Shemot (Exodus) Chapter 35

1Moses assembled the entire community of the Israelites and said to them, “These are the things that God has commanded to do.   אוַיַּקְהֵ֣ל משֶׁ֗ה אֶת־כָּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥ת אֹתָֽם:
וַיַּקְהֵל משֶׁה - Moses assembled - on the day after Yom Kippur, when he came down from Mount Sinai. The term וַיַּקְהֵל is a hif’il (causative) form, because one does not assemble people physically with one’s hands; rather, they are gathered together by his order, and this is supported by Onkelos’ translation וְאַכְנֵשׁ “and he assembled.”   וַיַּקְהֵל משֶׁה.  לְמָחֳרַת יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כְּשֶׁיָּרַד מִן הָהָר, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן הִפְעִיל, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵף אֲנָשִׁים בְּיָּדַיִם, אֶלָּא הֵן נֶאֱסָפִין עַל פִּי דִּבּוּרוֹ, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְאַכְנֵישׁ:
2Work may be done for six days, but the seventh day must be holy for you—a complete rest from work—unto God. Whoever does work on it must be put to death.   בשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֘ תֵּֽעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י יִֽהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה כָּל־הָֽעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת:
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים - For six days. Moses told them the warning about keeping the Sabbath prior to instructing them to construct the Tabernacle, in order to convey to them the fact that work on the Tabernacle does not override the Sabbath.   שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים.  הִקְדִּים לָהֶם אַזְהָרַת שַׁבָּת לְצִוּוּי מְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ דוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת (מכילתא):
3You must not kindle fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day.”   גלֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲר֣וּ אֵ֔שׁ בְּכֹ֖ל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּי֖וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת:
לֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲרוּ אֵשׁ - You must not kindle fire. Some of our rabbis say1 that the prohibition of kindling a fire is singled out from other work prohibited on the Sabbath in order to give it the status of an ordinary passive commandment (punishable by lashes and not by death), while others say that it is singled out in order to indicate that each of the 39 categories of work is a separate prohibition.   לֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲרוּ אֵשׁ.  יֵשׁ מֵרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אוֹמְרִים הַבְעָרָה לְלָאו יָצָאת, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים לְחַלֵּק יָצָאת (שבת ע'):
4Moses spoke to the entire community of the Israelites, saying, “This is what God has commanded me to say to you:   דוַיֹּ֣אמֶר משֶׁ֔ה אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר:
זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה' - This is what God has commanded - me “to say” to you.   זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה'.  לִי לאמר לָכֶם:
5Take contributions for God from among yourselves. Let every generous-hearted person bring the following contribution for God: gold, silver, and copper;   הקְח֨וּ מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤ם תְּרוּמָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה כֹּ֚ל נְדִ֣יב לִבּ֔וֹ יְבִיאֶ֕הָ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֽשֶׁת:
נְדִיב לִבּוֹ - [Every] generous-hearted [person]. Since it is a person’s heart that prompts him to give a donation, he is therefore called נְדִיב לֵב “one who is generous of heart.” I have already explained the account of the materials donated for the Tabernacle and its construction in the place where they were commanded.   נְדִיב לִבּוֹ.  עַל שֵׁם שֶׁלִּבּוֹ נוֹדְבוֹ, קָרוּי נְדִיב לֵב. כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי נִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּמְלַאכְתּוֹ בִּמְקוֹם צַוָּאתָן:
6wool dyed turquoise, wool dyed purple, wool dyed scarlet, linen, goat hair;   ווּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים:
7red-dyed ram skins, tachash skins, and acacia wood;   זוְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַֽעֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּֽים:
8olive oil for the luminary, and spices for the anointing oil and for the incense offering;   חוְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּא֑וֹר וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים:
9and onyx stones and inset stones for the Ephod and the Breastplate.   טוְאַ֨בְנֵי־שֹׁ֔הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָֽאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֽשֶׁן:
10Every wise-hearted person must come forth and make all that God has commanded:   יוְכָל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב בָּכֶ֑ם יָבֹ֣אוּ וְיַֽעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה יְהֹוָֽה:
11The inner tapestries to cover the Tabernacle, with its middle cover and its outer roof; its clasps, its planks, its crossbars, its pillars, and its bases;   יאאֶ֨ת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן אֶת־אָֽהֳל֖וֹ וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֑הוּ אֶת־קְרָסָיו֙ וְאֶת־קְרָשָׁ֔יו אֶת־בְּרִיחָ֕ו אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנָֽיו:
אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן - (lit.) The Tabernacle. The lower tapestries, which were visible from inside the Tabernacle, are called here מִשְׁכָּן.   אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן.  יְרִיעוֹת הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת הַנִּרְאוֹת בְּתוֹכוֹ קְרוּיִים מִשְׁכָּן:
אֶת־אָֽהֳלוֹ - Its cover. This is the canopy of the sheets of goats’ hair, which was made as a roof over the lower tapestries.   אֶת־אָֽהֳלוֹ.  הִיא אֹהֶל יְרִיעוֹת עִזִּים, הֶעָשׂוּי לְגַג:
וְאֶת־מִכְסֵהוּ - And its roof - i.e., the covering of the rams’ skins and tachash skins.   וְאֶת־מִכְסֵהוּ.  מִכְסֵה עוֹרוֹת אֵילִים וְהַתְּחָשִׁים:
12the Ark, its poles, the Ark Cover, and the partition Curtain;   יבאֶת־הָֽאָרֹ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶת וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ:
וְאֵת פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ - means: The partition Curtain. Anything that forms a shield, whether it be from above or from the side, is called מָסָךְ or סְכָךְ, similar to שַׂכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ “You protected him,”2 and הִנְנִי שָׂךְ אֶת דַּרְכֵּךְ “I will close off your path.”3   וְאֵת פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ.  פָּרֹכֶת הַמְּחִיצָה; כָּל דָּבָר הַמֵּגֵן, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָה בֵּין מִכְּנֶגֶד, קָרוּי מָסָךְ וּסְכָךְ, וְכֵן סַכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ (איוב א'), הִנְנִי סָךְ אֶת דַּרְכֵּךְ (הושע ב'):
13the Table, its poles, all its utensils, and the showbread;   יגאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים:
לֶחֶם הַפָּנִֽים - The showbread. I have already explained4 that it was so called because of the fact that it had surfaces on opposite sides, for it was shaped like a box open at two sides.   לֶחֶם הַפָּנִֽים.  כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פָּנִים לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי כְּמִין תֵּבָה פְרוּצָה:
14the Candelabrum of illumination and all its utensils, its lamps, and the oil for the luminary;   ידוְאֶת־מְנֹרַ֧ת הַמָּא֛וֹר וְאֶת־כֵּלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־נֵֽרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר:
וְאֶת־כֵּלֶיהָ - And its utensils - i.e., the tongs and ash-pans.   וְאֶת־כֵּלֶיהָ.  מֶלְקָחַיִם וּמַחְתּוֹת:
נֵֽרֹתֶיהָ - “luzes” in Old French (“lamps”), i.e., bowls where the oil and the wicks are placed.   נֵֽרֹתֶיהָ.  לוצי"יש בְּלַעַז, בָּזִיכִים שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶן וְהַפְּתִילוֹת נְתוּנִין בָּהֶן:
וְאֵת שֶׁמֶן הַמָּאוֹר - And the oil for the luminary. This also required the skill of the wise-hearted men, for its production is different from that of other oils, as is explained in Menachot:5 “He picks the olives at the top of the tree…” and thus produces an oil that is כָּתִית “crushed” and זָךְ “clear.”   וְאֵת שֶׁמֶן הַמָּאוֹר.  אַף הוּא צָרִיךְ חַכְמֵי לֵב, שֶׁהוּא מְשֻׁנֶּה מִשְּׁאָר שְׁמָנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בִּמְנָחוֹת (דף פ"ו), מְגַרְגְּרוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַזַּיִת, וְהוּא כָּתִית וְזַךְ:
15the incense Altar and its poles, the anointing oil, the incense offering, and the entrance Screen for the entrance to the Tabernacle;   טווְאֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙ וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֔יו וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לְפֶ֥תַח הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
מָסַךְ הַפֶּתַח - The entrance Screen. This was the curtain in front of the east side, where there were no planks or tapestries.   מָסַךְ הַפֶּתַח.  וִילוֹן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ שָׁם קְרָשִׁים וְלֹא יְרִיעוֹת:
16the sacrificial Altar, its copper Grate, its poles, and all its utensils; the Laver and its base;   טזאֵ֣ת | מִזְבַּ֣ח הָֽעֹלָ֗ה וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּח֨שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ:
17the nettings of the Courtyard, its pillars and its bases, and the Screen for the entrance to the Courtyard;   יזאֵ֚ת קַלְעֵ֣י הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶֽחָצֵֽר:
אֵת עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶיהָ - Its pillars and its bases. Here the word חָצֵר is referred to both in the masculine and in the feminine, and many other words are similarly treated.   אֵת עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶיהָ.  הֲרֵי חָצֵר קָרוּי כָּאן לְשׁוֹן זָכָר וּלְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה, וְכֵן דְּבָרִים הַרְבֵּה:
וְאֶת־מָסַךְ שַׁעַר הֶֽחָצֵר - And the Screen for the entrance of the Courtyard. This was a curtain spread on the eastern side, across the middle 20 cubits of the width of the Courtyard, for the eastern side was altogether 50 cubits wide, but 15 cubits toward its north were closed off by nettings, and similarly to the south, as it says: “There must be 15 cubits of nettings to one side.”6   וְאֶת־מָסַךְ שַׁעַר הֶֽחָצֵר.  וִילוֹן פָּרוּשׂ לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אֶמְצָעִיּוֹת שֶׁל רֹחַב הֶחָצֵר – שֶׁהָיָה חֲמִשִּׁים רֹחַב – וּסְתוּמִין הֵימֶנּוּ לְצַד צָפוֹן ט"ו אַמָּה, וְכֵן לַדָּרוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, וַחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קְלָעִים לַכָּתֵף:
18the stakes for the Tabernacle, the stakes for the Courtyard, and their tying ropes;   יחאֶת־יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר וְאֶת־מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם:
יִתְדֹת - The stakes - in order to insert and fasten the ends of the nettings to the ground through them, in order they not move about in the wind.   יִתְדֹת.  לִתְקֹעַ וְלִקְשׁוֹר בָּהֶם סוֹפֵי הַיְרִיעוֹת בָּאָרֶץ, שֶׁלֹּא יָנוּעוּ בָּרוּחַ:
מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם - are ropes for tying.   מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם.  חֲבָלִים לִקְשֹׁר:
19the netted packing cloths for use in the Tabernacle, the sacred garments for Aaron the high priest, and the garments of his sons in which to minister as priests.”   יטאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ לְאַֽהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן:
בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד - The netted cloths - for covering the Ark, the Table, the Candelabrum, and the Altars when the Tabernacle was being dismantled for travel.   בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד.  לְכַסּוֹת הָאָרוֹן וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, הַמְּנוֹרָה וְהַמִּזְבְּחוֹת בִּשְׁעַת סִלּוּק מַסָּעוֹת:
20The entire community of the Israelites then left Moses’ presence.   כוַיֵּֽצְא֛וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִלִּפְנֵ֥י משֶֽׁה: