They were mounted so as to be encased in settings of gold.		יגוְהַטּוּר֙ הָֽרְבִיעִ֔י תַּרְשִׁ֥ישׁ שֹׁ֖הַם וְיָֽשְׁפֵ֑ה מֽוּסַבֹּ֛ת מִשְׁבְּצֹ֥ת זָהָ֖ב בְּמִלֻּֽאֹתָֽם:
14The gems bore the names of the sons of Israel, 12 by name; each one’s name was engraved as on a signet ring, for all 12 tribes.		ידוְ֠הָֽאֲבָנִ֠ים עַל־שְׁמֹ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל הֵ֛נָּה שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חֹתָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמ֔וֹ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט:
15For attaching the top edge of the Breastplate to the shoulder straps of the Ephod, they made pure-gold chains, braided like cords.		טווַיַּֽעֲשׂ֧וּ עַל־הַח֛שֶׁן שַׁרְשְׁרֹ֥ת גַּבְלֻ֖ת מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה עֲבֹ֑ת זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר:
16They made two gold settings and two gold rings, and they attached the two rings to the two upper corners of the Breastplate.		טזוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ מִשְׁבְּצֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וּשְׁתֵּ֖י טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וַיִּתְּנ֗וּ אֶת־שְׁתֵּי֙ הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַחֽשֶׁן:
17They ran the two gold braids through the two rings on the upper corners of the Breastplate.		יזוַיִּתְּנ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ הָֽעֲבֹתֹ֣ת הַזָּהָ֔ב עַל־שְׁתֵּ֖י הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת עַל־קְצ֖וֹת הַחֽשֶׁן:
18They attached the two ends of each of the two braids to the two settings, which they affixed toward the front of the shoulder straps of the Ephod.		יחוְאֵ֨ת שְׁתֵּ֤י קְצוֹת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הָֽעֲבֹתֹ֔ת נָתְנ֖וּ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמִּשְׁבְּצֹ֑ת וַיִּתְּנֻ֛ם עַל־כִּתְפֹ֥ת הָֽאֵפֹ֖ד אֶל־מ֥וּל פָּנָֽיו:
19They made two additional gold rings and attached them to the two lower corners of the Breastplate, on the corners of its edge that faces the Ephod, the rings being attached to the inner fold of the Breastplate.		יטוַיַּעֲשׂ֗וּ שְׁתֵּי֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וַיָּשִׂ֕ימוּ עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י קְצ֣וֹת הַח֑שֶׁן עַל־שְׂפָת֕וֹ אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֶל־עֵ֥בֶר הָֽאֵפֹ֖ד בָּֽיְתָה:
20They made a third set of two gold rings, and attached them to the outer edge of the lower ends of the two shoulder straps at the back of the Ephod, next to where they were joined to it, above the belt of the Ephod.		כוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֘ שְׁתֵּ֣י טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָב֒ וַיִּתְּנֻ֡ם עַל־שְׁתֵּי֩ כִתְפֹ֨ת הָֽאֵפֹ֤ד מִלְּמַ֨טָּה֙ מִמּ֣וּל פָּנָ֔יו לְעֻמַּ֖ת מַחְבַּרְתּ֑וֹ מִמַּ֕עַל לְחֵ֖שֶׁב הָֽאֵפֹֽד:
21They linked the Breastplate by its rings to the rings of the Ephod with a cord of turquoise wool so the Breastplate would be connected to the front of the belt of the Ephod and so the Breastplate would not come loose from the Ephod—as God had commanded Moses.		כאוַיִּרְכְּס֣וּ אֶת־הַח֡שֶׁן מִטַּבְּעֹתָיו֩ אֶל־טַבְּעֹ֨ת הָֽאֵפֹ֜ד בִּפְתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֗לֶת לִֽהְיֹת֙ עַל־חֵ֣שֶׁב הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד וְלֹֽא־יִזַּ֣ח הַח֔שֶׁן מֵעַ֖ל הָֽאֵפֹ֑ד כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:

Footnotes

Psalms 136:6.

Third Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 39

22He made the Robe to be worn under the Ephod, woven entirely out of turquoise wool.		כבוַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת־מְעִ֥יל הָֽאֵפֹ֖ד מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֑ג כְּלִ֖יל תְּכֵֽלֶת:
23The edge of the top opening of the Robe was folded inwards, like the collar of a coat of mail: all around its opening there was an edging so that it would not rip.		כגוּפִֽי־הַמְּעִ֥יל בְּתוֹכ֖וֹ כְּפִ֣י תַחְרָ֑א שָׂפָ֥ה לְפִ֛יו סָבִ֖יב לֹ֥א יִקָּרֵֽעַ:
24On the lower hem of the Robe they made hollow spheres shaped like pomegranates out of turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool, intertwined.		כדוַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֙ עַל־שׁוּלֵ֣י הַמְּעִ֔יל רִמּוֹנֵ֕י תְּכֵ֥לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֖ן וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֑י מָשְׁזָֽר:
25They made bells of pure gold and placed the bells between the pomegranates, all around the lower hem of the Robe, amid the pomegranates:		כהוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ פַֽעֲמֹנֵ֖י זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיִּתְּנ֨וּ אֶת־הַפַּֽעֲמֹנִ֜ים בְּת֣וֹךְ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֗ים עַל־שׁוּלֵ֤י הַמְּעִיל֙ סָבִ֔יב בְּת֖וֹךְ הָֽרִמֹּנִֽים:
26a bell and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate, all around the lower hem of the Robe, for the Tabernacle service—as God had commanded Moses.		כופַּֽעֲמֹ֤ן וְרִמֹּן֙ פַּֽעֲמֹ֣ן וְרִמֹּ֔ן עַל־שׁוּלֵ֥י הַמְּעִ֖יל סָבִ֑יב לְשָׁרֵ֕ת כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
27They made the woven linen tunics for Aaron and his sons,		כזוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת־הַכָּתְנֹ֥ת שֵׁ֖שׁ מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֹרֵ֑ג לְאַֽהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו:
28the linen Turban for Aaron, the splendid linen hats for his sons, the linen trousers for all of them, all out of twined linen,		כחוְאֵת֙ הַמִּצְנֶ֣פֶת שֵׁ֔שׁ וְאֶת־פַּֽאֲרֵ֥י הַמִּגְבָּעֹ֖ת שֵׁ֑שׁ וְאֶת־מִכְנְסֵ֥י הַבָּ֖ד שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר:
וְאֵת פַּֽאֲרֵי הַמִּגְבָּעֹת - means literally: “the splendor of the hats,” i.e., the magnificent hats.		וְאֵת פַּֽאֲרֵי הַמִּגְבָּעֹת. תִּפְאֶרֶת הַמִּגְבָּעוֹת – הַמִּגְבָּעוֹת הַמְּפֹאָרוֹת:
29the Sash for Aaron’s Tunic embroidered out of twined linen and turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool—as God had commanded Moses.		כטוְאֶת־הָֽאַבְנֵ֞ט שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֑ם כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
30They made the Forehead-plate, the holy crown, of pure gold, and they inscribed upon it with script like that of a signet ring the words “Holy unto God.”		לוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֛וּ אֶת־צִ֥יץ נֶֽזֶר־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיִּכְתְּב֣וּ עָלָ֗יו מִכְתַּב֙ פִּתּוּחֵ֣י חוֹתָ֔ם קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
31They inserted a cord of turquoise wool into it, to pass over the top of the Turban—as God had commanded Moses.		לאוַיִּתְּנ֤וּ עָלָיו֙ פְּתִ֣יל תְּכֵ֔לֶת לָתֵ֥ת עַל־הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת מִלְמָ֑עְלָה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
לָתֵת עַל־הַמִּצְנֶפֶת מִלְמָעְלָה - To pass over the top of the Turban- and thus by means of the cords the Forehead-plate was placed over the Turban like a crown. It is impossible, however, to say that the Forehead-plate itself was upon the Turban, for we have learned in Tractate Shechitat Kodashim 1 that the high priest’s hair was visible between the Forehead-plate and the Turban, where he would wear tefilin, and the Forehead-plate was worn on the forehead – thus, the Turban was above and the Forehead-plate below. So what, then, is the meaning of “over the top of the Turban”? Furthermore, I had another difficulty regarding this. Here it says: וַיִּתְּנוּ עָלָיו פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת (lit.) “They put upon it a cord of turquoise wool,” while in connection with the command it says: וְשַׂמְתָּ אֹתוֹ עַל פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת (lit.) “You must place it over a cord of turquoise wool.” 2 Therefore I maintain that the term “a cord of turquoise wool” refers to cords with which to secure the Forehead-plate onto the Turban – for the Forehead-plate itself extended only from ear to ear, and how would he secure it on his forehead? There were turquoise wool cords attached to it at its two ends and in the middle, with which he secured it so that it hung over the Turban when it was on his head, and the cords were folded so as to form two at each end, i.e., one above, on the Forehead-plate’s outside surface, and one below, on the surface next to his forehead, and similarly in the middle, for in this way it was easy to tie it, and it is not usual to tie things together with less than two threads. Therefore it says in one verse: “over a cord of turquoise wool,” and in the other: “upon it a cord of turquoise wool.” He would then tie the two ends of each thread all together behind him at the back of his head and thus place it over the Turban. Do not wonder why Scripture does not say פְּתִילֵי תְכֵלֶת “cords of turquoise wool” as there were more than one, for so we find regarding the Breastplate and the Ephod: וַיִּרְכְּסוּ אֶת הַחֹשֶׁן וגו׳ בִּפְתִיל תְּכֵלֶת “They linked the Breastplate…with a cord of turquoise wool,” 3 and there must have been no less than two cords, for on the two lower corners of the Breastplate were the two rings of the Breastplate, and on the two shoulder straps of the Ephod were the two rings of the Ephod opposite them. According to the regular manner of tying there were four cords, but in any case, it was impossible that there were less than two.		לָתֵת עַל־הַמִּצְנֶפֶת מִלְמָעְלָה. וְעַל יְדֵי הַפְּתִילִים הָיָה מוֹשִׁיבוֹ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת כְּמִין כֶּתֶר; וְאִי אֶפְשַָׁר לוֹמַר הַצִּיץ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת, שֶׁהֲרֵי בִשְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים שָׁנִינוּ שְׂעָרוֹ הָיָה נִרְאֶה בֵּין צִיץ לַמִּצְנֶפֶת שֶׁשָּׁם מֵנִיחַ תְּפִלִּין, וְהַצִּיץ הָיָה נָתוּן עַל הַמֶּצַח, הֲרֵי הַמִּצְנֶפֶת לְמַעְלָה וְהַצִּיץ לְמַטָּה, וּמַהוּ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת מִלְמָעְלָה? וְעוֹד הִקְשֵׁיתִי בָהּ – כָּאן הוּא אוֹמֵר וַיִּתְּנוּ עָלָיו פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת, וּבְעִנְיַן הַצַּוָּאָה הוּא אוֹמֵר וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתוֹ עַל פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת? וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי, פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת זֶה חוּטִין הֵן, לְקָשְׁרוֹ בָּהֶן בַּמִּצְנֶפֶת – לְפִי שֶׁהַצִּיץ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא מֵאֹזֶן לְאֹזֶן וּבַמֶּה יִקְשְׁרֶנּוּ בְמִצְחוֹ? – וְהָיוּ קְבוּעִין בּוֹ חוּטֵי תְכֵלֶת לִשְׁנֵי רָאשָׁיו וּבְאֶמְצָעִיתוֹ, שֶׁבָּהֶן קוֹשְׁרוֹ וְתוֹלֵהוּ בַמִּצְנֶפֶת כְּשֶׁהוּא בְרֹאשׁוֹ, וּשְׁנֵי חוּטִין הָיוּ בְּכָל קָצֶה וְקָצֶה, אֶחָד מִמַּעַל וְאֶחָד מִתַּחַת לְצַד מִצְחוֹ, וְכֵן בְּאֶמְצָעוֹ, שֶׁכָּךְ הוּא נֹחַ לִקְשֹׁר, וְאֵין דֶּרֶךְ קְשִׁירָה בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי חוּטִין, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר עַל פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת, וְעָלָיו פְּתִיל תְּכֵלֶת, וְקוֹשֵׁר רָאשֵׁיהֶם הַשְּׁנַיִם כֻּלָּן יַחַד מֵאֲחוֹרָיו לְמוּל עָרְפּוֹ, וּמוֹשִׁיבוֹ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת; וְאַל תִּתְמַהּ שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר פְּתִילֵי תְכֵלֶת הוֹאִיל וּמְרֻבִּין הֵן, שֶׁהֲרֵי מָצִינוּ בְחֹשֶׁן וְאֵפוֹד וַיִּרְכְּסוּ אֶת הַחֹשֶׁן … בִּפְתִיל תְּכֵלֶת, וְעַל כָּרְחֲךָ פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁנַיִם לֹא הָיוּ שֶׁהֲרֵי בִשְׁנֵי קְצוֹת הַחֹשֶׁן הָיוּ ב' טַבְּעוֹת הַחֹשֶׁן, וּבִשְׁתֵּי כִתְפוֹת הָאֵפוֹד הָיוּ ב' טַבְּעוֹת הָאֵפוֹד, שֶׁכְּנֶגְדָן, וּלְפִי דֶּרֶךְ קְשִׁירָה ד' חוּטִין הָיוּ וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁנַיִם אִי אֶפְשָׁר:
32All the work of making the Tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting and its furnishings, was completed. The Israelites brought everything exactly in the manner that God had commanded Moses.		לבוַתֵּ֕כֶל כָּל־עֲבֹדַ֕ת מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּ֠כֹ֠ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־משֶׁ֖ה כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ:
וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל - (lit.) The Israelites did – the work of bringing - “exactly in the manner that God had commanded Moses.”		וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. אֶת הַמְּלָאכָה ככל אשר צוה ה' וגו':

Footnotes

Zevachim 19a-b.

Exodus 28:37.

Exodus 39:21.

Fourth Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 39

33They brought the inner covering of the Tabernacle to Moses, the Tent of goat-hair, and all the other components of the Tabernacle: its clasps, planks, crossbars, pillars, and bases;		לגוַיָּבִ֤יאוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה אֶת־הָאֹ֖הֶל וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו קְרָסָ֣יו קְרָשָׁ֔יו בְּרִיחָ֖יו (כתיב בריחו) וְעַמֻּדָ֥יו וַֽאֲדָנָֽיו:
וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וגו' - They brought the Tabernacle [to Moses] - for they themselves were unable to erect it. And because Moses himself had not done any work for the Tabernacle, the Holy One, blessed be He, left him the task of erecting it – for no man was able to erect it because the planks were so heavy that no man could naturally lift them upright, but Moses erected it. Moses said before the Holy One, blessed be He, “How is it possible for human agency to erect it?” God answered him, “Apply yourself to it with your hand; it will appear as though you are erecting it, but it will rise upright and stand up by itself.” And this is what is meant when it says: “the Tabernacle was erected,” 1 i.e., it was erected by itself. This is stated in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma. 2		וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן וגו'. שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ יְכוֹלִין לַהֲקִימוֹ; וּלְפִי שֶׁלֹּא עָשָׂה מֹשֶׁה שׁוּם מְלָאכָה בַמִּשְׁכָּן, הִנִּיחַ לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הֲקָמָתוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה יָכוֹל לַהֲקִימוֹ שׁוּם אָדָם מֵחֲמַת כֹּבֶד הַקְּרָשִׁים, שֶׁאֵין כֹּחַ בָּאָדָם לְזָקְפָן, וּמֹשֶׁה הֶעֱמִידוֹ; אָמַר מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֵיךְ אֶפְשָׁר הֲקָמָתוֹ עַל יְדֵי אָדָם? אָמַר לוֹ עֲסֹק אַתָּה בְּיָדְךָ, וְנִרְאֶה כִּמְקִימוֹ וְהוּא נִזְקָף וְקָם מֵאֵלָיו, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּ' הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן (שמות מ') – הוּקַם מֵאֵלָיו; מִדְרַשׁ רַ' תַנְחוּמָא:
34the roof of red-dyed ram skins, the roof of tachash skins, and the partition Curtain;		לדוְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֞ה עוֹרֹ֤ת הָֽאֵילִם֙ הַֽמְאָדָּמִ֔ים וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֖ה עֹרֹ֣ת הַתְּחָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ:
35the Ark of Testimony, its poles, and the Cover;		להאֶת־אֲר֥וֹן הָֽעֵדֻ֖ת וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת:
36the Table, all its utensils, and the showbread;		לואֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים:
37the pure-gold Candelabrum with its lamps—the lamps in due order—all its utensils, and the oil for illumination;		לזאֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֨ה הַטְּהֹרָ֜ה אֶת־נֵֽרֹתֶ֗יהָ נֵרֹ֛ת הַמַּֽעֲרָכָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר:
38the golden Altar, the anointing oil, the incense-offering, and the Screen for the entrance to the Tent;		לחוְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הַזָּהָ֔ב וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ פֶּ֥תַח הָאֹֽהֶל:
39the copper Altar, its copper Grate, its poles, and all its utensils; the Laver and its base;		לטאֵ֣ת \| מִזְבַּ֣ח הַנְּח֗שֶׁת וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּח֨שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ:
40the nettings of the Courtyard, its pillars, and its bases; the Screen for the entrance to the Courtyard, its tying ropes, and its stakes; and all the utensils for the work of dismantling and erecting the Tabernacle, for the Tent of Meeting;		מאֵת֩ קַלְעֵ֨י הֶֽחָצֵ֜ר אֶת־עַמֻּדֶ֣יהָ וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶ֗יהָ וְאֶת־הַמָּסָךְ֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֶת־מֵֽיתָרָ֖יו וִיתֵֽדֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֗ת כָּל־כְּלֵ֛י עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן לְאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד:
41the netted packing-cloths for use in the Tabernacle, the sacred garments for Aaron the high priest, and the garments of his sons ministering as priests.		מאאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ לְאַֽהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן:
42The Israelites had done all the work exactly in the manner that God had commanded Moses.		מבכְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶׁ֑ה כֵּ֤ן עָשׂוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֖ת כָּל־הָֽעֲבֹדָֽה:
43Moses saw that they had indeed done all the work exactly as God had commanded, and Moses blessed them.		מגוַיַּ֨רְא משֶׁ֜ה אֶת־כָּל־הַמְּלָאכָ֗ה וְהִנֵּה֙ עָשׂ֣וּ אֹתָ֔הּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה כֵּ֣ן עָשׂ֑וּ וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹתָ֖ם משֶֽׁה:
וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם משֶׁה - And Moses blessed them. He said to them, “May it be God’s will that the Divine Presence rest on your handiwork,” and prayed using the verse, “May the pleasantness of the presence of God, our God, be upon us; God, please validate the work of our hands for us….” 3 This verse is part of the 11 Psalms 4 compiled by Moses, beginning with תְּפִלָּה לְמֹשֶׁה “A prayer of Moses.”		וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם משֶׁה. אָמַר לָהֶם יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה שְׁכִינָה בְמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיכֶם, וִיהִי נֹעַם ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ עָלֵינוּ וְגוֹ', וְהוּא אֶחָד מִי"א מִזְמוֹרִים שֶׁבִּתְפִלָּה לְמֹשֶׁה (ספרא):

Footnotes

Exodus 40:17.

Tanchuma Pekudei 11.

Psalms 90:17.

Psalms 90-100.

Fifth Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 40

1God spoke to Moses, saying:		אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
2On the first day of Nisan, the first month, you must erect the Tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting.		בבְּיֽוֹם־הַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ תָּקִ֕ים אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֖ן אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד:
3You must place there the Ark of Testimony, and you must screen the Ark with the Curtain.		גוְשַׂמְתָּ֣ שָׁ֔ם אֵ֖ת אֲר֣וֹן הָֽעֵד֑וּת וְסַכֹּתָ֥ עַל־הָֽאָרֹ֖ן אֶת־הַפָּרֹֽכֶת:
וְסַכֹּתָ עַל־הָֽאָרֹן - (lit.) You must spread over the Ark. וְסַכֹּתָ here denotes shielding and not covering, for the Curtain was a partition.		וְסַכֹּתָ עַל־הָֽאָרֹן. לְשׁוֹן הַגָּנָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי מְחִצָּה הָיְתָה:
4You must bring in the Table and set up its arrangement of showbread, and you must bring in the Candelabrum and light its lamps.		דוְהֵֽבֵאתָ֙ אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֔ן וְעָֽרַכְתָּ֖ אֶת־עֶרְכּ֑וֹ וְהֵֽבֵאתָ֙ אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֔ה וְהַֽעֲלֵיתָ֖ אֶת־נֵֽרֹתֶֽיהָ:
וְעָֽרַכְתָּ אֶת־עֶרְכּוֹ - And set up its arrangement - i.e., the two stacks of the showbread.		וְעָֽרַכְתָּ אֶת־עֶרְכּוֹ. שְׁתַּיִם מַעֲרָכוֹת שֶׁל לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים:
5You must place the golden incense Altar in front of the Ark of Testimony, and you must emplace the Screen for the entrance to the Tabernacle.		הוְנָֽתַתָּ֞ה אֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַזָּהָב֙ לִקְטֹ֔רֶת לִפְנֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הָֽעֵדֻ֑ת וְשַׂמְתָּ֛ אֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
6You must place the sacrificial Altar in front of the entrance to the Tabernacle, i.e., the Tent of Meeting.		ווְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ה אֵ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָֽעֹלָ֑ה לִפְנֵ֕י פֶּ֖תַח מִשְׁכַּ֥ן אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵֽד:
7You must then place the Laver between the Tent of Meeting and the Altar, and you must put water in it.		זוְנָֽתַתָּ֙ אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֔ר בֵּֽין־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְנָֽתַתָּ֥ שָׁ֖ם מָֽיִם:
8You must set up the Courtyard all around, and emplace the Screen for the entrance to the Courtyard.		חוְשַׂמְתָּ֥ אֶת־הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר סָבִ֑יב וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ אֶת־מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶֽחָצֵֽר:
9You must take the anointing oil and anoint the Tabernacle and all its contents; you will thereby sanctify it and all its utensils, making it holy.		טוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בּ֑וֹ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֖יו וְהָ֥יָה קֹֽדֶשׁ:
10You must anoint the sacrificial Altar and all its utensils; you will thereby sanctify the Altar, making the Altar holy of holies.		יוּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֛ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הָֽעֹלָ֖ה וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וְהָיָ֥ה הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִֽׁים:
11You must anoint the Laver with its base and thereby make it holy.		יאוּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּ֑וֹ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֖ אֹתֽוֹ:
12You must bring Aaron and his sons into the Courtyard, outside the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, and immerse them in the water of a mikveh.		יבוְהִקְרַבְתָּ֤ אֶת־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְרָֽחַצְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם:
13You must dress Aaron in the holy garments and anoint him, and you will thereby sanctify him and he will minister to Me.		יגוְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֙ אֶת־אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן אֵ֖ת בִּגְדֵ֣י הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֥ אֹת֛וֹ וְקִדַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹת֖וֹ וְכִהֵ֥ן לִֽי:
14You must bring forth his sons and dress them in tunics.		ידוְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו תַּקְרִ֑יב וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם כֻּתֳּנֹֽת:
15You must then anoint them as you anointed their father, and they will minister to Me, and their anointing will endow them with an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations.”		טווּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֣ אֹתָ֗ם כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר מָשַׁ֨חְתָּ֙ אֶת־אֲבִיהֶ֔ם וְכִֽהֲנ֖וּ לִ֑י וְ֠הָֽיְתָ֠ה לִֽהְיֹ֨ת לָהֶ֧ם מָשְׁחָתָ֛ם לִכְהֻנַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹֽרֹתָֽם:
16Moses performed these rites exactly as God had commanded him.		טזוַיַּ֖עַשׂ משֶׁ֑ה כְּ֠כֹ֠ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֹת֖וֹ כֵּ֥ן עָשָֽׂה:

Sixth Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 40

17It was in the first month of the second year, on the first of the month, that the Tabernacle was erected.		יזוַיְהִ֞י בַּחֹ֧דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֛וֹן בַּשָּׁנָ֥ה הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ הוּקַ֖ם הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
18Moses erected the Tabernacle: he set up its bases, fitted its planks, inserted its crossbars, and erected its pillars.		יחוַיָּ֨קֶם משֶׁ֜ה אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֗ן וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־אֲדָנָ֔יו וַיָּ֨שֶׂם֙ אֶת־קְרָשָׁ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֖ן אֶת־בְּרִיחָ֑יו וַיָּ֖קֶם אֶת־עַמּוּדָֽיו:
19He spread the Tent of goat-hair over the tapestry-covering of the Tabernacle, and placed the ram-skin and tachash-skin roof of the Tent over it—as God had commanded Moses.		יטוַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אֶת־הָאֹ֨הֶל֙ עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וַיָּ֜שֶׂם אֶת־מִכְסֵ֥ה הָאֹ֛הֶל עָלָ֖יו מִלְמָ֑עְלָה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וַיִּפְרֹשׂ אֶת־הָאֹהֶל - He spread the Tent. Referring to the sheets of goat hair.		וַיִּפְרֹשׂ אֶת־הָאֹהֶל. הֵן יְרִיעוֹת הָעִזִּים:
20He took the Tablets of the Testimony and placed them in the Ark. He positioned the poles on the Ark, and placed the Cover on top of the Ark.		כוַיִּקַּ֞ח וַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־הָֽעֵדֻת֙ אֶל־הָ֣אָרֹ֔ן וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עַל־הָֽאָרֹ֑ן וַיִּתֵּ֧ן אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עַל־הָֽאָרֹ֖ן מִלְמָֽעְלָה:
אֶת־הָֽעֵדֻת - The Testimony - i.e., the Tablets.		אֶת־הָֽעֵדֻת. הַלּוּחוֹת:
21He brought the Ark into the Tabernacle, and placed the partition Curtain so that it would screen the Ark of Testimony—as God had commanded Moses.		כאוַיָּבֵ֣א אֶת־הָֽאָרֹן֘ אֶל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֒ וַיָּ֗שֶׂם אֵ֚ת פָּרֹ֣כֶת הַמָּסָ֔ךְ וַיָּ֕סֶךְ עַ֖ל אֲר֣וֹן הָֽעֵד֑וּת כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
22He placed the Table in the Tent of Meeting on the northern side of the Tabernacle, outside the Curtain.		כבוַיִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָן֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד עַ֛ל יֶ֥רֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן צָפֹ֑נָה מִח֖וּץ לַפָּרֹֽכֶת:
עַל יֶרֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּן צָפֹנָה - On the northern side of the Tabernacle - i.e., in the northern half of the width of the structure.		עַל יֶרֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּן צָפֹנָה. בַּחֵצִי הַצְּפוֹנִי שֶׁל רֹחַב הַבַּיִת:
יֶרֶךְ - (lit.) Thigh. Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: צִדָּא – side, just like the thigh is on a person’s side.		יֶרֶךְ. כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, צִדָּא, כַּיָּרֵךְ הַזֶּה שֶׁהוּא בְּצִדּוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם:
23He then set up an arrangement of showbread on it before God—as God had commanded Moses.		כגוַיַּֽעֲרֹ֥ךְ עָלָ֛יו עֵ֥רֶךְ לֶ֖חֶם לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
24He placed the Candelabrum in the Tent of Meeting opposite the Table, on the southern side of the Tabernacle.		כדוַיָּ֤שֶׂם אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה֙ בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד נֹ֖כַח הַשֻּׁלְחָ֑ן עַ֛ל יֶ֥רֶךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן נֶֽגְבָּה:
25He then lit the lamps before God—as God had commanded Moses.		כהוַיַּ֥עַל הַנֵּרֹ֖ת לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָה֑ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
26He placed the golden Altar in the Tent of Meeting, in front of the Curtain.		כווַיָּ֛שֶׂם אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הַזָּהָ֖ב בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לִפְנֵ֖י הַפָּרֹֽכֶת:
27He then burned an incense-offering on it—as God had commanded Moses.		כזוַיַּקְטֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו קְטֹ֣רֶת סַמִּ֑ים כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וַיַּקְטֵר עָלָיו קְטֹרֶת - He then burned an [incense-offering] on it - in the morning and in the afternoon, as stated: “he must burn it every morning, when he cleans out the lamps. Aaron must burn it when he kindles the lamps in the afternoon….” 1		וַיַּקְטֵר עָלָיו קְטֹרֶת. שַׁחֲרִית וְעַרְבִית, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר בְּהֵיטִיבוֹ אֶת הַנֵּרוֹת וְגוֹמֵר (שמות ל'):

Footnotes

Exodus 30:7-8.

Seventh Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 40

28He put the Screen for the entrance to the Tabernacle in place.		כחוַיָּ֛שֶׂם אֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
29He then placed the sacrificial Altar in front of the entrance to the Tabernacle, i.e., the Tent of Meeting, and upon it he sacrificed the daily ascent-offering and its accompanying grain-offering and libation—as God had commanded Moses.		כטוְאֵת֙ מִזְבַּ֣ח הָֽעֹלָ֔ה שָׂ֕ם פֶּ֖תַח מִשְׁכַּ֣ן אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֑ד וַיַּ֣עַל עָלָ֗יו אֶת־הָֽעֹלָה֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וַיַּעַל עָלָיו וגו' - And upon it he sacrificed… Even on the eighth day of inauguration, which was the day the Tabernacle was erected permanently, Moses officiated and brought the communal sacrifices, apart from those that Aaron and his sons were commanded to bring on that day, as it says: קְרַב אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וגו׳ “Moses said to Aaron, ‘Approach the Altar….’” 1		וַיַּעַל עָלָיו וגו'. אַף בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי לַמִּלּוּאִים, שֶׁהוּא יוֹם הֲקָמַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, שִׁמֵּשׁ מֹשֶׁה וְהִקְרִיב קָרְבְּנוֹת צִבּוּר, חוּץ מֵאוֹתָן שֶׁנִּצְטַוּוּ בוֹ בַיּוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר קְרַב אֶל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְגוֹמֵר (ויקרא ט'):
אֶת־הָֽעֹלָה - The ascent-offering - the daily ascent-offering.		אֶת־הָֽעֹלָה. עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד:
וְאֵת הַמִּנְחָה - (lit.) And the grain-offering - i.e., the grain-offering accompanied by the libation of the daily offering, as it says: “one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour kneaded with…oil….” 2		וְאֵת הַמִּנְחָה. מִנְחַת נְסָכִים שֶׁל תָּמִיד, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְעִשָּׂרֹן סֹלֶת בָּלוּל בְּשֶׁמֶן וְגוֹמֵר (שמות כ"ט):
30He placed the Laver between the Tent of Meeting and the Altar, and put water in it for washing.		לוַיָּ֨שֶׂם֙ אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֔ר בֵּֽין־אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד וּבֵ֣ין הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּתֵּ֥ן שָׁ֛מָּה מַ֖יִם לְרָחְצָֽה:
31From it Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and feet.		לאוְרָֽחֲצ֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ משֶׁ֖ה וְאַֽהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֑יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶֽם:
וְרָֽחֲצוּ מִמֶּנּוּ משֶׁה וְאַֽהֲרֹן - From it Moses and Aaron and his sons washed. On the eighth day of inauguration they were all, including Moses, equal regarding their status as priests. Onkelos’ translation of וְרָחֲצוּ מִמֶּנּוּ is וּמְקַדְּשִׁין מִנֵּה “and they would wash from it,” i.e., on that day Moses washed together with them.		וְרָֽחֲצוּ מִמֶּנּוּ משֶׁה וְאַֽהֲרֹן. יוֹם שְׁמִינִי לַמִּלּוּאִים הֻשְׁווּ כֻלָּם לִכְהֻנָּה, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ וּמְקַדְּשִׁין מִנֵּהּ, בּוֹ בַיּוֹם קִדֵּשׁ מֹשֶׁה עִמָּהֶם:
32They would wash whenever they entered the Tent of Meeting or drew near to the Altar—as God had commanded Moses.		לבבְּבֹאָ֞ם אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֗ד וּבְקָרְבָתָ֛ם אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ יִרְחָ֑צוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וּבְקָרְבָתָם - is equivalent to וּבְקָרְבָם - when they would draw near.		וּבְקָרְבָתָם. כְּמוֹ וּבְקָרְבָם – כְּשֶׁיִּקְרְבוּ:
33He set up the Courtyard surrounding the Tabernacle and the Altar, and he emplaced the Screen for the entrance to the Courtyard. With this, Moses completed the work.		לגוַיָּ֣קֶם אֶת־הֶֽחָצֵ֗ר סָבִיב֙ לַמִּשְׁכָּ֣ן וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ וַיִּתֵּ֕ן אֶת־מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֑ר וַיְכַ֥ל משֶׁ֖ה אֶת־הַמְּלָאכָֽה:
34The cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the glory of God filled the Tabernacle.		לדוַיְכַ֥ס הֶֽעָנָ֖ן אֶת־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וּכְב֣וֹד יְהֹוָ֔ה מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
35Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting since the cloud had rested on it and God’s glory filled the Tabernacle.		להוְלֹֽא־יָכֹ֣ל משֶׁ֗ה לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד כִּֽי־שָׁכַ֥ן עָלָ֖יו הֶֽעָנָ֑ן וּכְב֣וֹד יְהֹוָ֔ה מָלֵ֖א אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
וְלֹֽא־יָכֹל משֶׁה לָבוֹא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד - Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting - yet another verse says: “When Moses would come into the Tent of Meeting.” 3 Comes the third verse here and reconciles them: “since the cloud had rested upon it,” from which you can infer that as long as the cloud was upon it he was unable to enter, but when the cloud departed, he could enter and converse with God.		וְלֹֽא־יָכֹל משֶׁה לָבוֹא אֶל־אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד. וְכָתוּב אֶחָד אוֹמֵר וּבְבֹא מֹשֶׁה אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד (במדבר ז')? בָּא הַכָּתוּב הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וְהִכְרִיעַ בֵּינֵיהֶם – כִּי שָׁכַן עָלָיו הֶעָנָן, אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהָיָה עָלָיו הֶעָנָן לֹא הָיָה יָכוֹל לָבֹא, נִסְתַּלֵּק הֶעָנָן נִכְנָס וּמְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ (ספרא):
36Whenever the cloud rose from above the Tabernacle, the Israelites would embark on all their journeys.		לווּבְהֵֽעָל֤וֹת הֶֽעָנָן֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן יִסְע֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּכֹ֖ל מַסְעֵיהֶֽם:
37If the cloud did not rise, they would not set out until the day it rose.		לזוְאִם־לֹ֥א יֵֽעָלֶ֖ה הֶֽעָנָ֑ן וְלֹ֣א יִסְע֔וּ עַד־י֖וֹם הֵעָֽלֹתֽוֹ:
38For wherever they camped, the cloud of God was above the Tabernacle by day, and fire would be there by night, visible to the entire House of Israel, at all the stations of their journeys.		לחכִּי֩ עֲנַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֤ה עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּן֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְאֵ֕שׁ תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לַ֖יְלָה בּ֑וֹ לְעֵינֵ֥י כָל־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־מַסְעֵיהֶֽם:
לְעֵינֵי כָל־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכָל־מַסְעֵיהֶֽם - before the eyes of the entire house of Israel in all their journeys - On every journey (מַסָּע) that they were traveling, the cloud would rest in that place where they encamped. The place of their encampment is also called a journey (מַסָּע). Likewise, “And he went to his stations (לְמַסָּעָיו) ” (Gen. 13:3) [i.e., to the stops along his journey], and likewise, “These are the journeys (מַסְעֵי) ” (Num. 33:1). Since from the place of their encampment they resumed their journeys, they are all called “journeys” (מַסָעוֹת).		לְעֵינֵי כָל־בֵּֽית־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּכָל־מַסְעֵיהֶֽם. בְּכָל מַסָּע שֶׁהָיוּ נוֹסְעִים, הָיָה הֶעָנָן שׁוֹכֵן בַּמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר יַחֲנוּ שָׁם; מְקוֹם חֲנִיָּתָן אַף הוּא קָרוּי מַסָּע, וְכֵן וַיֵּלֶךְ לְמַסָּעָיו (בראשית י"ג), וְכֵן אֵלֶּה מַסְעֵי (במדבר ל"ג), לְפִי שֶׁמִּמְּקוֹם הַחֲנִיָּה חָזְרוּ וְנָסְעוּ, לְכָךְ נִקְרְאוּ כֻלָּן מַסָּעוֹת:

Footnotes

Leviticus 9:7.

Exodus 29:40.

Numbers 7:89.

Maftir Portion

Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 12

1God said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, showing them the new moon:		אוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֣ה וְאֶל־אַֽהֲרֹ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר:
וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל־משֶׁה וְאֶל־אַֽהֲרֹן - God said to Moses and Aaron. Since Aaron had acted and exerted himself in performing the marvels like Moses, God accorded him this honor in the first commandment given to Israel as a people by including him with Moses in the statement of this commandment.		וַיֹּאמֶר ה' אֶל־משֶׁה וְאֶל־אַֽהֲרֹן. בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁאַהֲרֹן עָשָׂה וְטָרַח בַּמּוֹפְתִים כְּמֹשֶׁה, חָלַק לוֹ כָּבוֹד זֶה בְּמִצְוָה רִאשׁוֹנָה, שֶׁכְּלָלוֹ עִם מֹשֶׁה בַּדִּבּוּר:
בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם - In Egypt - outside the city. Or perhaps you might think that it was indeed inside the city? Scripture states elsewhere: “When I go out of the city, I will spread out my hands in prayer to God.” 1 Now, if a prayer, which is of relatively minor importance, Moses did not pray inside the city, a Divine utterance, which is more significant, was all the more so not spoken inside the city. And why indeed did God not communicate with Moses inside the city? Because it was full of idols.		בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם. חוּץ לַכְּרַךְ, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בְּתוֹךְ הַכְּרַךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר (לעיל ט כט) "כְּצֵאתִי אֶת הָעִיר וְגוֹ'", וּמַה תְּפִלָּה קַלָּה לֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל בְּתוֹךְ הַכְּרַךְ, דִּבּוּר חָמוּר לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן. וּמִפְּנֵי מָה לֹא נִדְבַּר עִמּוֹ בְּתוֹךְ הַכְּרַךְ? לְפִי שֶׁהָיְתָה מְלֵאָה גִלּוּלִים:
2“This stage of the moon’s monthly renewal will signal the beginning of every new month. This month, Nisan, must be for you the beginning of the months; it must be for you the first of the months of the year.		בהַחֹ֧דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם רֹ֣אשׁ חֳדָשִׁ֑ים רִאשׁ֥וֹן הוּא֙ לָכֶ֔ם לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה:
הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה - This month. God showed Moses the moon in its renewal (בְּחִדּוּשָׁהּ) and said to him, “When the moon renews itself (מִתְחַדֵּשׁ) like this, it will be for you the beginning of the month.” Additionally, Scripture does not depart from its straightforward meaning: Concerning the month of Nisan God said to Moses, “This month must begin the sequence of numbering the months, that the following month, Iyar, will be called the second, and the next month, Sivan, the third.”		הַחֹדֶשׁ הַזֶּה. הֶרְאָהוּ לְבָנָה בְּחִדּוּשָׁהּ וְאָמַר לוֹ כְּשֶׁהַיָּרֵחַ מִתְחַדֵּשׁ יִהְיֶה לְךָ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ (מכילתא). וְאֵין מִקְרָא יוֹצֵא מִידֵי פְשׁוּטוֹ, עַל חֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן אָמַר לוֹ, זֶה יִהְיֶה רֹאשׁ לְסֵדֶר מִנְיַן הֶחֳדָשִׁים, שֶׁיְּהֵא אִיָּר קָרוּי שֵׁנִי, סִיוָן שְׁלִישִׁי:
הַזֶּה - This. Moses had difficulty regarding the reappearance of the moon, as to how much of the moon should be visible in order that it be fit to be consecrated as the new moon of the new month, so God showed him with His finger the moon in the sky and told him “See it like this and consecrate it.” But how could He show him? Did He not speak with him only by day, as it says: “on the day that God spoke to Moses,” 2 “on the day He commanded,” 3 and: “from the day on which God commanded you and from then on”? 4 The answer is, however, that this passage was told to Moses shortly before sunset, and God showed him the moon at dusk.		הַזֶּה. נִתְקַשָּׁה מֹשֶׁה עַל מוֹלַד הַלְּבָנָה, בְּאֵיזוֹ שִׁעוּר תֵּרָאֶה וְתִהְיֶה רְאוּיָה לְקַדֵּשׁ, וְהֶרְאָה לוֹ בְּאֶצְבַּע אֶת הַלְּבָנָה בָּרָקִיעַ וְאָמַר לוֹ כָּזֶה רְאֵה וְקַדֵּשׁ (שם). וְכֵיצַד הֶרְאָהוּ? וַהֲלֹא לֹא הָיָה נִדְבָּר עִמּוֹ אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם? שֶׁנֶּ' "וַיְהִי בְּיוֹם דִּבֶּר ה'" (שמות ו'), "בְּיוֹם צַוֹּתוֹ" (ויקרא ז'), "מִן הַיּוֹם אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה' וָהָלְאָה" (במדבר ט"ו)? אֶלָּא סָמוּךְ לִשְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה נֶאֶמְרָה לוֹ פָרָשָׁה זוֹ וְהֶרְאָהוּ עִם חֲשֵׁכָה:
3Speak together to the entire community of Israel, saying: On the 10th of this month, each man among them who heads an extended family-unit must take for himself a lamb or kid for his extended family, unless the extended family is so big that not everyone will be able to eat a kezayit of it, in which case, they should take a lamb or kid for each nuclear family.		גדַּבְּר֗וּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֶּֽעָשׂ֖ר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְיִקְח֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם אִ֛ישׁ שֶׂ֥ה לְבֵֽית־אָבֹ֖ת שֶׂ֥ה לַבָּֽיִת:
דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַת - Speak to the entire community. But was Aaron to speak? Does it not already say regarding Moses: “You must speak”? 5 The answer is, however, that Moses and Aaron accorded each other respect and said to each other, “Teach me what to say,” and thus the Divine word issued from both of them as if they were both speaking.		דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַת. וְכִי אַהֲרֹן מְדַבֵּר? וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר אַתָּה תְדַבֵּר? אֶלָּא חוֹלְקִין כָּבוֹד זֶה לָזֶה, וְאוֹמְרִים זֶה לָזֶה לַמְּדֵנִי, וְהַדִּבּוּר יוֹצֵא מִבֵּין שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּאִלּוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם מְדַבְּרִים (מכילתא):
דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר בֶּֽעָשׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ - Speak to the entire community of Israel, saying: on the 10th of [this] month - i.e., speak to them today, on the first day of the month, telling them that they must take the lamb on the tenth of the month.		דַּבְּרוּ אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר בֶּֽעָשׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ. דַּבְּרוּ הַיּוֹם, בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ שֶׁיִּקָּחוּהוּ בֶּעָשֹׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ:
הַזֶּה - This. This teaches us that the Passover offering brought in Egypt was to be taken on the tenth of Nisan, but not the Passover offering of future generations.		הַזֶּה. פֶּסַח מִצְרַיִם מִקְחוֹ בֶעָשׂוֹר, וְלֹא פֶּסַח דּוֹרוֹת (פסחים צ"ו):
שֶׂה לְבֵֽית־אָבֹת - (lit.) A lamb or kid per paternal house - i.e., for one family. Now, I might think that even if the family were many, they would still only require one lamb for all of them. Scripture therefore states: שֶׂה לַבָּיִת “a lamb (lit.) per household.”		שֶׂה לְבֵֽית־אָבֹת. לְמִשְׁפָּחָה אַחַת; הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיוּ מְרֻבִּין, יָכוֹל שֶׂה אֶחָד לְכֻלָּן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "שֶׂה לַבָּיִת" (מכילתא):
4If the nuclear family is too small to require a lamb or kid, then the family-head and a neighbor near his home must take one together, according to the number of people. You must be counted for the lamb or kid according to what each individual eats.		דוְאִם־יִמְעַ֣ט הַבַּ֘יִת֘ מִֽהְי֣וֹת מִשֶּׂה֒ וְלָקַ֣ח ה֗וּא וּשְׁכֵנ֛וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּמִכְסַ֣ת נְפָשֹׁ֑ת אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י אָכְל֔וֹ תָּכֹ֖סּוּ עַל־הַשֶֽׂה:
וְאִם־יִמְעַט הַבַּיִת מִֽהְיוֹת מִשֶּׂה - means: “if the members of the household are too few to be sufficient for one lamb,” that they cannot eat all of it and some of it will thus be left over, “he and his neighbor…must take one together.” This is its meaning according to the straightforward explanation. But there is also another, halachic exposition: The verse teaches us that after the members of the household have been registered as a group for eating the lamb, they may reduce their number by some of them withdrawing from the group assigned to eat it and registering for another lamb. However, if they wish to withdraw from the group and reduce their number, it has to be מִהְיוֹת מִשֶּׂה, i.e., they may reduce their number while the lamb still exists, – i.e., when it is alive, and not after it has already been slaughtered.		וְאִם־יִמְעַט הַבַּיִת מִֽהְיוֹת מִשֶּׂה. וְאִם יִהְיוּ מוּעָטִים מִהְיוֹת מִשֶּׂה אֶחָד, שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לְאָכְלוֹ וְיָבֹא לִידֵי נוֹתָר, וְלָקַח הוּא וּשְׁכֵנוֹ וגו' זֶהוּ מַשְׁמָעוֹ לְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ. וְעוֹד יֵשׁ בּוֹ מִדְרָשׁ: לְלַמֵּד, שֶׁאַחַר שֶׁנִּמְנוּ עָלָיו, יְכוֹלִין לְהִתְמַעֵט וְלִמְשֹׁךְ יְדֵיהֶם הֵימֶנּוּ וּלְהִמָּנוֹת עַל שֶׂה אַחֵר; אַךְ אִם בָּאוּ לִמְשֹׁךְ יְדֵיהֶם וּלְהִתְמַעֵט, מהיות משה, יִתְמַעֲטוּ בְּעוֹד הַשֶּׂה קַיָּם, בִּהְיוֹתוֹ בַחַיִּים וְלֹא מִשֶּׁנִּשְׁחַט (פסחים פ"ט):
בְּמִכְסַת - means “according to the number.” Similarly we find מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְּךָ “the amount of the field’s value.” 6		בְּמִכְסַת. חֶשְׁבּוֹן, וְכֵן "מִכְסַת הָעֶרְכְּךָ" (ויקרא כ"ז):
לְפִי אָכְלוֹ - (lit.) According to his eating - implies that only one who is able to eat of the lamb can be counted for it. This excludes the sick or elderly who cannot eat a kezayit.		לְפִי אָכְלוֹ. הָרָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה, פְּרָט לְחוֹלֶה וּלְזָקֵן שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לֶאֱכֹל כַּזַּיִת (מכילתא):
תָּכֹסּוּ - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: תִּתְמְנוּן – you must be counted.		תָּכֹסּוּ. "תִּתְמְנוּן":
5You must use a flawless young male animal in its first year for this offering; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats.		השֶׂ֧ה תָמִ֛ים זָכָ֥ר בֶּן־שָׁנָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם מִן־הַכְּבָשִׂ֥ים וּמִן־הָֽעִזִּ֖ים תִּקָּֽחוּ:
תָמִים - Perfect - i.e., without a blemish.		תָמִים. בְּלֹא מוּם:
בֶּן־שָׁנָה - (lit.) Of one year. Its entire first year it is called בֶּן שָׁנָה; meaning that it was born in that year.		בֶּן־שָׁנָה. כָּל שְׁנָתוֹ קָרוּי בֶּן שָׁנָה, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁנּוֹלַד בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ:
מִן־הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן־הָֽעִזִּים - From the sheep (lit.) and from the goats - i.e., either from one or the other, for a goat is also called שֶׂה, as it says: וְשֵׂה עִזִּים “and goat-kids.” 7		מִן־הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן־הָֽעִזִּים. אוֹ מִזֶּה אוֹ מִזֶּה, שֶׁאַף עֵז קָרוּי שֶׂה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְשֵׂה עִזִּים" (דברים י"ד):
6You must keep watch over it until the 14th day of this month. The entire assembled community of Israel must slaughter their sacrifices in the afternoon of the 14th.		ווְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְמִשְׁמֶ֔רֶת עַ֣ד אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֑ה וְשָֽׁחֲט֣וּ אֹת֗וֹ כֹּ֛ל קְהַ֥ל עֲדַת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֵּ֥ין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם:
וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת - You must keep watch over it. This denotes examination, indicating that the animal needs to be checked for blemishes for four days prior to slaughter. And why did God require here that the animal be taken four days before its slaughter, which is something that He did not command regarding the Passover offering of future generations? Rabbi Matya ben Charash would say: It says: “And I passed over you and saw you, and look, your time was the time of love” 8 – i.e., the time had arrived for the fulfillment of the oath that I swore to Abraham, namely, that I would redeem his children, but they had no commandments with which to occupy themselves in order to merit to be redeemed, as it says: “and you were naked and bare.” 9 So God gave them two commandments: the blood of the Passover offering and the blood of circumcision – for they circumcised themselves on that night – as it says: “and I saw you wallowing in your bloods,” 10 i.e., in two kinds of blood; and it also says: “You, too, through the blood of your covenant of circumcision I released your imprisoned ones from a pit that had no water.” 11 And because they were steeped in idolatry, He said to them: מִשְׁכוּ וּקְחוּ לָכֶם “Draw and take for yourselves” 12 – i.e., withdraw (מִשְׁכוּ) yourselves from idolatry and take for yourselves the sheep for fulfilling the commandment. By holding the animal for four days and not slaughtering it immediately they demonstrated that their withdrawal was a conscious decision and not impulsive.		וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת. זֶהוּ לְשׁוֹן בִּקּוּר, שֶׁטָּעוּן בִּקּוּר מִמּוּם אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה (פסחים צ"ו). וּמִפְּנֵי מָה הִקְדִּים לְקִיחָתוֹ לִשְׁחִיטָתוֹ אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים, מַה שֶּׁלֹּא צִוָּה כֵן בְּפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת? הָיָה רַ' מַתְיָא בֶּן חָרָשׁ אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר "וָאֶעֱבֹר עָלַיִךְ וָאֶרְאֵךְ וְהִנֵּה עִתֵּךְ עֵת דּוֹדִים" (יחזקאל ט"ז) – הִגִּיעָה שְׁבוּעָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּעְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָם שֶׁאֶגְאַל אֶת בָּנָיו, וְלֹא הָיוּ בְיָדָם מִצְווֹת לְהִתְעַסֵּק בָּהֶם כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּגָּאֲלוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאַתְּ עֵרוֹם וְעֶרְיָה" (שם), וְנָתַן לָהֶם שְׁתֵּי מִצְווֹת, דַּם פֶּסַח וְדַם מִילָה, שֶׁמָּלוּ בְאוֹתוֹ הַלַּיְלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מִתְבּוֹסֶסֶת בְּדָמָיִךְ" (שם) – בִּשְׁנֵי דָּמִים, וְאוֹמֵר "גַּם אַתְּ בְּדַם בְּרִיתֵךְ שִׁלַּחְתִּי אֲסִירַיִךְ מִבּוֹר אֵין מַיִם בּוֹ" (זכריה ט'); וּלְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁטוּפִין בֶּאֱלִילִים אָמַר לָהֶם משכו וקחו לכם, מִשְׁכוּ יְדֵיכֶם מֵאֱלִילִים, וּקְחוּ לָכֶם צֹאן שֶׁל מִצְוָה (מכילתא):
וְשָֽׁחֲטוּ אֹתוֹ וגו' - And…must slaughter it…. But did all of them slaughter the lamb? Rather, from here we learn that a person’s agent is like himself.		וְשָֽׁחֲטוּ אֹתוֹ וגו'. וְכִי כֻּלָּן שׁוֹחֲטִין? אֶלָּא מִכָּאן שֶׁשְּׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם כְּמוֹתוֹ (קידושין מלכים א):
קְהַל עֲדַת־יִשְׂרָאֵל - The assembled community of Israel. There are three expressions used here: קָהָל “assembly,” עֵדָה “community,” and יִשְׂרָאֵל “Israel.” From here our rabbis said: The community Passover offerings were slaughtered in three shifts, one after another. The first shift entered the Courtyard of the Temple and the doors of the Courtyard were then locked…; as is stated in Tractate Pesachim. 13		קְהַל עֲדַת־יִשְׂרָאֵל. קָהָל וְעֵדָה וְיִשְׂרָאֵל; מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ, פִּסְחֵי צִבּוּר נִשְׁחָטִין בְּשָׁלוֹשׁ כִּתּוֹת זוֹ אַחַר זוֹ, נִכְנְסָה כַת רִאשׁוֹנָה נִנְעֲלוּ דַּלְתוֹת הָעֲזָרָה וְכוּ'. כִּדְאִיתָא בִּפְסָחִים (דף ס"ד):
בֵּין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם - In the afternoon. From the end of six hours of the day onwards is called בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, when the sun leans towards its place of setting to begin evening. The expression בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם appears to me to denote those hours that are between the darkening (עֲרִיבַת) of the day and the darkening (עֲרִיבַת) of the night – the darkening of the day starts from the beginning of the seventh hour of the day, when the shadows of evening begin to fall, and the darkening of the night is at the beginning of the night. The word עֶרֶב is an expression of twilight and darkness, as in עָרְבָה כָּל שִׂמְחָה “all joy has turned dark.” 14		בֵּין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם. מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה קָרוּי בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶשׁ נוֹטֶה לְבֵית מְבוֹאוֹ לַעֲרֹב; וּלְשׁוֹן בין הערבים נִרְאֶה בְעֵינַי אוֹתָן שָׁעוֹת שֶׁבֵּין עֲרִיבַת הַיּוֹם לַעֲרִיבַת הַלַּיְלָה, עֲרִיבַת הַיּוֹם בִּתְחִלַּת ז' שָׁעוֹת מִכִּי יִנָּטוּ צִלְלֵי עֶרֶב, וַעֲרִיבַת הַלַּיְלָה בִּתְחִלַּת הַלַּיְלָה. ערב לְשׁוֹן נֶשֶׁף וְחֹשֶׁךְ, כְּמוֹ "עָרְבָה כָּל שִׂמְחָה" (ישעיהו כ"ד):
7They must take some of the blood and place it on the two doorposts and on the lintel inside the houses in which they will eat the sacrifice.		זוְלָֽקְחוּ֙ מִן־הַדָּ֔ם וְנָֽתְנ֛וּ עַל־שְׁתֵּ֥י הַמְּזוּזֹ֖ת וְעַל־הַמַּשְׁק֑וֹף עַ֚ל הַבָּ֣תִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יֹֽאכְל֥וּ אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶֽם:
וְלָֽקְחוּ מִן־הַדָּם - They must take some of the blood. This refers to the ritual receiving of the blood. One might have thought that it was accepted in the hand, so Scripture states: “the blood that is in the basin.” 15		וְלָֽקְחוּ מִן־הַדָּם. זוֹ קַבָּלַת הַדָּם, יָכוֹל בַּיָּד? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר אשר בסף (מכילתא):
הַמְּזוּזֹת - Doorposts - These are the uprights of the doorframe, one on one side of the entrance and one on the other.		הַמְּזוּזֹת. הֵם הַזְּקוּפוֹת אַחַת מִכָּאן לַפֶּתַח וְאַחַת מִכָּאן:
הַמַּשְׁקוֹף - The lintel - This is the upper beam, upon which the door strikes when one closes it; “lintel” in Old French (“lintel”). The term שְׁקִיפָה connotes beating, as in קוֹל עָלֶה נִדָּף “the sound of a rustling leaf,” 16 which is translated by Onkelos as קָל טַרְפָּא דְשָׁקִיף, and חַבּוּרָה “bruise” 17 is translated as מַשְׁקוֹפֵי.		הַמַּשְׁקוֹף. הָעֶלְיוֹן שֶׁהַדֶּלֶת שׁוֹקֵף עָלָיו כְּשֶׁסּוֹגְרִין אוֹתוֹ, לינטי"ל בְּלַעַז; וּלְשׁוֹן שְׁקִיפָה חֲבָטָה, כְּמוֹ "קוֹל עָלֶה נִדָּף" (ויקרא כ"ו) – דְשָׁקִיף, חַבּוּרָה – מַשְׁקוֹפֵי:
עַל־הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר־יֹֽאכְלוּ אֹתוֹ בָּהֶֽם - Inside the houses in which they will eat it - and not upon the lintel and doorposts of the doors in a barn for straw or in a cattle shed, in which people do not live and eat.		עַל־הַבָּתִּים אֲשֶׁר־יֹֽאכְלוּ אֹתוֹ בָּהֶֽם. וְלֹא עַל מַשְׁקוֹף וּמְזוּזוֹת שֶׁבְּבֵית הַתֶּבֶן וּבֵית הַבָּקָר, שֶׁאֵין דָּרִין בְּתוֹכוֹ (ע' מכילתא):
8They must eat all the meat on that night. They must eat it roasted over fire, with matzah, and together with bitter herbs.		חוְאָֽכְל֥וּ אֶת־הַבָּשָׂ֖ר בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּ֑ה צְלִי־אֵ֣שׁ וּמַצּ֔וֹת עַל־מְרֹרִ֖ים יֹאכְלֻֽהוּ:
אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר - The meat - but not the sinews and bones.		אֶת־הַבָּשָׂר. וְלֹא גִּידִים וַעֲצָמוֹת (שם):
וּמַצּוֹת עַל־מְרֹרִים - Together with bitter herbs (). Any bitter herb is called מָרוֹר. God commanded them to eat bitter herbs as a reminder of: “They embittered their lives.” 18		וּמַצּוֹת עַל־מְרֹרִים. כָּל עֵשֶׂב מַר נִקְרָא מָרוֹר; וְצִוָּם לֶאֱכֹל מַר זֵכֶר לְ"וַיְמָרְרוּ אֶת חַיֵּיהֶם" (שמות א'):
9Tell them: ‘Do not eat any of it partially roasted or cooked in water or any other liquid, but only fully roasted over fire whole, together with its head, its legs, and its internal organs.		טאַל־תֹּֽאכְל֤וּ מִמֶּ֨נּוּ֙ נָ֔א וּבָשֵׁ֥ל מְבֻשָּׁ֖ל בַּמָּ֑יִם כִּ֣י אִם־צְלִי־אֵ֔שׁ רֹאשׁ֥וֹ עַל־כְּרָעָ֖יו וְעַל־קִרְבּֽוֹ:
אַל־תֹּֽאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא - Do not eat any of it partially roasted (). Meat which is not fully roasted is called נא in Arabic.		אַל־תֹּֽאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ נָא. שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָלוּי כָּל צָרְכּוֹ קוֹרְאוֹ נָא בְלָשׁוֹן עֲרָבִי:
וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל - (lit.) Or cooked in any way. All this is part of the prohibition of “do not eat.”		וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל. כָּל זֶה בְּאַזְהָרַת אל תאכלו:
בַּמָּיִם - In water. And from where do we know that this prohibition applies also to other liquids? Scripture states: וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל, the repeated verb implying: under any circumstances.		בַּמָּיִם. מִנַּיִן לִשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר וּבָשֵׁל מְבֻשָּׁל, מִכָּל מָקוֹם (פסחים מ"א):
כִּי אִם־צְלִי־אֵשׁ - But only roasted. Above, 19 where it also states that the sacrifice was to be eaten roasted, Scripture ordained it in the form of a positive commandment, but here Scripture added to it a negative commandment: “do not eat any of it…but only roasted.”		כִּי אִם־צְלִי־אֵשׁ. לְמַעְלָה גָּזַר עָלָיו בְּמִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה, וְכָאן הוֹסִיף עָלָיו לֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, אל תאכלו ממנו … כי אם צלי אש:
רֹאשׁוֹ עַל־כְּרָעָיו - (lit.) Its head upon its legs - i.e., roast all of it together as one, with its head, its legs, and its internal organs; and also its intestines he put inside it after they have been rinsed. The expression עַל כְּרָעָיו וְעַל קִרְבּוֹ is similar to the expression עַל צִבְאוֹתָם, 20 which is the same in meaning as בְּצִבְאוֹתָם “by their hosts” – i.e., all of them as they are. This, too, means: as it is – its entire flesh whole.		רֹאשׁוֹ עַל־כְּרָעָיו. צוֹלֵהוּ כֻּלּוֹ כְאֶחָד עִם רֹאשׁוֹ וְעִם כְּרָעָיו וְעִם קִרְבּוֹ, וּבְנֵי מֵעָיו נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכוֹ אַחַר הֲדָחָתָן (שם ע"ד); וּלְשׁוֹן על קרבו כִּלְשׁוֹן "עַל צִבְאוֹתָם" (שמות ו'), כְּמוֹ בְּצִבְאוֹתָם – כְּמוֹת שֶׁהֵן, אַף זֶה כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא – כָּל בְּשָׂרוֹ מִשָּׁלֵם:
10You must not leave any of it over until morning. Any of it that is left over until morning, you must burn in fire.		יוְלֹֽא־תוֹתִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֑קֶר וְהַנֹּתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֛נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֖קֶר בָּאֵ֥שׁ תִּשְׂרֹֽפוּ:
וְהַנֹּתָר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּקֶר - Any of it that is left over until morning. Why does Scripture state “until morning” a second time? That one is to add an earlier stage of morning to the stage of morning already mentioned – for “morning” usually means “beginning at sunrise,” so by repeating the word Scripture brings the time forward, implying that it is forbidden to eat it already from dawn. This is according to its straightforward explanation. But there is also another exposition: The repetition teaches us that whatever of the Passover offering is left over is not burned on the festival itself but only on the next day, and this is how you are to explain the verse: and whatever is left over on the first morning, you must wait “until the second morning,” and only then burn it.		וְהַנֹּתָר מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּקֶר. מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר עד בקר פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה? לִתֵּן בֹּקֶר עַל בֹּקֶר, שֶׁהַבֹּקֶר מַשְׁמָעוֹ מִשְּׁעַת הָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, וּבָא הַכָּתוּב לְהַקְדִּים שֶׁאָסוּר בַּאֲכִילָה מֵעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר, זֶהוּ לְפִי מַשְׁמָעוֹ. וְעוֹד מִדְרָשׁ אַחֵר, לִמֵּד שֶׁאֵינוֹ נִשְׂרָף בְּיוֹם טוֹב אֶלָּא מִמָּחֳרָת, וְכָךְ תִּדְרְשֶׁנּוּ: וְהַנּוֹתָר מִמֶּנּוּ בְּבֹקֶר רִאשׁוֹן, עַד בֹּקֶר שֵׁנִי תַעֲמֹד וְתִשְׂרְפֶנּוּ (מכילתא):
11And this is how you must eat it: with your waist belted, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You must eat it in haste. This offering will be known as “the Passover offering to God,” because I will pass over any Israelite firstborn.		יאוְכָ֘כָה֘ תֹּֽאכְל֣וּ אֹתוֹ֒ מָתְנֵיכֶ֣ם חֲגֻרִ֔ים נַֽעֲלֵיכֶם֙ בְּרַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וּמַקֶּלְכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶ֑ם וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתוֹ֙ בְּחִפָּז֔וֹן פֶּ֥סַח ה֖וּא לַיהֹוָֽה:
מָתְנֵיכֶם חֲגֻרִים - Your waist belted - act prepared for travel.		מָתְנֵיכֶם חֲגֻרִים. מְזֻמָּנִים לַדֶּרֶךְ:
בְּחִפָּזוֹן - This is an expression of haste and speed, as in “and David was in a hurry (נֶחְפָּז) to leave,” 21 and “that the Arameans had cast off in their haste (בְּחָפְזָם) to flee.” 22		בְּחִפָּזוֹן. לְשׁוֹן בֶּהָלָה וּמְהִירוּת, כְּמוֹ "וַיְהִי דָּוִד נֶחְפָּז לָלֶכֶת" (שמואל א' כ"ג), "אֲשֶׁר הִשְׁלִיכוּ אֲרָם בְּחָפְזָם" (מלכים ב' ז'):
פֶּסַח הוּא לה' - It is the Passover offering to God. The offering is called Passover (פֶּסַח) because of the skipping and passing over (פְּסִיחָה), for the Holy One, blessed be He, skipped over the houses of the Israelites that were among the houses of the Egyptians, and He jumped from Egyptian to Egyptian while an Israelite in the middle was spared harm. So you, too, perform each component of the Passover offering service in honor of God, like one “springing and jumping,” as a reminder of its name that it is called פֶּסַח “the Passover offering.” And also “pasche,” the Old French word for the Passover festival, means “stepping over.”		פֶּסַח הוּא לה'. הַקָּרְבָּן קָרוּי פסח עַל שֵׁם הַדִּלּוּג וְהַפְּסִיחָה, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הָיָה מְדַלֵּג בָּתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִבֵּין בָּתֵּי מִצְרַיִם וְקוֹפֵץ מִמִּצְרִי לְמִצְרִי וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶמְצָעִי נִמְלָט; וְאַתֶּם עֲשׂוּ כָל עֲבוֹדוֹתָיו לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם, דֶּרֶךְ דִּלּוּג וּקְפִיצָה, זֵכֶר לִשְׁמוֹ שֶׁקָּרוּי פסח; וְגַם פשק"א לְשׁוֹן פְּסִיעָה:
12I will pass through Egypt on that night and I will strike down every firstborn in Egypt, whether man or beast. Upon all the gods of Egypt I will mete out chastisements. I, God, will do this.		יבוְעָֽבַרְתִּ֣י בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֘יִם֘ בַּלַּ֣יְלָה הַזֶּה֒ וְהִכֵּיתִ֤י כָל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵֽאָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֑ה וּבְכָל־אֱלֹהֵ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה שְׁפָטִ֖ים אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה:
וְעָֽבַרְתִּי - I will pass - like a king passing from place to place to redeem the Israelites, and in the course of this one passing and in one moment all the firstborn will be smitten.		וְעָֽבַרְתִּי. כְּמֶלֶךְ הָעוֹבֵר מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם (מכילתא), וּבְהַעֲבָרָה אַחַת וּבְרֶגַע אֶחָד כֻּלָּן לוֹקִים:
כָל־בְּכוֹר בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם - Every firstborn in Egypt - even the firstborn of other nations who were then in Egypt. And from where do we know that also the Egyptian firstborn who were in other places were smitten? Scripture states: “To the One who smote the Egyptians through their firstborn.” 23		כָל־בְּכוֹר בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם. אַף בְּכוֹרוֹת אֲחֵרִים וְהֵם בְּמִצְרַיִם. וּמִנַּיִן אַף בְּכוֹרֵי מִצְרַיִם שֶׁבִּמְקוֹמוֹת אֲחֵרִים? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "לְמַכֵּה מִצְרַיִם בִּבְכוֹרֵיהֶם" (תהלים קל"ו):
מֵֽאָדָם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָה - (lit.) From man to beast. With the one who started the sin began the punishment.		מֵֽאָדָם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָה. מִי שֶׁהִתְחִיל בַּעֲבֵרָה מִמֶּנּוּ מַתְחֶלֶת הַפֻּרְעָנוּת (מכילתא):
וּבְכָל־אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם - Upon all the gods of Egypt. Those of wood rotted, and those of metal dissolved and melted onto the ground.		וּבְכָל־אֱלֹהֵי מִצְרַיִם. שֶׁל עֵץ נִרְקֶבֶת וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת נִמְסֵת וְנִתֶּכֶת לָאָרֶץ (שם):
אֶֽעֱשֶׂה שְׁפָטִים אֲנִי ה' - I will mete out chastisements; I, God - i.e., I Myself, and not through an emissary.		אֶֽעֱשֶׂה שְׁפָטִים אֲנִי ה'. אֲנִי בְעַצְמִי, וְלֹא עַל יְדֵי שָׁלִיחַ:
13The blood will serve you as a sign on the houses in which you are: I will see the blood and I will mercifully pass over you, and there will be no destructive plague among you when I strike Egypt.		יגוְהָיָה֩ הַדָּ֨ם לָכֶ֜ם לְאֹ֗ת עַ֤ל הַבָּתִּים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם שָׁ֔ם וְרָאִ֨יתִי֙ אֶת־הַדָּ֔ם וּפָֽסַחְתִּ֖י עֲלֵכֶ֑ם וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֨ה בָכֶ֥ם נֶ֨גֶף֙ לְמַשְׁחִ֔ית בְּהַכֹּתִ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם:
וְהָיָה הַדָּם לָכֶם לְאֹת - The blood will serve you as a sign. It will act as a sign for you, but not as a sign for others. From here we may infer that the Israelites placed the blood only on the inside of the doorposts.		וְהָיָה הַדָּם לָכֶם לְאֹת. לָכֶם לְאוֹת וְלֹא לַאֲחֵרִים לְאוֹת (שם). מִכָּאן שֶׁלֹּא נָתְנוּ הַדָּם אֶלָּא מִבִּפְנִים:
וְרָאִיתִי אֶת־הַדָּם - I will see the blood. Everything is revealed to Him, so why does the Torah imply that He needed to look at the blood? Rather, this is what the Holy One, blessed be He, said: I will turn My attention to observe that you are occupied with My command, and then I will pass over you.		וְרָאִיתִי אֶת־הַדָּם. הַכֹּל גָּלוּי לְפָנָיו, אֶלָּא אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, נוֹתֵן אֲנִי אֶת עֵינַי לִרְאוֹת שֶׁאַתֶּם עֲסוּקִים בְּמִצְווֹתַי, וּפוֹסֵחַ אֲנִי עֲלֵיכֶם (שם):
וּפָֽסַחְתִּי - Some say that its meaning is: “I will have pity,” and a similar example of this verb in this sense is: פָּסוֹחַ וְהִמְלִיט “having pity and delivering.” 24 But I say that every form of פְּסִיחָה means “skipping over and leaping.” Thus וּפָסַחְתִּי denotes that God was skipping from the Israelite houses to the Egyptian houses, for they were dwelling amongst one another. Similarly פֹּסְחִים עַל שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים “(lit.) leaping upon (i.e., vacillating between) the two opinions,” 25 and likewise all פִּסְחִים (lame people) are so called because they walk as if they are springing; and similarly פָּסוֹחַ וְהִמְלִיט means “He skips over him and lets him escape amidst those being slain.”		וּפָֽסַחְתִּי. וְחָמַלְתִּי, וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ "פָּסֹחַ וְהִמְלִיט" (ישעיהו ל"א). וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר, כָּל פְּסִיחָה לְשׁוֹן דִּלּוּג וּקְפִיצָה. ופסחתי, מְדַלֵּג הָיָה מִבָּתֵּי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְבָתֵּי מִצְרִיִּים, שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁרוּיִים זֶה בְּתוֹךְ זֶה, וְכֵן "פּוֹסְחִים עַל שְׁתֵּי הַסְּעִפִּים" (מלכים א י"ח), וְכֵן כָּל הַפִּסְּחִים – הוֹלְכִים כְּקוֹפְצִים, וְכֵן "פָּסֹחַ וְהִמְלִיט" – מְדַלְּגוֹ וּמְמַלְּטוֹ מִבֵּין הַמּוּמָתִים:
וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף - And there will be no destructive plague among you - but there will be among the Egyptians. Now if an Egyptian were in the house of an Israelite, I might have thought he would be saved. Scripture therefore states: “there will be no destructive plague among you,” but there will be with an Egyptian who is in your house. And if an Israelite were in the house of a Egyptian, I may have understood that he would be smitten like the Egyptian, so Scripture states: “there will be no destructive plague among you” wherever you may be.		וְלֹא־יִֽהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף. אֲבָל הוֶֹה הוּא בַּמִּצְרִים. הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה מִצְרִי בְּבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, יָכוֹל יִמָּלֵט? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "וְלֹא יִהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף", אֲבָל הֹוֶה בַּמִּצְרִים שֶׁבְּבָתֵּיכֶם. הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל מִצְרִי, שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי יִלְקֶה כְמוֹתוֹ, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "וְלֹא יִהְיֶה בָכֶם נֶגֶף" (מכילתא):
14This day, 15 Nisan, will become a day of remembrance for you, and you must celebrate it as a festival to God; once you enter the Promised Land you must celebrate it as an everlasting statute throughout all your generations, as follows:		ידוְהָיָה֩ הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ לְזִכָּר֔וֹן וְחַגֹּתֶ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ חַ֣ג לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם תְּחָגֻּֽהוּ:
לְזִכָּרוֹן - A remembrance - for future generations.		לְזִכָּרוֹן. לְדוֹרוֹת:
וְחַגֹּתֶם אֹתוֹ - And you must celebrate it - i.e., that day which will be for you as a remembrance, you must celebrate. But we have not yet heard which day is the day of remembrance. Scripture therefore states: “Remember this day, on which you went out of Egypt.” 26 This teaches us that the day of their leaving Egypt is to be the day of remembrance. And on which day did they leave? Scripture states: “On the day following the Passover sacrifice the Israelites left.” 27 We may thus say that the 15th of Nisan is to be a festival day, for on the night of the 15th they ate the Passover offering, and the following morning, the day of the 15th, they left Egypt.		וְחַגֹּתֶם אֹתוֹ. יוֹם שֶׁהוּא לְךָ לְזִכָּרוֹן אַתָּה חוֹגְגוֹ. וַעֲדַיִן לֹא שָׁמַעְנוּ אֵיזֶהוּ יוֹם הַזִּכָּרוֹן, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "זָכוֹר אֶת הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר יְצָאתֶם" (שמות י"ג), לִמְּדָנוּ, שֶׁיּוֹם הַיְצִיאָה הוּא יוֹם שֶׁל זִכָּרוֹן. וְאֵי זֶה יוֹם יָצְאוּ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "מִמָּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח יָצְאוּ" (במדבר ל"ג), הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר יוֹם חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּנִיסָן הוּא שֶׁל יוֹם טוֹב, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֵיל חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָֹר אָכְלוּ אֶת הַפֶּסַח וְלַבֹּקֶר יָצְאוּ (מכילתא):
לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם וגו' - Throughout your generations. From this word alone I may have understood that it means only a minimum number of generations, i.e., two. Scripture therefore states: “You must celebrate it as an everlasting rule.”		לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם וגו'. שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי מִעוּט דּוֹרוֹת שְׁנַיִם, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "חֻקַּת עוֹלָם תְּחָגֻּהוּ" (שם):
15For seven days you must eat matzos. But on the previous day, you must clear your houses of leavening agents, for the soul of anyone who eats leavened food from the first day until the seventh day will be cut off from Israel—he will die prematurely and childless.		טושִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ מַצּ֣וֹת תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אַ֚ךְ בַּיּ֣וֹם הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן תַּשְׁבִּ֥יתוּ שְּׂאֹ֖ר מִבָּֽתֵּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י \| כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל חָמֵ֗ץ וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַהִוא֙ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִיּ֥וֹם הָֽרִאשֹׁ֖ן עַד־י֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִעִֽי:
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים - means: a “seteyne” (group of seven) of days.		שִׁבְעַת יָמִים. שטיינ"א שֶׁל יָמִים:
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים מַצּוֹת תֹּאכֵלוּ - For seven days you must eat matzos - but in another place it says: “for six days you must eat matzos.” 28 This teaches us about the seventh day of Passover that there is no obligation to eat matzah on that day, as long as one does not eat chametz. And from where do we know that eating matzah on the other six days is also voluntary? Scripture states: “for six days” – for this is a rule by which the Torah is expounded: Something that was included in a general law, and was then singled out from the general law to teach us something about this singled out item, was not singled out to teach us that thing only about itself, but was singled out to teach us that thing regarding the entire general law. Thus, just as we have ascertained that on the seventh day eating matzah is voluntary, so too, eating matzah on the other six days is voluntary. I might now think that eating matzah on the first night is also voluntary. Scripture therefore states: “on the night following the 14th day of the month you must eat matzos.” 29 Scripture thus established it as an obligation to eat matzah on that night.		שִׁבְעַת יָמִים מַצּוֹת תֹּאכֵלוּ. וּבְמָקוֹם אַחֵר הוּא אוֹמֵר "שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תֹּאכַל מַצּוֹת" (דברים ט"ז) לִמֵּד עַל שְׁבִיעִי שֶׁל פֶּסַח שֶׁאֵינוֹ חוֹבָה לֶאֱכֹל מַצָּה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יֹאכַל חָמֵץ; מִנַּיִן אַף שִׁשָּׁה רְשׁוּת? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים". זוֹ מִדָּה בַתּוֹרָה, דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל וְיָצָא מִן הַכְּלָל לְלַמֵּד, לֹא לְלַמֵּד עַל עַצְמוֹ בִּלְבַד יָצָא, אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ יָצָא, מַה שְּׁבִיעִי רְשׁוּת אַף שִׁשָּׁה רְשׁוּת; יָכוֹל אַף הַלַּיְלָה הָרִאשׁוֹן רְשׁוּת, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "בָּעֶרֶב תֹּאכְלוּ מַצֹּת" – הַכָּתוּב קְבָעוֹ חוֹבָה (פסחים ק"כ):
אַךְ בַּיּוֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שאור - But on (lit.) the first day you must clear…leavening agents. i.e., on the day before the festival. It is called רִאשׁוֹן because it comes directly before the seven days of the festival, and we find that something preceding another thing is termed רִאשׁוֹן relative to it, as in הֲרִאשׁוֹן אָדָם תִּוָּלֵד, 30 which means “were you born before Adam?” Or perhaps it means none other than the first of the seven days? Scripture states in another place: “You must not slaughter My Passover blood-sacrifice (lit.) upon chametz,” 31 i.e., you must not slaughter the Passover sacrifice while chametz of yours is still in existence.		אַךְ בַּיּוֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן תַּשְׁבִּיתוּ שאור. מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, וְקָרוּי רִאשׁוֹן לְפִי שֶׁהוּא לִפְנֵי הַשִּׁבְעָה; וּמָצִינוּ מֻקְדָּם קָרוּי רִאשׁוֹן, "הֲרִאישׁוֹן אָדָם תִּוָּלֵד" (איוב ט"ו) – הֲלִפְנֵי אָדָם נוֹלַדְתָּ; אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל שִׁבְעָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "לֹא תִשְׁחַט עַל חָמֵץ וְגוֹ'" (שמות ל"ד) – לֹא תִשְׁחַט הַפֶּסַח וַעֲדַיִן חָמֵץ קַיָּם (פסחים ה'):
הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא - (lit.) That soul - i.e., when the soul that eats chametz is in its full state of being and mind. It thus excludes one who was coerced into eating it.		הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא. כְּשֶׁהִיא בְנַפְשָׁהּ וּבְדַעְתָּהּ – פְּרָט לְאָנוּס (מכילתא):
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל - From Israel. From this verse alone, I might understand that the person who eats chametz will be cut off only from Israel, but he may go and join another nation. Scripture therefore states in another place: “that person will be cut off from before Me” 32 – in every place that is My domain.		מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל. שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי תִּכָּרֵת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְתֵלֶךְ לָהּ לְעַם אַחֵר, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר "מִלְּפָנַי" (ויקרא כ"ב) – בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּתִי:
16You must celebrate the first day of these seven as a holy occasion and the seventh day as a holy occasion, on which no work may be done. The only exception to this is work that is required to be done to prepare any person or animal’s food—that alone may be done for you.		טזוּבַיּ֤וֹם הָֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹא־יֵֽעָשֶׂ֣ה בָהֶ֔ם אַ֚ךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵֽאָכֵ֣ל לְכָל־נֶ֔פֶשׁ ה֥וּא לְבַדּ֖וֹ יֵֽעָשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם:
מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ - (lit.) A proclamation of holiness. The word מִקְרָא is a noun; i.e., proclaim it as a day of holiness for distinctive eating, drinking, and clothing.		מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ. מקרא שֵׁם דָּבָר; קְרָא אוֹתוֹ קדש לַאֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה וּכְסוּת (מכילתא):
לֹא־יֵֽעָשֶׂה בָהֶם - On which no [work] may be done - even by others.		לֹא־יֵֽעָשֶׂה בָהֶם. אֲפִלּוּ עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים (שם):
הוּא לְבַדּוֹ - That alone - i.e., only that which is required to prepare food may be done, but not any food preparations that could effectively be done on the day before the festival.		הוּא לְבַדּוֹ. "הוּא" וְלֹא מַכְשִׁירָיו שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָן מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב (ביצה כ"ח):
לְכָל־נֶפֶשׁ - (lit.) For any soul - even for an animal. I might have thought that one may also prepare food for non-Jews. Scripture therefore states: “for you” (another reading: “only,” denoting a limitation).		לְכָל־נֶפֶשׁ. אֲפִלּוּ לִבְהֵמָה; יָכוֹל אַף לַגּוֹיִם, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר לָכֶם (מכילתא):
17You must be vigilant regarding the matzos that they not rise. For on this very day I will have brought your hosts out of Egypt. You must observe this day throughout all your generations as an everlasting rule.		יזוּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֘ אֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת֒ כִּ֗י בְּעֶ֨צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה הוֹצֵ֥אתִי אֶת־צִבְאֽוֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֞ם אֶת־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָֽם:
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת - You must be vigilant regarding the matzos - so that they do not rise. From here our rabbis said: If the dough began to swell, it should be smoothed over with cold water to halt its leavening. Rabbi Yoshiyah says: Do not read the words of the verse as אֶת הַמַּצּוֹת “the matzos,” but as אֶת הַמִּצְוֹת “the commandments”; just as one may not let the matzah rise by leaving the dough unattended, so may one not let a mitzvah “go sour” by delaying it. Rather, if a mitzvah presents itself to you, perform it right away.		וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַמַּצּוֹת. שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹאוּ לִידֵי חִמּוּץ; מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ תָּפַח תִּלְטֹשׁ בְּצוֹנֵן, רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה אוֹמֵר אַל תְּהִי קוֹרֵא אֶת הַמַּצּוֹת, אֶלָּא אֶת הַמִּצְווֹת – כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאֵין מַחֲמִיצִין אֶת הַמַּצָּה, כָּךְ אֵין מַחֲמִיצִין אֶת הַמִּצְוָה, אֶלָּא אִם בָּאָה לְיָדְךָ, עֲשֵׂה אוֹתָהּ מִיָּד (שם):
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה - You must observe this day - by desisting from work –		וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם אֶת־הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה. מִמְּלָאכָה:
לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָֽם - Throughout your generations as an everlasting rule. Since the words “for your generations” and “as an everlasting rule” mentioned previously 33 were not referring to the restriction against work but only to the celebration of the festival, Scripture repeats them again here, so that you not say that the prohibition of “no work may be done on these days” 34 was not said for all generations but only for that generation.		לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָֽם. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר דורות וְחקת עולם עַל הַמְּלָאכָה אֶלָּא עַל הַחֲגִיגָה, לְכָךְ חָזַר וּשְׁנָאוֹ כָּאן, שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר אַזְהָרַת כל מלאכה לא יעשה לֹא לְדוֹרוֹת נֶאֶמְרָה אֶלָּא לְאוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר:
18In the first month, on the night following the 14th day of the month, you must eat matzos, until the night of the 21st day of the month.		יחבָּֽרִאשֹׁ֡ן בְּאַרְבָּעָה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֤וֹם לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב תֹּֽאכְל֖וּ מַצֹּ֑ת עַ֠ד י֣וֹם הָֽאֶחָ֧ד וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בָּעָֽרֶב:
עַד יוֹם הָֽאֶחָד וְעֶשְׂרִים - Until the 21st day. Why is this stated? Does it not already say: “For seven days you must eat matzos”? 35 The answer is: Since there it says: “days,” from where do I know that nights are also included? Scripture therefore states: “until the 21st day….”		עַד יוֹם הָֽאֶחָד וְעֶשְׂרִים. לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר "שִׁבְעַת יָמִים"? לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר יָמִים, לֵילוֹת מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר עד יום האחד ועשרים וגו' (מכילתא):
19For seven days no leavening agents may be found in your homes, for the soul of anyone who eats leavening agents will be cut off from the community of Israel—he will die prematurely and childless—whether he be a convert or a native citizen.		יטשִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים שְׂאֹ֕ר לֹ֥א יִמָּצֵ֖א בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י \| כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל מַחְמֶ֗צֶת וְנִכְרְתָ֞ה הַנֶּ֤פֶשׁ הַהִוא֙ מֵֽעֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּגֵּ֖ר וּבְאֶזְרַ֥ח הָאָֽרֶץ:
לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם - No [leavening agents] may be found in your homes. And from where do I know that this applies also to other areas of one’s domain? Scripture therefore states: “throughout your domain.” 36 If so, why does Scripture state “in your homes”? In order to tell us that just as your home is under your authority, so, too, “your domain” denotes only that which is under your authority. Thus excluded is the chametz of a non-Jew that was deposited with an Israelite but for which the Israelite accepted no responsibility.		לֹא יִמָּצֵא בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם. מִנַּיִן לַגְּבוּלִין? תַּלְמוּד לֹוֹמַר "בְּכָל גְּבוּלֶךָ" (שמות י"ג); מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר בְּבָתֵּיכֶם? מַה בֵּיתְךָ בִּרְשׁוּתְךָ, אַף גְּבוּלְךָ שֶׁבִּרְשׁוּתְךָ, יָצָא חֲמֵצוֹ שֶׁל נָכְרִי שֶׁהוּא אֵצֶל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא קִבֵּל עָלָיו אַחֲרָיוּת (מכילתא):
כִּי כָּל־אֹכֵל מַחְמֶצֶת - For anyone who eats leavening agents. This statement is written to impose the punishment of excision for eating sourdough, a form of leaven. But did Scripture not already specify this punishment for eating chametz? Rather, the Torah repeats it here so that you not say: Regarding chametz, which is fit to eat, the Torah imposed this punishment for eating it, but for eating sourdough, which is not fit to eat, punishment is not imposed. And if, conversely, Scripture had specified the punishment for eating sourdough but not specified the punishment for eating chametz, I might say: The Torah imposed this punishment for eating sourdough because it leavens other foods, but for eating chametz, which does not leaven other foods, punishment is not imposed. Therefore, both are stated explicitly.		כִּי כָּל־אֹכֵל מַחְמֶצֶת. לַעֲנֹשׁ כָּרֵת עַל הַשְּׂאוֹר, וַהֲלֹא כְבָר עָנַשׁ עַל הֶחָמֵץ? אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא תֹאמַר חָמֵץ שֶׁרָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה עָנַשׁ עָלָיו, שְׂאוֹר שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לַאֲכִילָה לֹא יֵעָנֵשׁ עָלָיו; וְאִם עָנַשׁ עַל הַשְּׂאוֹר וְלֹא עָנַשׁ עַל הֶחָמֵץ, הָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר, שְׂאוֹר שֶׁהוּא מְחַמֵּץ אֲחֵרִים עָנַשׁ עָלָיו, חָמֵץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחַמֵּץ אֲחֵרִים לֹא יֵעָנשׁ עָלָיו, לְכָךְ נֶאֶמְרוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם (מכילתא):
בַּגֵּר וּבְאֶזְרַח הָאָֽרֶץ - Whether he be a convert or a native of the land. Since the miracle of the Exodus happened to the Israelites, it was necessary to specifically include converts in this prohibition.		בַּגֵּר וּבְאֶזְרַח הָאָֽרֶץ. לְפִי שֶׁהַנֵּס נַעֲשָׂה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, הֻצְרַךְ לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַגֵּרִים (שם):
20You must not eat any leavening agent; you must eat matzos wherever you live.’”		ככָּל־מַחְמֶ֖צֶת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ בְּכֹל֙ מֽוֹשְׁבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תֹּֽאכְל֖וּ מַצּֽוֹת:
מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ - You must not eat any leavening agent. This is the prohibition of eating sourdough.		מַחְמֶצֶת לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ. אַזְהָרָה עַל אֲכִילַת שְׂאוֹר:
כָּל־מַחְמֶצֶת - Any leavening agent. The word “any” is added to include eating a mixture of leaven with other food.		כָּל־מַחְמֶצֶת. לְהָבִיא אֶת תַּעֲרָבְתּוֹ:
בְּכֹל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תֹאכֵלוּ מַצּֽוֹת - You must eat matzos wherever you live. This comes to teach us that the matzos one is obligated to eat must be fit to be eaten “wherever you live.” It thus excludes matzos made from the second tithe and the matzah loaves of the thanksgiving-offering, which may be eaten only in Jerusalem.		בְּכֹל מֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם תֹאכֵלוּ מַצּֽוֹת. זֶה בָא לְלַמֵּד שֶׁתְּהֵא רְאוּיָה לְהֵאָכֵל בְּכָל מוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם, פְּרָט לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְחַלּוֹת תּוֹדָה (מכילתא):

Footnotes

Pesachim 64a.

2 Kings 7:15.

1 Kings 18:21.

Haftarah

Yechezkel (Ezekiel) Chapter 45

18So says the Lord God: In the first month, on the first of the month, you shall take a young bull without blemish, and you shall purify the sanctuary.		יחכֹּֽה־אָמַר֘ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִה֒ בָּֽרִאשׁוֹן֙ בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ תִּקַּ֥ח פַּר־בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר תָּמִ֑ים וְחִטֵּאתָ֖ אֶת־הַמִּקְדָּֽשׁ:
So says the Lord God: In the first month, on the first of the month, you shall take a young bull [and] without blemish. This is the bull of investiture mentioned at the beginning of this section (43:18-27), and he teaches [us] here that the investiture should be on the first of Nissan.		כה אמר אד'. אלהים בראשון באחד לחדש תקח פר בן בקר תמים. הוא פר המלואים האמור בראש הענין ולימד כאן שיהיו המלואים בא' בניסן:
and you shall purify. [as translated,] and you shall purify.		וחטאת. וטהרת:
19And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin-offering and put it on the doorpost of the House, and on the four corners of the ledge of the altar and on the doorpost of the gate of the Inner Court.		יטוְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֣ם הַֽחַטָּ֗את וְנָתַן֙ אֶל־מְזוּזַ֣ת הַבַּ֔יִת וְאֶל־אַרְבַּ֛ע פִּנּ֥וֹת הָֽעֲזָרָ֖ה לַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְעַ֨ל־מְזוּזַ֔ת שַׁ֖עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֥ר הַפְּנִימִֽית:
20And so shall you do on seven [days] in the month, because of mistaken and simple-minded men, and expiate the House.		כוְכֵ֚ן תַּֽעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּשִׁבְעָ֣ה בַחֹ֔דֶשׁ מֵאִ֥ישׁ שֹׁגֶ֖ה וּמִפֶּ֑תִי וְכִפַּרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת:
And so shall you do on seven [days] in the month. It may be said that [this means]: And so shall you do all seven, and so too he says above (43:26): “For seven days they shall effect atonement for the altar.” But our Rabbis explained it in Menahoth (45a) in the following manner: And so shall you make [as a sacrifice] a bull that is not to be eaten in [the event of] “seven” tribes who “interpreted the Torah in a new way (שֶּׁחְדֹּשּׁוּ)” and whose tribunal issued a decision that fat is permissible, and seven tribes, (which are the majority of the nation), who acted on their word. They must bring a bull for communal error.		וכן תעשה בשבעה בחודש. יש לומר וכן תעשה כל שבעה וכן הוא אומר למעלה שבעת ימים יכפרו על המזבח ורבותינו כך פרשוהו במנחות וכן תעשה פר שאינו נאכל בשבעה שבטים שחדשו דבר והורו ב"ד שלהן שחלב מותר ועשו שבעה שבטים שהם רוב צבור על פיהם שמביאין פר העלם דבר:
because of mistaken and simple-minded men. This is a transposed verse: And you shall expiate the House from mistaken and simple-minded men. After the seven days of investiture, whenceforth the altar will be dedicated, they shall bring their sin-offerings and their guilt-offerings, and they will attain atonement, for at the time that Israel attains atonement, the House attains atonement.		מאיש שוגה ומפתי וגו'. הרי זה מקרא מסורס וכפרתם את הבית מאיש שוגה ומפתי אחר שבעת ימי המלואים שיהא המזבח מחונך יביאו חטאותם ואשמותם ויתכפרו שבזמן שישראל מכופרים הבית מכופר:
21In the first, on the fourteenth day of the month, shall you have the Passover, a festival of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten.		כאבָּֽ֠רִאשׁוֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֔דֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם הַפָּ֑סַח חָ֕ג שְׁבֻע֣וֹת יָמִ֔ים מַצּ֖וֹת יֵֽאָכֵֽל:
seven days. [Lit. weeks of days,] because they commence from it to count seven weeks.		שבועות ימים. על שם שמתחילין ממנו לספור שבעה שבועות, מצאתי:
unleavened bread shall be eaten. and unleavened bread shall be eaten on that festival.		מצות יאכל. מצות יאכלו בו בחג:
22And the prince shall make on that day for himself and for all the people of Israel a bull for a sin-offering.		כבוְעָשָׂ֚ה הַנָּשִׂיא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא בַּֽעֲד֕וֹ וּבְעַ֖ד כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ פַּ֖ר חַטָּֽאת:
And the prince shall make on that day, etc.. Our Rabbis (Hag. 13a) said that they sought to suppress the Book of Ezekiel for his words contradicted the words of the Torah. Indeed, Hananiah the son of Hezekiah the son of Gurion is remembered for good, for he sat in his attic and expounded on it. But because of our iniquities, what he expounded on these sacrifices why a bull is brought on the fourteenth day of Nissan has been lost to us. I say that perhaps he is dealing with the fourteenth of Nissan of the first Passover in which the fully erected House will be dedicated, and this bull will be brought in lieu of the calf born of cattle that Aaron offered up on the eighth of investiture (Lev. 9:2). [Scripture] tells us that if he will not have offered it up on the eighth day of investiture, he should offer it up on the fourteenth of Nissan in order that he should be initiated for the service before the Festival, for it is incumbent upon him [to bring] the sacrifices and the burnt offering of the appointed time, as is stated above (v. 17): “And the burnt offerings and the meal-offerings and the libations on the festivals… shall devolve on the prince, etc.”		ועשה הנשיא ביום ההוא וגו'. רבותינו אמרו שבקשו לגנוז ספר יחזקאל שהיו דבריו סותרין דברי תורה ברם זכור לטוב חנניה בן חזקיהו בן גרון שישב בעליה ודרשו ובעונינו נעלם ממנו מה שדרש בקרבנות האל' פר בארבעה עשר בניסן למה, ואומר אני שמא בי"ד בניסן של פסח ראשון שנתחנך בו הבית עומד ופר זה בא תחת עגל בן בקר שהקריב אהרן בשמיני למלואי' ומגיד שאם לא הקריבו בשמיני למלואים יקריבנו בי"ד בניסן כדי שיתחנך לעבודה קודם י"ט לפי שעליו קרבנות ועולת המועד לעשות כמו שאמור למעלה ועל הנשיא יהיה העולות והמנחה והנסך בחגים וגו':
23On the seven days of the Festival he shall make a burnt-offering to the Lord, seven bulls and seven rams without blemish daily for seven days, and a sin offering, a he-goat daily.		כגוְשִׁבְעַ֨ת יְמֵֽי־הֶחָ֜ג יַֽעֲשֶׂ֧ה עוֹלָ֣ה לַֽיהֹוָ֗ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת פָּ֠רִים וְשִׁבְעַ֨ת אֵילִ֚ים תְּמִימִם֙ לַיּ֔וֹם שִׁבְעַ֖ת הַיָּמִ֑ים וְחַטָּ֕את שְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים לַיּֽוֹם:
seven bulls and seven rams without blemish daily. But the Torah states (Num. 28: 19): “two young bulls, one ram.” We can explain this verse only as meaning seven bulls and seven rams for the seven days, a bull daily and a ram daily, and it comes to teach us that the bulls do not render each other invalid and the rams do not render each other invalid. [I.e., if one bull is missing, the other one may be brought.] So we learned in Menahoth (45a); however, they did not bring proof from this verse but from the verse below (46:6): “But on the New Moon: a young bull from those without blemish, and six lambs and a ram.” But perhaps this too comes to teach the same thing, and this is its meaning: seven bulls and seven rams daily. By adding the sacrifices of each day on its day, they add up to seven bulls for the seven days.		שבעת פרים ושבעת אילים תמימים ליום. והתורה אמרה פרים בני בקר שנים ואיל אחד אין לי להעמיד מקרא זה אלא שבעה פרים וז' אילים לשבעת הימים פר ליום ואיל ליום ובא ללמד שאין הפרי' מעכבין זה את זה ולא האילים מעכבין זה את זה וכן שנינו במנחות אך לא הביאו מן המקרא הזה ראיה אלא ממקרא שנאמר למטה (מו) וביום החדש פר בן בקר תמימים וששת כבשים ואיל ושמא אף זה בא ללמד כן וכן פירושו שבעה פרים ושבעה אילים ליום צרוף דבר יום ביומו עולים שבעה פרים לשבעת ימים:
and a sin-offering, a he-goat daily. the he-goats of the pilgrimage festivals.		וחטאת שעיר עזים ליום. שעירי הרגלים:
24And a meal-offering, he shall make an ephah for a bull and an ephah for a ram, and for each ephah one hin of oil.		כדוּמִנְחָ֗ה אֵיפָ֥ה לַפָּ֛ר וְאֵיפָ֥ה לָאַ֖יִל יַֽעֲשֶׂ֑ה וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָֽאֵיפָֽה:
And a meal-offering… an ephah for a bull. the meal-offering of the libations, an “ephah” for a bull. Now I do not know what this means, for the Torah stated (28:20): “three tenths for the bull.” It is possible that it means an “ephah” of flour from which we extract a tenth of fine flour from a “se’ah,” for the “ephah” is three “se’ahs.”		ומנחה איפה לפר. מנחת הנסכים איפה לפר איני יודע מה הוא שהרי אמר' תורה שלשה עשרונים וי"ל איפת קמח להוציא סולת עשרון מן הסאה שהאיפה שלש סאין. ואיפה לפר. למדך שאם לא מצא סולת מנופה כל כך יביא משל עשרון לסאה:
and an ephah for a ram. This too is flour from which we extract two tenths of fine flour sifted thoroughly, as we learned (Men. 6:6): The two loaves were two tenths from three “se’ahs.” [The requirement of] an “ephah” for the bull teaches that if he did not find fine sifted flour that yielded that much, he may bring from [flour that yields] a tenth to a “se’ah.”		ואיפה לאיל. אף זו קמח להוציא ממנה ב' עשרונים סולת מנופה כל צרכה כמו ששנינו ב' הלחם שתי עשרונים משלש סאין:
and for each ephah one hin of oil. I do not know why. We may say that it does not mean that he must sacrifice the entire “hin,” but that there were notches in the “hin” and he would sacrifice oil according to the fine flour, according to the sacrificial laws for a bull according to its requirement and for a ram according to its requirement, according to the notches of the “hin”.		הין לאיפה. לא ידעתי למה ויש לומר לא שיקריב ההין כולו אלא שנתות היו בהין ויקריב שמן לפי הסולת כמשפט הזבח לפר כמשפטו ולאיל כמשפטו לפי שנתות של הין:
25In the seventh [month] on the fifteenth day of the month on the Festival, he shall do the same for seven days, a similar sin offering, a similar burnt-offering, a similar meal-offering and similar oil.		כהבַּשְּׁבִיעִ֡י בַּֽחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֚וֹם לַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ בֶּחָ֔ג יַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה כָאֵ֖לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת הַיָּמִ֑ים כַּֽחַטָּאת֙ כָּֽעֹלָ֔ה וְכַמִּנְחָ֖ה וְכַשָּֽׁמֶן:

Yechezkel (Ezekiel) Chapter 46

1So says the Lord God: The gate of the Inner Court that faces toward the east shall remain closed the six working days, but on the Sabbath it shall be opened, and on the New Moon it shall be opened.		אכֹּֽה־אָמַר֘ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִה֒ שַׁ֜עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֚ר הַפְּנִימִית֙ הַפֹּנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ים יִֽהְיֶ֣ה סָג֔וּר שֵׁ֖שֶׁת יְמֵ֣י הַמַּֽעֲשֶׂ֑ה וּבְי֚וֹם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ יִפָּתֵ֔חַ וּבְי֥וֹם הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ יִפָּתֵֽחַ:
The gate of the Inner Court that faces toward the east, etc.. Our Rabbis learned in Tractate Middoth (4:2): The gate of the Heichal had two wickets, one in the south and one in the north. Concerning the one in the south it is explained in the post Mosaic Scriptures (above 44:2): “and no man shall come through it… and it shall be closed.”		שער החצר הפנימית הפונה קדים וגו'. שנו רבותינו במסכת מדות שני פשפשין היו לו לשער ההיכל אחד בדרום ואחד בצפון שבדרום עליו מפורש בקבלה (לעיל מ"ד) איש לא יבא בו והיה סגור:
2And the prince shall enter by way of the vestibule of the gate without, and he shall stand at the doorpost of the gate, and the priests shall offer his burnt-offering and his peace-offering, and he shall prostrate himself at the threshold of the gate, and go out, but the gate shall not be closed until the evening.		בוּבָ֣א הַנָּשִׂ֡יא דֶּרֶךְ֩ אוּלָ֨ם הַשַּׁ֜עַר מִח֗וּץ וְעָמַד֙ עַל־מְזוּזַ֣ת הַשַּׁ֔עַר וְעָשׂ֣וּ הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֗ים אֶת־עֽוֹלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמָ֔יו וְהִֽשְׁתַּֽחֲוָ֛ה עַל־מִפְתַּ֥ן הַשַּׁ֖עַר וְיָצָ֑א וְהַשַּׁ֥עַר לֹֽא־יִסָּגֵ֖ר עַד־הָעָֽרֶב:
by way of the vestibule of the gate without. as he states above (40:31): “And its halls were to the Outer Court.” By way of the vestibule of the Gate of the Court, i.e., he shall enter by way of the Eastern Gate, which serves for entry and exit, and come to that wicket.		דרך אולם השער מחוץ. כמו שאמור למעל' ואילמיו אל החצר החיצונה דרך אולם השער של עזרה כלומר יכנס בדרך שער מזרחי שהוא משמש כניסה ויציאה ובא לו לאותו הפשפש:
and he shall stand at the doorpost of the gate. That small gate is the wicket.		ועמד על מזוזת השער. אותו שער הקטן הוא הפשפש:
his burnt offering and his peace offering. The burnt offering for appearing in the Temple and the peace offering for celebrating the festivals; this verse refers to the festivals.		את עולתו ואת שלמיו. עולת ראיה ושלמי חגיגה ומקרא זה מוסב על יום טוב, כך מצאתי בפירושים מדוייקים:
and he shall stand at the doorposts of the gate. The inner gate; this is the wicket, as the master stated (Taanith 4:2): “Is it possible for a person’s sacrifice to be offered up when he is not standing over it?”		ועמד על מזוזת השער. שער הפנימית היא אשר באר הוא הפשפש כדאמר מר איפשר קרבנו של אדם קרב ואינו עומד על גביו:
shall not be closed until the evening. Now why should it not be closed?		ולא יסגר עד הערב. למה לא יסגר:
3And the people of the land shall [also] prostrate themselves at the entrance of that gate on the Sabbaths and on the New Moons, before the Lord.		גוְהִֽשְׁתַּֽחֲו֣וּ עַם־הָאָ֗רֶץ פֶּתַח הַשַּׁ֣עַר הַה֔וּא בַּשַּׁבָּת֖וֹת וּבֶֽחֳדָשִׁ֑ים לִפְנֵ֖י יְהֹוָֽה:
And the people of the land shall prostrate themselves. all day, and whoever comes, too, and in the evening they shall close it.		והשתחוו עם הארץ. כל היום וגם כל הבא ולערב יסגרוהו:
4And the burnt-offering which the prince offers to the Lord; On the Sabbath shall be six lambs without blemish and a ram without blemish.		דוְהָ֣עֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥ב הַנָּשִׂ֖יא לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֗ת שִׁשָּׁ֧ה כְבָשִׂ֛ים תְּמִימִ֖ם וְאַ֥יִל תָּמִֽים:
On the Sabbath day shall be six lambs. I do not know why, for the Torah said (Num. 28:9): “two lambs,” and “on the Sabbath Day” means either the Sabbath commemorating the Creation or a festival. I, therefore, say that this Sabbath is not the Sabbath commemorating the Creation, but a festival that requires seven lambs and two rams. Scripture comes and teaches you that [the absence of one] does not render the other one invalid, and if he does not find seven, he should bring six, and if he does not find two rams, he should bring one, as our Rabbis expounded regarding the New Moon.		ביום השבת ששה כבשים. לא ידעתי למה שהרי אמרה תורה שני כבשים (מדבר כח) וביום השבת משמע שבת בראשית ומשמע יום טוב ואומר אני שבת זו אינה שבת בראשית אלא י"ט שטעון שבעה כבשים ושני אילים ובא ולימדך שאין מעכבין זה את זה ואם לא מצא שבעה יביא ששה ואם לא מצא שני אילים יביא אחד כמו שדרשו חכמים לענין ראש חדש:
5And as a meal-offering: one ephah for the ram; and for the lambs, a meal-offering as he is able to give, and a hin of oil to an ephah.		הוּמִנְחָה֙ אֵיפָ֣ה לָאַ֔יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֥ים מִנְחָ֖ה מַתַּ֣ת יָד֑וֹ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָאֵיפָֽה:
as he is able to give. This teaches that the meal-offerings do not render each other invalid [in each other’s absence].		מתת ידו. לימד שאין המנחות מעכבות זו את זו:
6But on the New Moon; a young bull without blemish, and six lambs and a ram, without blemish are they to be.		ווּבְי֣וֹם הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ פַּ֥ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר תְּמִימִ֑ם וְשֵׁ֧שֶׁת כְּבָשִׂ֛ים וָאַ֖יִל תְּמִימִ֥ם יִֽהְיֽוּ:
But on the New Moon: a young bull without blemish. Our Rabbis expounded upon this verse in Menahoth (45a): Why does it say, “a young bull?” Since it is stated in the Torah (Num. 28:11): “And at the beginnings of your months, etc., two young bulls,” how do you know that if he did not find two, he should bring one? Because it is stated: “a bull.”		וביום החדש פר בן בקר תמימים. מקרא זה דרשו רבותינו במנחות פר מה למדנו לפי שנא' בתורה (שם) ובראשי חדשיכם פרים בני בקר שנים מנין שאם לא מצא שנים יביא אחד לכך נאמר פר:
and six lambs. Why is it necessary to state this? Since it is said in the Torah, “seven,” how do you know that if he did not find seven, he should bring six? Because it is stated: “and six lambs.” And how do you know [that he should bring] even one? Because the Torah says, “but for the lambs as much as he can afford.”		וששת כבשים. מה למדנו לפי שנאמר בתורה שבעה מנין שאם לא מצא שבעה יביא ששה לכך נאמר וששת כבשים ומנין אפילו אחד תלמוד לומר ולכבשים כאשר תשיג ידו, מצאתי:
7And an ephah for the bull and an ephah for the ram he shall bring as a meal-offering, but for the lambs as much as he can afford, and of oil a hin to an ephah.		זוְאֵיפָ֨ה לַפָּ֜ר וְאֵיפָ֚ה לָאַ֙יִל֙ יַֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה מִנְחָ֔ה וְלַ֨כְּבָשִׂ֔ים כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָד֑וֹ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָאֵיפָֽה:
8And whenever the prince goes in, he shall go in by way of the vestibule of the gate, and by the same way shall he go out.		חוּבְב֖וֹא הַנָּשִׂ֑יא דֶּ֣רֶךְ אוּלָ֚ם הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ יָב֔וֹא וּבְדַרְכּ֖וֹ יֵצֵֽא:
And whenever the prince goes in. on the New Moon and on the Sabbath of Creation, when Israel is not commanded to appear at the Temple, and he comes in to prostrate himself.		ובבוא הנשיא. ביום החודש ובשבת בראשית שאין ישראל מצווים על הראיה והוא בא להשתחוות:
he shall go in by way of the vestibule of the gate, and by the same way shall he go out. Through the very same gate he shall go out, and he is not commanded to make the Court a short-cut. But on the festivals, concerning which it is stated (Deut. 16:16): “shall all your males appear,” he is required to make it a short-cut like the rest of the people. That is what is written (verse 10): “goes in among them when they go in, and when they go out, they [the prince and people together] go out.”		דרך אולם השער יבוא ובדרכו יצא. באותו שער עצמו יצא ואינו מצווה לעשות העזרה קפנדריא אבל במועדים שנאמ' בהם (דברים ט"ז) יראה כל זכורך זקוק היא לעשו' קפנדריא כשאר העם היינו דכתיב בתוכם בבואם יבוא ובצאתם יצאו:
9But when the people of the land come before the Lord on the times fixed for meeting, he who enters by way of the north gate to prostrate himself shall go out by way of the south gate, and he that enters by way of the south gate shall go out by way of the north gate; he shall not return by way of the gate whereby he came in, but he shall go out by that which is opposite it.		טוּבְב֨וֹא עַם־הָאָ֜רֶץ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָה֘ בַּמּֽוֹעֲדִים֒ הַבָּ֡א דֶּרֶ֩ךְ־שַׁ֨עַר צָפ֜וֹן לְהִֽשְׁתַּֽחֲו‍ֹ֗ת יֵצֵא֙ דֶּֽרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר נֶ֔גֶב וְהַבָּא֙ דֶּֽרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר נֶ֔גֶב יֵצֵ֖א דֶּֽרֶךְ־שַׁ֣עַר צָפ֑וֹנָה לֹ֣א יָשׁ֗וּב דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א ב֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִכְח֖וֹ יֵצֵֽא (כתיב יֵצֵֽאו) :
But when the people of the land come, etc., by way of the north gate, etc., but he shall go out by that which is opposite it. It is incumbent upon them to be seen in full view in the Court.		ובבוא עם הארץ. דרך שער צפון וגו' כי נכחו. יצא. מצוה עליהם שיתראו בתוך העזרה יפה יפה:
10The prince also [then] enters among them when they go in, and when they go out, they [the prince and the people together] go out.		יוְהַנָּשִׂ֑יא בְּתוֹכָ֚ם בְּבוֹאָם֙ יָב֔וֹא וּבְצֵאתָ֖ם יֵצֵֽאוּ:
The prince. When he enters the Temple Court through the southern wicket of the Heichal to prostrate himself, he too must make the Temple Court a short-cut. He shall enter by way of the northern gate and leave by way of the southern gate with the rest of the people of the land. This is the meaning of “enters in their midst when they go in, and when they go out, they go out” all of them, the prince with the rest of the people. And he shall not enter by way of the eastern gate as he regularly does on the New Moon and on the Sabbath of Creation, for the eastern gate has no gate opposite it in the west.		והנשיא. גם הוא כשנכנס לעזרה לבא בפשפש ההיכל הדרומי להשתחוות גם הוא מצוה עליו לעשות העזרה קפנדריא ויבא דרך שער צפון ויצא דרך שער נגב עם שאר עם הארץ ונכנס ויצא נכחו דרך שער האחר וזהו בתוכם בבואם יבוא ובצאתם יצאו כולם הנשיא עם שאר העם ולא יבא דרך שער המזרחי כדרך שהוא בא ביו' החדש וביום שבת בראשית שהשער המזרחי אין נכחו שער במערב:
11And on the Festivals and on the times fixed for meeting, the meal-offering shall consist of an ephah for a bull and an ephah for a ram, but for the lambs a gift which is in accordance with his means, and oil, a hin to an ephah.		יאוּבַֽחַגִּ֣ים וּבַמּֽוֹעֲדִ֗ים תִּהְיֶ֚ה הַמִּנְחָה֙ אֵיפָ֚ה לַפָּר֙ וְאֵיפָ֣ה לָאַ֔יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֖ים מַתַּ֣ת יָד֑וֹ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן הִ֥ין לָֽאֵיפָֽה:
12And when the prince brings a free will-offering, a burnt-offering or a peace- offering as a free will-offering to the Lord, one shall then open for him the gate that faces east, and he shall bring his burnt-offering and his peace-offering as he does on the Sabbath day, and after he has gone out, one shall close the gate.		יבוְכִי־יַֽעֲשֶׂה֩ הַנָּשִׂ֨יא נְדָבָ֜ה עוֹלָ֣ה אֽוֹ־שְׁלָמִים֘ נְדָבָ֣ה לַֽיהֹוָה֒ וּפָ֣תַח ל֗וֹ אֶת־הַשַּׁ֙עַר֙ הַפֹּנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ים וְעָשָׂ֚ה אֶת־עֹֽלָתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמָ֔יו כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר יַֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה בְּי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֑ת וְיָצָ֛א וְסָגַ֥ר אֶת־הַשַּׁ֖עַר אַֽחֲרֵ֥י צֵאתֽוֹ:
And when the prince brings a freewill offering. on the six working days.		וכי יעשה הנשיא נדבה. בששת ימי המעשה:
one shall then open for him the gate, etc.. Not to enter the Heichal through it, but he shall stand there, and the priests shall make his burnt offering and his peace- offering, and he shall prostrate himself and leave, as it is said: “as he would do on the Sabbath day.” Now what is stated regarding the Sabbath day (here)? (Verse 2) “And he shall stand at the doorpost of the gate, and the priests shall offer his burnt offering, etc.”		ופתח לו את השער וגו'. לא נכנס בו להיכל אלא עומד שם והכהנים יעשו את עולתו ואת שלמיו והשתחוה ויצא שנאמר כאשר עשה ביום השבת ומה אומר ביום השבת (כאן) ועמד על מזוזת השער ועשו הכהנים את עולתו וגו':
after he has gone out. He does not say here: “but the gate shall not be closed until the evening,” as he says regarding the Sabbath day. For regarding the Sabbath day it says (verse 3): “And the people of the land shall prostrate themselves at the entrance of that gate.” Therefore, it is left open. But on weekdays it is not customary for them to come to prostrate themselves, for everyone is occupied with work; therefore, “after he has gone out, one shall close the gate.”		אחרי צאתו. ואינו אומ' כאן והשע' לא יסגר עד הערב כמ"ש ביום השבת שביום השבת הוא אומר והשתחוו עם הארץ פתח השער ההוא לפיכך מניחו פתוח אבל בחול אין דרכם לבא להשתחות שכל אחד עסוק במלאכתו לפיכך וסגר את השער אחרי צאתו:
13And a lamb of the first year, without blemish shall you bring as a burnt-offering daily to the Lord, every morning shall you bring it.		יגוְכֶ֨בֶשׂ בֶּן־שְׁנָת֜וֹ תָּמִ֗ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה עוֹלָ֛ה לַיּ֖וֹם לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה בַּבֹּ֥קֶר בַּבֹּ֖קֶר תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ:
And a lamb of the first year. the daily sacrifice.		וכבש בן שנתו. עולת התמיד:
14And as a meal-offering you shall bring for it every morning a sixth of an ephah and a third of a hin of oil to stir [with] the fine flour; a meal-offering to the Lord, according to the perpetual ordinance.		ידוּמִנְחָה֩ תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה עָלָ֜יו בַּבֹּ֚קֶר בַּבֹּ֙קֶר֙ שִׁשִּׁ֣ית הָֽאֵיפָ֔ה וְשֶׁ֛מֶן שְׁלִישִׁ֥ית הַהִ֖ין לָרֹ֣ס אֶת־הַסֹּ֑לֶת מִנְחָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה חֻקּ֥וֹת עוֹלָ֖ם תָּמִֽיד:
a sixth of an ephah. of the [post-Exodus] Jerusalemite measure, which is a fifth of the [Mosaic] “measure of the desert,” equaling two tenth parts, one for the daily meal-offering and one for the pancakes. And although the pancakes were offered up by halves, he brings a complete tenth part in the morning and divides it in half, as we learned in Menahoth (4:5)		ששית האיפה. ירושלמית שהיא חומש של מדברית והן ב' עשרונים הא' למנחת התמיד וא' לחביתין ואף על פי שחביתין קריבין לחצאין מביא הוא בבקר עשרון שלם וחוצהו כמו ששנינו במנחות:
to stir [with] the fine flour. [Heb. לָרֹם,] asperger in French, to moisten, besprinkle. Manuscripts read: ameller in Old French, to mix. לָרֹם אֶתהַסֹלֶת, to crush and mix with it the fine flour, a form of word for crushing (רִסוּם) , as in (Amos 6:11): “and he shall smite the great house into splinters (רְסִיסִים),” and in the language of the Mishnah (Shab. 8:6): If it was thick or cracked (מְרֻסָם).		לרוס את הסולת. אילפר"יסיר בלע"ז ל"א אימ"לליר בלע"ז לרוס את הסולת לכתת ולבלול בו את הסלת לשון רסיס כמו (עמוס ו׳:י״א) והכה הבית הגדול רסיסים ולשון משנה אם היה עבה או מרוסס:
15Thus shall they bring the lamb and the meal-offering and the oil every morning, a continual burnt offering.		טויַֽעֲשׂ֨וּ (כתיב וַֽעֲשׂ֨וּ) אֶת־הַכֶּ֧בֶשׂ וְאֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֛ה וְאֶת־הַשֶּׁ֖מֶן בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֑קֶר עוֹלַ֖ת תָּמִֽיד:

Shmuel I (I Samuel) Chapter 20

18And Jonathan said to him, "Tomorrow is the new moon, and you will be remembered, for your seat will be vacant.		יחוַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן מָחָ֣ר חֹ֑דֶשׁ וְנִפְקַ֕דְתָּ כִּ֥י יִפָּקֵ֖ד מוֹשָׁבֶֽךָ:
Tomorrow is the new moon. and it is the custom of all those who eat at the king’s table to come on the festive day to the table.		מחר חדש. ודרך כל אוכלי שולחן המלך לבא ביום מועד אל השולחן:
and you will be remembered. My father will remember you, and ask where you are.		ונפקדת. אבי יפקדך וישאל היכן אתה:
for your seat will be vacant. for your seat in which you sit, will be vacant, and so did Jonathan render: and you will be sought, for your seat will be vacant.		כי יפקד מושבך. שיהיה מושבך חסר, שאתה יושב בו וכן תרגם יונתן: ותתבעי ארי יהי מרוח בית אסחרותך:
and you will be remembered. [ונפקדת is] an expression of remembering.		ונפקדת. לשון זכרון:
will be vacant. [יפקד is] an expression of lacking.		כי יפקד. לשון חסרון:

Shmuel I (I Samuel) Chapter 20

42And Jonathan said to David, "Go in peace! (And bear in mind) that we have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, saying, 'May the Lord be between me and you, and between my descendants and your descendants forever.' "		מבוַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֚ם יְהֹוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהֹוָ֞ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה \| בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם:
Go in peace!. And the oath which we have sworn, may the Lord be witness thereon forever.		לך לשלום. והשבועה אשר נשבענו, ה' יהיה עד עליה עד עולם:

Translation of Chumash and Rashi courtesy Chabad House Publications’ forthcoming English Chumash with an annotated translation of Rashi based on the teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, published by Kehot Publications Society. Translated and adapted by Rabbi Moshe Wisnefsky, Editor-in-Chief. Rabbi Chaim N. Cunin, Director and General Editor.

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