| 1And this is the thing that you shall do for them to sanctify them to serve Me [as kohanim]: take one young bull and two rams, perfect ones. |
|
אוְזֶ֨ה הַדָּבָ֜ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם לְקַדֵּ֥שׁ אֹתָ֖ם לְכַהֵ֣ן לִ֑י לְ֠קַ֠ח פַּ֣ר אֶחָ֧ד בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר וְאֵילִ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם תְּמִימִֽם: |
| take: Heb. לְקַח, like קַח, and these are two roots, one of קִיחָה and one of לְקִיחָה, but they have the same meaning [i.e., take]. |
|
לְקַח:
כְּמוֹ קַח. וּשְׁתֵּי גְזִירוֹת הֵן, אַחַת שֶׁל קִיחָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל לְקִיחָה, וְלָהֶן פִּתְרוֹן אֶחָד:
|
| one young bull: This was to atone for the incident of the [golden] calf, which was a bull. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 10] |
|
פַּר אֶחָד:
לְכַפֵּר עַל מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל שֶׁהוּא פַּר:
|
| 2And unleavened bread and unleavened loaves mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil; you shall make them out of fine wheat flour. |
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בוְלֶ֣חֶם מַצּ֗וֹת וְחַלֹּ֤ת מַצֹּת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן סֹ֥לֶת חִטִּ֖ים תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם: |
| And unleavened bread and unleavened loaves… and unleavened wafers: These refer to three types [of matzah]: scalded dough, loaves, and wafers (Men. 78a). The unleavened bread is what is called further in the section (verse 23) “loaf of oil bread,” because he [Moses] would put as much oil into the scalded dough as in the loaves and the wafers (Men. 89a), and of each of the types [of unleavened bread referred to here], ten loaves were brought. |
|
וְלֶחֶם מַצּוֹת וְחַלֹּת מַצֹּת וּרְקִיקֵי מַצּוֹת:
הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינִין רְבוּכָה, וְחַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִים לֶחֶם מַצּוֹת, הִיא הַקְּרוּיָה לְמַטָּה בָּעִנְיָן (פסוק כג) חַלַּת לֶחֶם שֶׁמֶן, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנּוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן בָּרְבוּכָה כְּנֶגֶד הַחַלּוֹת וְהָרְקִיקִין, וְכָל הַמִּינִין בָּאִים עֶשֶׂר עֶשֶׂר חַלּוֹת:
|
| mixed with oil: When it [the bread] was flour, he [Moses] would pour oil on them and mix them. -[from Men. 75a] |
|
בְּלוּלֹת בַּשֶּׁמֶן:
כְּשֶׁהֵן קֶמַח יוֹצֵק בָּהֶן שֶׁמֶן וּבוֹלְלָן:
|
| anointed with oil: After they were baked, he [Moses] would anoint them like a sort of Greek “chaff,” which resembles our [Hebrew letter of the alphabet] “nun.” -[from Men. 74b] |
|
מְשֻׁחִים בַּשֶּׁמֶן:
אַחַר אֲפִיָּתָן מוֹשְׁחָן כְּמִין כִי (נ"א כ"ף) יְוָנִית, שֶׁהִיא עֲשׂוּיָה כְּנוּ"ן שֶׁלָּנוּ:
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| 3And you shall place them upon a basket, and you shall bring them in the basket, and the bull and the two rams. |
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גוְנָֽתַתָּ֤ אוֹתָם֙ עַל־סַ֣ל אֶחָ֔ד וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּסָּ֑ל וְאֶ֨ת־הַפָּ֔ר וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֥י הָֽאֵילִֽם: |
| and you shall bring them: to the courtyard of the Mishkan on the day it will be erected. |
|
וְהִקְרַבְתָּ אֹתָם:
אֶל חֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן בְּיוֹם הֲקָמָתוֹ:
|
| 4And you shall bring Aaron and his sons near the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and you shall bathe them in water. |
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דוְאֶת־אַֽהֲרֹ֤ן וְאֶת־בָּנָיו֙ תַּקְרִ֔יב אֶל־פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְרָֽחַצְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּמָּֽיִם: |
| and you shall bathe them: This [refers to] the immersion of the entire body. |
|
וְרָֽחַצְתָּ:
זוֹ טְבִילַת כָּל הַגּוּף:
|
| 5And you shall take the garments and clothe Aaron with the tunic, with the robe of the ephod, with the ephod, and with the choshen, and you shall adorn him with the band of the ephod. |
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הוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֣ אֶת־הַבְּגָדִ֗ים וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֤ אֶת־אַֽהֲרֹן֙ אֶת־הַכֻּתֹּ֔נֶת וְאֵת֙ מְעִ֣יל הָֽאֵפֹ֔ד וְאֶת־הָֽאֵפֹ֖ד וְאֶת־הַח֑שֶׁן וְאָֽפַדְתָּ֣ ל֔וֹ בְּחֵ֖שֶׁב הָֽאֵפֹֽד: |
| and you shall adorn: Adorn and affix the belt and the apron around him. |
|
וְאָֽפַדְתָּ:
קַשֵּׁט וְתַקֵּן הַחֲגוֹרָה וְהַסִּינָר סְבִיבוֹתָיו:
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| 6You shall place the cap upon his head and place the holy crown upon the cap. |
|
ווְשַׂמְתָּ֥ הַמִּצְנֶ֖פֶת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְנָֽתַתָּ֛ אֶת־נֵ֥זֶר הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ עַל־הַמִּצְנָֽפֶת: |
| the holy crown: Heb. נֵזֶר הַקֹּדֶשׁ. This is the showplate. |
|
נֵזֶר הַקֹּדֶשׁ:
זֶה הַצִּיץ:
|
| upon the cap: As I explained above (Exod. 28:37): through the middle thread [of the showplate] and the two threads on his head, all three of which were tied behind the nape [of the Kohen Gadol’s neck], he places it [the showplate] upon the cap like a sort of hat. |
|
עַל־הַמִּצְנֶפֶת:
כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי לְמַעְלָה – עַל יְדֵי הַפְּתִיל הָאֶמְצָעִי וּשְׁנֵי פְתִילִין שֶׁבְּרֹאשׁוֹ, הַקְּשׁוּרִין שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מֵאֲחוֹרֵי הָעֹרֶף, הוּא נוֹתְנוֹ עַל הַמִּצְנֶפֶת כְּמִין כּוֹבַע:
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| 7You shall take the anointing oil and pour [it] on his head and anoint him. |
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זוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְיָֽצַקְתָּ֖ עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ֖ אֹתֽוֹ: |
| and anoint him: This anointment was also like a sort of Greek “chaff.” [See commentary above on verse 2, and Rambam, Laws of Temple Vessels 1:7.] He [Moses] would apply oil to his [Aaron’s] head and between his eyebrows and join them with his finger. -[from Kereithoth 5b] |
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וּמָֽשַׁחְתָּ אֹתֽוֹ:
אַף מְשִׁיחָה זוֹ כְּמִין כִי, נוֹתֵן שֶׁמֶן עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וּבֵין רִסֵּי עֵינָיו וּמְחַבְּרָן בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ (כריתות ה'):
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| 8And you shall bring his sons near, and you shall clothe them with tunics. |
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חוְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו תַּקְרִ֑יב וְהִלְבַּשְׁתָּ֖ם כֻּתֳּנֹֽת: |
| 9And you shall gird them with sashes, Aaron and his sons, and you shall dress them with high hats, and the kehunah will be a perpetual statute for them, and you shall invest Aaron and his sons with full authority. |
|
טוְחָֽגַרְתָּ֩ אֹתָ֨ם אַבְנֵ֜ט אַֽהֲרֹ֣ן וּבָנָ֗יו וְחָֽבַשְׁתָּ֤ לָהֶם֙ מִגְבָּעֹ֔ת וְהָֽיְתָ֥ה לָהֶ֛ם כְּהֻנָּ֖ה לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּמִלֵּאתָ֥ יַד־אַֽהֲרֹ֖ן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו: |
| will be… for them: This investiture, for eternal kehunah. |
|
וְהָֽיְתָה לָהֶם:
מִלּוּי יָדַיִם זֶה לִכְהֻנַּת עוֹלָם:
|
| and you shall invest: through these things. |
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וּמִלֵּאתָ:
עַל יְדֵי הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה:
|
| Aaron and his sons: with the fulfillment (בְּמִלְוּי) and the appointment to the kehunah. |
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יַד־אַֽהֲרֹן וְיַד־בָּנָֽיו:
בְּמִנּוּי וּפְקֻדַּת הַכְּהֻנָּה:
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| 10You shall bring the bull to the front of the Tent of Meeting, and Aaron and his sons shall lean their hands upon the head of the bull. |
|
יוְהִקְרַבְתָּ֙ אֶת־הַפָּ֔ר לִפְנֵ֖י אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְסָמַ֨ךְ אַֽהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הַפָּֽר: |
| 11You shall [then] slaughter the bull before the Lord, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. |
|
יאוְשָֽׁחַטְתָּ֥ אֶת־הַפָּ֖ר לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד: |
| at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting: In the courtyard of the Mishkan, which is in front of the entrance. |
|
פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵֽד:
בַּחֲצַר הַמִּשְׁכָּן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּתַח:
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| 12And you shall take [some] of the blood of the bull and apply it on the horns of the altar with your finger, and you shall pour out all the blood upon the base of the altar. |
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יבוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ מִדַּ֣ם הַפָּ֔ר וְנָֽתַתָּ֛ה עַל־קַרְנֹ֥ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ בְּאֶצְבָּעֶ֑ךָ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַדָּ֣ם תִּשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְס֖וֹד הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ: |
| on the horns: On top, actually on the horns. -[from Zev. 53a] |
|
עַל־קַרְנֹת:
לְמַעְלָה בַּקְּרָנוֹת מַמָּשׁ:
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| and… all the blood: [I.e.,] the remaining blood. |
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וְאֶת־כָּל־הַדָּם:
שְׁיָרֵי הַדָּם:
|
| upon the base of the altar: A sort of protruding receptacle was made all around it [the altar] after it was elevated a cubit from the ground. -[from Middoth 3:1] |
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אֶל־יְסוֹד הַמִּזְבֵּחַ:
כְּמִין בְּלִיטַת בֵּית קִבּוּל עָשׂוּי לוֹ סָבִיב סָבִיב, לְאַחַר שֶׁעָלָה אַמָּה מִן הָאָרֶץ:
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| 13You shall then take all the fat that covers the innards, and the diaphragm with the liver, also the two kidneys and the fat that is upon them, and make them go up in smoke upon the altar. |
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יגוְלָֽקַחְתָּ֗ אֶת־כָּל־הַחֵ֘לֶב֘ הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣ה אֶת־הַקֶּ֒רֶב֒ וְאֵ֗ת הַיֹּתֶ֨רֶת֙ עַל־הַכָּבֵ֔ד וְאֵת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲלֵיהֶ֑ן וְהִקְטַרְתָּ֖ הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה: |
| the fat that covers the innards: That is the membrane on the rumen [i.e., the first stomach of a ruminant animal], which is called tele [in Old French, toile in modern French]. -[from Tosefta Chullin 9:3] |
|
הַחֵלֶב הַֽמְכַסֶּה אֶת־הַקֶּרֶב:
הוּא הַקְּרוּם שֶׁעַל הַכֶּרֶס, שֶׁקּוֹרִין טי"לא:
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| and the diaphragm: הַיֹּתֶרֶת. This is the membrane of the liver, called ebres [in Old French]. |
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וְאֵת הַיֹּתֶרֶת:
הוּא טַרְפְּשָׁא דְּכַבְדָּא, שֶׁקּוֹרִין איבר"יש:
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| with the liver: He must also take part of the liver along with it. -[from Sifra, Lev. 3:8] |
|
עַל־הַכָּבֵד:
אַף מִן הַכָּבֵד טֹל עִמָּהּ (ספרא):
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| 14But the flesh of the bull, its hide and its dung you shall burn in fire outside the camp; it is a sin offering. |
|
ידוְאֶת־בְּשַׂ֤ר הַפָּר֙ וְאֶת־עֹר֣וֹ וְאֶת־פִּרְשׁ֔וֹ תִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ מִח֖וּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶ֑ה חַטָּ֖את הֽוּא: |
| you shall burn in fire: We do not find any [reference to an] “outside” sin offering burnt except this one. |
|
תִּשְׂרֹף בָּאֵשׁ:
לֹא מָצִינוּ חַטָּאת חִיצוֹנָה נִשְׂרֶפֶת אֶלָּא זוֹ:
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| 15And you shall take the one ram, and Aaron and his sons shall lean their hands upon the ram's head. |
|
טווְאֶת־הָאַ֥יִל הָֽאֶחָ֖ד תִּקָּ֑ח וְסָ֨מְכ֜וּ אַֽהֲרֹ֧ן וּבָנָ֛יו אֶת־יְדֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ הָאָֽיִל: |
| 16You shall slaughter the ram, and you shall take its blood and sprinkle [it] on the altar all around. |
|
טזוְשָֽׁחַטְתָּ֖ אֶת־הָאָ֑יִל וְלָֽקַחְתָּ֙ אֶת־דָּמ֔וֹ וְזָֽרַקְתָּ֥ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ סָבִֽיב: |
| and sprinkle: with a vessel. He [Moses] would grasp the sprinkling basin and sprinkle [the blood] opposite the horn [of the altar], in order that it [the blood would] be visible on both sides. The only sacrifice requiring the blood to be applied with the finger is the sin offering. The other sacrifices require neither [that the blood be sprinkled on the] horn, nor [that it be applied with the] finger, because the application of their [the other sacrifices’] blood is on the lower half of the altar, and [the kohen] does not ascend the ramp [of the altar], but he stands on the ground and sprinkles [the blood]. -[from Zev. 53b] |
|
וְזָֽרַקְתָּ:
בִּכְלִי; אוֹחֵז בַּמִּזְרָק וְזוֹרֵק כְּנֶגֶד הַקֶּרֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּרָאֶה לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, וְאֵין קָרְבָּן טָעוּן מַתָּנָה בְּאֶצְבַּע אֶלָּא חַטָּאת בִּלְבַד, אֲבָל שְׁאָר זְבָחִים אֵינָן טְעוּנִין קֶרֶן וְלֹא אֶצְבַּע, שֶׁמַּתַּן דָּמָם מֵחֲצִי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמַטָּה, וְאֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ אֶלָּא עוֹמֵד בָּאָרֶץ וְזוֹרֵק (זבחים נ"ג):
|
| all around: Heb. סָבִיב. Thus it is delineated in Shechitath Kodashim (Zev. 53b) that סָבִיב refers to only two applications, which [actually] are four-one [application is] on this corner and one on the diagonally opposite corner. Each application was visible on both sides of the corner, thus the blood was applied on the four directions all around. Therefore, it [the sprinkling of the blood] is called סָבִיב, all around. |
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סָבִֽיב:
כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּשְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים שֶׁאֵין סָבִיב אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּי מַתָּנוֹת שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, הָאַחַת בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית זוֹ, וְהָאַחַת שֶׁכְּנֶגְדָהּ בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, וְכָל מַתָּנָה נִרְאֵית בִּשְׁנֵי צִדֵּי הַקֶּרֶן אֵילָךְ וָאֵילָךְ, נִמְצָא הַדָּם נָתוּן בְּאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת סָבִיב, לְכָךְ קָרוּי סָבִיב:
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| 17And you shall dissect the ram into its parts, and you shall wash its innards and its legs and put them with its parts and with its head, |
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יזוְאֶ֨ת־הָאַ֔יִל תְּנַתֵּ֖חַ לִנְתָחָ֑יו וְרָֽחַצְתָּ֤ קִרְבּוֹ֙ וּכְרָעָ֔יו וְנָֽתַתָּ֥ עַל־נְתָחָ֖יו וְעַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ: |
| into its parts: Heb. עַל-נְתָחָיו, [equivalent to] עִם-נְתָחָיו, with its parts, in addition to the rest of the parts. |
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עַל־נְתָחָיו:
עִם נְתָחָיו – מוּסָף עַל שְׁאָר הַנְּתָחִים:
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| 18and you shall make the entire ram go up in smoke upon the altar; it is a burnt offering made to the Lord; it is a spirit of satisfaction, a fire offering for the Lord. |
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יחוְהִקְטַרְתָּ֤ אֶת־כָּל־הָאַ֨יִל֙ הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָה עֹלָ֥ה ה֖וּא לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיח֔וֹחַ אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה הֽוּא: |
| it is a spirit of satisfaction: It is satisfaction to Me that I commanded and My will was performed. -[from Zev. 46b] |
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רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ:
נַחַת רוּחַ לְפָנַי, שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי וְנַעֲשָׂה רְצוֹנִי:
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| a fire offering: Heb. אִשֶׁה, a word related to fire אֵשׁ, and it means burning the limbs that are on the fire. |
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אִשֶּׁה:
לְשׁוֹן אֵשׁ, וְהִיא הַקְטָרַת אֵבָרִים שֶׁעַל הָאֵשׁ:
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