| 50The Lord spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying: |
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נוַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶל־משֶׁ֖ה בְּעַרְבֹ֣ת מוֹאָ֑ב עַל־יַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ לֵאמֹֽר: |
| 51Speak to the children of Israel and say to them: When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, |
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נאדַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כִּ֥י אַתֶּ֛ם עֹֽבְרִ֥ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן: |
| When you cross the Jordan…you shall drive out…: Were not they previously forewarned about this a number of times? However, Moses said to them, “When you cross over the Jordan on dry land, you shall cross on this condition, for if not, water will come and inundate you.” And so we find that Joshua said the same to them while they were still in the Jordan. — [Sotah 34a] |
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כִּי אַתֶּם עֹֽבְרִים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן וגו' וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם וגו':
וַהֲלֹא כַמָּה פְעָמִים הֻזְהֲרוּ עַל כָּךְ? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה כְּשֶׁאַתֶּם עוֹבְרִים בַּיַּרְדֵּן בַּיַּבָּשָׁה עַל מְנָת כֵּן תַּעַבְרוּ, וְאִם לָאו — מַיִם בָּאִין וְשׁוֹטְפִין אֶתְכֶם, וְכֵן מָצִינוּ שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (יהושע ד') בְּעוֹדָם בַּיַּרְדֵּן (סוטה ל"ד):
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| 52you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, destroy all their temples, destroy their molten idols, and demolish their high places. |
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נבוְה֨וֹרַשְׁתֶּ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־יֽשְׁבֵ֤י הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וְאִ֨בַּדְתֶּ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־צַלְמֵ֤י מַסֵּֽכֹתָם֙ תְּאַבֵּ֔דוּ וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־בָּֽמוֹתָ֖ם תַּשְׁמִֽידוּ: |
| You shall drive out: Heb. וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם, you shall drive them out. |
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וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם:
וְגֵרַשְׁתֶּם:
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| their temples: Heb. מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders, סִגְדַּתְהוֹן, their houses of worship, so called because they would cover (מַסְכְּכִין) the ground with a marble floor, on which they would prostrate themselves with outstretched hands and legs, as it is written, “And in your land you shall not place a pavement stone on which to prostrate yourselves (אֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית) in your land on which to prostrate yourselves” (Lev. 26:1). |
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מַשְׂכִּיֹּתָם:
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "בֵּית סִגְדַּתְהוֹן", עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ מְסַכְּכִין אֶת הַקַּרְקַע בְּרִצְפַּת אֲבָנִים שֶׁל שַׁיִשׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲווֹת עֲלֵיהֶם בְּפִשּׁוּט יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, כְּדִכְתִיב "וְאֶבֶן מַשְׂכִּית לֹא תִתְּנוּ בְּאַרְצְכֶם לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֹת עָלֶיהָ" (ויקרא כ"ו):
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| their molten [idols]: Heb. מַסֵּכֹתָם, as the Targum renders, מַתְּכַתְהוֹן, their molten [idols]. |
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מַסֵּֽכֹתָם:
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ — "מַתְּכַתְהוֹן":
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| 53You shall clear out the Land and settle in it, for I have given you the Land to occupy it. |
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נגוְהֽוֹרַשְׁתֶּ֥ם אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֛ם נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ לָרֶ֥שֶׁת אֹתָֽהּ: |
| And you shall clear out the Land: You shall vacate it of its inhabitants, and then you shall “settle in it.” Only then will you be able to survive there, but if you do not do this, you will be unable to survive there. |
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וְהֽוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ:
וְהוֹרַשְׁתֶּם אוֹתָהּ מִיּוֹשְׁבֶיהָ, וְאָז וישבתם בה — תּוּכְלוּ לְהִתְקַיֵּם בָּהּ, וְאִם לָאו — לֹא תוּכְלוּ לְהִתְקַיֵּם בָּהּ:
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| 54You shall give the Land as an inheritance to your families by lot; to the large, you shall give a larger inheritance and to the small you shall give a smaller inheritance; wherever the lot falls shall be his; according to the tribes of your fathers, you shall inherit. |
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נד וְהִתְנַֽחַלְתֶּם֩ אֶת־הָאָ֨רֶץ בְּגוֹרָ֜ל לְמִשְׁפְּחֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם לָרַ֞ב תַּרְבּ֤וּ אֶת־נַֽחֲלָתוֹ֙ וְלַמְעַט֙ תַּמְעִ֣יט אֶת־נַֽחֲלָת֔וֹ אֶל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יֵ֨צֵא ל֥וֹ שָׁ֛מָּה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל ל֣וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֑ה לְמַטּ֥וֹת אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם תִּתְנֶחָֽלוּ: |
| wherever [the lot] falls: Heb. אֶל אֲשֶׁר יֵצֵא לוֹ שָׁמָּה, to…that the lot falls. This is an elliptical verse [and its meaning is:] The place to which the lot falls for him, shall be his. |
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אֶל אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא לוֹ שָׁמָּה:
מִקְרָא קָצָר הוּא זֶה: אֶל מָקום אשר יצא לו שמה הגורל לו יהיה:
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| according to the tribes of your fathers: According to the number of those who left Egypt (B.B. 117a). Another interpretation: with twelve territories, like the number of tribes. |
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לְמַטּוֹת אֲבֹֽתֵיכֶם:
לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן יוֹצְאֵי מִצְרַיִם (בבא בתרא קי"ז); דָּבָר אַחֵר — בְּי"ב גְּבוּלִין כְּמִנְיַן הַשְּׁבָטִים:
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| 55But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the Land from before you, then those whom you leave over will be as spikes in your eyes and thorns in your sides, and they will harass you in the land in which you settle. |
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נהוְאִם־לֹ֨א תוֹרִ֜ישׁוּ אֶת־יֽשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֘רֶץ֘ מִפְּנֵיכֶם֒ וְהָיָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תּוֹתִ֣ירוּ מֵהֶ֔ם לְשִׂכִּים֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיכֶ֔ם וְלִצְנִינִ֖ם בְּצִדֵּיכֶ֑ם וְצָֽרְר֣וּ אֶתְכֶ֔ם עַל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יֽשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ: |
| those whom you leave over: They will be a source of misfortune for you. |
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וְהָיָה אֲשֶׁר תּוֹתִירוּ מֵהֶם:
יִהְיוּ לָכֶם לְרָעָה:
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| as spikes in your eyes: Heb. לְשִׂכִּים, pins that will gouge out your eyes. The Targum [Onkelos renders], יְתֵדוֹת (Exod. 38:20), pins or spikes [as] סִכַּיָּא - |
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לְשִׂכִּים בְּעֵינֵיכֶם:
לִיתֵדוֹת הַמְנַקְּרוֹת עֵינֵיכֶם, תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל יְתֵדוֹת "שִׂיכַיָּא":
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| and thorns: Heb. וְלִצְנִינִם. The commentators interpret this in the sense of a hedge of thorns which will surround you, fencing you in and confining you so that none can leave or enter. - |
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וְלִצְנִינִם:
פּוֹתְרִין בּוֹ הַפּוֹתְרִים לְשׁוֹן מְסוּכַת קוֹצִים הַסּוֹכֶכֶת אֶתְכֶם, לִסְגֹּר וְלִכְלֹא אֶתְכֶם מֵאֵין יוֹצֵא וָבָא:
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| and they will harass you: Heb. וְצָרְרוּ, as the Targum [Onkelos] renders [וִיעִיקוּן, and they will harass you, cause you distress]. |
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וְצָֽרְרוּ אֶתְכֶם:
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ:
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| 56And it will be that what I had intended to do to them, I will do to you. |
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נווְהָיָ֗ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּמִּ֛יתִי לַֽעֲשׂ֥וֹת לָהֶ֖ם אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם: |
| 1The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: |
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אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 2Command the children of Israel and say to them, When you arrive in the land of Canaan, this is the land which shall fall to you as an inheritance, the land of Canaan according to its borders. |
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בצַ֞ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־אַתֶּ֥ם בָּאִ֖ים אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן זֹ֣את הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּפֹּ֤ל לָכֶם֙ בְּנַֽחֲלָ֔ה אֶ֥רֶץ כְּנַ֖עַן לִגְבֻֽלֹתֶֽיהָ: |
| This is the land which shall fall to you: Since many precepts apply to the Land [of Israel] and do not apply outside the Land, Scripture found it necessary to chart the outer limits of its boundaries from all sides, to inform you that the precepts apply everywhere within these borders. |
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זֹאת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר תִּפֹּל לָכֶם וגו':
לְפִי שֶׁהַרְבֵּה מִצְוֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת בָּאָרֶץ וְאֵין נוֹהֲגוֹת בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, הֻצְרַךְ לִכְתֹּב מִצְרָנֵי גְבוּלֵי רוּחוֹתֶיהָ סָבִיב, לוֹמַר לְךָ מִן הַגְּבוּלִים הַלָּלוּ וְלִפְנִים הַמִּצְוֹת נוֹהֲגוֹת (עי' גיטין ח'):
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| shall fall to you: Since it was apportioned by lot, the division is described in terms of נְפִילָה, falling [a word commonly used in connection with lots]. The Midrash Aggadah says that [this expression is used here] because the Holy One, blessed is He, cast down [lit., caused to fall] from heaven the celestial ministers of the seven [Canaanite] nations, and shackled them before Moses. He said to him [Moses], See, they no longer have any power. — [Mid. Tanchuma] |
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תִּפֹּל לָכֶם:
עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנִּתְחַלְּקָה בְגוֹרָל נִקְרֵאת חֲלֻקָּה לְשׁוֹן נְפִילָה; וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה אוֹמֵר עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהִפִּיל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שָׂרֵיהֶם שֶׁל שִׁבְעָה אֻמּוֹת מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וּכְפָתָן לִפְנֵי מֹשֶׁה אָמַר לוֹ רְאֵה אֵין בָּהֶם עוֹד כֹּחַ (עי' תנחומא):
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| 3Your southernmost corner shall be from the desert of Zin along Edom, and the southern border shall be from the edge of the Sea of Salt [the Dead Sea] to the east. |
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גוְהָיָ֨ה לָכֶ֧ם פְּאַת־נֶ֛גֶב מִמִּדְבַּר־צִ֖ן עַל־יְדֵ֣י אֱד֑וֹם וְהָיָ֤ה לָכֶם֙ גְּב֣וּל נֶ֔גֶב מִקְצֵ֥ה יָֽם־הַמֶּ֖לַח קֵֽדְמָה: |
| Your southernmost corner shall be: The southern flank extending from east to west. |
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וְהָיָה לָכֶם פְּאַת־נֶגֶב:
רוּחַ דְּרוֹמִית אֲשֶׁר מִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב:
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| from the desert of Zin: which adjoins Edom, beginning in the southeastern corner of the land of the nine tribes. How? Three lands lie south of the Land of Israel, each adjoining the other-part of Egypt, the entire land of Edom, and the entire land of Moab. The land of Egypt is in the southwestern corner, as it says [later] in this passage, “from Azmon to the stream of Egypt and its ends shall be to the sea” (verse 5). The stream of Egypt ran through the entire length of Egypt, as it says, “from the Shihor [river], which is along the face of Egypt” (Josh. 13:3), and it intervenes between the land of Egypt from the Land of Israel. The land of Edom adjoins it [Egypt] from the east, and the land of Moab adjoins the land of Edom at the southeastern corner [of the land of Israel]. When the Israelites departed from Egypt, had the Omnipresent wished to expedite their entry into the Land, He would have taken them northward across the Nile, and they would have thus entered the Land. But He did not do so, and this is the meaning of what is said, “God did not lead them [by] way of the land of the Philistines” (Exod. 13:17). For they [the Philistines] dwelt by the sea in the west of the land of Canaan, as it says regarding the Philistines, “those who inhabit the coastal area, the Cherethite nation” (Zeph. 2:5). He did not lead them by that route, but diverted them and took them along the southern route, to the desert. Ezekiel called it “the desert of the nations” (Ezek. 5:35) because several nations dwelt alongside it. He led them along the south, always from west to east, until they arrived at the southern end of the land of Edom. They asked the king of Edom for permission to enter his land and traverse its width in order to enter the Land [of Israel], but he refused, and they had to turn and travel along the entire south of Edom until they reached the southern end of the land of Moab, as it says, “He sent [messengers] also to the king of Moab, but he was unwilling” (Jud. 11:17). They then traversed the entire southern boundary of Moab, right to the end, and then turned northward until they had passed along its entire eastern boundary, along its width, and when they finished its eastern boundary, they came upon the land of Sihon and Og, who dwelt to the east of the land of Canaan, with the Jordan [river] intervening between them. This is the meaning of what is stated concerning Jephthah, “And they went through the desert and went around the land of Edom and the land of Moab, and they came to the east of the land of Moab” (ibid. 18). They conquered the lands of Sihon and Og, which were to the north of Moab, and came near to the Jordan, opposite the northwestern corner of the land of Moab. Hence, the land of Canaan, which was across the Jordan to the west, has its southeastern corner bordering on Edom. |
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מִמִּדְבַּר־צִן:
אֲשֶׁר אֵצֶל אֱדוֹם מַתְחִיל מִקְצוֹעַ דְרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית שֶׁל אֶרֶץ תִּשְׁעַת הַמַּטּוֹת; כֵּיצַד? שָׁלוֹשׁ אֲרָצוֹת יוֹשְׁבוֹת בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל זוֹ אֵצֶל זוֹ — קְצָת אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם וְאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם כֻּלָּהּ וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב כֻּלָּהּ, אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם בְּמִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מַעֲרָבִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ מֵעַצְמוֹן נַחְלָה מִצְרָיִם וְהָיוּ תוֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּמָּה, וְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם הָיָה מְהַלֵּךְ עַל פְּנֵי כָל אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע י"ג) "מִן הַשִּׁיחוֹר אֲשֶׁר עַל פְּנֵי מִצְרַיִם", וּמַפְסִיק בֵּין אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם אֶצְלָהּ לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח, וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב אֵצֶל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם בְּסוֹף הַדָּרוֹם לַמִּזְרָח. וּכְשֶׁיָּצְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם, אִם רָצָה הַמָּקוֹם לְקָרֵב אֶת כְּנִיסָתָם לָאָרֶץ, הָיָה מַעֲבִירָם אֶת הַנִּילוּס לְצַד צָפוֹן וּבָאִין לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְלֹא עָשָׂה כֵן, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ג) "וְלֹא נָחָם אֱלֹהִים דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּים", שֶׁהֵם יוֹשְׁבִים עַל הַיָּם בְּמַעֲרָבָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן — כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים (צפניה ב') "יֹשְׁבֵי חֶבֶל הַיָּם גּוֹי כְּרֵתִים" — וְלֹא נָחָם אוֹתוֹ הַדֶּרֶךְ, אֶלָּא הֱסִבָּן וְהוֹצִיאָם דֶּרֶךְ דְּרוֹמָהּ אֶל הַמִּדְבָּר, וְהוּא שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ יְחֶזְקֵאל (יחזקאל כ') "מִדְבַּר הָעַמִּים", לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ כַמָּה אֻמּוֹת יוֹשְׁבִים בְּצִדּוֹ; וְהוֹלְכִין אֵצֶל דְּרוֹמָהּ מִן הַמַּעֲרָב כְּלַפֵּי מִזְרָח תָּמִיד עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם, וּבִקְּשׁוּ מִמֶּלֶךְ אֱדוֹם שֶׁיַּנִּיחֵם לַעֲבֹר דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצוֹ וּלְהִכָּנֵס לָאָרֶץ דֶּרֶךְ רָחְבָּהּ וְלֹא רָצָה, וְהֻצְרְכוּ לִסְבֹּב אֶת כָּל דְּרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֱדוֹם עַד בּוֹאָם לִדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים י"א) "וְגַם אֶל מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב שָׁלַח וְלֹא אָבָה", וְהָלְכוּ כָּל דְּרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מוֹאָב עַד סוֹפָהּ, וּמִשָּׁם הָפְכוּ פְנֵיהֶם לַצָּפוֹן עַד שֶׁסָּבְבוּ כָל מֶצֶר מִזְרָחִי שֶׁלָּהּ לְרָחְבָּהּ; וּכְשֶׁכִּלּוּ אֶת מִזְרָחָהּ, מָצְאוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין בְּמִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מַפְסִיק בֵּינֵיהֶם, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּיִפְתָּח (שם) "וַיֵּלֶךְ בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיָּסָב אֶת אֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם וְאֶת אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וַיָּבֹא מִמִּזְרַח שֶׁמֶשׁ לְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב", וְכָבְשׁוּ אֶת אֶרֶץ סִיחוֹן וְעוֹג שֶׁהָיְתָה בִּצְפוֹנָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב וְקָרְבוּ עַד הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהוּא כְנֶגֶד מִקְצוֹעַ צָפוֹנָה מַעֲרָבָה שֶׁל אֶרֶץ מוֹאָב; נִמְצָא שֶׁאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן לַמַּעֲרָב, הָיָה מִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית שֶׁלָּהּ אֵצֶל אֱדוֹם:
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| 4The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim [elevation of Akrabim], passing toward Zin, and its ends shall be to the south of Kadesh barnea. Then it shall extend to Hazar addar and continue toward Azmon. |
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דוְנָסַ֣ב לָכֶם֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִנֶּ֜גֶב לְמַֽעֲלֵ֤ה עַקְרַבִּים֙ וְעָ֣בַר צִ֔נָה וְהָיוּ֙ (כתיב והיה֙) תּֽוֹצְאֹתָ֔יו מִנֶּ֖גֶב לְקָדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֑עַ וְיָצָ֥א חֲצַר־אַדָּ֖ר וְעָבַ֥ר עַצְמֹֽנָה: |
| The border then turns south of Maaleh Akrabim: Whenever the term וְנָסַב (“turns”) or וְיָצָא (“extends to”) is used, it [Scripture] informs us that the border was not straight, but veered outward; the boundary line bent to the north, angling westward, so that the border passed south of Maaleh Akrabim, so that Maaleh Akrabim was within the border. |
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וְנָסַב לָכֶם הַגְּבוּל מִנֶּגֶב לְמַֽעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים:
כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְנָסַב" אוֹ "וְיָצָא" מְלַמֵּד שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה הַמֶּצֶר שָׁוֶה אֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְיוֹצֵא לַחוּץ; יוֹצֵא הַמֶּצֶר וְעוֹקֵם לְצַד צְפוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן לַמַּעֲרָב, וְעוֹבֵר הַמֶּצֶר בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים, נִמְצָא מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים לִפְנִים מִן הַמֶּצֶר:
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| passing toward Zin: Heb. צִנָה, to Zin, as in מִצְרַיְמָה, to Egypt. |
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וְעָבַר צִנָה:
אֶל צִן, כְּמוֹ מִצְרַיְמָה:
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| its ends shall be: Heb. תוֹצְאֹתָיו, its ends, to the south of Kadesh-barnea. |
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והיו תּֽוֹצְאֹתָיו:
קְצוֹתָיו, בִּדְרוֹמָהּ שֶׁל קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ:
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| it shall extend: The boundary stretches northward and continues angling westward, until it reaches Hazar-addar, and from there to Azmon and from there to the stream of Egypt. The term “turns” is used here, because Scripture writes, “it shall extend to Hazar-addar.” For it began to widen after passing Kadesh-barnea, and the width of that strip which protruded northward was from Kadesh-barnea to Azmon. From there onward, the boundary narrowed and turned southward, reaching the river of Egypt, and from there westward to the Great Sea, which is the western boundary of the entire Land of Israel. Thus, the river of Egypt is in the southwestern corner. |
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וְיָצָא חֲצַר־אַדָּר:
מִתְפַּשֵּׁט הַמֶּצֶר וּמַרְחִיב לְצַד צָפוֹן שֶׁל עוֹלָם וְנִמְשָׁךְ עוֹד בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן לַמַּעֲרָב, וּבָא לוֹ לַחֲצַר אַדָּר, וּמִשָּׁם לְעַצְמוֹן, וּמִשָּׁם לְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם; וּלְשׁוֹן וְנָסַב הָאָמוּר כָּאן, לְפִי שֶׁכָּתַב וְיָצָא חֲצַר אַדָּר, שֶׁהִתְחִיל לְהַרְחִיב מִשֶּׁעָבַר אֶת קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ, וְרֹחַב אוֹתָהּ רְצוּעָה שֶׁבָּלְטָה לְצַד צָפוֹן הָיְתָה מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ עַד עַצְמוֹן, וּמִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה נִתְקַצֵּר הַמֶּצֶר וְנָסַב לְצַד הַדָּרוֹם וּבָא לוֹ לְנַחַל מִצְרַיִם, וּמִשָּׁם לְצַד הַמַּעֲרָב אֶל הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל שֶׁהוּא מֶצֶר מַעֲרָבָהּ שֶׁל כָּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, נִמְצָא שֶׁנַּחַל מִצְרַיִם בְּמִקְצוֹעַ מַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית:
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| 5The border then turns from Azmon to the stream of Egypt, and its ends shall be to the sea. |
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הוְנָסַ֧ב הַגְּב֛וּל מֵֽעַצְמ֖וֹן נַ֣חְלָה מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהָי֥וּ תֽוֹצְאֹתָ֖יו הַיָּֽמָּה: |
| and its ends shall be to the sea: To the western border, for the southern border no longer stretches westward past there. |
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וְהָיוּ תֽוֹצְאֹתָיו הַיָּֽמָּה:
אֶל מֶצֶר הַמַּעֲרָב שֶׁאֵין עוֹד גְּבוּל נֶגֶב מַאֲרִיךְ לְצַד הַמַּעֲרָב מִשָּׁם וָהָלְאָה:
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| 6The western border: it shall be for you the Great [Mediterranean] Sea and the border this shall be your western border. |
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ווּגְב֣וּל יָ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֛ם הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל וּגְב֑וּל זֶה־יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל יָֽם: |
| The western border: And what was the western border? |
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וּגְבוּל יָם:
וּמֶצֶר מַעֲרָבִי מַהוּ?
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| [It shall be for you] the Great Sea: As a boundary. |
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וְהָיָה לָכֶם הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל:
לְמֶצֶר:
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| and the border: The islands in the sea are also included in the border. These islands are called isles in old French. — [Gittin 8a] |
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וּגְבוּל:
הַנִּסִּין שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַיָּם אַף הֵם מִן הַגְּבוּל, וְהֵם אִיִּים שֶקּוֹרִין איזל"ס:
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| 7This shall be your northern border: From the Great [Mediterranean] Sea turn yourselves toward Mount Hor. |
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זוְזֶה־יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֣וּל צָפ֑וֹן מִן־הַיָּם֙ הַגָּדֹ֔ל תְּתָא֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם הֹ֥ר הָהָֽר: |
| northern border: Heb. גְּבוּל צָפוֹן, the northern boundary. |
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גְּבוּל צָפוֹן:
מֶצֶר צָפוֹן:
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| From the Great Sea turn yourselves toward Mount Hor: which is the northwestern corner. Its summit slopes down into the sea. Some of the expanse of the sea is inward of it and some outside it. |
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מִן־הַיָּם הַגָּדֹל תְּתָאוּ לָכֶם הֹר הָהָֽר:
שֶׁהוּא בְמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית וְרֹאשׁוֹ מַשְׁפִּיעַ וְנִכְנָס לְתוֹךְ הַיָּם, וְיֵשׁ מֵרֹחַב הַיָּם לִפְנִים הֵימֶנּוּ וְחוּצָה הֵימֶנּוּ:
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| turn yourselves: Change your direction, to move from west to north, toward Mount Hor. |
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תְּתָאוּ:
תְּשַׁפְּעוּ לָכֶם, לִנְטוֹת מִמַּעֲרָב לַצָּפוֹן, אֶל הֹר הָהָר:
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| turn yourselves: An expression denoting a slant, as in “the [slanting] chamber (תָּא) of the guards” (I Kings 14:28); “the chamber (תָּא) of the gate” (Ezek. 40:10), which are called apendiz in old French [penthouse, lean-to, a small building with a sloping roof, attached to a main building] for it is curved and sloping. |
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תְּתָאוּ:
לְשׁוֹן סִבָּה, כְּמוֹ "אֶל תָּא הָרָצִים" (מלכים א י"ד), "וְתָאֵי הַשַּׁעַר" (יחזקאל מ') — הַיָּצִיעַ, שֶׁקּוֹרִין אפנדי"ץ, שֶׁהוּא מוּסָב וּמְשֻׁפָּע:
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| 8From Mount Hor turn to the entrance of Hamath, and the ends of the border shall be toward Zedad. |
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חמֵהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר תְּתָא֖וּ לְבֹ֣א חֲמָ֑ת וְהָי֛וּ תּֽוֹצְאֹ֥ת הַגְּבֻ֖ל צְדָֽדָה: |
| From Mount Hor: you shall turn and continue along the northern border eastward, and then you will arrive at the entrance to Hamath, which is Antioch. - [Targum Yerushalmi] |
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מֵהֹר הָהָר:
תָּסֹבּוּ וְתֵלְכוּ אֶל מֶצֶר הַצָּפוֹן לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח, וְתִפְגְּעוּ בִּלְבֹא חֲמָת, זוֹ אַנְטוֹכְיָא:
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| and the ends of the border: Heb. תּוֹצְאֹת הַגּבוּל, the ends of the border. Whenever [Scripture] mentions “the ends of the border” either the boundary line ends there completely and does not continue further in that direction, or from there it spreads out, broadens, and extends backwards, continuing in a more slanting direction than [encompassed in] the original expanse. In relation to the breadth of the original dimension, it is called the ends, for that dimension ends there. |
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תּֽוֹצְאֹת הַגְּבֻל:
סוֹפֵי הַגְּבוּל; כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תּוֹצְאוֹת הַגְּבוּל, אוֹ הַמֶּצֶר כָּלֶה שָׁם לְגַמְרֵי וְאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר לְהַלָּן כְּלָל, אוֹ מִשָּׁם מִתְפַּשֵּׁט וּמַרְחִיב וְיוֹצֵא לַאֲחוֹרָיו לְהִמָּשֵׁךְ לְהַלָּן בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן יוֹתֵר מִן הָרֹחַב הָרִאשׁוֹן, וּלְעִנְיַן רֹחַב הַמִּדָּה הָרִאשׁוֹן קְרָאוֹ תּוֹצָאוֹת, שֶׁשָּׁם כָּלְתָה אוֹתָהּ מִדָּה:
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| 9The border shall then extend to Ziphron, and its ends shall be Hazar enan; this shall be your northern border. |
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טוְיָצָ֤א הַגְּבֻל֙ זִפְרֹ֔נָה וְהָי֥וּ תֽוֹצְאֹתָ֖יו חֲצַ֣ר עֵינָ֑ן זֶה־יִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם גְּב֥וּל צָפֽוֹן: |
| and its ends shall be Hazar-enan: This is the end of the northern border, and Hazar-enan is situated in the northeastern corner. From there “you shall then turn yourselves” toward the eastern border. |
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וְהָיוּ תֽוֹצְאֹתָיו חֲצַר עֵינָן:
הוּא הָיָה סוֹף הַמֶּצֶר הַצְּפוֹנִי, וְנִמְצֵאת חֲצַר עֵינָן בְּמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מִזְרָחִית, וּמִשָּׁם והתאויתם לכם אֶל מֶצֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי:
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| 10You shall then turn yourselves toward the eastern border, from Hazar enan to Shepham. |
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יוְהִתְאַוִּיתֶ֥ם לָכֶ֖ם לִגְב֣וּל קֵ֑דְמָה מֵֽחֲצַ֥ר עֵינָ֖ן שְׁפָֽמָה: |
| You shall then turn yourselves: Heb. וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם, a term denoting turning or veering, cognate with [the term] תְּתָאוּ. |
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וְהִתְאַוִּיתֶם:
לְשׁוֹן הֲסִבָּה וּנְטִיָּה, כְּמוֹ "תְּתָאוּ":
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| to Shepham: on the eastern boundary, and from there to Riblah. |
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שְׁפָֽמָה:
בַּמֶּצֶר הַמִּזְרָחִי, וּמִשָּׁם הָרִבְלָה:
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| 11The border descends from Shepham toward Riblah, to the east of Ain. Then the border descends and hits the eastern shore of Lake Kinnereth. |
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יאוְיָרַ֨ד הַגְּבֻ֧ל מִשְּׁפָ֛ם הָֽרִבְלָ֖ה מִקֶּ֣דֶם לָעָ֑יִן וְיָרַ֣ד הַגְּבֻ֗ל וּמָחָ֛ה עַל־כֶּ֥תֶף יָֽם־כִּנֶּ֖רֶת קֵֽדְמָה: |
| east of Ain: [Ain is] the name of a place, and the border passes east of it, so that Ain is situated within the border and is part of the Land of Israel. |
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מִקֶּדֶם לָעָיִן:
שֵׁם מָקוֹם, וְהַמֶּצֶר הוֹלֵךְ בְּמִזְרָחוֹ, נִמְצָא הָעַיִן לִפְנִים מִן הַמֶּצֶר וּמֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הוּא:
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| Then the border descends: As the border proceeds from north to south, it descends. |
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וְיָרַד הגבול:
כָּל שֶׁהַגְּבוּל הוֹלֵךְ מִצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם הוּא יוֹרֵד וְהוֹלֵךְ:
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| and hits the... shore: [Heb. כֶּתֶף, lit. shoulder: i.e.,] the side. |
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וּמָחָה עַל־כֶּתֶף:
אל עבר:
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| and hits the eastern shore of Lake Kinnereth: For Lake Kinnereth was within the border to the west, and the border which is east of Lake Kinnereth, descends to the Jordan. The Jordan flows from north to south diagonally, slanting eastward, moving toward the land of Canaan opposite Lake Kinnereth, and extending along the eastern flank of the Land of Israel, opposite Lake Kinnereth, until it falls into the Sea of Salt [the Dead Sea], and from there the border ends with its ends at the Sea of Salt, from which the southeastern border begins. This is how it is encompassed from all its four sides. |
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יָֽם־כִּנֶּרֶת קֵֽדְמָה:
שֶׁיְּהֵא יָם כִּנֶּרֶת תּוֹךְ לַגְּבוּל, בַּמַּעֲרָב, וְהַגְּבוּל בְּמִזְרַח יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, וּמִשָּׁם יָרַד אֶל הַיַּרְדֵּן, וְהַיַּרְדֵּן מוֹשֵׁךְ וּבָא מִן הַצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם בַּאֲלַכְסוֹן, נוֹטֶה לְצַד מִזְרָח מִתְקָרֵב לְצַד אֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן כְּנֶגֶד יָם כִּנֶּרֶת, וּמוֹשֵׁךְ לְצַד מִזְרָחָהּ שֶׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל (כְּנֶגֶד יָם כִּנֶּרֶת) עַד שֶׁנּוֹפֵל בְּיָם הַמֶּלַח, וּמִשָּׁם כָּלֶה הַגְּבוּל בְּתוֹצְאוֹתָיו אֶל יָם הַמֶּלַח, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ הַתְחָלַת מֶצֶר מִקְצוֹעַ דְּרוֹמִית מִזְרָחִית, הֲרֵי סוֹבֶבֶת אוֹתָהּ לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ:
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| 12The border then continues down along the Jordan, and its ends is the Sea of Salt [the Dead Sea]; this shall be your Land according to its borders around. |
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יבוְיָרַ֤ד הַגְּבוּל֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔נָה וְהָי֥וּ תֽוֹצְאֹתָ֖יו יָ֣ם הַמֶּ֑לַח זֹאת֩ תִּֽהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם הָאָ֛רֶץ לִגְבֻֽלֹתֶ֖יהָ סָבִֽיב: |
| 13Moses commanded the children of Israel saying, "This is the Land which you are to apportion for inheritance through lot, that the Lord has commanded to give to the nine and a half tribes. |
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יגוַיְצַ֣ו משֶׁ֔ה אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֣את הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּתְנַֽחֲל֤וּ אֹתָהּ֙ בְּגוֹרָ֔ל אֲשֶׁר֙ צִוָּ֣ה יְהֹוָ֔ה לָתֵ֛ת לְתִשְׁעַ֥ת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת וַֽחֲצִ֥י הַמַּטֶּֽה: |
| 14For the tribe of Reuben's descendants according to their fathers' house, and the tribe of Gad's descendants according to their fathers' house, and half the tribe of Manasseh have already received their inheritance. |
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ידכִּ֣י לָֽקְח֞וּ מַטֵּ֨ה בְנֵ֤י הָרֽאוּבֵנִי֙ לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֔ם וּמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־הַגָּדִ֖י לְבֵ֣ית אֲבֹתָ֑ם וַֽחֲצִי֙ מַטֵּ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה לָֽקְח֖וּ נַֽחֲלָתָֽם: |
| 15The two and a half tribes have received their inheritance on this side of the Jordan, near Jericho in the east, toward the sunrise." |
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טושְׁנֵ֥י הַמַּטּ֖וֹת וַֽחֲצִ֣י הַמַּטֶּ֑ה לָֽקְח֣וּ נַֽחֲלָתָ֗ם מֵעֵ֛בֶר לְיַרְדֵּ֥ן יְרֵח֖וֹ קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָֽחָה: |
| in the east toward the sunrise: Heb. קֵדְמָה, meaning toward the front of the world, which is in the east, for the east side is called the forefront [lit., the face] and the west is called the back. Thus, the south is to the right, and the north is to the left. |
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קֵדְמָה מִזְרָֽחָה:
אֶל פְּנֵי הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֵם בַּמִּזְרָח, שֶׁרוּחַ מִזְרָחִית קְרוּיָה פָנִים וּמַעֲרָבִית קְרוּיָה אָחוֹר, לְפִיכָךְ דָּרוֹם לַיָּמִין וְצָפוֹן לַשְּׂמֹאל:
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