| 13Moses, Eleazar the priest, and all the princes of the community went out to meet them, outside the camp. |
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יגוַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ משֶׁ֨ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן וְכָל־נְשִׂיאֵ֥י הָֽעֵדָ֖ה לִקְרָאתָ֑ם אֶל־מִח֖וּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| וַיֵּצְאוּ משֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן - Moses and Eleazar the priest went out - since they saw Israelite youths going out to grab some of the spoils. |
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וַיֵּצְאוּ משֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן.
לְפִי שֶׁרָאוּ אֶת נַעֲרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יוֹצְאִים לַחֲטֹף מִן הַבִּזָּה (ספרי):
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| 14Moses became angry with the officers of the army—the commanders of thousands and the commanders of hundreds—who had returned from the campaign of war. |
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ידוַיִּקְצֹ֣ף משֶׁ֔ה עַ֖ל פְּקוּדֵ֣י הֶחָ֑יִל שָׂרֵ֤י הָֽאֲלָפִים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י הַמֵּא֔וֹת הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְּבָ֥א הַמִּלְחָמָֽה: |
| וַיִּקְצֹף משֶׁה עַל פְּקוּדֵי הֶחָיִל - Moses became angry with the officers of the army - i.e., those who were in charge of the army. This teaches you that every offense by a generation is attributed to its leaders, for they have the ability to object. |
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וַיִּקְצֹף משֶׁה עַל פְּקוּדֵי הֶחָיִל.
מְמֻנִּים עַל הַחַיִל, לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל סִרְחוֹן הַדּוֹר תָּלוּי בַּגְּדוֹלִים שֶׁיֵּשׁ כֹּחַ בְּיָדָם לִמְחוֹת (שם):
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| 15Moses said to them, “Did you let all the females live? |
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טווַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם משֶׁ֑ה הַֽחִיִּיתֶ֖ם כָּל־נְקֵבָֽה: |
| 16They are the same ones who were involved with the Israelites on Balaam’s advice to betray God in the incident of Pe’or, resulting in a plague among the community of God. |
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טזהֵ֣ן הֵ֜נָּה הָי֨וּ לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר בִּלְעָ֔ם לִמְסָר־מַ֥עַל בַּֽיהֹוָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַ֣ר פְּע֑וֹר וַתְּהִ֥י הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה בַּֽעֲדַ֥ת יְהֹוָֽה: |
| הֵן הֵנָּה - They are the same ones. This tells us that they could recognize them: This woman is the one with whom so-and-so sinned. |
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הֵן הֵנָּה.
מַגִּיד שֶׁהָיוּ מַכִּירִים אוֹתָן — זוֹ הִיא שֶׁנִּכְשַׁל פְּלוֹנִי בָהּ (ילקוט שמעוני תשפ"ה):
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| בִּדְבַר בִּלְעָם - On Balaam’s (lit.) word. He told the Moabites: “Even if you gather all the multitudes of the world you cannot overcome them. Are you greater than the Egyptians, who had 600 choice chariots? Come, and I will give you advice: The God of these people abhors immorality…,” as stated in Chapter Chelek and in Sifrei. |
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בִּדְבַר בִּלְעָם.
אָמַר לָהֶם אֲפִלּוּ אַתֶּם מַכְנִיסִין כָּל הֲמוֹנוֹת שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אֵין אַתֶּם יְכוֹלִים לָהֶם, שֶׁמָּא מְרֻבִּים אַתֶּם מִן הַמִּצְרִיִּים שֶׁהָיוּ שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת רֶכֶב בָּחוּר? בֹּאוּ וְאַשִּׂיאֲכֶם עֵצָה, אֱלֹהֵיהֶם שֶׁל אֵלּוּ שׂוֹנֵא זִמָּה הוּא וְכוּ' כִּדְאִיתָא בְחֵלֶק (דף ק"ו) וּבְסִפְרֵי:
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| 17So now kill every male child, and you must kill every woman who is old enough to have carnal relations with a man. |
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יזוְעַתָּ֕ה הִרְג֥וּ כָל־זָכָ֖ר בַּטָּ֑ף וְכָל־אִשָּׁ֗ה יֹדַ֥עַת אִ֛ישׁ לְמִשְׁכַּ֥ב זָכָ֖ר הֲרֹֽגוּ: |
| וְכָל־אִשָּׁה יֹדַעַת אישׁ - And every woman who (lit.) knows a man - i.e., who is able to have carnal relations, even if she never had relations. They had the women pass in front of the Forehead-plate, and the faces of those capable of carnal relations turned green. |
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וְכָל־אִשָּׁה יֹדַעַת אישׁ.
רְאוּיָה לִבָּעֵל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִבְעֲלָה, וְלִפְנֵי הַצִּיץ הֶעֱבִירוּם, וְהָרְאוּיָה לִבָּעֵל פָּנֶיהָ מוֹרִיקוֹת (יבמות ס'):
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| הִרְגוּ - Kill. Why did the verse repeat this word? To pause the sentence. This is the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael. For had I read only: “kill every male child, and every woman who is old enough to have carnal relations with a man, and all the young girls…keep alive…,” I do not know if it means to kill every woman capable of relations together with the males, or to keep them alive with the young girls. It therefore says again: הֲרֹגוּ “kill.” |
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הִרְגוּ.
לָמָּה חָזַר וְאָמַר? לְהַפְסִיק הָעִנְיָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, שֶׁאִם אֲנִי קוֹרֵא הִרְגוּ כָל זָכָר בַּטָּף וְכָל אִשָּׁה יֹדַעַת אִישׁ וְכֹל הַטַּף בַּנָּשִׁים וְגוֹ', אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אִם לַהֲרֹג עִם הַזְּכָרִים אוֹ לְהַחֲיוֹת עִם הַטַּף, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר הֲרֹגוּ:
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| 18But you may keep alive all the young girls who are not old enough to have carnal relations with a man, for yourselves. |
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יחוְכֹל֙ הַטַּ֣ף בַּנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָֽדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר הַֽחֲי֖וּ לָכֶֽם: |
| 19And as for you, encamp outside the camp for seven days; whoever killed a person or who touched a corpse must purify himself on the third and seventh day, both you and your captives. |
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יטוְאַתֶּ֗ם חֲנ֛וּ מִח֥וּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כֹּל֩ הֹרֵ֨ג נֶ֜פֶשׁ וְכֹ֣ל | נֹגֵ֣עַ בֶּֽחָלָ֗ל תִּתְחַטְּא֞וּ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י אַתֶּ֖ם וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם: |
| מִחוּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶה - Outside the camp - i.e., that they not enter the Courtyard. |
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מִחוּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶה.
שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנְסוּ לָעֲזָרָה:
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| כֹּל הֹרֵג נֶפֶשׁ - Whoever killed a person. Rabbi Meir says: Scripture speaks of one who killed with an instrument that can contract ritual defilement, and Scripture here teaches you that the object ritually defiles a person touching it through its direct contact with the corpse, just as if he were touching the corpse itself. Or perhaps this applies even if one threw an arrow at someone and killed him? Scripture therefore states: “or who touched a corpse.” It compares one who kills to one who touches. Just as one who touches a corpse becomes ritually defiled only through direct contact, so, too, one who kills becomes ritually defiled only through direct contact with the corpse. |
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כֹּל הֹרֵג נֶפֶשׁ.
רַ' מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר בְּהוֹרֵג בְּדָבָר הַמְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, וְלִמֶּדְךָ הַכָּתוּב שֶׁהַכְּלִי מְטַמֵּא אָדָם בְּחִבּוּרֵי הַמֵּת כְּאִלּוּ נוֹגֵעַ בַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ, אוֹ יָכוֹל אֲפִלּוּ זָרַק בּוֹ חֵץ וַהֲרָגוֹ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר וכל נגע בחלל, הִקִּישׁ הוֹרֵג לְנוֹגֵעַ, מַה נּוֹגֵעַ עַל יְדֵי חִבּוּרוֹ, אַף הוֹרֵג עַל יְדֵי חִבּוּרוֹ (ספרי במדבר י"ט):
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| תִּתְחַטְּאוּ - Must purify himself - with dashing water mixed with ashes of the red cow, as is the law of any other person ritually defiled through a corpse; for even according to the opinion that the graves of gentiles do not impart ritual defilement to those in the same covered area – as it says: “And you are my flock, the flock of my pasture, you are a man (אָדָם),” implying: you are called אָדָם in this respect but gentiles are not called אָדָם – this opinion agrees that gentile corpses impart ritual defilement through touching or carrying them, for אָדָם is stated only regarding ritual defilement in a covered area, as it says: “If a person (אָדָם) dies in a tent.” |
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תִּתְחַטְּאוּ.
בְּמֵי נִדָּה כְּדִין שְׁאָר טְמֵאֵי מֵתִים, שֶׁאַף לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמְרִים קִבְרֵי גוֹיִם אֵינָם מְטַמְּאִין בָּאֹהֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל ל"ד) "וְאַתֵּן צֹאנִי צֹאן מַרְעִיתִי אָדָם אַתֶּם" — אַתֶּם קְרוּיִם אָדָם — מוֹדֶה הוּא שֶׁהַגּוֹיִם מְטַמְּאִים בְּמַגַּע וּבְמַשָּׂא, שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר אָדָם אֶלָּא אֵצֶל טֻמְאַת אָהֳלוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אָדָם כִּי יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל" (במדבר י"ט):
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| אַתֶּם וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם - You and your captives. The intent is not to imply that gentiles can contract ritual defilement and require dashing to be rid of it, but that just as you are members of the Covenant, so, too, your captives, when they enter the Covenant and subsequently become ritually defiled, require dashing to be rid of the defilement. |
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אַתֶּם וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם.
לֹא שֶׁהַגּוֹיִם מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה וּצְרִיכִין הַזָּאָה, אֶלָּא מָה אַתֶּם בְּנֵי בְרִית, אַף שְׁבִיכֶם כְּשֶׁיָּבֹאוּ לַבְּרִית וְיִטָּמְאוּ, צְרִיכִין הַזָּאָה (ספרי):
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| 20All garments, leather articles, any article made out of goats, and every wooden article must undergo purification.” |
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כוְכָל־בֶּ֧גֶד וְכָל־כְּלִי־ע֛וֹר וְכָל־מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה עִזִּ֖ים וְכָל־כְּלִי־עֵ֑ץ תִּתְחַטָּֽאוּ: |
| וְכָל־מַֽעֲשֵׂה עִזִּים - Any article made from goats. This includes objects made from their horns, hooves, and bones. |
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וְכָל־מַֽעֲשֵׂה עִזִּים.
לְהָבִיא כְלֵי הַקַּרְנַיִם וְהַטְּלָפַיִם וְהָעֲצָמוֹת (חולין כ"ה):
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| 21Eleazar the priest said to the soldiers returning from battle, “This is the rule of the Torah that God commanded Moses. |
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כאוַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַצָּבָ֔א הַבָּאִ֖ים לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה זֹ֚את חֻקַּ֣ת הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה: |
| וַיֹּאמֶר אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וגו' - Eleazar the priest said… Since Moses became angry, he came to err, that he overlooked the laws of purging gentile utensils of forbidden food they absorbed. And so you find on the eighth day of inauguration of the Tabernacle: “he became angry with Eleazar and Itamar” – since he got angry, he came to err. And so, too, when Moses said: “Now listen, you rebels” and then “struck the rock,” through his anger he made an error. |
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וַיֹּאמֶר אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן וגו'.
לְפִי שֶׁבָּא מֹשֶׁה לִכְלַל כַּעַס בָּא לִכְלַל טָעוּת, שֶׁנִּתְעַלְּמוּ מִמֶּנּוּ הִלְכוֹת גִּעוּלֵי גּוֹיִם, וְכֵן אַתָּה מוֹצֵא בַשְּׁמִינִי לַמִּלּוּאִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיִּקְצֹף עַל אֶלְעָזָר וְעַל אִיתָמָר" (ויקרא י') — בָּא לִכְלַל כַּעַס בָּא לִכְלַל טָעוּת, וְכֵן בְּשִׁמְעוּ נָא הַמֹּרִים (במדבר כ') "וַיַּךְ אֶת הַסֶּלַע" — עַל יְדֵי הַכַּעַס טָעָה (ספרי; פסחים ס"ו):
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| אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה' וגו' - That God commanded… He ascribed the instruction to his teacher. |
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אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה' וגו'.
תָּלָה הַהוֹרָאָה בְּרַבּוֹ (עי' ספרי):
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| 22But as for the gold, the silver, the copper, the iron, the tin, and the lead, |
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כבאַ֥ךְ אֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב וְאֶת־הַכָּ֑סֶף אֶת־הַנְּח֨שֶׁת֙ אֶת־הַבַּרְזֶ֔ל אֶת־הַבְּדִ֖יל וְאֶת־הָֽעֹפָֽרֶת: |
| אַךְ אֶת־הַזָּהָב וגו' - (lit.) Only the gold…. i.e., although Moses has warned you only about the laws of ritual defilement, you must still be warned about the laws of purging. אַךְ is a limiting term, i.e., you are restricted from using gentile vessels, even after they are rid of the ritual defilement incurred through a corpse, until they are cleansed of absorbed traces of forbidden carcass flesh. But our rabbis explained אַךְ אֶת הַזָּהָב “only the gold” as indicating that one must remove its rust before purging, and that is implied by the expression אַךְ – that no interposing rust should be there, but only the pure metal, as is. |
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אַךְ אֶת־הַזָּהָב וגו'.
אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִזְהִיר לָכֶם מֹשֶׁה אֶלָּא עַל הִלְכוֹת טֻמְאָה, עוֹד יֵשׁ לְהַזְהִיר לָכֶם עַל הִלְכוֹת גִּעוּל, וְ"אַךְ" לְשׁוֹן מִעוּט, כְּלוֹמַר מְמֻעָטִין אַתֶּם מִלְּהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בַּכֵּלִים אֲפִלּוּ לְאַחַר טָהֲרָתָן מִטֻּמְאַת הַמֵּת עַד שֶׁיִּטְהֲרוּ מִבְּלִיעַת אִסּוּר נְבֵלוֹת; וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ, אך את הזהב לוֹמַר, שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהַעֲבִיר חֲלוּדָה שֶׁלּוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּגְעִילֶנּוּ, וְזֶהוּ לְשׁוֹן אך, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא שָׁם חֲלוּדָה אַךְ הַמַּתֶּכֶת יִהְיֶה כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא:
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| 23whatever is used in fire, you must pass through fire, and then it will be purged. But it must be purified with dashing water. Whatever is not used in fire you must immerse in water. |
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כגכָּל־דָּבָ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֣א בָאֵ֗שׁ תַּֽעֲבִ֤ירוּ בָאֵשׁ֙ וְטָהֵ֔ר אַ֕ךְ בְּמֵ֥י נִדָּ֖ה יִתְחַטָּ֑א וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יָבֹ֛א בָּאֵ֖שׁ תַּֽעֲבִ֥ירוּ בַמָּֽיִם: |
| כָּל־דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹא בָאֵשׁ - Whatever (lit.) enters fire - i.e., to cook anything in it. |
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כָּל־דָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹא בָאֵשׁ.
לְבַשֵּׁל בּוֹ כְּלוּם:
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| תַּֽעֲבִירוּ בָאֵשׁ - You must pass through fire - i.e., its purging is done the same way it is used: that which is used with hot water is purged with hot water, and that which is used for roasting, such as a spit or a grill, must be heated with fire until white-hot. |
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תַּֽעֲבִירוּ בָאֵשׁ.
כְּדֶרֶךְ תַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ הַגְעָלָתוֹ — מִי שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ עַל יְדֵי חַמִּין יַגְעִילֶנּוּ בְחַמִּין, וּמִי שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ עַל יְדֵי צְלִי, כְּגוֹן הַשְּׁפוּד וְהָאַסְכְּלָה, יְלַבְּנוֹ בָּאוּר (עבודה זרה ע"ד):
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| אַךְ בְּמֵי נִדָּה יִתְחַטָּא - But it must be purified with dashing water. According to its contextual sense, this purification is to rid it of ritual defilement caused by contact with a corpse; i.e., he told them: the vessels require purging to cleanse them from absorbed forbidden food, and purification to rid them of ritual defilement. However, in addition, our rabbis derived from here that metal utensils require immersion in a mikveh, even if brand new, to make them fit for Jewish use after having been susceptible to absorbing forbidden foods; and the term מֵי נִדָּה stated here they expounded as referring to the minimal amount water suitable for a menstruant to immerse herself in. And how much is that? 40 se’ah. |
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אַךְ בְּמֵי נִדָּה יִתְחַטָּא.
לְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ חִטּוּי זֶה לְטַהֲרוֹ מִטֻּמְאַת מֵת, אָמַר לָהֶם צְרִיכִין הַכֵּלִים גִּעוּל לְטַהֲרָם מִן הָאִסּוּר וְחִטּוּי לְטַהֲרָן מִן הַטֻּמְאָה; וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָרְשׁוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁאַף לְהַכְשִׁירָן מִן הָאִסּוּר הִטְעִין טְבִילָה לִכְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וּמֵי נִדָּה הַכְּתוּבִין כָּאן דָּרְשׁוּ מַיִם הָרְאוּיִם לִטְבֹּל בָּהֶם נִדָּה, וְכַמָּה הֵם? אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה (שם ע"ה):
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| וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־לֹֽא־יָבֹא בָאֵשׁ - Whatever (lit.) does not enter fire - i.e., anything that is not used with fire, such as cups and jars, which are used with cold substances, and thus do not absorb forbidden food. |
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וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־לֹֽא־יָבֹא בָאֵשׁ.
כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין תַּשְׁמִישׁוֹ עַל יְדֵי הָאוּר, כְּגוֹן כּוֹסוֹת וּצְלוֹחִיּוֹת שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישָׁן בְּצוֹנֵן וְלֹא בָלְעוּ אִסּוּר:
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| תַּֽעֲבִירוּ בַמָּֽיִם - You must immerse in water - i.e., it is sufficient just to immerse them. This applies only to metal utensils. |
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תַּֽעֲבִירוּ בַמָּֽיִם.
מַטְבִּילָן וְדַיּוֹ, וְדַוְקָא כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת:
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| 24You must immerse your garments on the seventh day and thus become ritually pure; afterwards, you may enter the camp.” |
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כדוְכִבַּסְתֶּ֧ם בִּגְדֵיכֶ֛ם בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י וּטְהַרְתֶּ֑ם וְאַחַ֖ר תָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה - The camp - i.e., to the Camp of the Divine Presence, for one who contracted ritual defilement through a corpse need not be banished from the Levite camp or the Israelite camp. |
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אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה.
לְמַחֲנֵה שְׁכִינָה, שֶׁאֵין טְמֵא מֵת טָעוּן שִׁלּוּחַ מִמַּחֲנֵה לְוִיָּה וּמִמַּחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל:
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| 25God spoke to Moses, saying, |
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כהוַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 26“Take a count of the plunder of the captive people and animals, you, together with Eleazar the priest and the heads of the paternal houses of the community. |
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כושָׂ֗א אֵ֣ת רֹ֤אשׁ מַלְק֨וֹחַ֙ הַשְּׁבִ֔י בָּֽאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה אַתָּה֙ וְאֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְרָאשֵׁ֖י אֲב֥וֹת הָֽעֵדָֽה: |
| שָׂא אֵת רֹאשׁ - means: obtain the total number. |
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שָׂא אֵת רֹאשׁ.
קַח אֶת הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן:
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| 27And you must divide the plunder equally between the warriors who went out to battle and the entire community. |
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כזוְחָצִ֨יתָ֙ אֶת־הַמַּלְק֔וֹחַ בֵּ֚ין תֹּֽפְשֵׂ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה הַיֹּֽצְאִ֖ים לַצָּבָ֑א וּבֵ֖ין כָּל־הָֽעֵדָֽה: |
| וְחָצִיתָ אֶת־הַמַּלְקוֹחַ בֵּין תֹּֽפְשֵׂי הַמִּלְחָמָה וגו' - And you must divide the plunder equally between the warriors…. i.e., half to these and half to those. |
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וְחָצִיתָ אֶת־הַמַּלְקוֹחַ בֵּין תֹּֽפְשֵׂי הַמִּלְחָמָה וגו'.
חֶצְיוֹ לָאֵלּוּ וְחֶצְיוֹ לָאֵלּוּ:
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| 28And you must levy a tax for God from the soldiers who went out to battle: 1/500 of the people, the cattle, the donkeys, and the flock. |
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כחוַֽהֲרֵֽמֹתָ֨ מֶ֜כֶס לַֽיהֹוָ֗ה מֵאֵ֞ת אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּֽצְאִ֣ים לַצָּבָ֔א אֶחָ֣ד נֶ֔פֶשׁ מֵֽחֲמֵ֖שׁ הַמֵּא֑וֹת מִן־הָֽאָדָם֙ וּמִן־הַבָּקָ֔ר וּמִן־הַֽחֲמֹרִ֖ים וּמִן־הַצֹּֽאן: |
| 29Take this tax from their half and give it to Eleazar the priest as a gift to God. |
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כטמִמַּֽחֲצִיתָ֖ם תִּקָּ֑חוּ וְנָֽתַתָּ֛ה לְאֶלְעָזָ֥ר הַכֹּהֵ֖ן תְּרוּמַ֥ת יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 30From the half belonging to the Israelites, you must take 1/50 of the people, the cattle, the donkeys, the flock, and all animals, and you must give them to the Levites, the keepers of the charge of the Tabernacle of God.” |
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לוּמִמַּֽחֲצִ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל תִּקַּ֣ח | אֶחָ֣ד | אָחֻ֣ז מִן־הַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֗ים מִן־הָֽאָדָ֧ם מִן־הַבָּקָ֛ר מִן־הַֽחֲמֹרִ֥ים וּמִן־הַצֹּ֖אן מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה וְנָֽתַתָּ֤ה אֹתָם֙ לַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם שֹֽׁמְרֵ֕י מִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת מִשְׁכַּ֥ן יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 31Moses and Eleazar the priest did as God had commanded Moses. |
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לאוַיַּ֣עַשׂ משֶׁ֔ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה: |
| 32The plunder, which was in addition to the spoils that the army had pillaged, consisted of 675,000 sheep and goats, |
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לבוַֽיְהִי֙ הַמַּלְק֔וֹחַ יֶ֣תֶר הַבָּ֔ז אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּֽזְז֖וּ עַ֣ם הַצָּבָ֑א צֹ֗אן שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֛לֶף וְשִׁבְעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִֽים: |
| וַֽיְהִי הַמַּלְקוֹחַ יֶתֶר הַבָּז - The plunder, which was in addition to the spoils. Since they were not commanded to levy a tax from movable objects but only from the living plunder, Scripture uses this wording: “The plunder” that was subject to division and taxation, in addition to the spoils (בַּז) of movable objects “that the army had pillaged,” each man for himself, not subject to division – “the number of sheep.” |
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וַֽיְהִי הַמַּלְקוֹחַ יֶתֶר הַבָּז.
לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נִצְטַוּוּ לְהָרִים מֶכֶס מִן הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין אֶלָּא מִן הַמַּלְקוֹחַ, כָּתַב אֶת הַלָּשׁוֹן הַזֶּה ויהי המלקוח, שֶׁבָּא לִכְלַל חֲלֻקָּה וְלִכְלַל מֶכֶס, שֶׁהָיָה עוֹדֵף עַל בַּז הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין אשר בזזו עם הצבא איש לו וְלֹא בָא לִכְלַל חֲלֻקָּה — מִסְפַּר הַצֹּאן וְגוֹ':
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| 3372,000 cattle, |
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לגוּבָקָ֕ר שְׁנַ֥יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֖ים אָֽלֶף: |
| 34and 61,000 donkeys. |
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לדוַֽחֲמֹרִ֕ים אֶחָ֥ד וְשִׁשִּׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף: |
| 35As for the people—the women who were not old enough to have carnal relations with a man—they were 32,000. |
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להוְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם מִן־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָֽדְע֖וּ מִשְׁכַּ֣ב זָכָ֑ר כָּל־נֶ֕פֶשׁ שְׁנַ֥יִם וּשְׁלשִׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף: |
| 36Regarding the half that was the portion of those who went out to battle: the number of sheep and goats was 337,500 |
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לווַתְּהִי֙ הַמֶּֽחֱצָ֔ה חֵ֕לֶק הַיֹּֽצְאִ֖ים בַּצָּבָ֑א מִסְפַּ֣ר הַצֹּ֗אן שְׁלֽשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֨לֶף֙ וּשְׁלשִׁ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף וְשִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת: |
| 37and the tax to God from the sheep and goats was 675; |
|
לזוַיְהִ֛י הַמֶּ֥כֶס לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן שֵׁ֥שׁ מֵא֖וֹת חָמֵ֥שׁ וְשִׁבְעִֽים: |
| 3836,000 cattle, of which the tax to God was 72; |
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לחוְהַ֨בָּקָ֔ר שִׁשָּׁ֥ה וּשְׁלשִׁ֖ים אָ֑לֶף וּמִכְסָ֥ם לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה שְׁנַ֥יִם וְשִׁבְעִֽים: |
| 3930,500 donkeys, of which the tax to God was 61; |
|
לטוַֽחֲמֹרִ֕ים שְׁלשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת וּמִכְסָ֥ם לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אֶחָ֥ד וְשִׁשִּֽׁים: |
| 4016,000 people, of which the tax to God was 32 people. |
|
מוְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף וּמִכְסָם֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה שְׁנַ֥יִם וּשְׁלשִׁ֖ים נָֽפֶשׁ: |
| 41Moses gave the tax, which was a gift to God, to Eleazar the priest, as God had commanded Moses. |
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מאוַיִּתֵּ֣ן משֶׁ֗ה אֶת־מֶ֨כֶס֙ תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֔ה לְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה: |
| 42From the half allotted to the Israelites, which Moses had apportioned from the men who had gone into the army, |
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מבוּמִמַּֽחֲצִ֖ית בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר֙ חָצָ֣ה משֶׁ֔ה מִן־הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַצֹּֽבְאִֽים: |
| וּמִמַּֽחֲצִית בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר חָצָה משֶׁה - From the half allotted to the Israelites, which Moses had apportioned - for the community and taken for them “from the men who had gone into the army.” – |
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וּמִמַּֽחֲצִית בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר חָצָה משֶׁה.
לָעֵדָה, וְהוֹצִיאָהּ לָהֶם מן האנשים הצבאים:
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| 43the community’s half was 337,500 sheep and goats, |
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מגוַתְּהִ֛י מֶֽחֱצַ֥ת הָֽעֵדָ֖ה מִן־הַצֹּ֑אן שְׁלֽשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֨לֶף֙ וּשְׁלשִׁ֣ים אֶ֔לֶף שִׁבְעַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת: |
| וַתְּהִי מֶֽחֱצַת הָֽעֵדָה - The community’s half was - i.e., it remained such an amount, as no change had occurred in the interim – “Moses took….” |
|
וַתְּהִי מֶֽחֱצַת הָֽעֵדָה.
כָּךְ וְכָךְ:
|
| 4436,000 cattle, |
|
מדוּבָקָ֕ר שִׁשָּׁ֥ה וּשְׁלשִׁ֖ים אָֽלֶף: |
| 4530,500 donkeys, |
|
מהוַֽחֲמֹרִ֕ים שְׁלשִׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת: |
| 46and 16,000 people. |
|
מווְנֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֔ם שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף: |
| 47Moses took 1/50 of the Israelites’ half, the people and the animals, and gave them to the Levites, the keepers of the charge of the Tabernacle of God, as God had commanded Moses. |
|
מזוַיִּקַּ֨ח משֶׁ֜ה מִמַּֽחֲצִ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הָֽאָחֻז֙ אֶחָ֣ד מִן־הַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֔ים מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתָ֜ם לַֽלְוִיִּ֗ם שֹֽׁמְרֵי֙ מִשְׁמֶ֨רֶת֙ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהֹוָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה: |
| וַיִּקַּח משֶׁה וגו' - Moses took etc. |
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וַיִּקַּח משֶׁה וגו'.
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| 48The officers appointed over the army’s thousands, the commanders of thousands and the commanders of hundreds, approached Moses. |
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מחוַיִּקְרְבוּ֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה הַפְּקֻדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַלְפֵ֣י הַצָּבָ֑א שָׂרֵ֥י הָֽאֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּאֽוֹת: |
| הַפְּקֻדִים - means here: the appointed ones. |
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הַפְּקֻדִים.
הַמְמֻנִּים:
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| 49They said to Moses, “Your servants counted the soldiers who were in our charge, and not one man is missing from us. |
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מטוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ נָּֽשְׂא֗וּ אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֵ֑נוּ וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אִֽישׁ: |
| וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַד - means here: is not missing, and similarly, Onkelos’ translation וְלָא שְׁגָא also denotes absence in Aramaic, just as אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה “I would bear its loss” is translated by Onkelos as דַּהֲוַת שָׁגְיָא מִמִּנְיָנָא “what was missing from the number”; and similarly: כִּי יִפָּקֵד מוֹשָׁבֶךָ means “your seat will be missing the man who usually sits there”; and similarly: וַיִּפָּקֵד מְקוֹם דָּוִד means: “David’s place was vacant” and nobody was sitting there. |
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וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַד.
לֹא נֶחְסַר, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "לָא שְׁגָא", אַף הוּא בִּלְשׁוֹן אֲרַמִי חִסָּרוֹן, כְּמוֹ "אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה" (בראשית ל"א) תַרְגּוּמוֹ "דַּהֲוַת שָׁגְיָא מִמִּנְיָנָא", וְכֵן "כִּי יִפָּקֵד מוֹשָׁבֶךָ" (שמואל א כ') — יֶחְסַר מְקוֹם מוֹשָׁבְךָ, אִישׁ הָרָגִיל לֵישֵׁב שָׁם, וְכֵן "וַיִּפָּקֵד מְקוֹם דָּוִד" (שם) — נֶחְסַר מְקוֹמוֹ וְאֵין אִישׁ יוֹשֵׁב שָׁם:
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| 50We therefore wish to bring an offering for God—any man who found a gold article, be it an anklet, a bracelet, a ring, an earring, or a chastity belt—to atone for our souls before God.” |
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נוַנַּקְרֵ֞ב אֶת־קָרְבַּ֣ן יְהֹוָ֗ה אִישׁ֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מָצָ֤א כְלִֽי־זָהָב֙ אֶצְעָדָ֣ה וְצָמִ֔יד טַבַּ֖עַת עָגִ֣יל וְכוּמָ֑ז לְכַפֵּ֥ר עַל־נַפְשֹׁתֵ֖ינוּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה: |
| אֶצְעָדָה - these are leg bracelets (anklets). |
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אֶצְעָדָה.
אֵלּוּ צְמִידִים שֶׁל רֶגֶל:
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| וְצָמִיד - A bracelet - of the arm. |
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וְצָמִיד.
שֶׁל יָד:
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| עָגִיל - are earrings. |
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עָגִיל.
נִזְמֵי אֹזֶן:
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| וְכוּמָז - Or a chastity belt - i.e., a mold for the area of the womb. It was brought to atone for any lustful thoughts toward the daughters of Midian. |
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וְכוּמָז.
דְּפוּס שֶׁל בֵּית הָרֶחֶם, לְכַפֵּר הִרְהוּר הַלֵּב שֶׁל בְּנוֹת מִדְיָן (שבת ס"ד):
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| 51Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from them—all the articles that had been used. |
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נאוַיִּקַּ֨ח משֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַזָּהָ֖ב מֵֽאִתָּ֑ם כֹּ֖ל כְּלִ֥י מַֽעֲשֶֽׂה: |
| 52The total of the gift of gold that they dedicated to God was 16,750 shekels; this was from the commanders of the thousands and the commanders of the hundreds, |
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נבוַיְהִ֣י | כָּל־זְהַ֣ב הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵרִ֨ימוּ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה שִׁשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר אֶ֛לֶף שְׁבַע־מֵא֥וֹת וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שָׁ֑קֶל מֵאֵת֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָֽאֲלָפִ֔ים וּמֵאֵ֖ת שָׂרֵ֥י הַמֵּאֽוֹת: |
| 53whereas the soldiers had seized spoils for themselves. |
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נגאַנְשֵׁי֙ הַצָּבָ֔א בָּֽזְז֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ לֽוֹ: |
| 54Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from the commanders of the thousands and hundreds and brought it to the Tent of Meeting, as a remembrance for the Israelites before God. |
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נדוַיִּקַּ֨ח משֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ אֶת־הַזָּהָ֔ב מֵאֵ֛ת שָׂרֵ֥י הָֽאֲלָפִ֖ים וְהַמֵּא֑וֹת וַיָּבִ֤אוּ אֹתוֹ֙ אֶל־אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֔ד זִכָּר֥וֹן לִבְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה: |
