ב"ה

Torah Reading for Pinchas

Parshat Pinchas
Shabbat, 23 Tammuz, 5785
19 July, 2025
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Complete: (Numbers 25:10 - 30:1; Jeremiah 1:1 - 2:3)
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First Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 25

10God spoke to Moses, saying:   יוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
11“Pinechas son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest diverted My anger from the Israelites by zealously avenging Me among them. I therefore did not destroy the Israelites because of My zeal.   יאפִּֽינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֜ר בֶּן־אַֽהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הֵשִׁ֤יב אֶת־חֲמָתִי֙ מֵעַ֣ל בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּקַנְא֥וֹ אֶת־קִנְאָתִ֖י בְּתוֹכָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־כִלִּ֥יתִי אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקִנְאָתִֽי:
פִּֽינְחָס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַֽהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן - Pinechas son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest. Because members of the other tribes were denigrating him – saying, “Did you see this son of Puti (פּוּטִי), whose mother’s father, Jethro, would mercilessly fatten (פִּטֵּם) calves before sacrificing them to idols, who because of this inherited cruel nature killed the prince of a tribe in Israel?” – Scripture comes and traces his lineage to Aaron, who was famous for promoting peace.   פִּֽינְחָס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן־אַֽהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן.  לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ הַשְּׁבָטִים מְבַזִּים אוֹתוֹ — הַרְאִיתֶם בֶּן פּוּטִי זֶה שֶׁפִּטֵּם אֲבִי אִמּוֹ עֲגָלִים לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהָרַג נְשִׂיא שֵׁבֶט מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל? לְפִיכָךְ בָּא הַכָּתוּב וְיִחֲסוֹ אַחַר אַהֲרֹן (סנהדרין פ"ב):
בְּקַנְאוֹ אֶת־קִנְאָתִי - By zealously avenging Me - i.e., by avenging My vengeance, expressing indignation on My behalf. Every instance of קִנְאָה “zealousness” indicates contending in order to avenge a particular matter; “enprenement” in Old French.   בְּקַנְאוֹ אֶת־קִנְאָתִי.  בְּנָקְמוֹ אֶת נִקְמָתִי — בְּקָצְפּוֹ אֶת הַקֶּצֶף שֶׁהָיָה לִי לִקְצֹף; כָּל לְשׁוֹן קִנְאָה הוּא הַמִּתְחָרֶה לִנְקֹם נִקְמַת דָּבָר, אנפרט"מנט בְּלַעַ"ז:
12Therefore say, ‘I hereby bestow My covenant of peace upon him.   יבלָכֵ֖ן אֱמֹ֑ר הִֽנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן ל֛וֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י שָׁלֽוֹם:
אֶת־בְּרִיתִי שָׁלֽוֹם - (lit.) My covenant peace - means: My covenant that will be a covenant of peace for him. Like a person who is grateful and benevolent to one who does him a favor, so too here, the Holy One, blessed be He, expressed to him His feelings of peace.   אֶת־בְּרִיתִי שָׁלֽוֹם.  שֶׁתְּהֵא לוֹ לִבְרִית שָׁלוֹם, כְּאָדָם הַמַּחֲזִיק טוֹבָה וְחַנּוֹת לְמִי שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ טוֹבָה, אַף כָּאן פֵּרֵשׁ לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שְׁלוֹמוֹתָיו:
13It will be, for him and for his descendants after him, the eternal covenant of priesthood, because he was zealous for his God and atoned for the Israelites.’”   יגוְהָ֤יְתָה לּוֹ֙ וּלְזַרְע֣וֹ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו בְּרִ֖ית כְּהֻנַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִנֵּא֙ לֵֽאלֹהָ֔יו וַיְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ - It will be for him - i.e., this covenant of Mine –   וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ.  בְרִיתִי זֹאת:
בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם - The eternal covenant of priesthood - for although the priesthood was already given to the descendants of Aaron, it was only given to Aaron himself, his sons who were anointed together with him, and their descendants who would be born after their anointment. However, Pinechas, who was born beforehand and was not anointed, did not enter the priesthood until now, and so we have learned in Zevachim: 1 Pinechas did not become a priest until he killed Zimri.   בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם.  שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּבָר נִתְּנָה כְהֻנָּה לְזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, לֹא נִתְּנָה אֶלָּא לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו שֶׁנִּמְשְׁחוּ עִמּוֹ וּלְתוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁיּוֹלִידוּ אַחַר הַמְשָׁחָתָן, אֲבָל פִּינְחָס שֶׁנּוֹלַד קֹדֶם לָכֵן וְלֹא נִמְשַׁח לֹא בָא לִכְלַל כְּהֻנָּה עַד כָּאן; וְכֵן שָׁנִינוּ בִזְבָחִים (דף ק"א) לֹא נִתְכַּהֵן פִּינְחָס עַד שֶׁהֲרָגוֹ לְזִמְרִי:
לֵֽאלֹהָיו - means: On behalf of his God, as we find: הַמְקַנֵּא אַתָּה לִי “Are you zealous for my sake?”; 2 קִנֵּאתִי לְצִיּוֹן “I was zealous for Zion” 3i.e., for the sake of Zion.   לֵֽאלֹהָיו.  בִּשְׁבִיל אֱלֹהָיו, כְּמוֹ "הַמְקַנֵּא אַתָּה לִי" (במדבר י"א), "וְקִנֵּאתִי לְצִיּוֹן" (זכריה ח') — בִּשְׁבִיל צִיּוֹן:
14The name of the Israelite man who was killed, who was slain with the Midianite woman, was Zimri son of Salu, prince of a paternal house of the tribe of Simeon.   ידוְשֵׁם֩ אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַמֻּכֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֻכָּה֙ אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֔ית זִמְרִ֖י בֶּן־סָל֑וּא נְשִׂ֥יא בֵֽית־אָ֖ב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִֽי:
וְשֵׁם אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו' - The name of the Israelite man… Just as Scripture traced the righteous Pinechas’ lineage to praise him, it traced that of the wicked Zimri to criticize him.   וְשֵׁם אִישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וגו'.  בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיִּחֵס אֶת הַצַּדִּיק לְשֶׁבַח, יִחֵס אֶת הָרָשָׁע לִגְנַאי (תנחומא):
נְשִׂיא בֵֽית־אָב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִֽי - Prince of a paternal house of the tribe of Simeon - i.e., of one of the five paternal houses of the tribe of Simeon. Another explanation: This is stated to display the praise of Pinechas, namely, that although Zimri was a prince, he did not refrain from avenging the desecration of God’s Name; for this reason, Scripture informs you who the slain one was.   נְשִׂיא בֵֽית־אָב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִֽי.  לְאֶחָד מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת בָּתֵּי אָבוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ לְשֵׁבֶט שִׁמְעוֹן; דָּבָר אַחֵר — לְהוֹדִיעַ שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל פִּינְחָס, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזֶּה הָיָה נָשִׂיא, לֹא מָנַע אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִלְּקַנֵּא לְחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם, לְכָךְ הוֹדִיעֲךָ הַכָּתוּב מִי הוּא הַמֻּכֶּה:
15The name of the Midianite woman who was slain was Kozbi daughter of Tzur; he was a national leader of a paternal house in Midian.   טווְשֵׁ֨ם הָֽאִשָּׁ֧ה הַמֻּכָּ֛ה הַמִּדְיָנִ֖ית כָּזְבִּ֣י בַת־צ֑וּר רֹ֣אשׁ אֻמּ֥וֹת בֵּֽית־אָ֛ב בְּמִדְיָ֖ן הֽוּא:
וְשֵׁם הָֽאִשָּׁה הַמֻּכָּה וגו' - The name of the [Midianite] woman who was slain… This is written to show you how much the Midianites hated Israel, that they let their princess engage in promiscuity in order to cause Israel to sin.   וְשֵׁם הָֽאִשָּׁה הַמֻּכָּה וגו'.  לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ שִׂנְאָתָן שֶׁל מִדְיָנִים — שֶׁהִפְקִירוּ בַּת מֶלֶךְ לִזְנוּת כְּדֵי לְהַחֲטִיא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל (שם):
רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת - A national leader - i.e., one of the five kings of Midian: “Evi, Rekem, Tzur….” 4 He was the most important of them all, as it says here: “a national leader,” but since he degraded himself by offering up his daughter, he is enumerated there only third.   רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת.  אֶחָד מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת מַלְכֵי מִדְיָן "אֶת אֱוִי וְאֶת רֶקֶם וְאֶת צוּר" וְגוֹ' (במדבר ל״א:ח׳), וְהוּא הָיָה חָשׁוּב מִכֻּלָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "רֹאשׁ אֻמּוֹת", וּלְפִי שֶׁנָּהַג בִּזָּיוֹן בְּעַצְמוֹ לְהַפְקִיר בִּתּוֹ, מְנָאוֹ שְׁלִישִׁי (שם):
בֵּֽית־אָב - A paternal house. Midian had five paternal houses: Eifah, Efer, Chanoch, Avida, and Elda’ah, 5 and this one was king of one of them.   בֵּֽית־אָב.  חֲמִשָּׁה בָתֵּי אָבוֹת הָיוּ לְמִדְיָן: "עֵיפָה וָעֵפֶר וַחֲנֹךְ וַאֲבִידָע וְאֶלְדָּעָה" (בראשית כ"ה), וְזֶה הָיָה מֶלֶךְ לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם:
16God spoke to Moses, saying:   טזוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
17“Distress the Midianites. You must smite them,   יזצָר֖וֹר אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֑ים וְהִכִּיתֶ֖ם אוֹתָֽם:
צָרוֹר - like זָכוֹר 6 and שָׁמוֹר, 7 this infinitive form denotes continuous action: you must continuously be antagonizing them.   צָרוֹר.  כְּמוֹ זָכוֹר, שָׁמוֹר, לְשׁוֹן הוֹוֶה — עֲלֵיכֶם לְאַיֵּב אוֹתָם:
18for they were hostile to you with their plots that they contrived against you in the incident with Pe’or and in the incident with their sister Kozbi daughter of the Midianite prince, who was slain on the day of the plague that I unleashed because of Pe’or.”   יחכִּ֣י צֹֽרְרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לָכֶ֔ם בְּנִכְלֵיהֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִכְּל֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם עַל־דְּבַ֣ר פְּע֑וֹר וְעַל־דְּבַ֞ר כָּזְבִּ֨י בַת־נְשִׂ֤יא מִדְיָן֙ אֲחֹתָ֔ם הַמֻּכָּ֛ה בְּיֽוֹם־הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַ֥ר פְּעֽוֹר:
כִּי צוררים הֵם לָכֶם וגו' עַל־דְּבַר פְּעוֹר - For they were hostile to you…in the incident with Pe’or. in that they let their daughters engage in promiscuity in order to lead you astray after Pe’or. He did not command them to destroy the Moabites, on account of Ruth, who was destined to emerge from them, as stated in Bava Kama. 8   כִּי צוררים הֵם לָכֶם וגו' עַל־דְּבַר פְּעוֹר.  שֶׁהִפְקִירוּ בְּנוֹתֵיהֶם לִזְנוּת, כְּדֵי לְהַטְעוֹתְכֶם אַחַר פְּעוֹר. וְאֶת מוֹאָב לֹא צִוָּה לְהַשְׁמִיד, מִפְּנֵי רוּת שֶׁהָיְתָה עֲתִידָה לָצֵאת מֵהֶם, כִּדְאָמְרִינַן בְּבָבָא קַמָּא (לח ב):

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 26

1After the plague, God spoke to Moses and to Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, saying:   אוַיְהִ֖י אַֽחֲרֵ֣י הַמַּגֵּפָ֑ה (פ באמצע פסוק) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה וְאֶ֧ל אֶלְעָזָ֛ר בֶּן־אַֽהֲרֹ֥ן הַכֹּהֵ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר:
וַיְהִי אַֽחֲרֵי הַמַּגֵּפָה וגו' - After the plague… This may be explained by a parable of a shepherd, in which wolves entered his herd and killed some of them, and he counts them to know how many remain. Another explanation: When they left Egypt and were entrusted to Moses’ care, they were entrusted to him by number. Now, when he is close to dying and returning his flock to God’s care, he returns them by number.   וַיְהִי אַֽחֲרֵי הַמַּגֵּפָה וגו'.  מָשָׁל לְרוֹעֶה שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ זְאֵבִים לְתוֹךְ עֶדְרוֹ וְהָרְגוּ בָהֶן וְהוּא מוֹנֶה אוֹתָן לֵידַע מִנְיַן הַנּוֹתָרוֹת; דָּבָר אַחֵר — כְּשֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם וְנִמְסְרוּ לְמֹשֶׁה נִמְסְרוּ לוֹ בְּמִנְיָן, עַכְשָׁו שֶׁקָּרַב לָמוּת וּלְהַחֲזִיר צֹאנוֹ מַחֲזִירָן בְּמִנְיָן (תנחומא):
2“Take a census of the entire community of the Israelites 20 years old and over, following their paternal houses, all those in Israel who are fit to serve in the army.”   בשְׂא֞וּ אֶת־רֹ֣אשׁ | כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֛ה וָמַ֖עְלָה לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם כָּל־יֹצֵ֥א צָבָ֖א בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם - Following their paternal houses. They establish their lineage by the father’s tribe, and not by the mother’s.   לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם.  עַל שֵׁבֶט הָאָב יִתְיַחֲסוּ וְלֹא אַחַר הָאֵם (בבא בתרא ק"ט):
3Moses and Eleazar the priest spoke with them in the plains of Moab by the Jordan River, opposite Jericho, saying:   גוַיְדַבֵּ֨ר משֶׁ֜ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֧ר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֹתָ֖ם בְּעַרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר:
וַיְדַבֵּר משֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם - Moses and Eleazar the priest spoke (lit.) them - i.e., they spoke with them about this, that the Omnipresent had commanded to count them.   וַיְדַבֵּר משֶׁה וְאֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם.  דִּבְּרוּ עִמָּם עַל זֹאת שֶׁצִּוָּה הַמָּקוֹם לִמְנוֹתָם:
לֵאמֹֽר - Saying - i.e., they said to them: You must be counted –   לֵאמֹֽר.  אָמְרוּ לָהֶם צְרִיכִים אַתֶּם לִמָּנוֹת מבן עשרים שנה ומעלה:
4“Twenty years old and over, just as God commanded Moses and the Israelites who came out of Egypt.”   דמִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהֹוָ֤ה אֶת־משֶׁה֙ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיֹּֽצְאִ֖ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם:
כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה וגו' - Twenty years old and over, just as [God] commanded…. that their count be of those 20 years old and over, as it says: “Whoever passes through the line of those counted, 20 years old and over.” 9   כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה וגו'.  שֶׁיְּהֵא מִנְיָנָם מִבֶּן עֶשְֹרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כָּל הָעֹבֵר עַל הַפְּקֻדִים" וגו' (שמות ל'):

Second Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 26

5Reuben, Israel’s firstborn. The descendants of Reuben were: from Chanoch, the family of the clan of Chanoch; from Palu, the family of the clan of Palu;   הרְאוּבֵ֖ן בְּכ֣וֹר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֗ן חֲנוֹךְ֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַֽחֲנֹכִ֔י לְפַלּ֕וּא מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַפַּלֻּאִֽי:
מִשְׁפַּחַת הַֽחֲנֹכִי - The family of the clan of Chanoch. Since the nations were denigrating them and saying: “Why are these people tracing their lineage to their tribes? Do they think that the Egyptians did not have control over their mothers? If they ruled over the Israelites’ bodies, they certainly ruled over their wives!” Therefore, the Holy One, blessed be He, affixed His Name to them: a ה (hei) on one side of each clan head’s name and a י (yud) on the other, as if to say: I attest to the fact that they are the sons of their fathers. This is what is declared by King David: “the tribes of God (שִׁבְטֵי יָהּ) are testimony for Israel,” 1 i.e., this Name יָהּ attests to the purity of their tribes. Thus, with all of them it is written: הַחֲנֹכִי, הַפַּלֻּאִי etc., but regarding יִמְנָה it was unnecessary to say מִשְׁפַּחַת הַיִּמְנִי, because the Name יָהּ is already affixed to it – י at the beginning and ה at the end.   מִשְׁפַּחַת הַֽחֲנֹכִי.  לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ הָאֻמּוֹת מְבַזִּין אוֹתָם וְאוֹמְרִים מָה אֵלּוּ מִתְיַחֲסִין עַל שִׁבְטֵיהֶם? סְבוּרִים הֵם שֶׁלֹּא שָׁלְטוּ הַמִּצְרִיִּים בְּאִמּוֹתֵיהֶם? אִם בְּגוּפָם הָיוּ מוֹשְׁלִים, קַל וָחֹמֶר בִּנְשׁוֹתֵיהֶם, לְפִיכָךְ הִטִּיל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שְׁמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם — ה"א מִצַּד זֶה וְיוֹ"ד מִצַּד זֶה — לוֹמַר, מֵעִיד אֲנִי עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁהֵם בְּנֵי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם, וְזֶה הוּא שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ עַל יְדֵי דָוִד (תהילים קכ"ב) "שִׁבְטֵי יָהּ עֵדוּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל" — הַשֵּׁם הַזֶּה מֵעִיד עֲלֵיהֶם לְשִׁבְטֵיהֶם, לְפִיכָךְ בְּכֻלָּם כָּתַב הַחֲנֹכִי, הַפַּלֻּאִי, אֲבָל בְּיִמְנָה לֹא הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר "מִשְׁפַּחַת הַיִּמְנִי" לְפִי שֶׁהַשֵּׁם קָבוּעַ בּוֹ — יוֹ"ד בָּרֹאשׁ וה"א בַּסּוֹף (ילקוט שמעוני):
6from Chetzron, the family of the clan of Chetzron; and from Karmi, the family of the clan of Karmi.   ולְחֶצְרֹ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶצְרוֹנִ֑י לְכַרְמִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַכַּרְמִֽי:
7These were the families of the tribe of Reuben, and those of them counted were 43,730.   זאֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הָרֽאוּבֵנִ֑י וַיִּֽהְי֣וּ פְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֗ם שְׁלשָׁ֤ה וְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלשִֽׁים:
8The son of Palu was Eli’av.   חוּבְנֵ֥י פַלּ֖וּא אֱלִיאָֽב:
9The sons of Eli’av were Nemu’el, Dathan, and Aviram. It was Dathan and Aviram, the chosen of the community, who incited against Moses and Aaron among the community of Korach, when they incited against God,   טוּבְנֵ֣י אֱלִיאָ֔ב נְמוּאֵ֖ל וְדָתָ֣ן וַֽאֲבִירָ֑ם הֽוּא־דָתָ֨ן וַֽאֲבִירָ֜ם קְרִיאֵ֣י (כתיב קרואי) הָֽעֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצּ֜וּ עַל־משֶׁ֤ה וְעַל־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ בַּֽעֲדַת־קֹ֔רַח בְּהַצֹּתָ֖ם עַל־יְהֹוָֽה:
אֲשֶׁר הִצּוּ - Who incited - the Israelites against Moses.   אֲשֶׁר הִצּוּ.  אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל על משה:
בְּהַצֹּתָם - When they incited - the people against God.   בְּהַצֹּתָם.  אֶת הָעָם על ה':
הִצּוּ - means: They incited Israel to quarrel with Moses. It is a causative (hifil) form.   הִצּוּ.  הִשִּׂיאוּ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל לָרִיב עַל מֹשֶׁה, לְשׁוֹן הִפְעִילוּ:
10and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed up them and Korach, when that community died, and when fire consumed 250 men, and they all became a sign.   יוַתִּפְתַּ֨ח הָאָ֜רֶץ אֶת־פִּ֗יהָ וַתִּבְלַ֥ע אֹתָ֛ם וְאֶת־קֹ֖רַח בְּמ֣וֹת הָֽעֵדָ֑ה בַּֽאֲכֹ֣ל הָאֵ֗שׁ אֵ֣ת חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים וּמָאתַ֨יִם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ לְנֵֽס:
וַיִּֽהְיוּ לְנֵֽס - And they became a sign - i.e., a sign and reminder that no layman again attempt to challenge the appointment of the priesthood.   וַיִּֽהְיוּ לְנֵֽס.  לְאוֹת וּלְזִכָּרוֹן, "לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִקְרַב אִישׁ זָר" (במדבר י"ז) לַחֲלֹק עוֹד עַל הַכְּהֻנָּה:
11Korach’s sons did not die.   יאוּבְנֵי־קֹ֖רַח לֹא־מֵֽתוּ:
וּבְנֵי־קֹרַח לֹא־מֵֽתוּ - Korach’ sons did not die. They were originally among those planning the rebellion, but during the conflict, they had thoughts of repentance in their hearts. Therefore, when they were swallowed into the ground, a shelter was provided for them at a high place underground, and they remained there, emerging only now, after that generation had died out.   וּבְנֵי־קֹרַח לֹא־מֵֽתוּ.  הֵם הָיוּ בָעֵצָה תְּחִלָּה, וּבִשְׁעַת הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת הִרְהֲרוּ תְשׁוּבָה בְלִבָּם, לְפִיכָךְ נִתְבַּצֵּר לָהֶם מָקוֹם גָּבוֹהַ בַּגֵיהִנּוֹם וְיָשְׁבוּ שָׁם (סנהדרין ק"י):
12The descendants of Simeon according to their families: from Nemu’el, the family of the clan of Nemu’el; from Yamin, the family of the clan of Yamin; from Yachin, the family of the clan of Yachin;   יבבְּנֵ֣י שִׁמְעוֹן֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לִנְמוּאֵ֗ל מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַנְּמ֣וּאֵלִ֔י לְיָמִ֕ין מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיָּֽמִינִ֑י לְיָכִ֕ין מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיָּֽכִינִֽי:
13from Zerach, the family of the clan of Zerach; and from Sha’ul, the family of the clan of Sha’ul.   יגלְזֶ֕רַח מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַזַּרְחִ֑י לְשָׁא֕וּל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשָּֽׁאוּלִֽי:
לְזֶרַח - From Zerach. 

This is Tzochar, mentioned among those who went down to Egypt, which is similar to צֹהַר “shining” and is thus a synonym of זֶרַח. However, the family of Ohad mentioned there had ceased to exist, as well as five families of the tribe of Benjamin – for he went down to Egypt with ten sons, yet here only five are enumerated, and the same applies to the family of Etzbon of the tribe of Gad – altogether seven families.

I found in Talmud Yerushalmi 2 that when Aaron passed away, the Clouds of Glory departed and the Canaanites came to attack Israel. The Israelites decided to return to Egypt and traveled back eight stops, from Mount Hor to Moserah, as it says: “The Israelites journeyed from the wells of Benei Ya’akan to Moserah. There, Aaron died.” 3 But did he not die at Mount Hor? And furthermore, there are eight stops in reverse direction from Moserah to Mount Hor! Rather, this verse tells us that they had turned back, fleeing the attack. The Levites pursued them in order to force them back, and killed seven of their families in the ensuing battle, and from among the Levites four families fell: the Shim’i family; the Uzi’el family; of the sons of Yitzhar, only the Korach family is counted here; and I do not know which is the fourth. Rabbi Tanchuma expounded that these families died in the plague that occurred in the incident of Balaam, but because of the decrease suffered by the tribe of Simeon in this census from the earlier census in the Sinai desert, it appears that all 24,000 who fell in that plague were from the tribe of Simeon.

  לְזֶרַח.  הוּא צֹחַר, לְשׁוֹן צֹהַר, אֲבָל מִשְׁפַּחַת אֹהַד בָּטְלָה, וְכֵן חָמֵשׁ מִשֵּׁבֶט בִּנְיָמִין, שֶׁהֲרֵי בַּעֲשָׂרָה בָנִים יָרַד לְמִצְרַיִם וְכָאן לֹא מָנָה אֶלָּא חֲמִשָּׁה, וְכֵן אֶצְבּוֹן לְגָד, הֲרֵי שֶׁבַע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת (תנחומא); וּמָצָאתִי בְתַלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי שֶׁכְּשֶׁמֵּת אַהֲרֹן נִסְתַּלְּקוּ עַנְנֵי כָבוֹד, וּבָאוּ הַכְּנַעֲנִים לְהִלָּחֵם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, וְנָתְנוּ לֵב לַחֲזֹר לְמִצְרַיִם, וְחָזְרוּ לַאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם שְׁמוֹנֶה מַסָּעוֹת — מֵהֹר הָהָר לְמוֹסֵרָה — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נָסְעוּ מִבְּאֵרֹת בְּנֵי יַעֲקָן מוֹסֵרָה שָׁם מֵת אַהֲרֹן" (דברים י'), וַהֲלֹא בְהֹר הָהָר מֵת וּמִמּוֹסֵרָה עַד הֹר הָהָר שְׁמוֹנֶה מַסָּעוֹת יֵשׁ לְמַפְרֵעַ? אֶלָּא שֶׁחָזְרוּ לַאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם וְרָדְפוּ בְנֵי לֵוִי אַחֲרֵיהֶם לְהַחֲזִירָם וְהָרְגוּ מֵהֶם שֶׁבַע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, וּמִבְּנֵי לֵוִי נָפְלוּ אַרְבַּע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת: מִשְׁפַּחַת שִׁמְעִי וְעֻזִּיאֵלִי, וּמִבְּנֵי יִצְהָר לֹא נִמְנוּ כָּאן אֶלָּא מִשְׁפַּחַת הַקָּרְחִי, וְהָרְבִיעִית לֹא יָדַעְתִּי מַה הִיא (תלמוד ירושלמי סוטה א'); וְרַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא דָרַשׁ שֶׁמֵּתוּ בַּמַּגֵּפָה בִּדְבַר בִּלְעָם, אֲבָל לְפִי הַחִסָּרוֹן שֶׁחָסַר מִשֵּׁבֶט שִׁמְעוֹן בְּמִנְיָן זֶה מִמִּנְיָן הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁבְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי, נִרְאֶה שֶׁכָּל כ"ד אֶלֶף נָפְלוּ מִשִּׁבְטוֹ שֶׁל שִׁמְעוֹן:
14These were the families of the tribe of Simeon, 22,200.   ידאֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת הַשִּׁמְעֹנִ֑י שְׁנַ֧יִם וְעֶשְׂרִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּמָאתָֽיִם:
15The descendants of Gad according to their families: from Tzefon, the family of the clan of Tzefon; from Chagi, the family of the clan of Chagi; from Shuni, the family of the clan of Shuni;   טובְּנֵ֣י גָד֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לִצְפ֗וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַצְּפוֹנִ֔י לְחַגִּ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחַגִּ֑י לְשׁוּנִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשּׁוּנִֽי:
16from Ozni, the family of the clan of Ozni; from Eri, the family of the clan of Eri;   טזלְאָזְנִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאָזְנִ֑י לְעֵרִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽעֵרִֽי:
לְאָזְנִי - From Ozni. I say that this is the Etzbon family, but I do not know why his family is not called by his name.   לְאָזְנִי.  אוֹמֵר אֲנִי שֶׁזּוֹ מִשְׁפַּחַת אֶצְבּוֹן (בראשית מ"ו), וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ לָמָּה לֹא נִקְרֵאת מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ עַל שְׁמוֹ:
17from Arod, the family of the clan of Arod; and from Ar’eli, the family of the clan of Ar’eli.   יזלַֽאֲר֕וֹד מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאֲרוֹדִ֑י לְאַ֨רְאֵלִ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאַרְאֵלִֽי:
18These were the families of the descendants of Gad according to those of them counted, 40,500.   יחאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת בְּנֵי־גָ֖ד לִפְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת:
19The sons of Judah were Er and Onan, but Er and Onan died in Canaan.   יטבְּנֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה עֵ֣ר וְאוֹנָ֑ן וַיָּ֥מָת עֵ֛ר וְאוֹנָ֖ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן:
20The descendants of Judah according to their families were: from Shelah, the family of the clan of Shelah; from Peretz, the family of the clan of Peretz; and from Zerach, the family of the clan of Zerach.   כוַיִּֽהְי֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָה֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְשֵׁלָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַשֵּׁ֣לָנִ֔י לְפֶ֕רֶץ מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַפַּרְצִ֑י לְזֶ֕רַח מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַזַּרְחִֽי:
21The descendants of Peretz were: from Chetzron, the family of the clan of Chetzron; from Chamul, the family of the clan of Chamul.   כאוַיִּֽהְי֣וּ בְנֵי־פֶ֔רֶץ לְחֶצְרֹ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶצְרֹנִ֑י לְחָמ֕וּל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הֶחָֽמוּלִֽי:
22These were the families of Judah according to those of them counted, 76,500.   כבאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת יְהוּדָ֖ה לִפְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֑ם שִׁשָּׁ֧ה וְשִׁבְעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת:
23The descendants of Issachar according to their families: from Tola, the family of the clan of Tola; from Puvah, the family of the clan of Puvah;   כגבְּנֵ֤י יִשָּׂשכָר֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם תּוֹלָ֕ע מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַתּֽוֹלָעִ֑י לְפֻוָּ֕ה מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַפּוּנִֽי:
24from Yashuv, the family of the clan of Yashuv; and from Shimron, the family of the clan of Shimron.   כדלְיָשׁ֕וּב מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיָּֽשֻׁבִ֑י לְשִׁמְרֹ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁמְרֹנִֽי:
לְיָשׁוּב - From Yashuv. 

This is Yov, mentioned among those who went down to Egypt, for all the families were named after those who descended to Egypt. In contrast, those born from then on did not have families named after them, with the exception of the families of Ephraim and Manasseh, for all their progenitors were born in Egypt, and Ard and Na’aman, sons of Bela son of Benjamin. I found the reason for this in the works of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan, namely, that their mother descended to Egypt when she was pregnant with them, and therefore they became separate families although they were only grandsons of Benjamin, just like Chetzron and Chamul, who were the grandsons of Judah, and Chever and Malki’el, who were the grandsons of Asher.

If this is Aggadah, fine, but if not, I say a different, contextual explanation: Bela had many sons, and from these two, Ard and Na’aman, each issued a large family. The descendants of the other sons were named after Bela, whereas the descendants of these two were named after them, forming clans in their own right. I say that the same applies to the descendants of Machir, namely, that they were divided into two families, one named after him and the other named after his son Gilead, as he had many children.

Five families of the sons of Benjamin are missing; here part of his mother’s prophecy was fulfilled, for she named him Ben-Oni, meaning “son of my grief,” and in the incident of the concubine at Giv’ah it was fulfilled entirely. This I found in the works of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan.

  לְיָשׁוּב.  הוּא יוֹב הָאָמוּר בְּיוֹרְדֵי מִצְרַיִם, כִּי כָל הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת נִקְרְאוּ עַל שֵׁם יוֹרְדֵי מִצְרַיִם, וְהַנּוֹלָדִין מִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה לֹא נִקְרְאוּ הַמִּשְׁפָּחוֹת עַל שְׁמָם, חוּץ מִמִּשְׁפְּחוֹת אֶפְרַיִם וּמְנַשֶּׁה שֶׁנּוֹלְדוּ כֻלָּם בְּמִצְרַיִם, וְאַרְדְּ וְנַעֲמָן בְּנֵי בֶלַע בֶּן בִּנְיָמִין; וּמָצָאתִי בִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן, שֶׁיָּרְדָה אִמָּן מִמִּצְרַיִם כְּשֶׁהָיְתָה מְעֻבֶּרֶת מֵהֶם, לְכָךְ נֶחְלְקוּ לְמִשְׁפָּחוֹת כְּחֶצְרוֹן וְחָמוּל שֶׁהָיוּ בְנֵי בָנִים לִיהוּדָה, וְחֶבֶר וּמַלְכִּיאֵל שֶׁהָיוּ בְנֵי בָנִים שֶׁל אָשֵׁר; וְאִם אַגָּדָה הִיא הֲרֵי טוֹב, וְאִם לָאו, אוֹמֵר אֲנִי שֶׁהָיוּ לְבֶלַע בְּנֵי בָנִים הַרְבֵּה, וּמִשְּׁנַיִם הַלָּלוּ, אַרְדְּ וְנַעֲמָן, יָצְאָה מִכָּל אֶחָד מִשְׁפָּחָה רַבָּה, וְנִקְרְאוּ תוֹלְדוֹת שְׁאָר הַבָּנִים עַל שֵׁם בֶּלַע, וְתוֹלְדוֹת הַשְּׁנַיִם הַלָּלוּ נִקְרְאוּ עַל שְׁמָם, וְכֵן אֲנִי אוֹמֵר בִּבְנֵי מָכִיר שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ לִשְׁתֵּי מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, אַחַת נִקְרֵאת עַל שְׁמוֹ, וְאַחַת נִקְרֵאת עַל שֵׁם גִּלְעָד בְּנוֹ; חָמֵשׁ מִשְׁפָּחוֹת חָסְרוּ מִבָּנָיו שֶׁל בִּנְיָמִין, כָּאן נִתְקַיְּמָה מִקְצַת נְבוּאַת אִמּוֹ שֶׁקְּרָאַתּוּ בֶן אוֹנִי — בֶּן אֲנִינוּתִי, וּבְפִילֶגֶשׁ בְּגִבְעָה (שופטים כ') נִתְקַיְּמָה כֻּלָּה. זוֹ מָצָאתִי בִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן:
25These were the families of Issachar according to those of them counted, 64,300.   כהאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת יִשָּׂשכָ֖ר לִפְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁל֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת:
26The descendants of Zebulun according to their families: from Sered, the family of the clan of Sered; from Elon, the family of the clan of Elon; from Yachle’el, the family of the clan of Yachle’el.   כובְּנֵ֣י זְבוּלֻן֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְסֶ֗רֶד מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַסַּרְדִּ֔י לְאֵל֕וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאֵֽלֹנִ֑י לְיַ֨חְלְאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיַּחְלְאֵלִֽי:
27These were the families of the tribe of Zebulun according to those of them counted, 60,500.   כזאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַזְּבֽוּלֹנִ֖י לִפְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֑ם שִׁשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת:
28The descendants of Joseph according to their families: Manasseh and Ephraim.   כחבְּנֵ֥י יוֹסֵ֖ף לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה וְאֶפְרָֽיִם:
29The descendants of Manasseh: from Machir, the family of the clan of Machir, and Machir’s son was Gilead. From Gilead, the family of the clan of Gilead.   כטבְּנֵ֣י מְנַשֶּׁ֗ה לְמָכִיר֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַמָּֽכִירִ֔י וּמָכִ֖יר הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת־גִּלְעָ֑ד לְגִלְעָ֕ד מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַגִּלְעָדִֽי:
30These were the descendants of Gilead: from I’ezer, the family of the clan of I’ezer; from Chelek, the family of the clan of Chelek;   לאֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד אִיעֶ֕זֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָאִֽיעֶזְרִ֑י לְחֵ֕לֶק מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶלְקִֽי:
31from Asri’el, the family of the clan of Asri’el; from Shechem, the family of the clan of Shechem;   לאוְאַ֨שְׂרִיאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאַשְׂרִֽאֵלִ֑י וְשֶׁ֕כֶם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁכְמִֽי:
32from Shemida, the family of the clan of Shemida; and from Chefer, the family of the clan of Chefer.   לבוּשְׁמִידָ֕ע מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשְּׁמִֽידָעִ֑י וְחֵ֕פֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶפְרִֽי:
33Tzelofchad son of Chefer had no sons, only daughters, and the names of Tzelofchad’s daughters were Machlah, No’ah, Choglah, Milkah, and Tirtzah.   לגוּצְלָפְחָ֣ד בֶּן־חֵ֗פֶר לֹא־הָ֥יוּ ל֛וֹ בָּנִ֖ים כִּ֣י אִם־בָּנ֑וֹת וְשֵׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָ֔ד מַחְלָ֣ה וְנֹעָ֔ה חָגְלָ֥ה מִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה:
34These were the families of Manasseh, and those of them counted were 52,700.   לדאֵ֖לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁנַ֧יִם וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וּשְׁבַ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת:
35These were the descendants of Ephraim according to their families: from Shutelach, the family of the clan of Shutelach; from Becher, the family of the clan of Becher; and from Tachan, the family of the clan of Tachan.   להאֵ֣לֶּה בְנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֘יִם֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְשׁוּתֶ֗לַח מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַשֻּׁ֣תַלְחִ֔י לְבֶ֕כֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַבַּכְרִ֑י לְתַ֕חַן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַתַּֽחֲנִֽי:
36These were the descendants of Shutelach: from Eran, the family of the clan of Eran.   לווְאֵ֖לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י שׁוּתָ֑לַח לְעֵרָ֕ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָעֵֽרָנִֽי:
וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי שׁוּתָלַח וגו' - These were the descendants of Shutelach… The descendants of the other sons of Shutelach were named after Shutelach, but from Eran issued a large family that was named after him, so the descendants of Shutelach are counted as two families. Go and count, and you will find 57 families listed in this passage, and another eight of the Levites, making 65 in total, and this is what it says: “for you are the least numerous (הַמְעַט) of all the peoples4i.e., ה׳ מְעַט, signifying: you number five (ה) less than the families of all the nations, which are 70. This too, I understood from the works of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan, although I had to deduct from his words and add to them.   וְאֵלֶּה בְּנֵי שׁוּתָלַח וגו'.  שְׁאָר בְּנֵי שׁוּתֶלַח נִקְרְאוּ תוֹלְדוֹתֵיהֶם עַל שֵׁם שׁוּתֶלַח, וּמֵעֵרָן יָצְאָה מִשְׁפָּחָה רַבָּה וְנִקְרֵאת עַל שְׁמוֹ, וְנֶחְשְׁבוּ בְנֵי שׁוּתֶלַח לִשְׁתֵּי מִשְׁפָּחוֹת, צֵא וַחֲשֹׁב וְתִמְצָא בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ חֲמִשִּׁים וְשֶׁבַע מִשְׁפָּחוֹת וּמִבְּנֵי לֵוִי שְׁמוֹנֶה הֲרֵי שִׁשִּׁים וְחָמֵשׁ, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי אַתֶּם הַמְעַט" וְגוֹ' — ה"א מְעַט, חָמֵשׁ אַתֶּם חֲסֵרִים מִמִּשְׁפְּחוֹת כָּל הָעַמִּים, שֶׁהֵן שִׁבְעִים. אַף זוֹ הֵבַנְתִּי מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן, אַךְ הֻצְרַכְתִּי לִפְחֹת וּלְהוֹסִיף בִּדְבָרָיו:
37These were the families of the descendants of Ephraim according to those of them counted, 32,500. These were the descendants of Joseph according to their families.   לזאֵ֣לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֤ת בְּנֵֽי־אֶפְרַ֨יִם֙ לִפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם שְׁנַ֧יִם וּשְׁלשִׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וַֽחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת אֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי־יוֹסֵ֖ף לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם:
38The descendants of Benjamin according to their families: from Bela, the family of the clan of Bela; from Ashbel, the family of the clan of Ashbel; from Achiram, the family of the clan of Achiram;   לחבְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִן֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְבֶ֗לַע מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַבַּלְעִ֔י לְאַשְׁבֵּ֕ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאַשְׁבֵּלִ֑י לַֽאֲחִירָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הָֽאֲחִֽירָמִֽי:
לַֽאֲחִירָם - From Achiram. This is Echi, who descended to Egypt; because he was named after Joseph, who was Benjamin’s brother (אָח) and more exalted (רָם) than him, he was called אֲחִירָם.   לַֽאֲחִירָם.  הוּא אֵחִי שֶׁיָּרַד לְמִצְרַיִם, וּלְפִי שֶׁנִּקְרָא עַל שֵׁם יוֹסֵף שֶׁהָיָה אָחִיו וְרָם מִמֶּנּוּ נִקְרָא אֲחִירָם:
39from Shefufam, the family of the clan of Shufam; and from Chufam, the family of the clan of Chufam.   לטלִשְׁפוּפָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשּֽׁוּפָמִ֑י לְחוּפָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַחֽוּפָמִֽי:
לִשְׁפוּפָם - From Shefufam. This is Muppim, and he was called Shefufam because Joseph was enfeebled (שָׁפוּף) among the nations.   לִשְׁפוּפָם.  הוּא מֻפִּים, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיָה יוֹסֵף שָׁפוּף בֵּין הָאֻמּוֹת:
40Bela’s sons, Ard and Na’aman: from Ard, the family of the clan of Ard; and from Na’aman, the family of the clan of Na’aman.   מוַיִּֽהְי֥וּ בְנֵי־בֶ֖לַע אַ֣רְדְּ וְנַֽעֲמָ֑ן מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הָֽאַרְדִּ֔י לְנַ֣עֲמָ֔ן מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַנַּֽעֲמִֽי:
41These were the descendants of Benjamin according to their families, and those of them counted were 45,600.   מאאֵ֥לֶּה בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מֵאֽוֹת:
42The descendants of Dan according to their families: from Shucham, the family of the clan of Shucham. These were the families of Dan according to their families.   מבאֵ֤לֶּה בְנֵי־דָן֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לְשׁוּחָ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשּֽׁוּחָמִ֑י אֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת דָּ֖ן לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם:
לְשׁוּחָם - From Shucham. This is Chushim.   לְשׁוּחָם.  הוּא חֻשִׁים:
43All the families of the clan of Shucham, according to those of them counted, 64,400.   מגכָּל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת הַשּֽׁוּחָמִ֖י לִפְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֑ם אַרְבָּעָ֧ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת:
44The descendants of Asher according to their families: from Yimnah, the family of the clan of Yimnah; from Yishvi, the family of the clan of Yishvi; from Beri’ah, the family of the clan of Beri’ah.   מדבְּנֵ֣י אָשֵׁר֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְיִמְנָ֗ה מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַיִּמְנָ֔ה לְיִשְׁוִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיִּשְׁוִ֑י לִבְרִיעָ֕ה מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַבְּרִיעִֽי:
45The descendants of Beri’ah: from Chever, the family of the clan of Chever; from Malki’el, the family of the clan of Malki’el.   מהלִבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה לְחֵ֕בֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַֽחֶבְרִ֑י לְמַ֨לְכִּיאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַמַּלְכִּֽיאֵלִֽי:
46The name of Asher’s daughter was Serach.   מווְשֵׁ֥ם בַּת־אָשֵׁ֖ר שָֽׂרַח:
וְשֵׁם בַּת־אָשֵׁר שָֽׂרַח - The name of Asher’s daughter was Serach. Because she was still alive at this time, she was listed here.   וְשֵׁם בַּת־אָשֵׁר שָֽׂרַח.  לְפִי שֶׁהָיְתָה קַיֶּמֶת בְּחַיֶּיהָ מְנָאָהּ כָּאן (סדר עולם):
47These were the families of the descendants of Asher according to those of them counted, 53,400.   מזאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לִפְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֑ם שְׁלשָׁ֧ה וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת:
48The descendants of Naphtali according to their families: from Yachtze’el, the family of the clan of Yachtze’el; from Guni, the family of the clan of Guni;   מחבְּנֵ֤י נַפְתָּלִי֙ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔ם לְיַ֨חְצְאֵ֔ל מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיַּחְצְאֵלִ֑י לְגוּנִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַגּוּנִֽי:
49from Yetzer, the family of the clan of Yetzer; and from Shilem, the family of the clan of Shilem.   מטלְיֵ֕צֶר מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַיִּצְרִ֑י לְשִׁלֵּ֕ם מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַשִּׁלֵּמִֽי:
50These were the families of Naphtali according to their families, and those of them counted were 45,400.   נאֵ֛לֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥ת נַפְתָּלִ֖י לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔ם חֲמִשָּׁ֧ה וְאַרְבָּעִ֛ים אֶ֖לֶף וְאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵאֽוֹת:
51These are those counted of the Israelites, 601,730.   נאאֵ֗לֶּה פְּקוּדֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֵֽׁשׁ־מֵא֥וֹת אֶ֖לֶף וָאָ֑לֶף שְׁבַ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת וּשְׁלשִֽׁים:

Third Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 26

52God spoke to Moses, saying,   נבוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
53“The land will be divided among these as an inheritance according to the number of names.   נגלָאֵ֗לֶּה תֵּֽחָלֵ֥ק הָאָ֛רֶץ בְּנַֽחֲלָ֖ה בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר שֵׁמֽוֹת:
לָאֵלֶּה תֵּֽחָלֵק הָאָרֶץ - The land will be divided among these - and not to those under 20 years old at this time, even though they reached the age of 20 before the division of the land – because they conquered the land for seven years and they divided it for another seven years. Despite this, only these 601,000 received a portion in the land, and if one of them had six sons under 20, they received only the portion of their father.   לָאֵלֶּה תֵּֽחָלֵק הָאָרֶץ.  וְלֹא לַפְּחוּתִים מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁבָּאוּ לִכְלַל עֶשְׂרִים בְּטֶרֶם חִלּוּק הָאָרֶץ; שֶׁהֲרֵי שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים כָּבְשׁוּ וְשֶׁבַע חִלְּקוּ, לֹא נָטְלוּ חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף וָאֶלֶף, וְאִם הָיוּ לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם שִׁשָּׁה בָנִים לֹא נָטְלוּ אֶלָּא חֵלֶק אֲבִיהֶם לְבַדּוֹ (בבא בתרא קי"ז):
54You must give a larger inheritance to the large tribe and you must give a smaller inheritance to a smaller tribe; each tribe must be given an inheritance according to its number.   נדלָרַ֗ב תַּרְבֶּה֙ נַֽחֲלָת֔וֹ וְלַֽמְעַ֕ט תַּמְעִ֖יט נַֽחֲלָת֑וֹ אִ֚ישׁ לְפִ֣י פְקֻדָ֔יו יֻתַּ֖ן נַֽחֲלָתֽוֹ:
לָרַב תַּרְבֶּה נַֽחֲלָתוֹ - You must give a larger inheritance to the large [tribe] - i.e., to a tribe that had a greater population, a large portion was given, and although the portions were not equal – since all the portions were divided according to the size of the tribe – it was nevertheless done only by means of a lot. The lottery took place by Divine inspiration, as explained in Bava Batra: 1 Eleazar the priest was dressed with the urim and tumim, and by Divine inspiration declared: “If such-and-such tribe comes up, such-and-such territory shall come up with it.” The names of the 12 tribes were inscribed on 12 tickets, and 12 regions on another 12 tickets. They were shuffled inside a box, and the prince of each tribe put his hand in and took out two slips, and miraculously, the ticket with the name of his tribe came up with the slip of the region specified for it, and the lot itself cried out and said: “I, the lot, have come up for such-and-such a region, for such-and-such a tribe,” as it says: עַל פִּי הַגּוֹרָל (lit.) “according to the word of the lot.” 2 The land was not divided solely by size, for some regions are of better quality than others, but by evaluation: e.g., a bad-quality area sown with a kor might be equivalent to a good-quality area sown with a seah (1/30 of its size), all according to the value of the land.   לָרַב תַּרְבֶּה נַֽחֲלָתוֹ.  לְשֵׁבֶט שֶׁהָיָה מְרֻבֶּה בְּאֻכְלוּסִין נָתְנוּ חֵלֶק רַב, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹא הָיוּ הַחֲלָקִים שָׁוִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי הַכֹּל לְפִי רִבּוּי הַשֵּׁבֶט חָלְקוּ הַחֲלָקִים, לֹא עָשׂוּ אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי גוֹרָל, וְהַגּוֹרָל הָיָה עַל פִּי רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בְּבָבָא בַתְרָא (דף קכ"ב): אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן הָיָה מְלֻבָּשׁ בְּאוּרִים וְתֻמִּים וְאוֹמֵר בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ אִם שֵׁבֶט פְּלוֹנִי עוֹלֶה, תְּחוּם פְּלוֹנִי עוֹלֶה עִמּוֹ, וְהַשְּׁבָטִים הָיוּ כְתוּבִים בִּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר פְּתָקִין וְי"ב גְּבוּלִין בְּי"ב פְּתָקִין, וּבְלָלוּם בַּקַּלְפִּי, וְהַנָּשִׂיא מַכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹכוֹ וְנוֹטֵל שְׁנַיִם פְּתָקִין, עוֹלֶה בְיָדוֹ פֶּתֶק שֶׁל שֵׁם שִׁבְטוֹ וּפֶתֶק שֶׁל גְּבוּל הַמְפֹרָשׁ לוֹ, וְהַגּוֹרָל עַצְמוֹ הָיָה צוֹוֵחַ וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי הַגּוֹרָל עָלִיתִי לִגְבוּל פְּלוֹנִי לְשֵבֶט פְּלוֹנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "עַל פִּי הַגּוֹרָל", וְלֹא נִתְחַלְּקָה הָאָרֶץ בְּמִדָּה, לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ גְּבוּל מְשֻׁבָּח מֵחֲבֵרוֹ, אֶלָּא בְשׁוּמָא, בֵּית כֹּר רַע כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית סְאָה טוֹב, הַכֹּל לְפִי הַדָּמִים:
55Nonetheless, the land must be divided by lot; they will inherit according to the names of their fathers’ tribes.   נהאַךְ־בְּגוֹרָ֕ל יֵֽחָלֵ֖ק אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ לִשְׁמ֥וֹת מַטֽוֹת־אֲבֹתָ֖ם יִנְחָֽלוּ:
לִשְׁמוֹת מַטֽוֹת־אֲבֹתָם - According to the names of their fathers’ tribes. “Their fathers” refers to those who left Egypt. Scripture made this inheritance different from all other inheritances in the Torah, for regarding all other inheritances, the living inherit the dead, but here, the dead inherited the living. How so? Two brothers among those who left Egypt had sons among those entering the land: one had one son, and the other had three. The single son took one portion, and the three took three, as it says: “The land will be divided among these.” 3 Their inheritance then went back to their father’s father, and everything was divided equally. And that is what it says here: “they will inherit according to the names of their fathers’ tribes,” meaning that after the sons received their portions, it was divided according to the fathers who had left Egypt. Had it been divided originally according to the number of those who left Egypt, these four sons would only have received two portions, but now they received four portions.   לִשְׁמוֹת מַטֽוֹת־אֲבֹתָם.  אֵלּוּ יוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם; שִׁנָּה הַכָּתוּב נַחֲלָה זוֹ מִכָּל הַנְּחָלוֹת שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה, שֶׁכָּל הַנְּחָלוֹת הַחַיִּים יוֹרְשִׁים אֶת הַמֵּתִים וְכָאן מֵתִים יוֹרְשִׁים אֶת הַחַיִּים, כֵּיצַד? שְׁנֵי אַחִים מִיּוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶם בָּנִים בְּבָאֵי הָאָרֶץ, לָזֶה אֶחָד וְלָזֶה שְׁלֹשָׁה, הָאֶחָד נָטַל חֵלֶק אֶחָד וְהַשְּׁלֹשָׁה נָטְלוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לָאֵלֶּה תֵּחָלֵק הָאָרֶץ, חָזְרָה נַחֲלָתָן אֵצֶל אֲבִי אֲבִיהֶן וְחָלְקוּ הַכֹּל בְּשָׁוֶה, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לשמות מטות אבתם ינחלו — שֶׁאַחַר שֶׁנָּטְלוּ הַבָּנִים, חִלְּקוּהָ לְפִי הָאָבוֹת שֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם, וְאִלּוּ מִתְּחִלָּה חִלְּקוּהָ לְמִנְיַן יוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם לֹא הָיוּ נוֹטְלִין אֵלּוּ הָאַרְבָּעָה אֶלָּא שְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים, עַכְשָׁו נָטְלוּ אַרְבָּעָה חֲלָקִים (ספרי; בבא בתרא קי"ז):
אַךְ־בְּגוֹרָל - (lit.) Only by lot. The word אַךְ indicates that Joshua and Caleb are excluded from this lottery, and so it says: “They gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses had spoken”; 4 and regarding Joshua it says: “By the word of God, they gave him the city that he requested.” 5   אַךְ־בְּגוֹרָל.  יָצְאוּ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַיִּתְּנוּ לְכָלֵב אֶת חֶבְרוֹן כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה" (שופטים א'), וְאוֹמֵר (יהושע י"ט) "עַל פִּי ה' נָתְנוּ לוֹ אֶת הָעִיר אֲשֶׁר שָׁאָל" (ספרי):
מַטֽוֹת־אֲבֹתָם - Their fathers’ tribes. This excludes converts and freed bondmen.   מַטֽוֹת־אֲבֹתָם.  יָצְאוּ גֵרִים וַעֲבָדִים:
56Its inheritance will be divided according to the lot, whether it be large or small.”   נועַל־פִּי֙ הַגּוֹרָ֔ל תֵּֽחָלֵ֖ק נַֽחֲלָת֑וֹ בֵּ֥ין רַ֖ב לִמְעָֽט:
עַל־פִּי הַגּוֹרָל - (lit.) According to the word of the lot - i.e., the lot itself spoke, as I explained above. This tells us that it was divided by Divine inspiration, and therefore it says: “By the word of God.”   עַל־פִּי הַגּוֹרָל.  הַגּוֹרָל הָיָה מְדַבֵּר, כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי, מַגִּיד שֶׁנִּתְחַלְּקָה בְרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ {לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר (יהושע י"ט) "עַל פִּי ה'"}:
57These were the tallies of the Levites according to their families: from Gershon, the family of the clan of Gershon; from Kehat, the family of the clan of Kehat; from Merari, the family of the clan of Merari.   נזוְאֵ֨לֶּה פְקוּדֵ֣י הַלֵּוִי֘ לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם֒ לְגֵֽרְשׁ֗וֹן מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת֙ הַגֵּ֣רְשֻׁנִּ֔י לִקְהָ֕ת מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַקְּהָתִ֑י לִמְרָרִ֕י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַמְּרָרִֽי:
58These were the families of Levi: The family of the clan of Livni, the family of the clan of Chevron, the family of the clan of Machli, the family of the clan of Mushi, and the family of the clan of Korach. Kehat fathered Amram.   נחאֵ֣לֶּה | מִשְׁפְּחֹ֣ת לֵוִ֗י מִשְׁפַּ֨חַת הַלִּבְנִ֜י מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַֽחֶבְרֹנִי֙ מִשְׁפַּ֤חַת הַמַּחְלִי֙ מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת הַמּוּשִׁ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֖חַת הַקָּרְחִ֑י וּקְהָ֖ת הוֹלִ֥ד אֶת־עַמְרָֽם:
אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת לֵוִי - These were the families of Levi. Missing here are the families of Shim’i and Uzi’el, and part of the family of Yitzhar.   אֵלֶּה מִשְׁפְּחֹת לֵוִי.  חָסֵר כָּאן מִשְׁפְּחוֹת הַשִּׁמְעִי וְהָעָזִּיאֵלִי וּקְצָת מִן הַיִּצְהָרִי:
59The name of Amram’s wife was Yocheved the daughter of Levi, whom she had borne to Levi in Egypt. She bore to Amram Aaron, Moses, and their sister Miriam.   נטוְשֵׁ֣ם | אֵ֣שֶׁת עַמְרָ֗ם יוֹכֶ֨בֶד֙ בַּת־לֵוִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָֽלְדָ֥ה אֹתָ֛הּ לְלֵוִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וַתֵּ֣לֶד לְעַמְרָ֗ם אֶת־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־משֶׁ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת מִרְיָ֥ם אֲחֹתָֽם:
אֲשֶׁר יָֽלְדָה אֹתָהּ לְלֵוִי בְּמִצְרָיִם - Whom she had borne to Levi - i.e., his wife had borne her in Egypt. Her birth was in Egypt, but her conception was not in Egypt, for only when they entered within its wall, she gave birth to her. She thus completed the count of 70 who came to Egypt, for when you enumerate them, you find only 69.   אֲשֶׁר יָֽלְדָה אֹתָהּ לְלֵוִי בְּמִצְרָיִם.  לֵדָתָהּ בְּמִצְרַיִם וְאֵין הוֹרָתָהּ בְּמִצְרַיִם, כְּשֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְתוֹךְ הַחוֹמָה יְלָדַתָּה, וְהִיא הִשְׁלִימָה מִנְיַן שִׁבְעִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי בִפְרָטָן אֵי אַתָּה מוֹצֵא אֶלָּא שִׁשִּׁים וָתֵשַׁע:
60Born to Aaron were Nadav, Avihu, Eleazar, and Itamar.   סוַיִּוָּלֵ֣ד לְאַֽהֲרֹ֔ן אֶת־נָדָ֖ב וְאֶת־אֲבִיה֑וּא אֶת־אֶלְעָזָ֖ר וְאֶת־אִֽיתָמָֽר:
61Nadav and Avihu died when they offered up an unauthorized fire before God.   סאוַיָּ֥מָת נָדָ֖ב וַֽאֲבִיה֑וּא בְּהַקְרִיבָ֥ם אֵשׁ־זָרָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה:
62Their tally was 23,000, which included every male one month old and over, for they were not counted among the Israelites, since no inheritance was given them among the Israelites.   סבוַיִּֽהְי֣וּ פְקֻֽדֵיהֶ֗ם שְׁלשָׁ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ אֶ֔לֶף כָּל־זָכָ֖ר מִבֶּן־חֹ֣דֶשׁ וָמָ֑עְלָה כִּ֣י | לֹ֣א הָתְפָּֽקְד֗וּ בְּתוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֠י לֹֽא־נִתַּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ נַֽחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
כִּי לֹא הָתְפָּֽקְדוּ בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל - For they were not counted among the Israelites - to be counted beginning from the age of 20 years. And why was this? –   כִּי לֹא הָתְפָּֽקְדוּ בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.  לִהְיוֹת נִמְנִין בְּנֵי עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה, מַה טַּעַם?:
כִּי לֹֽא־נִתַּן לָהֶם נַֽחֲלָה - Since no inheritance was given them - and those who were counted from 20 years were those receiving inheritance, as it says: “each tribe must be given an inheritance according to its (lit.) counted ones.” 6   כִּי לֹֽא־נִתַּן לָהֶם נַֽחֲלָה.  וְהַנִּמְנִין מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה הָיוּ בְנֵי נַחֲלָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "אִישׁ לְפִי פְקֻדָיו יֻתַּן נַחֲלָתוֹ":
63These were the tallies taken by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who counted the Israelites in the plains of Moab, by the Jordan River, opposite Jericho.   סגאֵ֚לֶּה פְּקוּדֵ֣י משֶׁ֔ה וְאֶלְעָזָ֖ר הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֲשֶׁ֨ר פָּֽקְד֜וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּעַרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב עַ֖ל יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵחֽוֹ:
64Among these there was no man who had been in the tally of Moses and Aaron the priest when they counted the Israelites in the Sinai desert.   סדוּבְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ לֹא־הָ֣יָה אִ֔ישׁ מִפְּקוּדֵ֣י משֶׁ֔ה וְאַֽהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּֽקְד֛וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי:
וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא־הָיָה אִישׁ וגו' - Among these there was no man…. but the decree resulting from the sin of the spies was not decreed upon the women, because they held the land dear. The men said, “Let us appoint a leader and return to Egypt,” 7 but the women said: “Give us an estate.” 8 Therefore the passage about the daughters of Tzelofchad is placed after this one.   וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא־הָיָה אִישׁ וגו'.  אֲבָל עַל הַנָּשִׁים לֹא נִגְזְרָה גְזֵרַת הַמְרַגְּלִים, לְפִי שֶׁהֵן הָיוּ מְחַבְּבוֹת אֶת הָאָרֶץ, הָאֲנָשִׁים אוֹמְרִים נִתְּנָה רֹאשׁ וְנָשׁוּבָה מִצְרַיְמָה, וְהַנָּשִׁים אוֹמְרוֹת "תְּנָה לָּנוּ אֲחֻזָּה", לְכָךְ נִסְמְכָה פָרָשַׁת בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד לְכָאן (תנחומא):
65For God had said to them, “They will surely die in the desert,” and no one remained of them other than Caleb son of Yefuneh and Joshua son of Nun.   סהכִּֽי־אָמַ֤ר יְהֹוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם מ֥וֹת יָמֻ֖תוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְלֹֽא־נוֹתַ֤ר מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִֽיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן:

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 27

1The daughters of Tzelofchad son of Chefer son of Gilead son of Machir son of Manasseh, of the families of Manasseh son of Joseph, came forward. His daughters’ names were Machlah, No’ah, Choglah, Milkah, and Tirtzah.   אוַתִּקְרַ֜בְנָה בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָ֗ד בֶּן־חֵ֤פֶר בֶּן־גִּלְעָד֙ בֶּן־מָכִ֣יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לְמִשְׁפְּחֹ֖ת מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בֶן־יוֹסֵ֑ף וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ שְׁמ֣וֹת בְּנֹתָ֔יו מַחְלָ֣ה נֹעָ֔ה וְחָגְלָ֥ה וּמִלְכָּ֖ה וְתִרְצָֽה:
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹת מְנַשֶּׁה בֶּן־יוֹסֵף - Of the families of Manasseh son of Joseph. Why is this stated? Does it not already say: “son of Manasseh”? It is only to tell you that Joseph held the land dear – as it says: “you must take my bones up…” 9 – and his daughters likewise held the land dear, as it says: “Give us an estate.” 10 And it is stated also to teach you that they were all righteous, for anyone whose own deeds and those of his fathers are unspecified, and Scripture specifically traces his lineage to one of them in a praiseworthy context, this indicates that he is both righteous and descended from the righteous. But if it traces his lineage in a shameful context, such as: “Yishmael son of Netanyah son of Elishama came…and smote Gedaliah,” 11 it is certain that all those mentioned along with him were wicked.   לְמִשְׁפְּחֹת מְנַשֶּׁה בֶּן־יוֹסֵף.  לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? וַהֲלֹא כְבָר נֶאֱמַר בן מנשה, אֶלָּא לוֹמַר לְךָ, יוֹסֵף חִבֵּב אֶת הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַעֲלִתֶם אֶת עַצְמֹתַי" וְגוֹ' (בראשית נ') וּבְנוֹתָיו חִבְּבוּ אֶת הָאָרֶץ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תְּנָה לָּנוּ אֲחֻזָּה, וּלְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁהָיוּ כֻלָּם צַדִּיקִים, שֶׁכָּל מִי שֶׁמַּעֲשָׂיו וּמַעֲשֵׂה אֲבוֹתָיו סְתוּמִים וּפֵרֵט לְךָ הַכָּתוּב בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶם לְיַחֲסוֹ לְשֶׁבַח, הֲרֵי זֶה צַדִּיק בֶּן צַדִּיק, וְאִם יִחֲסוֹ לִגְנַאי, כְּגוֹן "בָּא יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן נְתַנְיָה בֶּן אֱלִישָׁמָע" (מלכים ב כ"ה), בְיָדוּעַ שֶׁכָּל הַנִּזְכָּרִים עִמּוֹ רְשָׁעִים הָיוּ (ספרי):
מַחְלָה נֹעָה וגו' - Machlah, No’ah…. Elsewhere it says: “Machlah, Tirtzah, Choglah, Milkah, and No’ah married….” 12 Scripture here tells us that they were all equal in wisdom, and therefore lists them out of birth order.   מַחְלָה נֹעָה וגו'.  וּלְהַלָּן (במדבר לו יא) הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה תִרְצָה", מַגִּיד שֶׁכֻּלָּן שְׁקוּלוֹת — זוֹ כְּזוֹ, לְפִיכָךְ שִׁנָּה אֶת סִדְרָן (שם):
2They stood before Moses, before Eleazar the priest, and before the princes and the entire community at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, saying,   בוַתַּֽעֲמֹ֜דְנָה לִפְנֵ֣י משֶׁ֗ה וְלִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֥י הַנְּשִׂיאִ֖ם וְכָל־הָֽעֵדָ֑ה פֶּ֥תַח אֹֽהֶל־מוֹעֵ֖ד לֵאמֹֽר:
לִפְנֵי משֶׁה וְלִפְנֵי אֶלְעָזָר - Before Moses and before Eleazar the priest - This tells us that although their father died earlier, they stood before them only in the fortieth year, after Aaron had died.   לִפְנֵי משֶׁה וְלִפְנֵי אֶלְעָזָר.  מַגִּיד שֶׁלֹּא עָמְדוּ לִפְנֵיהֶם אֶלָּא בִשְׁנַת הָאַרְבָּעִים, אַחַר שֶׁמֵּת אַהֲרֹן (שם):
לִפְנֵי משֶׁה - Before Moses - and only afterwards before Eleazar? Can it be that if Moses did not know, Eleazar knew? Rather, change the order of phrases in the verse and thus explain it. This is the opinion of Rabbi Yoshiyah. Aba Chanan in the name of Rabbi Elazar says: They were all sitting in the study hall, and they came and stood before all of them.   לִפְנֵי משֶׁה.  וְאַחַר כָּךְ לִפְנֵי אֶלְעָזָר? אֶפְשַׁר אִם מֹשֶׁה לֹא יָדַע אֶלְעָזָר יוֹדֵעַ? אֶלָּא סָרֵס הַמִּקְרָא וְדָרְשֵׁהוּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יֹאשִׁיָּה. אַבָּא חָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ הָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִים וְעָמְדוּ לִפְנֵי כֻלָּם (שם; בבא בתרא קי"ט):
3“Our father died in the desert. He was not part of the community that convened against God in Korach’s community; rather, he died on account of his own sin. He had no sons.   גאָבִ֘ינוּ֘ מֵ֣ת בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ וְה֨וּא לֹֽא־הָיָ֜ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הָֽעֵדָ֗ה הַנּֽוֹעָדִ֛ים עַל־יְהֹוָ֖ה בַּֽעֲדַת־קֹ֑רַח כִּֽי־בְחֶטְא֣וֹ מֵ֔ת וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־הָ֥יוּ לֽוֹ:
וְהוּא לֹֽא־הָיָה וגו' - He was not… Since they were coming to say that he died for his sin, they needed to say that his sin was not the sin of those who complained after the spies’ report, nor was he in Korach’s community who incited the people against the Holy One, blessed be He, but he died only because of his own sin, without causing others to sin with him. Rabbi Akiva says: He was the one who gathered wood on the Sabbath, and Rabbi Shimon says: He was one of those who defiantly proceeded toward the Land of Israel after the incident of the spies.   וְהוּא לֹֽא־הָיָה וגו'.  לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ בָאוֹת לוֹמַר בחטאו מת, נִזְקְקוּ לוֹמַר לֹא בְחֵטְא מִתְלוֹנְנִים וְלֹא בַעֲדַת קֹרַח שֶׁהִצּוּ עַל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הָיָה, אֶלָּא בְּחֶטְאוֹ לְבַדּוֹ מֵת, וְלֹא הֶחֱטִיא אֶת אֲחֵרִים עִמּוֹ (ספרי); רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר מְקוֹשֵׁשׁ עֵצִים הָיָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר מִן הַמַּעְפִּילִים הָיָה (שבת צ"ו):
4Why should our father’s name be eliminated from his family because he had no son? Give us an estate along with our father’s brothers.”   דלָ֣מָּה יִגָּרַ֤ע שֵֽׁם־אָבִ֨ינוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ מִשְׁפַּחְתּ֔וֹ כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ בֵּ֑ן תְּנָה־לָּ֣נוּ אֲחֻזָּ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֵ֥י אָבִֽינוּ:
לָמָּה יִגָּרַע שֵֽׁם־אָבִינוּ - Why should our father’s name be eliminated. We stand in place of a son and should receive his inheritance; and if it be countered that females are not considered offspring in this respect, let us not be considered disqualifying offspring with respect to our mother’s eligibility for levirate marriage: Let our mother undergo levirate marriage with her brother-in-law, and he will then receive a portion of land in our father’s name.   לָמָּה יִגָּרַע שֵֽׁם־אָבִינוּ.  אָנוּ בִּמְקוֹם בֵּן עוֹמְדוֹת, וְאִם אֵין הַנְּקֵבוֹת חֲשׁוּבוֹת זֶרַע, תִּתְיַבֵּם אִמֵּנוּ לְיָבָם (בבא בתרא קיט):
כִּי אֵין לוֹ בֵּן - Because he had no son - these extra words indicate that if he had had any son, even one too young to inherit, they would not have demanded anything. This tells us that they were wise women.   כִּי אֵין לוֹ בֵּן.  הָא אִם הָיָה לוֹ בֵן, לֹא הָיוּ תוֹבְעוֹת כְּלוּם, מַגִּיד שֶׁחַכְמָנִיּוֹת הָיוּ (שם):
5Moses brought their case before God.   הוַיַּקְרֵ֥ב משֶׁ֛ה אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטָ֖ן לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה:
וַיַּקְרֵב משֶׁה אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטָן - Moses brought their (lit.) ruling - He forgot the law that had been taught to him earlier. Here he was punished for having assumed authority by self-assuredly saying: “Bring to me any case that is too difficult for you.” 13 Another explanation: This section was indeed fitting to have been written through Moses as well as communicated through him, but the daughters of Tzelofchad merited that it be written through them.   וַיַּקְרֵב משֶׁה אֶת־מִשְׁפָּטָן.  נִתְעַלְּמָה הֲלָכָה מִמֶּנּוּ, וְכָאן נִפְרַע עַל שֶׁנָּטַל עֲטָרָה לוֹמַר (דברים א') "וְהַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יִקְשֶׁה מִכֶּם תַּקְרִבוּן אֵלַי"; דָּבָר אַחֵר — רְאוּיָה הָיְתָה פָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְהִכָּתֵב עַל יְדֵי מֹשֶׁה, אֶלָּא שֶׁזָּכוּ בְנוֹת צְלָפְחָד וְנִכְתְּבָה עַל יָדָן (בבא בתרא קי"ט; סנהדרין ח'):

Fourth Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 27

6God spoke to Moses, saying:   ווַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
7“Tzelofchad’s daughters speak correctly. Give, yes, you must give them an estate of land-inheritance along with their father’s brothers, and you must transfer their father’s inheritance to them.   זכֵּ֗ן בְּנ֣וֹת צְלָפְחָד֘ דֹּֽבְרֹת֒ נָתֹ֨ן תִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת נַֽחֲלָ֔ה בְּת֖וֹךְ אֲחֵ֣י אֲבִיהֶ֑ם וְהַֽעֲבַרְתָּ֛ אֶת־נַֽחֲלַ֥ת אֲבִיהֶ֖ן לָהֶֽן:
כֵּן בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד דֹּֽבְרֹת - Tzelofchad’s daughters speak correctly. The meaning of the word כֵּן is as Onkelos translates it: יָאוּת “correct.” Thus is this passage written before Me on High, the law being as they intuited it to be. This tells us that their eyes perceived that which Moses’ eyes did not.   כֵּן בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד דֹּֽבְרֹת.  כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, "יָאוּת" — כָּךְ כְּתוּבָה פָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְפָנַי בַּמָּרוֹם, מַגִּיד שֶׁרָאֲתָה עֵינָן מַה שֶּׁלֹּא רָאֲתָה עֵינוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה (תנחומא):
כֵּן בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד דֹּֽבְרֹת - Tzelofchad’s daughters speak correctly. They have made a lawful claim. Fortunate is the person with whose words the Holy One, blessed be He, concurs.   כֵּן בְּנוֹת צְלָפְחָד דֹּֽבְרֹת.  יָפֶה תָּבְעוּ, אַשְׁרֵי אָדָם שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מוֹדֶה לִדְבָרָיו (ספרי):
נָתֹן תִּתֵּן - Give, yes, you must give - two portions: the portion of their father, who was among those who left Egypt, and his portion with his brothers in the property of their father Chefer.   נָתֹן תִּתֵּן.  שְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים, חֵלֶק אֲבִיהֶן שֶׁהָיָה מִיּוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם, וְחֶלְקוֹ עִם אֶחָיו בְּנִכְסֵי חֵפֶר (בבא בתרא קי"ח):
וְהַֽעֲבַרְתָּ - And you must transfer. This word has the connotation of Divine wrath (עֶבְרָה), which is directed toward one who does not strive to leave a son to inherit him. Another explanation: This term is used to indicate that a daughter can cause inheritance to pass from one tribe to another if her son and her husband of another tribe inherit her – for the statement: “and no inheritance will be transferred from one tribe to another tribe1 was commanded for that generation only. Similarly, it says: וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּם אֶת נַחֲלָתוֹ לְבִתּוֹ “you must transfer his inheritance to his daughter” 2 – with all other inheritors it says: וּנְתַתֶּם “you must give,” but regarding the daughter it says: וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּם “you must transfer.”   וְהַֽעֲבַרְתָּ.  לְשׁוֹן עֶבְרָה הוּא בְּמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַנִּיחַ בֵּן לְיָרְשׁוֹ. דָּבָר אַחֵר — עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהַבַּת מַעֲבֶרֶת נַחֲלָה מִשֵּׁבֶט לְשֵׁבֶט, שֶׁבְּנָהּ וּבַעְלָהּ יוֹרְשִׁין אוֹתָהּ — שֶׁ"לֹא תִסֹּב נַחֲלָה" (במדבר ל"ו) לֹא נִצְטַוָּה אֶלָּא לְאוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר בִּלְבַד (בבא בתרא ק"כ) — וְכֵן וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּם אֶת נַחֲלָתוֹ לְבִתּוֹ, בְּכֻלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר "וּנְתַתֶּם" וּבַבַּת הוּא אוֹמֵר "וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּם":
8Speak to the Israelites, saying: ‘If a man dies and has no son, you must transfer his inheritance to his daughter.   חוְאֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל תְּדַבֵּ֣ר לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ כִּֽי־יָמ֗וּת וּבֵן֙ אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְהַֽעֲבַרְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ לְבִתּֽוֹ:
9If he has no daughter, you must give his inheritance to his brothers.   טוְאִם־אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ בַּ֑ת וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ לְאֶחָֽיו:
10If he has no brothers, you must give his inheritance to his father’s brothers.   יוְאִם־אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ אַחִ֑ים וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם אֶת־נַֽחֲלָת֖וֹ לַֽאֲחֵ֥י אָבִֽיו:
11If his father has no brothers, you must give his inheritance to his closest relative in his family, who must inherit it. This will be the legal rule for the Israelites, as God commanded Moses.’”   יאוְאִם־אֵ֣ין אַחִים֘ לְאָבִיו֒ וּנְתַתֶּ֣ם אֶת־נַֽחֲלָת֗וֹ לִשְׁאֵר֞וֹ הַקָּרֹ֥ב אֵלָ֛יו מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּ֖וֹ וְיָרַ֣שׁ אֹתָ֑הּ וְהָ֨יְתָ֜ה לִבְנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְחֻקַּ֣ת מִשְׁפָּ֔ט כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
לִשְׁאֵרוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ - To his closest relative in his family - and only the father’s family is called “family” in this regard.   לִשְׁאֵרוֹ הַקָּרֹב אֵלָיו מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ.  וְאֵין מִשְׁפָּחָה קְרוּיָה אֶלָּא מִצַּד הָאָב (שם ק"ט):
12God said to Moses, “Go up to this Mountain of the Passes and look at the land that I have given to the Israelites.   יבוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֔ה עֲלֵ֛ה אֶל־הַ֥ר הָֽעֲבָרִ֖ים הַזֶּ֑ה וּרְאֵה֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תִּי לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
עֲלֵה אֶל־הַר הָֽעֲבָרִים - Go up to this Mountain of the Passes. Why does this follow here? Since the Holy One, blessed be He, had said: “Give, yes, you must give them an estate…,” 3 Moses said to himself: “The Omnipresent has instructed me to apportion the land. Maybe this means that the decree has been annulled, and I will enter the land.” But the Holy One, blessed be He, answered him: “My decree remains in force.” Another explanation: Once Moses had entered the portion that would belong to the descendants of Gad and the descendants of Reuben, he rejoiced and said: “It seems that the vow concerning me has been released!” This is comparable to a king who decreed that his son not enter the doors of his palace. The king went through the gate and the son went in after him; he entered the courtyard and the son went in after him; he entered the main hall and the son went in after him. However when he was about to enter the private room, the king said to his son: “My son, from this point further you are forbidden to enter.”   עֲלֵה אֶל־הַר הָֽעֲבָרִים.  לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה לְכָאן? כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא נָתֹן תִּתֵּן לָהֶם, אָמַר אוֹתִי צִוָּה הַמָּקוֹם לְהַנְחִיל, שֶׁמָּא הֻתְּרָה הַגְּזֵרָה וְאֶכָּנֵס לָאָרֶץ? אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא גְּזֵרָתִי בִּמְקוֹמָהּ עוֹמֶדֶת. דָּבָר אַחֵר — כֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּכְנַס מֹשֶׁה לְנַחֲלַת בְּנֵי גָד וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן שָׂמַח וְאָמַר, כִּמְדֻמֶּה שֶׁהֻתַּר לִי נִדְרִי; מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁגָּזַר עַל בְּנוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס לְפֶתַח פָּלָטִין שֶׁלּוֹ, נִכְנַס לַשַּׁעַר וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו, לֶחָצֵר וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו, לַטְּרַקְלִין וְהוּא אַחֲרָיו, כֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא לִכָּנֵס לַקִּיטוֹן, אָמַר לוֹ בְּנִי מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ אַתָּה אָסוּר לִכָּנֵס (ספרי):
13And when you have seen it, you too will be gathered to your people, just as Aaron your brother was gathered,   יגוְרָאִ֣יתָה אֹתָ֔הּ וְנֶֽאֱסַפְתָּ֥ אֶל־עַמֶּ֖יךָ גַּם־אָ֑תָּה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר נֶֽאֱסַ֖ף אַֽהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִֽיךָ:
כַּֽאֲשֶׁר נֶֽאֱסַף אַֽהֲרֹן אָחִֽיךָ - Just as Aaron your brother was gathered. From here, we see that Moses desired Aaron’s form of death. Another explanation: You are no better than him, as stated regarding them both: “because you did not sanctify Me…,” 4 from which we may infer: “if you had sanctified Me, your time to leave this world would not yet have come.” Wherever their death is recorded, it also records their offense. Since it was decreed that the generation of the desert die in the desert for the sin of not believing in God’s power, Moses requested that his offense be recorded, so that it not be said that he was also among the rebels. This may be compared to the case of two women being given lashes in court: one acted immorally, and the other ate unripe figs in the seventh year…; (the latter requested her offense to be announced, so that people not imagine she had also acted immorally, like the other). The same applies here: wherever it mentions their death, it mentions their offense, in order to publicize that they had no other sin except this one.   כַּֽאֲשֶׁר נֶֽאֱסַף אַֽהֲרֹן אָחִֽיךָ.  מִכָּאן שֶׁנִּתְאַוָּה מֹשֶׁה לְמִיתָתוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן (שם); דָּבָר אַחֵר — אֵין אַתָּה טוֹב מִמֶּנּוּ, "עַל אֲשֶׁר לֹא קִדַּשְׁתֶּם" (דברים לב, נא), הָא אִם קִדַּשְׁתֶּם אוֹתִי עֲדַיִן לֹא הִגִּיעַ זְמַנְכֶם לְהִפָּטֵר (שם); בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁכָּתַב מִיתָתָם כָּתַב סֻרְחָנָם, לְפִי שֶׁנִּגְזְרָה גְזֵרָה עַל דּוֹר הַמִּדְבָּר לָמוּת בַּמִּדְבָּר בְּעָוֹן שֶׁלֹּא הֶאֱמִינוּ, לְכָךְ בִּקֵּשׁ מֹשֶׁה שֶׁיִּכָּתֵב סֻרְחָנוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ אַף הוּא מִן הַמַּמְרִים הָיָה, מָשָׁל לִשְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁלּוֹקוֹת בְּבֵית דִּין, אַחַת קִלְקְלָה וְאַחַת אָכְלָה פַגֵּי שְׁבִיעִית וְכוּ', אַף כָּאן בְּכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁהִזְכִּיר מִיתָתָן הִזְכִּיר סֻרְחָנָן, לְהוֹדִיעַ שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בָהֶם אֶלָּא זוֹ בִּלְבַד (יומא פ"ו):
14because you disobeyed My command in the desert of Tzin—when the community quarreled—to sanctify Me through the water in their presence; this was ‘the water of contention’ at Kadesh, in the Tzin desert.”   ידכַּֽאֲשֶׁר֩ מְרִיתֶ֨ם פִּ֜י בְּמִדְבַּר־צִ֗ן בִּמְרִיבַת֙ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה לְהַקְדִּישֵׁ֥נִי בַמַּ֖יִם לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם הֵ֛ם מֵֽי־מְרִיבַ֥ת קָדֵ֖שׁ מִדְבַּר־צִֽן:
הֵם מֵֽי־מְרִיבַת קָדֵשׁ - This was ‘the water of contention’ at Kadesh - i.e., this alone caused their death, for they had no other sin. Another explanation: this (i.e., water) caused rebellion at Marah; this caused rebellion at the Sea of Reeds; and this was what caused rebellion in the Tzin Desert.   הֵם מֵֽי־מְרִיבַת קָדֵשׁ.  הֵם לְבַדָּם — אֵין בָּהֶם עָוֹן אַחֵר; דָּבָר אַחֵר — הֵם שֶׁהִמְרוּ בְמָרָה, הֵם הָיוּ שֶׁהִמְרוּ בְיַם סוּף, הֵם עַצְמָם שֶׁהִמְרוּ בְמִדְבַּר צִן:
15Moses spoke to God, saying,   טווַיְדַבֵּ֣ר משֶׁ֔ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר:
וַיְדַבֵּר משֶׁה אֶל־ה' וגו' - Moses spoke to God… This is stated to inform us of the praise of the righteous, that when they leave this world, they put aside their own needs and occupy themselves with the needs of the community.   וַיְדַבֵּר משֶׁה אֶל־ה' וגו'.  לְהוֹדִיעַ שִׁבְחָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים, כְּשֶׁנִּפְטָרִים מִן הָעוֹלָם מַנִּיחִים צָרְכָּן, וְעוֹסְקִין בְּצָרְכֵי צִבּוּר (ספרי):
לֵאמֹֽר - Saying - i.e., he said to Him: “Answer me if You will appoint a leader for them or not.”   לֵאמֹֽר.  אָמַר לוֹ, הֲשִׁיבֵנִי אִם אַתָּה מְמַנֶּה לָהֶם פַּרְנָס אִם לָאו (שם):
16“Let God, the God of the spirits of all flesh appoint a man over the community,   טזיִפְקֹ֣ד יְהֹוָ֔ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הָֽרוּחֹ֖ת לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר אִ֖ישׁ עַל־הָֽעֵדָֽה:
יִפְקֹד ה' - Let God appoint. Once Moses heard that the Omnipresent had said to him: “Give the inheritance of Tzelofchad to his daughters,” he said: “The time has come to claim my needs, that my sons inherit my position.” However the Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: “This is not what I have planned. Rather, Joshua is worthy of receiving the reward for his attending you, for he never left the tent. And this is what King Solomon said: “One who cares for a fig tree will eat its fruit.” 5   יִפְקֹד ה'.  כֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁמַע מֹשֶׁה שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַמָּקוֹם תֵּן נַחֲלַת צְלָפְחָד לִבְנוֹתָיו, אָמַר הִגִּיעַ שָׁעָה שֶׁאֶתְבַּע צָרְכִּי — שֶׁיִּירְשׁוּ בָּנַי אֶת גְּדֻלָּתִי, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא כָךְ עָלְתָה בְמַחֲשָׁבָה לְפָנַי, כְּדַאי הוּא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לִטֹּל שְׂכַר שִׁמּוּשׁוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מָשׁ מִתּוֹךְ הָאֹהֶל (שמות ל״ג:י״א), וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה (משלי כ"ז) "נוֹצֵר תְּאֵנָה יֹאכַל פִּרְיָהּ" (תנחומא):
אֱלֹהֵי הָֽרוּחֹת - The God of the spirits. Why is this stated? Moses said before Him: “Master of the world! The mind of each individual is revealed and known to You, and they do not resemble one another. Appoint over them a leader who can relate to each and every person according to his disposition.”   אֱלֹהֵי הָֽרוּחֹת.  לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר? אָמַר לְפָנָיו, רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, גָּלוּי לְפָנֶיךָ דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, וְאֵינָן דּוֹמִין זֶה לָזֶה, מַנֵּה עֲלֵיהֶם מַנְהִיג שֶׁיְּהֵא סוֹבֵל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד לְפִי דַעְתּוֹ (מדרש תנחומא פנחס י, ילקוט שמעוני):
17who will go forth before them and come back before them, and who will lead them out and bring them in, so the community of God will not be like a flock without a shepherd.”   יזאֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵ֣א לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וַֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר יָבֹא֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר יֽוֹצִיאֵ֖ם וַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר יְבִיאֵ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תִֽהְיֶה֙ עֲדַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֔ה כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־לָהֶ֖ם רֹעֶֽה:
אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא לִפְנֵיהֶם - Who will go forth before them - i.e., not like the manner of the kings of the nations, who stay at home while sending their troops off to war, but as I did, that I fought against Sichon and Og, as it says: “Do not fear him, for I have delivered him…into your hand,” 6 and similar to how Joshua acted later, as it says: “Joshua approached him and said to him, ‘Are you on our side or our enemies?’7 Similarly, regarding David it says: “for he would go forth and arrive before them” 8i.e., he goes forth at their head and comes back at their head.   אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא לִפְנֵיהֶם.  לֹא כְדֶרֶךְ מַלְכֵי הָאֻמּוֹת שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִים בְּבָתֵּיהֶם וּמְשַׁלְּחִין אֶת חַיָּלוֹתֵיהֶם לַמִּלְחָמָה, אֶלָּא כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשִׂיתִי אֲנִי, שֶׁנִּלְחַמְתִּי בְסִיחוֹן וּבְעוֹג, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כ"א) "אַל תִּירָא אֹתוֹ", וּכְדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיֵּלֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֵלָיו וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ הֲלָנוּ אַתָּה" וְגוֹ' (יהושע ה'), וְכֵן בְּדָוִד הוּא אוֹמֵר (שמואל א י"ח) "כִּי הוּא יוֹצֵא וָבָא לִפְנֵיהֶם" — יוֹצֵא בָּרֹאשׁ וְנִכְנָס בָּרֹאשׁ (ספרי):
וַֽאֲשֶׁר יֽוֹצִיאֵם - Who will lead them out - in his merits.   וַֽאֲשֶׁר יֽוֹצִיאֵם.  בִּזְכֻיּוֹתָיו:
וַֽאֲשֶׁר יְבִיאֵם - And bring them in - – in his merits. Another explanation: “And bring them in”I ask that You not do to him as You are doing to me, decreeing that I am not bringing them into the land.   וַֽאֲשֶׁר יְבִיאֵם.  בִּזְכֻיּוֹתָיו. דָּבָר אַחֵר — ואשר יביאם, שֶׁלֹּא תַעֲשֶׂה לוֹ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁאַתָּה עוֹשֶׂה לִּי, שֶׁאֵינִי מַכְנִיסָן לָאָרֶץ (ילקוט שמעוני):
18God said to Moses, “Convince Joshua son of Nun to accept this position. He is a man of spirit. You must lay your hand upon him.   יחוַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶל־משֶׁ֗ה קַח־לְךָ֙ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֔וּן אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ר֣וּחַ בּ֑וֹ וְסָֽמַכְתָּ֥ אֶת־יָֽדְךָ֖ עָלָֽיו:
קַח־לְךָ - (lit.) Take you - i.e., convince him with words: “Fortunate are you that you have merited to lead the children of the Omnipresent!”   קַח־לְךָ.  קָחֶנּוּ בִּדְבָרִים — אַשְׁרֶךָ שֶׁזָּכִיתָ לְהַנְהִיג בָּנָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם:
לְךָ - (lit.) You - i.e., take the one whose quality has been verified by you; this one you are familiar with.   לְךָ.  אֶת שֶׁבָּדוּק לְךָ, אֶת שֶׁאַתָּה מַכִּיר:
אֲשֶׁר־רוּחַ בּוֹ - Of spirit - as you requested, for he is able to deal with each individual’s disposition.   אֲשֶׁר־רוּחַ בּוֹ.  כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁאַלְתָּ, שֶׁיּוּכַל לַהֲלֹךְ כְּנֶגֶד רוּחוֹ שֶׁל כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד (ספרי):
וְסָֽמַכְתָּ אֶת־יָֽדְךָ עָלָֽיו - You must lay your hand upon him - i.e., give him a spokesman so that he can discourse during your lifetime, so that people not say of him that he was unable to lift his head in Moses’ time.   וְסָֽמַכְתָּ אֶת־יָֽדְךָ עָלָֽיו.  תֵּן לוֹ מְתֻרְגְּמָן שֶׁיִּדְרֹשׁ בְּחַיֶּיךָ, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ עָלָיו, לֹא הָיָה לוֹ לְהָרִים רֹאשׁ בִּימֵי מֹשֶׁה:
19You must present him before Eleazar the priest and before the entire community, and command him in their presence.   יטוְהַֽעֲמַדְתָּ֣ אֹת֗וֹ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָֽעֵדָ֑ה וְצִוִּיתָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶֽם:
וְצִוִּיתָה אֹתוֹ - And command him - about the Israelites: Know that they are troublesome and they are stubborn. You are given this position on condition that you accept this burden upon yourself.   וְצִוִּיתָה אֹתוֹ.  עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, דַּע שֶׁטַּרְחָנִין הֵם, סַרְבָנִים הֵם, עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּקַבֵּל עָלֶיךָ (ספרי במדבר י"א):
20You must bestow some of your majesty upon him, so that all the community of the Israelites heed him.   כוְנָֽתַתָּ֥ה מֵהֽוֹדְךָ֖ עָלָ֑יו לְמַ֣עַן יִשְׁמְע֔וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
וְנָֽתַתָּה מֵהֽוֹדְךָ עָלָיו - You must bestow some of your majesty upon him. This refers to the shining skin of your face.   וְנָֽתַתָּה מֵהֽוֹדְךָ עָלָיו.  זֶה קֵרוּן עוֹר פָּנִים:
מֵהֽוֹדְךָ - Some of your majesty - but not all your majesty. We thus derive that the face of Moses was like the sun and the face of Joshua was like the moon.   מֵהֽוֹדְךָ.  וְלֹא כָּל הוֹדְךָ, וּמָצִינוּ לְמֵדִין פְּנֵי מֹשֶׁה כַּחַמָּה פְּנֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כַּלְּבָנָה (ספרי; בבא בתרא ע"ה):
לְמַעַן יִשְׁמְעוּ כָּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל - So that all the community of the Israelites (lit.) hear - i.e., that they treat him with respect and reverence, just as they treat you.   לְמַעַן יִשְׁמְעוּ כָּל־עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵֽל.  שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נוֹהֲגִין בּוֹ כָּבוֹד וְיִרְאָה, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנּוֹהֲגִין בְּךָ:
21He will stand before Eleazar the priest and ask him the counsel of the urim and tumim before God. By his word they will go out, and by his word they will come back—he and all Israel with him, and the entire community.”   כאוְלִפְנֵ֨י אֶלְעָזָ֤ר הַכֹּהֵן֙ יַֽעֲמֹ֔ד וְשָׁ֥אַל ל֛וֹ בְּמִשְׁפַּ֥ט הָֽאוּרִ֖ים לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה עַל־פִּ֨יו יֵֽצְא֜וּ וְעַל־פִּ֣יו יָבֹ֗אוּ ה֛וּא וְכָל־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל אִתּ֖וֹ וְכָל־הָֽעֵדָֽה:
וְלִפְנֵי אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן יַֽעֲמֹד - He will stand before Eleazar the priest. This is in reference to the request that you made, for this honor will not be removed from your father’s house, for even Joshua will need to consult Eleazar.   וְלִפְנֵי אֶלְעָזָר הַכֹּהֵן יַֽעֲמֹד.  הֲרֵי שְׁאֵלָתְךָ שֶׁשָּׁאַלְתָּ, שֶׁאֵין הַכָּבוֹד הַזֶּה זָז מִבֵּית אָבִיךָ, שֶׁאַף יְהוֹשֻׁעַ יְהֵא צָרִיךְ לְאֶלְעָזָר (תנחומא):
וְשָׁאַל לוֹ - And ask him - when he deems it necessary to go to war.   וְשָׁאַל לוֹ.  כְּשֶׁיִּצְטָרֵךְ לָצֵאת לַמִּלְחָמָה:
עַל־פִּיו - By his word - i.e., that of Eleazar.   עַל־פִּיו.  שֶׁל אֶלְעָזָר:
וְכָל־הָֽעֵדָֽה - And the entire community - i.e., the Sanhedrin.   וְכָל־הָֽעֵדָֽה.  סַנְהֶדְרִין:
22Moses did as God had commanded him: he convinced Joshua to accept this post, and presented him before Eleazar the priest and before the entire community.   כבוַיַּ֣עַשׂ משֶׁ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיַּֽעֲמִדֵ֨הוּ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְלִפְנֵ֖י כָּל־הָֽעֵדָֽה:
וַיִּקַּח אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ - (lit.) He took Joshua - i.e., he convinced him with words, and informed him of the reward awaiting the leaders of Israel in the World to Come.   וַיִּקַּח אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ.  לְקָחוֹ בִדְבָרִים וְהוֹדִיעוֹ מַתַּן שְׂכַר פַּרְנְסֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא (ספרי):
23He laid his hands upon him and commanded him, in accordance with what God had spoken to Moses.   כגוַיִּסְמֹ֧ךְ אֶת־יָדָ֛יו עָלָ֖יו וַיְצַוֵּ֑הוּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּיַד־משֶֽׁה:
וַיִּסְמֹךְ אֶת־יָדָיו - He laid his hands - i.e., in a generous way, far more than he was commanded, for the Holy One, blessed be He, had told him: “You must lay your hand upon him,” 9 but he used both hands. He thus made him like a full, overflowing vessel, and filled him generously with his wisdom.   וַיִּסְמֹךְ אֶת־יָדָיו.  בְּעַיִן יָפָה, יוֹתֵר וְיוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁנִּצְטַוָּה, שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָמַר לוֹ "וְסָמַכְתָּ אֶת יָדְךָ", וְהוּא עָשָׂה בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו, וַעֲשָׂאוֹ כִכְלִי מָלֵא וְגָדוּשׁ, וּמִלְּאוֹ חָכְמָתוֹ בְּעַיִן יָפָה (שם):
כַּֽאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה' - In accordance with what God had spoken - i.e., also regarding the transfer of majesty, in that he bestowed some of his majesty upon him.   כַּֽאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה'.  אַף לְעִנְיַן הַהוֹד — נָתַן מֵהוֹדוֹ עָלָיו:

Fifth Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 28

1God spoke to Moses, saying:   אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
2“Command the Israelites and say to them: ‘You must watch over My offering, My food for My Altar-fire, which you offer up to please Me. You are to offer it up to Me at its appointed time.’   בצַ֚ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֶת־קָרְבָּנִ֨י לַחְמִ֜י לְאִשַּׁ֗י רֵ֚יחַ נִֽיחֹחִ֔י תִּשְׁמְר֕וּ לְהַקְרִ֥יב לִ֖י בְּמֽוֹעֲדֽוֹ:
צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל - Command the Israelites. What is stated above? “Let God appoint.” The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: “Before you instruct Me regarding My children, instruct My children regarding Me.” This is comparable to a princess who was about to leave this world and was instructing her husband about her children’s care(He said to her: before you instruct me about my children, instruct them regarding me, that they not rebel against me or disparage me), as stated in Sifrei.   צַו אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.  מָה אָמוּר לְמַעְלָה? יִפְקֹד ה', אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַד שֶׁאַתָּה מְצַוֵּנִי עַל בָּנַי, צַוֵּה אֶת בָּנַי עָלַי, מָשָׁל לְבַת מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהָיְתָה נִפְטֶרֶת מִן הָעוֹלָם וְהָיְתָה מְפַקֶּדֶת בַּעְלָהּ עַל בָּנֶיהָ וְכוּ' כִּדְאִיתָא בְסִפְרֵי:
קָרְבָּנִי - My offering. This refers to the blood.   קָרְבָּנִי.  זֶה הַדָּם:
לַחְמִי - My food. This refers to the portions designated to be burned, and so it says: “The priest must burn them up on the Altar as food for the fire.” 1   לַחְמִי.  אֵלּוּ אֵמוּרִין, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (ויקרא ג') "וְהִקְטִירָם הַכֹּהֵן הַמִּזְבֵּחָה לֶחֶם אִשֶּׁה" (ספרי):
לְאִשַּׁי - For My fire - means: which are placed on the fire of My Altar.   לְאִשַּׁי.  הַנִּתָּנִין לְאִשֵּׁי מִזְבְּחִי:
תִּשְׁמְרוּ - You must watch - i.e., there must be priests, Levites, and Israelites standing nearby as it is offered up. From here our sages derived the imperative to institute maamadot (rotating weekly groups of stationed representatives).   תִּשְׁמְרוּ.  שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם וְיִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹמְדִין עַל גַּבָּיו, מִכָּאן לָמְדוּ וְתִקְּנוּ מַעֲמָדוֹת (תענית כ"ו):
בְּמֽוֹעֲדֽוֹ - At its appointed time - i.e., each individual day is a separate appointed time for the continual offerings, so a missed offering cannot be made up on another day.   בְּמֽוֹעֲדֽוֹ.  בְּכָל יוֹם הוּא מוֹעֵד הַתְּמִידִים:
3You must say to them, ‘This is the fire-offering that you must offer up to God: two unblemished, one-year-old lambs each day as a continual ascent-offering.   גוְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֔ם זֶ֚ה הָֽאִשֶּׁ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּקְרִ֖יבוּ לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה כְּבָשִׂ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֧ה תְמִימִ֛ם שְׁנַ֥יִם לַיּ֖וֹם עֹלָ֥ה תָמִֽיד:
וְאָֽמַרְתָּ לָהֶם - You must say to them. This is an instruction to the court to make sure these details are carried out.   וְאָֽמַרְתָּ לָהֶם.  אַזְהָרָה לְבֵית דִּין (ספרי):
שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם - Two each day - its meaning as its plain sense implies. However, its main purpose in being stated is to teach us that they are slaughtered opposite the day, i.e., the sun: the morning continual offering in the western part, and the afternoon offering in the eastern part of the slaughtering area, where the rings are located.   שְׁנַיִם לַיּוֹם.  כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ, וְעִקָּרוֹ בָא לְלַמֵּד שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נִשְׁחָטִין כְּנֶגֶד הַיּוֹם — תָּמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר בַּמַּעֲרָב וְשֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם בְּמִזְרָחָן שֶׁל טַבָּעוֹת (ספרי; יומא ס"ב):
4You must offer up one lamb in the morning, and you must offer up the other lamb in the afternoon,   דאֶת־הַכֶּ֥בֶשׂ אֶחָ֖ד תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה בַבֹּ֑קֶר וְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֥ין הָֽעַרְבָּֽיִם:
אֶת־הַכֶּבֶשׂ אֶחָד - One lamb. Although it was already stated in parashat VeAtah Tetzaveh: 2 “This is what you must offer up…,” that was an instruction only for the days of inauguration, but here He commanded it for all generations.   אֶת־הַכֶּבֶשׂ אֶחָד.  אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּבָר נֶאֱמַר בְּפָרָשַׁת וְאַתָּה תְּצַוֶּה "וְזֶה אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשֶׂה" וְגוֹ' (שמות כט לח), הִיא הָיְתָה אַזְהָרָה לִימֵי הַמִּלּוּאִים וְכָאן צִוָּה לַדּוֹרוֹת:
5and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour for a grain-offering, mixed with a quarter of a hin of crushed-olive oil.   הוַֽעֲשִׂירִ֧ית הָֽאֵיפָ֛ה סֹ֖לֶת לְמִנְחָ֑ה בְּלוּלָ֛ה בְּשֶׁ֥מֶן כָּתִ֖ית רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין:
סֹלֶת לְמִנְחָה - Fine flour for a grain-offering - i.e., the grain-offering of libations that usually accompanies a sacrifice.   סֹלֶת לְמִנְחָה.  מִנְחַת נְסָכִים:
6It will be a continual ascent-offering, offered up like the one at Mount Sinai, a fire-offering pleasing to God.   ועֹלַ֖ת תָּמִ֑יד הָֽעֲשֻׂיָה֙ בְּהַ֣ר סִינַ֔י לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
הָֽעֲשֻׂיָה בְּהַר סִינַי - (lit.) Offered up at Mount Sinai - means: like those continual offerings that were offered up during the days of inauguration at Mount Sinai. Another explanation: “offered up at Mount Sinai” Scripture links the continual ascent-offering to the ascent-offering of Mount Sinai, i.e., the one that was offered up before the Giving of the Torah, about which it is written: “and put it into bowls,” 3 and thus teaches us that the continual ascent-offering requires that its blood be received in a vessel when it is slaughtered.   הָֽעֲשֻׂיָה בְּהַר סִינַי.  כְּאוֹתָן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בִּימֵי הַמִּלּוּאִים; דָּבָר אַחֵר — העשיה בהר סיני, הִקִּישׁ עוֹלַת תָּמִיד לְעוֹלַת הַר סִינַי — אוֹתָהּ שֶׁנִּתְקָרְבָה לִפְנֵי מַתַּן תּוֹרָה — שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהּ (שם כ"ד) "וַיָּשֶֹם בָּאֲגָנֹת", מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטְּעוּנָה כְּלִי (ספרי):
7Its libation: one-quarter of a hin for each lamb, to be poured on the holy Altar as a libation of strong wine to God.   זוְנִסְכּוֹ֙ רְבִיעִ֣ת הַהִ֔ין לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד בַּקֹּ֗דֶשׁ הַסֵּ֛ךְ נֶ֥סֶךְ שֵׁכָ֖ר לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
וְנִסְכּוֹ - Its libation - i.e., wine.   וְנִסְכּוֹ.  יַיִן:
בַּקֹּדֶשׁ הַסֵּךְ - Pour it (lit.) in the Sanctuary - i.e., they must be poured on the Altar.   בַּקֹּדֶשׁ הַסֵּךְ.  עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ יִתְנַסְּכוּ:
נֶסֶךְ שֵׁכָר - It is a libation of (lit.) intoxicating drink - i.e., intoxicating wine, thus excluding wine fresh from the winepress.   נֶסֶךְ שֵׁכָר.  יַיִן הַמְשַׁכֵּר, פְּרָט לְיַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ (בבא בתרא צ"ז):
8You must offer up the second lamb in the afternoon. You must offer it up with the same grain-offering and libation as the morning offering, a fire-offering pleasing to God.   חוְאֵת֙ הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַרְבָּ֑יִם כְּמִנְחַ֨ת הַבֹּ֤קֶר וּכְנִסְכּוֹ֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה אִשֵּׁ֛ה רֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ - (lit.) A pleasing aroma - i.e., it gives Me satisfaction, that I said that something be done and My will was carried out.   רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ.  נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנַי שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי וְנַעֲשָׂה רְצוֹנִי (ספרי):
9On the Sabbath day: two unblemished, one-year-old lambs, and two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour as a grain-offering, mixed with oil, and its libation.   טוּבְיוֹם֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת שְׁנֵֽי־כְבָשִׂ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֖ה תְּמִימִ֑ם וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֧לֶת מִנְחָ֛ה בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן וְנִסְכּֽוֹ:
10The ascent-offering of each Sabbath on its Sabbath, following the continual ascent-offering and its libation.   יעֹלַ֥ת שַׁבַּ֖ת בְּשַׁבַּתּ֑וֹ עַל־עֹלַ֥ת הַתָּמִ֖יד וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
עֹלַת שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ - The ascent-offering of each Sabbath on its Sabbath - but not the ascent-offering of this Sabbath on another Sabbath – for if he did not offer up the sacrifice on this Sabbath, I might understand that he must offer up two on the following Sabbath. Scripture therefore states: “on its Sabbath,” telling us that if the offering’s designated day passed, the requirement to sacrifice the offering is cancelled.   עֹלַת שַׁבַּת בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ.  וְלֹא עוֹלַת שַׁבָּת זוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת אַחֶרֶת, הֲרֵי שֶׁלֹּא הִקְרִיב בְּשַׁבָּת זוֹ שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי יַקְרִיב שְׁתַּיִם לַשַּׁבָּת הַבָּאָה, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "בְּשַׁבַּתּוֹ", מַגִּיד שֶׁאִם עָבַר יוֹמוֹ בָּטֵל קָרְבָּנוֹ (ספרי):
עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד - (lit.) Besides the continual ascent-offering - i.e., these are additional offerings, besides the two lambs of the continual ascent-offering. This terminology tells us that they may only be offered between the two continual offerings. Similarly, regarding all additional offerings it says: “besides the continual ascent-offering,” in order to teach this law.   עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד.  אֵלּוּ מוּסָפִין, לְבַד אוֹתָן שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים שֶׁל עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד, וּמַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין קְרֵבִין אֶלָּא בֵּין שְׁנֵי הַתְּמִידִין, וְכֵן בְּכָל הַמּוּסָפִין נֶאֱמַר עַל עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד לְתַלְמוּד זֶה:
11On your first days of the month, you must offer up an ascent-offering to God: two young bulls, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs, unblemished,   יאוּבְרָאשֵׁי֙ חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם תַּקְרִ֥יבוּ עֹלָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה פָּרִ֨ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֤ר שְׁנַ֨יִם֙ וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֔ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם:
12and three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain-offering for each bull, two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain-offering for each ram,   יבוּשְׁלשָׁ֣ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַפָּ֖ר הָֽאֶחָ֑ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לָאַ֖יִל הָֽאֶחָֽד:
וּשְׁלשָׁה עֶשְׂרֹנִים - And three-tenths - this being the prescribed libation for bulls, for so they are set in the passage regarding libations. 4   וּשְׁלשָׁה עֶשְׂרֹנִים.  כְּמִשְׁפַּט נִסְכֵּי פַר, שֶׁכֵּן הֵן קְצוּבִין בְּפָרָשַׁת נְסָכִים:
13and one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain-offering for each lamb, an ascent-offering, a fire-offering pleasing to God.   יגוְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ן עִשָּׂר֗וֹן סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד עֹלָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
14And their libations: half a hin of wine for each bull, a third of a hin of wine for each ram, and a quarter of a hin of wine for each lamb. This is the ascent-offering of each month in its month throughout the months of the year.   ידוְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם חֲצִ֣י הַהִין֩ יִֽהְיֶ֨ה לַפָּ֜ר וּשְׁלִישִׁ֧ת הַהִ֣ין לָאַ֗יִל וּרְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִ֛ין לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ יָ֑יִן זֹ֣את עֹלַ֥ת חֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ בְּחָדְשׁ֔וֹ לְחָדְשֵׁ֖י הַשָּׁנָֽה:
זֹאת עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ - This is the ascent-offering of each month in its month - i.e., that if its designated day passed, the requirement to sacrifice its offering is cancelled, and it cannot be made up again.   זֹאת עֹלַת חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ.  שֶׁאִם עָבַר יוֹמוֹ בָּטֵל קָרְבָּנוֹ וְשׁוּב אֵין לוֹ תַשְׁלוּמִין:
15One young he-goat as a sin-offering to God, and its libation, must be offered up following the continual ascent-offering.   טווּשְׂעִ֨יר עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֛ד לְחַטָּ֖את לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה עַל־עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵֽעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ:
וּשְׂעִיר עִזִּים וגו' - One young he-goat… All additional-offering goats are brought to atone for unwittingly entering the Temple or eating consecrated food while ritually defiled, all as is explained in Tractate Shevuot. 5 However, the goat of Rosh Chodesh is unique in that it says about it: לַה׳ “to God,” to teach you that that it atones for ritual defilement of which one remained unaware both before and after transgressing, for no one was aware of the sin except the Holy One, blessed be He – and the other goats, brought as sin-offerings on the festivals, are derived from it. And its aggadic explanation is: The Holy One, blessed be He, said: “Bring an atonement for Me because I diminished the moon.”   וּשְׂעִיר עִזִּים וגו'.  כָּל שְׂעִירֵי הַמּוּסָפִין בָּאִין לְכַפֵּר עַל טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו, הַכֹּל כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בְּמַסֶּכֶת שְׁבוּעוֹת (דף ט'), וְנִשְׁתַּנָּה שְׂעִיר רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ "לַה'"; לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁמְּכַפֵּר עַל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ יְדִיעָה לֹא בַתְּחִלָּה וְלֹא בַסּוֹף — שֶׁאֵין מַכִּיר בַּחֵטְא אֶלָּא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בִלְבָד, וּשְׁאָר הַשְּׂעִירִים לְמֵדִין מִמֶּנוּ; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ בָּאַגָּדָה, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הָבִיאוּ כַפָּרָה עָלַי עַל שֶׁמִּעַטְתִּי אֶת הַיָּרֵחַ (חולין ס'):
עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד יֵֽעָשֶׂה - Must be offered up following the continual ascent-offering - i.e., this entire offering in all its constituent parts .   עַל־עֹלַת הַתָּמִיד יֵֽעָשֶׂה.  כָּל הַקָּרְבָּן הַזֶּה:
וְנִסְכּֽוֹ - and its libation. The word וְנִסְכּוֹ “and its libation” does not refer to the goat, for a sin-offering is not accompanied by libations.   וְנִסְכּֽוֹ.  אֵין "וְנִסְכּוֹ" מוּסָב עַל הַשָּׂעִיר, שֶׁאֵין נְסָכִים לְחַטָּאת:

Sixth Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 28

16On the 14th day of the first month: a Passover offering to God.   טזוּבַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר י֖וֹם לַחֹ֑דֶשׁ פֶּ֖סַח לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
17On the fifteenth day of this month, a festival: unleavened bread must be eaten for seven days.   יזוּבַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר י֛וֹם לַחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֖ה חָ֑ג שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים מַצּ֖וֹת יֵֽאָכֵֽל:
18The first day is a holy occasion; you must not perform any mundane work.   יחבַּיּ֥וֹם הָֽרִאשׁ֖וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֑דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה - (lit.) Any work of toil - i.e., even necessary work for you, such as something that results in loss if not done, which is permitted on Chol HaMoed (the intermediary festival days), is prohibited on the festival itself.   כָּל־מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה.  אֲפִלּוּ מְלָאכָה הַצְּרִיכָה לָכֶם, כְּגוֹן דָּבָר הָאָבֵד, הַמֻּתָּר בְּחֻלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד, אֲסוּרָה בְּי"ט:
19You must offer up a fire-offering, an ascent-offering to God: two young bulls, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs; they must be unblemished for you.   יטוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם אִשֶּׁ֤ה עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם וְאַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד וְשִׁבְעָ֤ה כְבָשִׂים֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִֽהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם:
פָּרִים - Bulls - representing Abraham, as it says: “Abraham then ran to the cattle.” 1   פָּרִים.  כְּנֶגֶד אַבְרָהָם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְאֶל הַבָּקָר רָץ אַבְרָהָם" (בראשית י"ח):
אַיִליִם - Rams - representing the ram sacrificed instead of Isaac.   אַיִליִם.  כְּנֶגֶד אֵילוֹ שֶׁל יִצְחָק:
כְבָשִׂים - Lambs - representing Jacob, as it says: “Jacob separated the sheep.” 2 I saw this in the works of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan.   כְבָשִׂים.  כְּנֶגֶד יַעֲקֹב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַכְּשָׂבִים הִפְרִיד יַעֲקֹב" (שם ל'); בִּיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן רָאִיתִי זֹאת:
20Their grain-offerings: fine flour mixed with oil, you must offer up three-tenths of an ephah for each bull and two-tenths of an ephah for the ram,   כוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֗ר וּשְׁנֵ֧י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֛ים לָאַ֖יִל תַּֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
21and you must offer up one-tenth of an ephah for each lamb, for all seven lambs.   כאעִשָּׂר֤וֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים:
22One young he-goat as a sin-offering to atone for you.   כבוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם:
23You must offer these up besides the morning ascent-offering, which is offered up as a continual ascent-offering.   כגמִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַבֹּ֔קֶר אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֑יד תַּֽעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־אֵֽלֶּה:
24You must offer up sacrifices like these daily for seven days, as food for the fire-offering pleasing to God; you must offer up this and its libation following the continual ascent-offering.   כדכָּאֵ֜לֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂ֤וּ לַיּוֹם֙ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֔ים לֶ֛חֶם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה עַל־עוֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד יֵֽעָשֶׂ֖ה וְנִסְכּֽוֹ:
כָּאֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לַיּוֹם - You must offer up like these daily - i.e., that they not gradually decrease like the bulls of the Festival of Sukot.   כָּאֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לַיּוֹם.  שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ פוֹחֲתִין וְהוֹלְכִין כְּפָרֵי הֶחָג (ספרי):
25You must celebrate the seventh day as a holy occasion on which you must not perform any mundane work.   כהוּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
26The day of the first fruits—when you offer up a new grain-offering to God celebrating your weeks—you must celebrate as a holy occasion; you must not perform any mundane work.   כווּבְי֣וֹם הַבִּכּוּרִ֗ים בְּהַקְרִ֨יבְכֶ֜ם מִנְחָ֤ה חֲדָשָׁה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה בְּשָֽׁבֻעֹ֖תֵיכֶ֑ם מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
וּבְיוֹם הַבִּכּוּרִים - The day of the first fruits. The Festival of Shavuot is called “the first produce of the wheat harvest,” 3 after the two loaves of bread, which constitute the first wheat grain-offering to be brought from the new harvest.   וּבְיוֹם הַבִּכּוּרִים.  חַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת קָרוּי בִּכּוּרֵי קְצִיר חִטִּים עַל שֵׁם שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, שֶׁהֵם רִאשׁוֹנִים לְמִנְחַת חִטִּים הַבָּאִים מִן הֶחָדָשׁ (מנחות פ"ד):
27You must offer up an ascent-offering pleasing to God: two young bulls, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs.   כזוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עוֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנַ֖יִם אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד שִׁבְעָ֥ה כְבָשִׂ֖ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָֽה:
28Their grain-offerings: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ephah for each bull, two-tenths of an ephah for the ram,   כחוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֔ד שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָֽאֶחָֽד:
29and one-tenth of an ephah for each lamb, for all seven lambs.   כטעִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים:
30One young he-goat to atone for you.   לשְׂעִ֥יר עִזִּ֖ים אֶחָ֑ד לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם:
31You must offer this up besides the continual ascent-offering and its grain-offering; they must be unblemished for you, as well as their libations.   לאמִלְּבַ֞ד עֹלַ֧ת הַתָּמִ֛יד וּמִנְחָת֖וֹ תַּֽעֲשׂ֑וּ תְּמִימִ֥ם יִֽהְיוּ־לָכֶ֖ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם:
תְּמִימִם יִֽהְיוּ־לָכֶם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם - They must be unblemished for you, as well as their libations - i.e., also the libations must be unblemished. Our rabbis learned from here that wine that has developed moldy scum is unfit for libations.   תְּמִימִם יִֽהְיוּ־לָכֶם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם.  אַף הַנְּסָכִים יִהְיוּ תְמִימִים, לָמְדוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁהַיַּיִן שֶׁהֶעֱלָה קְמָחִין פָּסוּל לִנְסָכִים (שם פ"ז):

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 29

1You must celebrate the first day of the seventh month as a holy occasion: you must not perform any mundane work. It must be a day of shofar-sounding for you.   אוּבַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י בְּאֶחָ֣ד לַחֹ֗דֶשׁ מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ י֥וֹם תְּרוּעָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם:
2You must offer up an ascent-offering pleasing to God: one young bull, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   בוַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה לְרֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פַּ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם:
3Their grain-offering: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ephah for the bull, two-tenths of an ephah for the ram,   גוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֔ר שְׁנֵ֥י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֖ים לָאָֽיִל:
4and one-tenth of an ephah for each lamb, for the seven lambs.   דוְעִשָּׂר֣וֹן אֶחָ֔ד לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים:
5One young he-goat as a sin-offering, to atone for you,   הוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את לְכַפֵּ֖ר עֲלֵיכֶֽם:
6besides the ascent-offering of the new month and its grain-offering and the continual ascent-offering and its grain-offering, and their libations as prescribed for them, a fire-offering pleasing to God.   ומִלְּבַד֩ עֹלַ֨ת הַחֹ֜דֶשׁ וּמִנְחָתָ֗הּ וְעֹלַ֤ת הַתָּמִיד֙ וּמִנְחָתָ֔הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָ֑ם לְרֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַחֹדֶשׁ - Besides the ascent-offering of the month - i.e., the additional offerings of Rosh Chodesh, which is on the day of Rosh HaShanah.   מִלְּבַד עֹלַת הַחֹדֶשׁ.  מוּסְפֵי רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ שֶׁהוּא בְיוֹם רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה:
7You must celebrate the 10th day of this seventh month as a holy occasion for you; you must afflict your souls. You must not perform any work.   זוּבֶֽעָשׂוֹר֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜י הַזֶּ֗ה מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
8You must offer up an ascent-offering pleasing to God: one young bull, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs; they must all be unblemished for you.   חוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֤ה לַֽיהֹוָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ פַּ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֤ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָה֙ שִׁבְעָ֔ה תְּמִימִ֖ם יִֽהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם:
9Their grain-offering: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ephah for the bull, two-tenths of an ephah for the ram,   טוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלשָׁ֤ה עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לַפָּ֔ר שְׁנֵי֙ עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים לָאַ֖יִל הָֽאֶחָֽד:
10and one-tenth of an ephah for each lamb, for the seven lambs.   יעִשָּׂרוֹן֙ עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד לְשִׁבְעַ֖ת הַכְּבָשִֽׂים:
11One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the atonement sin-offering, and their libations besides the continual ascent-offering and its grain-offering.   יאשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַ֞ד חַטַּ֤את הַכִּפֻּרִים֙ וְעֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם:
מִלְּבַד חַטָּאת הַכִּפֻּרִים - Besides the atonement sin-offering - i.e., the goat that has service performed inside the Sanctuary, which is stated in parashat Acharei Mot, 4 which is also a sin-offering.   מִלְּבַד חַטָּאת הַכִּפֻּרִים.  שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בִּפְנִים הָאָמוּר בְּאַחֲרֵי מוֹת, שֶׁגַּם הוּא חַטָּאת:
וְעֹלַת הַתָּמִיד - (lit.) And the continual ascent-offering - i.e., and besides the continual ascent-offering, offer up these ascent-offerings.   וְעֹלַת הַתָּמִיד.  וּמִלְּבַד עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד תַּעֲשׂוּ עוֹלוֹת הַלָּלוּ:
וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם - And their libations. This refers back to the additional offerings that are written above, and to the implied תַּעֲשׂוּ “you must offer up” in this verse, denoting a command, i.e., besides the continual ascent-offering and its grain-offering, you must offer up these additional offerings and their libations. The same implied command applies to every mention of וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם regarding all the festivals, except regarding the offerings of the Sukot festival, for every mention of וְנִסְכָּהּ, וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, and וּנְסָכֶיהָ regarding them refers to the continual ascent-offering and is not an implied expression of command, for the command regarding the libations of the additional offerings are written separately on each day.   וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם.  מוּסָב עַל הַמּוּסָפִין הַכְּתוּבִים וְעַל תַּעֲשׂוּ, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן צִוּוּי — מִלְּבַד עוֹלַת הַתָּמִיד וּמִנְחָתָהּ תַּעֲשׂוּ אֶת אֵלֶּה וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, וְכֵן כָּל נִסְכֵּיהֶם הָאֲמוּרִים בְּכָל הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת חוּץ מִשֶּׁל קָרְבְּנוֹת הֶחָג, שֶׁכָּל וְנִסְכָּהּ, וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, וּנְסָכֶיהָ שֶׁבָּהֶם מוּסַבִּים עַל הַתָּמִיד, וְאֵינָן לְשׁוֹן צִוּוּי, שֶׁהֲרֵי נִסְכֵּיהֶם שֶׁל מוּסָפִין כְּתוּבִין לְעַצְמָן בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם:
Footnotes

Seventh Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 29

12You must celebrate the 15th day of the seventh month as a holy occasion; you must not perform any mundane work, and you must celebrate a festival to God for seven days.   יבוּבַֽחֲמִשָּׁה֩ עָשָׂ֨ר י֜וֹם לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ וְחַגֹּתֶ֥ם חַ֛ג לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים:
13You must offer up an ascent-offering as a fire-offering pleasing to God: 13 young bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs; they must all be unblemished.   יגוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁלשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִ֥ם יִֽהְיֽוּ:
14Their grain-offering: fine flour mixed with oil, three-tenths of an ephah for each bull, for the 13 bulls; two-tenths of an ephah for each ram, for the two rams;   ידוּמִ֨נְחָתָ֔ם סֹ֖לֶת בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשָּׁ֑מֶן שְׁלשָׁ֨ה עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים לַפָּ֣ר הָֽאֶחָ֗ד לִשְׁלשָׁ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ פָּרִ֔ים שְׁנֵ֤י עֶשְׂרֹנִים֙ לָאַ֣יִל הָֽאֶחָ֔ד לִשְׁנֵ֖י הָֽאֵילִֽם:
15and one-tenth of an ephah for each lamb, for the 14 lambs.   טווְעִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂר֔וֹן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָֽאֶחָ֑ד לְאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר כְּבָשִֽׂים:
16One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   טזוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
17On the second day: 12 young bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   יזוּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֗י פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם:
18Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   יחוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַפָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים - Their grain-offerings and libations for the bulls. The bulls of the Sukot festival are 70 in total, alluding to the 70 nations. They gradually decrease in number each day, signifying their ultimate annihilation, but their purpose was positive: during the time of the Holy Temple, they protected them from suffering throughout the year.   וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם לַפָּרִים.  פָּרֵי הֶחָג שִׁבְעִים הֵם כְּנֶגֶד שִׁבְעִים אֻמּוֹת, וּמִתְמַעֲטִים וְהוֹלְכִים, סִימָן כְּלָיָה הִיא לָהֶם, וּבִימֵי הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הָיוּ מְגִנִּים עֲלֵיהֶם מִן הַיִּסּוּרִין (סוכה נ"ה):
וְלַכְּבָשִׂים - And lambs - alluding to Israel, who are called “a dispersed lamb.” 1 They are a fixed number each day, symbolizing that Israel will endure forever, and their total number is 98, serving to remove from them the 98 curses stated in Deuteronomy. 2 On the second day, the plural וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם is used, unlike the other days, referring to the two continual offerings of the day, but the wording is different only in order that it be expounded, as our rabbis, of blessed memory, said: 3 On the second day it says וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, on the sixth day it says וּנְסָכֶיהָ, and on the seventh day it says כְּמִשְׁפָּטָםthe added letters being מ׳ י׳ מ׳ – forming the word מַיִם “water,” the Torah thus alluding here to the water libation poured on the Altar on the Sukot festival.   וְלַכְּבָשִׂים.  כְּנֶגֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּקְרְאוּ "שֶׂה פְזוּרָה" (ירמיהו נ'), וְהֵם קְבוּעִים, וּמִנְיָנָם תִּשְׁעִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה, לְכַלּוֹת מֵהֶם תִּשְׁעִים וּשְׁמוֹנֶה קְלָלוֹת שֶׁבְּמִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה; בַּשֵּׁנִי נֶאֱמַר וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם עַל שְׁנֵי תְמִידֵי הַיּוֹם, וְלֹא שִׁנָּה הַלָּשׁוֹן אֶלָּא לִדְרֹשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִ"לִ (ספרי; שבת ק"נ) בַּשֵּׁנִי וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם, בַּשִּׁשִּׁי וּנְסָכֶיהָ, בַּשְּׁבִיעִי כְּמִשְׁפָּטָם, מֵ"ם יוֹ"ד מֵ"ם הֲרֵי כָאן מַיִם, רֶמֶז לְנִסּוּךְ הַמַּיִם מִן הַתּוֹרָה בֶּחָג:
19One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and their libations.   יטוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶֽם:
20On the third day: 11 bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   כוּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם:
21Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   כאוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
22One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   כבוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
23On the fourth day: 10 bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   כגוּבַיּ֧וֹם הָֽרְבִיעִ֛י פָּרִ֥ים עֲשָׂרָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם:
24Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   כדמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
25One young he-goat for a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   כהוּשְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד חַטָּ֑את מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
26On the fifth day: nine bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   כווּבַיּ֧וֹם הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים תִּשְׁעָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם:
27Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   כזוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
28One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   כחוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
29On the sixth day: eight bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   כטוּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁ֛י פָּרִ֥ים שְׁמֹנָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם:
30Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   לוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
31One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libations.   לאוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וּנְסָכֶֽיהָ:
32On the seventh day: seven bulls, two rams, and 14 one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   לבוּבַיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֛י פָּרִ֥ים שִׁבְעָ֖ה אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִֽם:
33Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bulls, rams, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed for them.   לגוּמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּהֶ֡ם לַ֠פָּרִ֠ים לָֽאֵילִ֧ם וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כְּמִשְׁפָּטָֽם:
34One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   לדוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד מִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
35The eighth day must be a time of restriction for you; you must not perform any mundane work.   להבַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י עֲצֶ֖רֶת תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
עֲצֶרֶת תִּֽהְיֶה לָכֶם - Must be a time of restriction for you - i.e., you are restricted in doing work. Another explanation: עֲצֶרֶת indicates: “refrain” (עִצְרוּ) from leaving Jerusalem, which teaches us that one is required to spend the night there. And the aggadic interpretation of this restriction is: Because they had brought sacrifices for the benefit of the 70 nations during all previous days of the festival, when they came to leave, the Omnipresent said to them: “I beg of you, make a small meal for Me so that I can enjoy your company,” which is demonstrated by the offering of this day:   עֲצֶרֶת תִּֽהְיֶה לָכֶם.  עֲצוּרִים בַּעֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה; דָּבָר אַחֵר, עצרת — עִצְרוּ מִלָּצֵאת, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטָּעוּן לִינָה; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ בַאַגָּדָה לְפִי שֶׁכָּל יְמוֹת הָרֶגֶל הִקְרִיבוּ כְנֶגֶד שִׁבְעִים אֻמּוֹת, וּבָאִין לָלֶכֶת, אָמַר לָהֶם הַמָּקוֹם בְּבַקָּשָׁה מִכֶּם עֲשׂוּ לִי סְעוּדָה קְטַנָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁאֵהָנֶה מִכֶּם (סוכה נ"ה):
36You must offer up an ascent-offering as a fire-offering pleasing to God: one bull, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   לווְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פַּ֥ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם:
פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד - One bull, one ram. These all allude to Israel, highlighting its uniqueness, as if saying: Remain with Me a little more. This is an expression of endearment, like children who take leave of their father and he tells them: “Your departure is difficult for me; stay for one more day.” It is comparable to a king who made a banquet… as stated in Tractate Sukah. 4 And in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma 5 it says: The Torah here teaches proper conduct, that one who has a guest should feed him fattened poultry on the first day; on the next day, he should feed him fish; on the next day, he should feed him animal flesh; on the next day, he should feed him legumes; on the next day, he should feed him vegetables – gradually decreasing the expense of the meals like the bulls of the Sukot festival.   פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד.  אֵלּוּ כְנֶגֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל, הִתְעַכְּבוּ לִי מְעַט עוֹד, וּלְשׁוֹן חִבָּה הוּא זֶה, כְּבָנִים הַנִּפְטָרִים מֵאֲבִיהֶם וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לָהֶם קָשָׁה עָלַי פְּרֵדַתְכֶם, עַכְּבוּ עוֹד יוֹם אֶחָד, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה סְעוּדָה כוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְמַסֶּכֶת סֻכָּה (שם); וּבְמִדְרַשׁ רַבִּי תַנְחוּמָא: לִמְּדָה תוֹרָה דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ שֶׁמִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אַכְסְנַאי יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן יַאֲכִילֶנּוּ פְּטוּמוֹת, לְמָחָר יַאֲכִילֶנּוּ דָּגִים, לְמָחָר בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, לְמָחָר מַאֲכִילוֹ קִטְנִית, לְמָחָר מַאֲכִילוֹ יָרָק, פּוֹחֵת וְהוֹלֵךְ כְּפָרֵי הֶחָג:
37Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bull, ram, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   לזמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם לַפָּ֨ר לָאַ֧יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
38One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   לחוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
39You must offer these up for God on your festivals, besides your sacrificial vows and your sacrificial donations—for your ascent-offerings, grain-offerings, libations, and peace-offerings.’”   לטאֵ֛לֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶ֑ם לְבַ֨ד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְנִדְבֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לְעֹלֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ וּלְמִנְחֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּלְנִסְכֵּיכֶ֖ם וּלְשַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם:
אֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לה' בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶם - You must offer these up for God on your festivals - as a determined obligation –   אֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לה' בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶם.  דָּבָר הַקָּצוּב לְחוֹבָה:
לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם - Besides your [sacrificial] vows - i.e., if you wish to pledge offerings on the festival, this fulfills a voluntary commandment; or in the case of sacrificial vows or donations that you have vowed any time during the year, offer them on the festival. This is necessary in case it will be difficult for him to ascend to Jerusalem again and to offer his vows, and as a result he will transgress the command: “you must not delay in fulfilling it.” 6   לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם.  אִם בָּאתֶם לִדּוֹר קָרְבָּנוֹת בָּרֶגֶל, מִצְוָה הִיא בְּיֶדְכֶם, אוֹ נְדָרִים אוֹ נְדָבוֹת שֶׁנְּדַרְתֶּם כָּל הַשָּׁנָה, הַקְרִיבוּם בָּרֶגֶל, שֶׁמָּא יִקְשֶׁה לוֹ לַחֲזֹר וְלַעֲלוֹת לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּלְהַקְרִיב נְדָרָיו וְנִמְצָא עוֹבֵר בְּבַל תְּאַחֵר:

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 30

1Moses spoke to the Israelites in accordance with all that God had commanded Moses.   אוַיֹּ֥אמֶר משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וַיֹּאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל - Moses spoke to the Israelites. This is stated to properly finish this subject; such is the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael. Since all the verses until this point were the words of the Omnipresent to Moses, and the following passage regarding vows begins with Moses speaking, it was necessary to first finish by saying that Moses in turn conveyed this above passage to Israel, for if not, it would appear that he did not tell them this passage, but began his words only with the passage regarding vows. End of Parshat Pinechas   וַיֹּאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.  לְהַפְסִיק הָעִנְיָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, לְפִי שֶׁעַד כָּאן דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם וּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים מַתְחֶלֶת בְּדִבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה, הֻצְרַךְ לְהַפְסִיק תְּחִלָּה וְלוֹמַר שֶׁחָזַר מֹשֶׁה וְאֲמָרָהּ פָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן, יֵשׁ בְּמַשְׁמַע שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר לָהֶם זוֹ, אֶלָּא בְּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים הִתְחִיל דְּבָרָיו:
Footnotes
2.

Deuteronomy ch. 28.

3.

Ta’anit 2b.

4.

Sukah 55b.

5.

Tanchuma 17.

Maftir Portion

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 29

35The eighth day must be a time of restriction for you; you must not perform any mundane work.   להבַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֔י עֲצֶ֖רֶת תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
עֲצֶרֶת תִּֽהְיֶה לָכֶם - Must be a time of restriction for you - i.e., you are restricted in doing work. Another explanation: עֲצֶרֶת indicates: “refrain” (עִצְרוּ) from leaving Jerusalem, which teaches us that one is required to spend the night there. And the aggadic interpretation of this restriction is: Because they had brought sacrifices for the benefit of the 70 nations during all previous days of the festival, when they came to leave, the Omnipresent said to them: “I beg of you, make a small meal for Me so that I can enjoy your company,” which is demonstrated by the offering of this day:   עֲצֶרֶת תִּֽהְיֶה לָכֶם.  עֲצוּרִים בַּעֲשִׂיַּת מְלָאכָה; דָּבָר אַחֵר, עצרת — עִצְרוּ מִלָּצֵאת, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטָּעוּן לִינָה; וּמִדְרָשׁוֹ בַאַגָּדָה לְפִי שֶׁכָּל יְמוֹת הָרֶגֶל הִקְרִיבוּ כְנֶגֶד שִׁבְעִים אֻמּוֹת, וּבָאִין לָלֶכֶת, אָמַר לָהֶם הַמָּקוֹם בְּבַקָּשָׁה מִכֶּם עֲשׂוּ לִי סְעוּדָה קְטַנָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁאֵהָנֶה מִכֶּם (סוכה נ"ה):
36You must offer up an ascent-offering as a fire-offering pleasing to God: one bull, one ram, and seven one-year-old lambs, all unblemished.   לווְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה פַּ֥ר אֶחָ֖ד אַ֣יִל אֶחָ֑ד כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛ה שִׁבְעָ֖ה תְּמִימִֽם:
פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד - One bull, one ram. These all allude to Israel, highlighting its uniqueness, as if saying: Remain with Me a little more. This is an expression of endearment, like children who take leave of their father and he tells them: “Your departure is difficult for me; stay for one more day.” It is comparable to a king who made a banquet… as stated in Tractate Sukah. 1 And in Midrash Rabbi Tanchuma 2 it says: The Torah here teaches proper conduct, that one who has a guest should feed him fattened poultry on the first day; on the next day, he should feed him fish; on the next day, he should feed him animal flesh; on the next day, he should feed him legumes; on the next day, he should feed him vegetables – gradually decreasing the expense of the meals like the bulls of the Sukot festival.   פַּר אֶחָד אַיִל אֶחָד.  אֵלּוּ כְנֶגֶד יִשְׂרָאֵל, הִתְעַכְּבוּ לִי מְעַט עוֹד, וּלְשׁוֹן חִבָּה הוּא זֶה, כְּבָנִים הַנִּפְטָרִים מֵאֲבִיהֶם וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לָהֶם קָשָׁה עָלַי פְּרֵדַתְכֶם, עַכְּבוּ עוֹד יוֹם אֶחָד, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁעָשָׂה סְעוּדָה כוּ', כִּדְאִיתָא בְמַסֶּכֶת סֻכָּה (שם); וּבְמִדְרַשׁ רַבִּי תַנְחוּמָא: לִמְּדָה תוֹרָה דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ שֶׁמִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אַכְסְנַאי יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן יַאֲכִילֶנּוּ פְּטוּמוֹת, לְמָחָר יַאֲכִילֶנּוּ דָּגִים, לְמָחָר בְּשַׂר בְּהֵמָה, לְמָחָר מַאֲכִילוֹ קִטְנִית, לְמָחָר מַאֲכִילוֹ יָרָק, פּוֹחֵת וְהוֹלֵךְ כְּפָרֵי הֶחָג:
37Their grain-offerings and their libations—for the bull, ram, and lambs—according to their number, as prescribed.   לזמִנְחָתָ֣ם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֗ם לַפָּ֨ר לָאַ֧יִל וְלַכְּבָשִׂ֛ים בְּמִסְפָּרָ֖ם כַּמִּשְׁפָּֽט:
38One young he-goat as a sin-offering, besides the continual ascent-offering, its grain-offering, and its libation.   לחוּשְׂעִ֥יר חַטָּ֖את אֶחָ֑ד מִלְּבַד֙ עֹלַ֣ת הַתָּמִ֔יד וּמִנְחָתָ֖הּ וְנִסְכָּֽהּ:
39You must offer these up for God on your festivals, besides your sacrificial vows and your sacrificial donations—for your ascent-offerings, grain-offerings, libations, and peace-offerings.’”   לטאֵ֛לֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶ֑ם לְבַ֨ד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְנִדְבֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לְעֹלֹֽתֵיכֶם֙ וּלְמִנְחֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם וּלְנִסְכֵּיכֶ֖ם וּלְשַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם:
אֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לה' בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶם - You must offer these up for God on your festivals - as a determined obligation –   אֵלֶּה תַּֽעֲשׂוּ לה' בְּמֽוֹעֲדֵיכֶם.  דָּבָר הַקָּצוּב לְחוֹבָה:
לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם - Besides your [sacrificial] vows - i.e., if you wish to pledge offerings on the festival, this fulfills a voluntary commandment; or in the case of sacrificial vows or donations that you have vowed any time during the year, offer them on the festival. This is necessary in case it will be difficult for him to ascend to Jerusalem again and to offer his vows, and as a result he will transgress the command: “you must not delay in fulfilling it.” 3   לְבַד מִנִּדְרֵיכֶם.  אִם בָּאתֶם לִדּוֹר קָרְבָּנוֹת בָּרֶגֶל, מִצְוָה הִיא בְּיֶדְכֶם, אוֹ נְדָרִים אוֹ נְדָבוֹת שֶׁנְּדַרְתֶּם כָּל הַשָּׁנָה, הַקְרִיבוּם בָּרֶגֶל, שֶׁמָּא יִקְשֶׁה לוֹ לַחֲזֹר וְלַעֲלוֹת לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּלְהַקְרִיב נְדָרָיו וְנִמְצָא עוֹבֵר בְּבַל תְּאַחֵר:

Bamidbar (Numbers) Chapter 30

1Moses spoke to the Israelites in accordance with all that God had commanded Moses.   אוַיֹּ֥אמֶר משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה:
וַיֹּאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל - Moses spoke to the Israelites. This is stated to properly finish this subject; such is the opinion of Rabbi Yishmael. Since all the verses until this point were the words of the Omnipresent to Moses, and the following passage regarding vows begins with Moses speaking, it was necessary to first finish by saying that Moses in turn conveyed this above passage to Israel, for if not, it would appear that he did not tell them this passage, but began his words only with the passage regarding vows. End of Parshat Pinechas   וַיֹּאמֶר משֶׁה אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל.  לְהַפְסִיק הָעִנְיָן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, לְפִי שֶׁעַד כָּאן דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל מָקוֹם וּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים מַתְחֶלֶת בְּדִבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה, הֻצְרַךְ לְהַפְסִיק תְּחִלָּה וְלוֹמַר שֶׁחָזַר מֹשֶׁה וְאֲמָרָהּ פָרָשָׁה זוֹ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן, יֵשׁ בְּמַשְׁמַע שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר לָהֶם זוֹ, אֶלָּא בְּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים הִתְחִיל דְּבָרָיו:
Footnotes
1.

Sukah 55b.

2.

Tanchuma 17.

Haftarah

Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah) Chapter 1

1The words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, of the priests who were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin.   א דִּבְרֵ֥י יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּ֑הוּ מִן־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּֽעֲנָת֔וֹת בְּאֶ֖רֶץ בִּנְיָמִֽן:
The words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah. Let the son of the corrupt woman, whose deeds are proper Jeremiah was descended from Rahab the harlot and let him reprove the son of the righteous woman whose deeds are corrupt these are Israel who corrupted their deeds who are descended from legitimate seed.   דברי ירמיהו בן חלקיהו וגו'.  ליתי בר קלקלתא דתקנן עובדוהי ירמיה בא מרחב הזונה ולוכח בר מתקנתא דמקלקלן עובדוהי אלו ישראל שקלקלו מעשיהן שבאו מזרע כשר:
2To whom the word of the Lord came in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign.   באֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֚ה דְבַר־יְהֹוָה֙ אֵלָ֔יו בִּימֵ֛י יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה בִּשְׁלֹשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה שָׁנָ֖ה לְמָלְכֽוֹ:
To whom the word of the Lord came. Upon whom the Shechinah commenced to rest at that time.   אשר היה דבר ה' אליו וגו'.  אשר התחילה שכינה לשרות עליו באותו הזמן:
3And he was in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah, until the end of eleven years of Zedekiah son of Josiah, king of Judah, until the exile of Jerusalem in the fifth month.   גוַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵ֨י יְהֽוֹיָקִ֚ים בֶּן־יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה עַד־תֹּם֙ עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה לְצִדְקִיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֖הוּ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה עַד־גְּל֥וֹת יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַֽחֲמִישִֽׁי:
And he was in the days of Jehoiakim. And he was a prophet all the remaining days of Josiah, the days of his son Jehoiakim, and the days of his son Zedekiah, until the end of the eleventh year that is the year until the exile of Jerusalem in the fifth month.   ויהי בימי יהויקים.  ויהי נביא כל ימי יאשיהו הנותרים וימי יהויקים בנו וימי צדקיהו בנו עד תום עשתי עשרה שנה היא השנה עד גלות ירושלים בחדש החמישי:
4And the word of the Lord came to me, saying:   דוַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר:
5When I had not yet formed you in the womb, I knew you, and when you had not yet emerged from the womb, I had appointed you; a prophet to the nations I made you.   הבְּטֶ֨רֶם אֶצָּרְךָ֚ (כתיב אֶצָּורְךָ֚) בַבֶּ֙טֶן֙ יְדַעְתִּ֔יךָ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם תֵּצֵ֥א מֵרֶ֖חֶם הִקְדַּשְׁתִּ֑יךָ נָבִ֥יא לַגּוֹיִ֖ם נְתַתִּֽיךָ:
When I had not yet formed you in the womb, etc.. Since the days of the first man. The Holy One, blessed be He, showed Adam each generation and its prophets.   בטרם אצרך בבטן וגו'.  מימי אדם הראשון הראהו הקב"ה לאדם דור ודור ונביאיו:
I… formed you. Heb. אצרך, an expression of צורה, a form.   אצרך.  לשון צורה:
I knew you. connois toi in O.F. Comp. (Exodus 6:3), “I was not known (נודעתּי) to them.”   ידעתיך.  קנייושט"וי בלעז כמו לא נודעתי להם (שמות ו׳:ג׳):
I appointed you. I appointed you for this.   הקדשתיך.  זמנתיך לכך:
a prophet to the nations. To Israel, who behave like the nations. In this manner it is expounded in Sifrei on the verse: “A prophet from your midst, etc.” (Deut. 18:15), will set up for you and not for those who deny the Torah. How then do I fulfill “A prophet to the nations I made you” ? To the children of Israel who deport themselves with the customs of the nations. It can further be interpreted: “A prophet for the nations,” like “About the nations,” to give them to drink the cup of poison, to prophesy retribution upon them, as it is said: “Take this cup of the wine of wrath from My hand, you shall give all the nations to drink of it” (infra 25:15). Another explanation of “When you had not yet emerged from the womb I appointed you” is: Concerning you I said to Moses: “I will set up a prophet… like you” (Deut. 18:18). This one reproved them, and this one reproved them. This one prophesied for forty years and this one prophesied for forty years.   נביא לגוים.  לישראל שהיו נוהגים עצמם כעכו"ם כך נדרש בספרי נביא מקרבך וגו' (דברים י״ח:ט״ו) יקים לך ולא למכחישי תורה הא מה אני מקיים נביא לגוים נתתיך בבני ישראל שהיו נוהגים כעכו"ם ד"א בטרם תצא מרחם הקדשתיך עליך אמרתי למשה נביא אקים להם כמוך (דברים י״ח:י״ח) זה הוכיחם וזה הוכיחם זה נתנבא ארבעים שנה וזה נתנבא ארבעים שנה:
6And I said, "Alas, O Lord God! Behold, I know not to speak for I am a youth.   ווָֽאֹמַ֗ר אֲהָהּ֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה לֹֽא־יָדַ֖עְתִּי דַבֵּ֑ר כִּי־נַ֖עַר אָנֹֽכִי:
Alas. This is an expression of wailing (konpljjnt in 0.F.).   אהה.  ל' יילל קונפליינ"ט בלע"ז:
for I am a youth. I am not worthy to reprove them. Moses reproved them shortly before his death, when he was already esteemed in their eyes through the many miracles that he had performed for them. He had taken them out of Egypt, split the Reed Sea for them, brought down the manna, caused the quails to fly, given them the Torah, brought up the well. I come to reprove them at the beginning of my mission.   כי נער אנכי.  איני כדאי להוכיחן משה הוכיחן סמוך למיתתו כבר נחשב בעיניהם בכמה נסים שעשה להם הוציאם ממצרים וקרע להם את הים הוריד את המן הגיז את השליו נתן להם את התורה העלה את הבאר אני בתחלת שליחותי אני בא להוכיחם:
7And the Lord said to me; Say not, "I am a youth," for wherever I send you, you shall go, and whatever I command you, you shall speak.   זוַיֹּ֚אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י אַל־תֹּאמַ֖ר נַ֣עַר אָנֹ֑כִי כִּ֠י עַל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֚ר אֶֽשְׁלָֽחֲךָ֙ תֵּלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲצַוְּךָ֖ תְּדַבֵּֽר:
wherever I send you. to the heathens.   על כל אשר אשלחך.  אל העכו"ם:
and whatever I command you. to Israel, you shall speak.   ואת כל אשר אצוך.  לישראל תדבר:
8Fear them not, for I am with you to save you, says the Lord.   חאַל־תִּירָ֖א מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י לְהַצִּלֶ֖ךָ נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה:
9And the Lord stretched out His hand and reached my mouth, and the Lord said to me; Behold, I have placed My words in your mouth.   טוַיִּשְׁלַ֚ח יְהֹוָה֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ וַיַּגַּ֖ע עַל־פִּ֑י וַיֹּ֚אמֶר יְהֹוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י הִנֵּ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי דְבָרַ֖י בְּפִֽיךָ:
And the Lord stretched forth His hand. Every sending mentioned concerning a hand is an expression of stretching forth. Another explanation is like the Targum: And the Lord sent the words of His prophecy.   וישלח ה' את ידו.  כל שליחות שהוא אצל יד לשון הושטה ל"א כתרגום ושלח ה' ית פתגמי נביאותיה:
10Behold, I have appointed you this day over the nations and over the kingdoms, to uproot and to crush, and to destroy and to demolish, to build and to plant.   ירְאֵ֞ה הִפְקַדְתִּ֣יךָ | הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה עַל־הַגּוֹיִם֙ וְעַל־הַמַּמְלָכ֔וֹת לִנְת֥וֹשׁ וְלִנְת֖וֹץ וּלְהַֽאֲבִ֣יד וְלַֽהֲר֑וֹס לִבְנ֖וֹת וְלִנְטֽוֹעַ:
I have appointed you. I have appointed you over the heathens.   הפקדתיך.  מנותיך על העכו"ם:
to uproot and to crush. (depayser in French, to uproot) and over Israel to build and to plant if they heed. So did Jonathan paraphrase it.   לנתוש ולנתוץ.  דיספציר בלעז:
11And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: What do you see, Jeremiah? And I said, "I see a rod of an almond tree."   יאוַיְהִ֚י דְבַר־יְהֹוָה֙ אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֔ר מָֽה־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ וָֽאֹמַ֕ר מַקֵּ֥ל שָׁקֵ֖ד אֲנִ֥י רֹאֶֽה:
a rod of an almond tree. (amendleer in O.F.) Jonathan, however, renders: A King who hastens to do evil.   מקל שקד.  מנדולי"ר בלעז, ויונתן תרגם מקל שקד מלך דמוחי לאבאשא:
12And the Lord said to me; You have seen well, for I hasten My word to accomplish it.   יבוַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י הֵיטַ֣בְתָּ לִרְא֑וֹת כִּֽי־שֹׁקֵ֥ד אֲנִ֛י עַל־דְּבָרִ֖י לַֽעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ:
You have seen well. This almond tree hastens to blossom before all other trees. I, too, hasten to perform My word. And the Midrash Aggadah (Ecc. Rabbah 12:8) explains: An almond tree takes twenty-one days from its blossoming until it is completely ripe, as the number of days between the seventeenth of Tammuz, when the city was broken into, until the ninth of Av, when the Temple was burnt.   היטבת לראות.  השקד הזה הוא ממהר להוציא פרח קודם לכל האילנות אף אני ממהר לעשות דברי, ומדרש אגדה השקד הזה הוא משעת חניטתו עד גמר בישולו עשרים ואחד יום כמנין ימים שבין שבעה עשר בתמוז שבו הובקעה העיר לתשעה באב שבו נשרף הבית:
13And the word of the Lord came to me a second time, saying: What do you see? And I said, "I see a bubbling pot, whose foam is toward the north."   יגוַיְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֚ה | אֵלַי֙ שֵׁנִ֣ית לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה רֹאֶ֑ה וָֽאֹמַ֗ר סִ֚יר נָפ֙וּחַ֙ אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֔ה וּפָנָ֖יו מִפְּנֵ֥י צָפֽוֹנָה:
a bubbling pot. [lit. blown up,] seething (boillant in French).   סיר נפוח.  רותח בויילנ"ט בלעז:
whose foam. [lit. and its face,] its seething (et ses ondes in O.F.) [and its waves].   ופניו.  רתיחותיו אשישאונדי"ש בלעז:
14And the Lord said to me; From the north the misfortune will break forth upon all the inhabitants of the land.   ידוַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפוֹן֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָֽרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹֽשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ:
From the north the misfortune will break forth. Babylon is on the north of Eretz Israel.   מצפון תפתח הרעה.  בבל לצפונה של ארץ ישראל היא:
15For, behold I am summoning all the families of the kingdoms of the north, says the Lord, and they will come and place, each one his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem and against all its walls around and against all the cities of Judah.   טוכִּ֣י | הִנְנִ֣י קֹרֵ֗א לְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֛וֹת מַמְלְכ֥וֹת צָפ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֑ה וּבָ֡אוּ וְֽנָֽתְנוּ֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּסְא֜וֹ פֶּ֣תַח | שַֽׁעֲרֵ֣י יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וְעַ֚ל כָּל־חֽוֹמֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה:
16And I will utter My judgments against them concerning all their evil, that they left Me and offered up burnt-offerings to other gods and they prostrated themselves to the work of their hands.   טזוְדִבַּרְתִּ֚י מִשְׁפָּטַי֙ אוֹתָ֔ם עַ֖ל כָּל־רָֽעָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּֽחֲו֖וּ לְמַֽעֲשֵׂ֥י יְדֵיהֶֽם:
And I will utter My judgments against them. I will debate with them, with Judah and Jerusalem.   ודברתי משפטי אותם.  אתווכח עמם עם יהודה וירושלים:
17And you shall gird your loins and arise and speak to them all that I command you; be not dismayed by them, lest I break you before them.   יזוְאַתָּה֙ תֶּאְזֹ֣ר מָתְנֶ֔יךָ וְקַמְתָּ֙ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽנֹכִ֖י אֲצַוֶּ֑ךָּ אַל־תֵּחַת֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם פֶּן־אֲחִתְּךָ֖ לִפְנֵיהֶֽם:
And you shall gird your loins. This is an expression of quickening like a man of valor.   תאזור מתניך.  ל' זירוז כאיש חיל:
18And I, behold I have made you today into a fortified city and into an iron pillar, and into copper walls against the entire land, against the kings of Judah, against its princes, against its priests, and against the people of the land.   יחוַֽאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֛ה נְתַתִּ֣יךָ הַיּ֗וֹם לְעִ֨יר מִבְצָ֜ר וּלְעַמּ֥וּד בַּרְזֶ֛ל וּלְחֹמ֥וֹת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לְמַלְכֵ֚י יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂרֶ֔יהָ לְכֹֽהֲנֶ֖יהָ וּלְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ:
against the Kings of Judah. lit. to the Kings of Judah.   למלכי יהודה.  כנגד מלכי יהודה:
19And they shall fight against you but they shall not prevail against you, for I am with you says the Lord, to save you.   יטוְנִלְחֲמ֥וּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְלֹֽא־י֣וּכְלוּ לָ֑ךְ כִּֽי־אִתְּךָ֥ אֲנִ֛י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָ֖ה לְהַצִּילֶֽךָ:
And they shall fight against you. They shall quarrel and fight against you to refute the words of your prophecy.   ונלחמו אליך.  ויהון דינין ומגיחין לקבלך למסתר ית פתגמי נבואתך:

Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah) Chapter 2

1And the word of the Lord came to me, saying:   אוַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהֹוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר:
2Go and call out in the ears of Jerusalem, saying: so said the Lord: I remember to you the lovingkindness of your youth, the love of your nuptials, your following Me in the desert, in a land not sown.   בהָלֹ֡ךְ וְֽקָרָאתָ֩ בְּאָזְנֵי֙ יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּה אָמַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה זָכַ֚רְתִּי לָךְ֙ חֶ֣סֶד נְעוּרַ֔יִךְ אַֽהֲבַ֖ת כְּלוּלֹתָ֑יִךְ לֶכְתֵּ֚ךְ אַֽחֲרַי֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֥א זְרוּעָֽה:
I remember to you. Were you to return to Me, I would desire to have mercy on you for I remember the loving kindness of your youth and the love of the nuptials of your wedding canopy, when I brought you into the wedding canopy, and this (כלולתיך) is an expression of bringing in. Your nuptials (Noces in O.F.). Now what was the loving kindness of your youth? Your following My messengers, Moses and Aaron, from an inhabited land to the desert without provisions for the way since you believed in Me.   זכרתי לך.  אם הייתם שבים אלי תאוותי לרחם עליכם כי זכרת חסד נעוריך ואהבת כלילת חופתך שהכללתיך לחופה ול' הכנסה הוא, כלולותיך נוצי"ש בלעז, ומה הוא חסד נעוריך לכתך אחר שלוחי משה ואהרן מארץ נושבת יצאתם למדבר ואין צדה לדרך כי האמנתם בי:
3Israel is holy to the Lord, the first of His grain; all who eat him shall be guilty, evil shall befall them, says the Lord.   גקֹ֚דֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהֹוָ֔ה רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבֽוּאָתֹ֑ה כָּל־אֹֽכְלָ֣יו יֶאְשָּׁ֔מוּ רָעָ֛ה תָּבֹ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה:
Israel is holy. like terumah.   קדש ישראל.  כתרומה:
the first of His grain. Like the first of the harvest before the Omer, which it is forbidden to eat, and whoever eats it is liable, so will all those who eat him be guilty. So did Jonathan render it.   ראשית תבואתה.  כראשית קציר לפני העומר שאסור באכילה והאוכלו מתחייב כן כל אוכליו יאשמו כן ת"י:
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