Vayikra (Leviticus) Chapter 27

16If a man consecrates a part of his inherited field to God and someone wishes to redeem it, the value will be determined according to its capacity for sowing: An area that can be sown with a chomer of barley seed will be valued at 50 shekels of silver.   טז וְאִ֣ם | מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֗וֹ יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה עֶרְכְּךָ֖ לְפִ֣י זַרְע֑וֹ זֶ֚רַע חֹ֣מֶר שְׂעֹרִ֔ים בַּֽחֲמִשִּׁ֖ים שֶׁ֥קֶל כָּֽסֶף:
וְהָיָה עֶרְכְּךָ לְפִי זַרְעוֹ - The value will be determined according to its [capacity for] sowing - but not according to its monetary worth. Whether it be a good field or a bad field, the redemption from its consecration is the same amount: each area sown with a kor of barley is redeemed for 50 shekels; thus Scripture has decreed it. This applies if he wishes to redeem it at the beginning of the Jubilee cycle, but if he wishes to redeem it anytime during the cycle, he gives according to the rate of a sela and a pundion (1/48 of a sela) for each year remaining, for it is only holy for the number of years of the Jubilee cycle. Specifically, if it is redeemed by the owner, well and good, and if not, the Temple treasurer can sell it for this price to another, and it remains in the possession of the purchaser until the Jubilee year just like other sold fields, and upon leaving his possession with the arrival of the Jubilee year, it reverts to the priestly division serving during the week when the Jubilee occurs, being divided up among them. This is the rule prescribed for one who consecrates a field to the Temple. And now I will explain it according to the order of the verses:   וְהָיָה עֶרְכְּךָ לְפִי זַרְעוֹ.  לֹא כְּפִי שָׁוְיָהּ, אַחַת שָׂדֶה טוֹבָה וְאַחַת שָׂדֶה רָעָה פִּדְיוֹן הֶקְדֵּשָׁן שָׁוֶה — בֵּית כֹּר שְׂעוֹרִים בַּחֲמִשִּׁים שְׁקָלִים — כָּךְ גְּזֵרַת הַכָּתוּב, וְהוּא שֶׁבָּא לְגָאֳלָהּ בִּתְחִלַּת הַיּוֹבֵל. וְאִם בָּא לְגָאֳלָהּ בְאֶמְצָעוֹ, נוֹתֵן לְפִי הַחֶשְׁבּוֹן סֶלַע וּפֻנְדְּיוֹן לְשָׁנָה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ הֶקְדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא לְמִנְיַן שְׁנוֹת הַיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁאִם נִגְאֲלָה הֲרֵי טוֹב, וְאִם לָאו הַגִּזְבָּר מוֹכְרָהּ בַּדָּמִים הַלָּלוּ לְאַחֵר, וְעוֹמֶדֶת בְּיַד הַלּוֹקֵחַ עַד הַיּוֹבֵל כִּשְׁאָר כָּל הַשָּׂדוֹת הַמְּכוּרוֹת, וּכְשֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה מִיָּדוֹ חוֹזֶרֶת לַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ מִשְׁמָר שֶׁהַיּוֹבֵל פּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ, וּמִתְחַלֶּקֶת בֵּינֵיהֶם, זֶהוּ הַמִּשְׁפָּט הָאָמוּר בְּמַקְדִּישׁ שָׂדֶה, וְעַכְשָׁו אֲפָרְשֶׁנּוּ עַל סֵדֶר הַמִּקְרָאוֹת:
17If he consecrates his field immediately after the Jubilee year, and someone wishes to redeem it, it will retain its redemption value.   יזאִם־מִשְּׁנַ֥ת הַיֹּבֵ֖ל יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֑הוּ כְּעֶרְכְּךָ֖ יָקֽוּם:
אִם־מִשְּׁנַת הַיֹּבֵל יַקְדִּישׁ וגו' - If he consecrates his field (lit.) from the Jubilee year…. i.e., if after the Jubilee year is over, he immediately consecrated it and some person wishes to redeem it immediately, i.e., within the first year:   אִם־מִשְּׁנַת הַיֹּבֵל יַקְדִּישׁ וגו'.  אִם מִשֶּׁעָבְרָה שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל מִיָּד הִקְדִּישָׁהּ, וּבָא זֶה לְגָאֳלָהּ מִיָּד.
כְּעֶרְכְּךָ יָקֽוּם - It will retain [its] value - i.e., its value will be as stated earlier – he must give 50 silver shekels per area sown with a chomer of barley.   כְּעֶרְכְּךָ יָקֽוּם.  כָּעֵרֶךְ הַזֶּה הָאָמוּר יִהְיֶה — חֲמִשִּׁים כֶּסֶף יִתֵּן:
18But if he consecrates his field after the Jubilee year, the priest must calculate the money in accordance with the remaining years until the Jubilee year, and that value will be deducted from the full value.   יחוְאִם־אַחַ֣ר הַיֹּבֵל֘ יַקְדִּ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֒הוּ֒ וְחִשַּׁב־ל֨וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֶת־הַכֶּ֗סֶף עַל־פִּ֤י הַשָּׁנִים֙ הַנּ֣וֹתָרֹ֔ת עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְנִגְרַ֖ע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ:
וְאִם־אַחַר הַיֹּבֵל יַקְדִּישׁ - But if he consecrates…after the Jubilee [year]. The same applies even if he consecrated it following the Jubilee year but it spent time in the hands of the treasurer, and some person came to redeem it only some time after the Jubilee year.   וְאִם־אַחַר הַיֹּבֵל יַקְדִּישׁ.  וְכֵן אִם הִקְדִּישָׁהּ מִשְּׁנַת הַיֹּבֵל וְנִשְׁתַּהָת בְּיַד גִּזְבָּר, וּבָא זֶה לְגָאֳלָהּ אַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל.
וְחִשַּׁב־לוֹ הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף עַל־פִּי הַשָּׁנִים הַנּוֹתָרֹת - The priest must calculate the money in accordance with the remaining years - according to this rate. How is this done? Scripture fixed the price of 49 years at 50 shekels, which is a shekel for each year plus an extra shekel for all of the years together. A shekel is 48 pundions, making a sela and a pundion for each year, but for all the 49 years the payment amounts to one pundion less. Our rabbis said that this extra pundion is a premium due the treasury for exchanging into small coins. Thus someone who comes to redeem his field gives a sela and a pundion for each year according to the number of years remaining until the Jubilee year.   וְחִשַּׁב־לוֹ הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַכֶּסֶף עַל־פִּי הַשָּׁנִים הַנּוֹתָרֹת.  כְּפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן; כֵּיצַד? הֲרֵי קָצַב דָּמֶיהָ שֶׁל אַרְבָּעִים וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנָה חֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁקֶל, הֲרֵי שֶׁקֶל לְכָל שָׁנָה וְשֶׁקֶל יָתֵר עַל כֻּלָּן, וְהַשֶּׁקֶל אַרְבָּעִים וּשְׁמוֹנָה פֻנְדְּיוֹן, הֲרֵי סֶלַע וּפֻנְדְּיוֹן לְשָׁנָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁחָסֵר פֻּנְדְּיוֹן אֶחָד לְכֻלָּן, וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁאוֹתוֹ פֻּנְדְּיוֹן קַלְבּוֹן לִפְרוֹטְרוֹט, וְהַבָּא לִגְאֹל, יִתֵּן סֶלַע וּפֻנְדְּיוֹן לְכָל שָׁנָה לַשָּׁנִים הַנּוֹתָרוֹת עַד שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל (עי' ספרא; ערכין כ"ד):
וְנִגְרַע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ - And it will be deducted from the value - i.e., the number of years between the previous Jubilee and the year of redemption.   וְנִגְרַע מֵֽעֶרְכֶּֽךָ.  מִנְיַן הַשָּׁנִים שֶׁמִּשְּׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל עַד שְׁנַת הַפִּדְיוֹן:
19If the person who consecrated it redeems the field, he must add to it a fifth of the valuation money, and only then will it be his.   יטוְאִם־גָּאֹ֤ל יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה הַמַּקְדִּ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ וְ֠יָסַ֠ף חֲמִשִׁ֧ית כֶּֽסֶף־עֶרְכְּךָ֛ עָלָ֖יו וְקָ֥ם לֽוֹ:
וְאִם־גָּאֹל יִגְאַל - If he…redeems. i.e., the one who consecrated it must add a fifth to this prorated value.   וְאִם־גָּאֹל יִגְאַל.  הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אוֹתוֹ, יוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ עַל הַקִּצְבָּה הַזֹּאת:
20If the person does not redeem the field, or if the treasurer has sold the field to someone else, it may no longer be redeemed.   כוְאִם־לֹ֤א יִגְאַל֙ אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה וְאִם־מָכַ֥ר אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְאִ֣ישׁ אַחֵ֑ר לֹֽא־יִגָּאֵ֖ל עֽוֹד:
וְאִם־לֹא יִגְאַל אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה - If he does not redeem the field - i.e., the one who consecrated it.   וְאִם־לֹא יִגְאַל אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה.  הַמַּקְדִּישׁ:
וְאִם־מָכַר - Or if he has sold - i.e., the Temple treasurer sold.   וְאִם־מָכַר.  הַגִּזְבָּר:
אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה לְאִישׁ אַחֵר לֹא יִגְאַל עֽוֹד - the field to someone else, it may no longer be redeemed. so that it returns to the possession of the one who consecrated it.   אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶה לְאִישׁ אַחֵר לֹא יִגְאַל עֽוֹד.  לָשׁוּב בְּיַד הַמַּקְדִּישׁ:
21Rather, when the field leaves the possession of the treasury or the purchaser in the Jubilee year, it will be holy to God like a segregated field, i.e., the owner’s inherited property will belong to the priest.   כאוְהָיָ֨ה הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה בְּצֵאת֣וֹ בַיֹּבֵ֗ל קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה כִּשְׂדֵ֣ה הַחֵ֑רֶם לַכֹּהֵ֖ן תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה אֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ:
וְהָיָה הַשָּׂדֶה בְּצֵאתוֹ בַיֹּבֵל - Rather, when the field leaves in the Jubilee [year] - the possession of he who purchased it from the treasurer, just as other fields leave the possession of their purchasers in the Jubilee year.   וְהָיָה הַשָּׂדֶה בְּצֵאתוֹ בַיֹּבֵל.  מִיַּד הַלּוֹקְחוֹ מִן הַגִּזְבָּר, כְּדֶרֶךְ שְׁאָר שָׂדוֹת הַיּוֹצְאוֹת מִיַּד לוֹקְחֵיהֶם בַּיּוֹבֵל:
קֹדֶשׁ לה' - Holy to God. This does not mean that it returns to the treasurer as consecrated funds for Temple upkeep, but it is “like a segregated field” that is given to the priests, as it says: “Any segregated entity in Israel will be yours”; 1 Similarly, in the Jubilee year, this field is divided among the priestly division serving during the week in which Yom Kippur of the Jubilee year occurs.   קֹדֶשׁ לה'.  לֹא שֶׁיָּשׁוּב לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת, לְיַד הַגִּזְבָּר, אֶלָּא כשדה החרם הַנָּתוּן לַכֹּהֲנִים — שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כָּל חֵרֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לְךָ יִהְיֶה" (במדבר י"ח) — אַף זוֹ תִּתְחַלֵּק לַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ מִשְׁמָר שֶׁיּוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים שֶׁל יוֹבֵל פּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ (ערכין כ"ח):
22If someone consecrates to God a field that he had purchased, which is not one of his inherited fields, and someone wishes to redeem it,   כבוְאִם֙ אֶת־שְׂדֵ֣ה מִקְנָת֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֕ר לֹ֖א מִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ יַקְדִּ֖ישׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
וְאִם אֶת־שְׂדֵה מִקְנָתוֹ וגו' - If… a field that he had purchased…. There is a difference between a consecrated purchased field and a consecrated inherited field – for a purchased field is not divided among the priests in the Jubilee year, because the buyer only has the ability to consecrate it until the Jubilee year, for in the Jubilee year it would anyway have ultimately left his possession and returned to its original owner. Therefore, if he wishes to redeem it before the Jubilee year, he must do so for the same price fixed for an inherited field, but if he does not redeem it, and the Temple treasurer sells it to someone else, or if it is not redeemed at all – “the field must revert in the Jubilee year to the one from whom he bought it” 2 – i.e., to the one from whom the one who consecrated it bought it. And so that you do not say: “the one from whom he bought it” refers to the one from whom the last buyer bought it, meaning the treasurer, it was therefore necessary to continue: “the one whose inherited land it was” – as an ancestral heritage, meaning the original owner who sold it to the one who consecrated it.   וְאִם אֶת־שְׂדֵה מִקְנָתוֹ וגו'.  חִלּוּק יֵשׁ בֵּין שְׂדֵה מִקְנָה לִשְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה, שֶׁשְּׂדֵה מִקְנָה לֹא תִתְחַלֵּק לַכֹּהֲנִים בַּיּוֹבֵל, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְהַקְדִּישָׁהּ אֶלָּא עַד הַיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁהֲרֵי בַיּוֹבֵל הָיְתָה עֲתִידָה לָצֵאת מִיָּדוֹ וְלָשׁוּב לַבְּעָלִים, לְפִיכָךְ אִם בָּא לְגָאֳלָהּ, יִגְאַל בַּדָּמִים הַלָּלוּ הַקְּצוּבִים לִשְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה; וְאִם לֹא יִגְאַל, וְיִמְכְּרֶנָּה גִּזְבָּר לְאַחֵר, אוֹ אִם יִגְאַל הוּא בשנת היובל ישוב השדה לאשר קנהו מאתו — אוֹתוֹ שֶׁהִקְדִּישׁ, וּפֶן תֹּאמַר "לַאֲשֶׁר קָנָהוּ" הַלּוֹקֵחַ הַזֶּה הָאַחֲרוֹן מֵאִתּוֹ, וְזֶהוּ הַגִּזְבָּר, לְכָךְ הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר לאשר לו אחזת הארץ — מִירֻשַּׁת אָבוֹת, וְזֶהוּ בְּעָלִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שֶׁמְּכָרוּהָ לַמַּקְדִּישׁ (ערכין כ"ו):
23the priest must calculate for him the amount of the field’s value remaining until the Jubilee year. The redeemer must give the priest the value as calculated on that day. The money will be holy to God.   כגוְחִשַּׁב־ל֣וֹ הַכֹּהֵ֗ן אֵ֚ת מִכְסַ֣ת הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ֔ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיֹּבֵ֑ל וְנָתַ֤ן אֶת־הָֽעֶרְכְּךָ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
24The field must revert in the Jubilee year to the one from whom the person who consecrated it bought it, namely, the one whose inherited land it was originally.   כדבִּשְׁנַ֤ת הַיּוֹבֵל֙ יָשׁ֣וּב הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה לַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָנָ֖הוּ מֵֽאִתּ֑וֹ לַֽאֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אֲחֻזַּ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ:
25Every valuation in these laws must be made according to the sacred shekel, whereby one shekel is the equivalent of twenty gerahs.   כהוְכָ֨ל־עֶרְכְּךָ֔ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה בְּשֶׁ֣קֶל הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶ֥ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל:
וְכָל־עֶרְכְּךָ יִֽהְיֶה בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ - Every valuation must be made according to the sacred shekel - i.e., any value regarding which shekels are written must be in the sacred shekel.   וְכָל־עֶרְכְּךָ יִֽהְיֶה בְּשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ.  כָּל עֶרְכְּךָ שֶׁכָּתוּב בּוֹ שְׁקָלִים, יִהְיֶה בְשֶׁקֶל הַקֹּדֶשׁ:
עֶשְׂרִים גֵּרָה - Twenty gerahs - which are 20 ma’ahs. This was the original measure, but later they added to it a sixth. Our rabbis 3 said: six silver ma’ahs make a dinar, and thus there are 24 ma’ahs to a sela.   עֶשְׂרִים גֵּרָה.  עֶשְׂרִים מָעוֹת, כָּךְ הָיוּ מִתְּחִלָּה, וּלְאַחַר מִכָּאן הוֹסִיפוּ שְׁתוּת, וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ שֵׁשׁ מָעָה כֶּסֶף דִּינָר, עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע מָעוֹת לְסֶלַע (עי' בכורות נ'):
26Although in general, when you consecrate an animal, you may designate it to be any type of sacrifice you wish, no man may consecrate a firstborn animal as any other type of sacrifice, since it must by law be sacrificed to God only as a firstborn. Thus, whether it be a work-bull, a sheep, or a goat, it belongs to God from birth and, as such, is not yours to consecrate.   כואַךְ־בְּכ֞וֹר אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְבֻכַּ֤ר לַֽיהֹוָה֙ בִּבְהֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא־יַקְדִּ֥ישׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֹת֑וֹ אִם־שׁ֣וֹר אִם־שֶׂ֔ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה הֽוּא:
לֹֽא־יַקְדִּישׁ אִישׁ אֹתוֹ - No man may consecrate it - for the sake of a different offering, for it is not his to do so.   לֹֽא־יַקְדִּישׁ אִישׁ אֹתוֹ.  לְשֵׁם קָרְבָּן אַחֵר, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ (עי' ערכין כ"ט):
27If someone consecrates a spiritually defiled animal, he may redeem it by paying its value, but he must add its fifth to it. If it is not redeemed, it must be sold according to its value.   כזוְאִ֨ם בַּבְּהֵמָ֤ה הַטְּמֵאָה֙ וּפָדָ֣ה בְעֶרְכֶּ֔ךָ וְיָסַ֥ף חֲמִֽשִׁת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וְאִם־לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵ֖ל וְנִמְכַּ֥ר בְּעֶרְכֶּֽךָ:
וְאִם בַּבְּהֵמָה הַטְּמֵאָה וגו' - (lit.) If among defiled animals… This verse cannot be referring to the firstborn, for one cannot say regarding the firstborn of an animal of species forbidden to eat: “he may redeem it by paying its value.” It cannot refer to a firstborn donkey, for a firstborn donkey is redeemed only with a lamb, which is a gift to the priest and does not go to the Sanctuary. Rather, the verse is referring to dedicating something to the Sanctuary, for the verse above, 4 using similar terminology, spoke of redeeming an animal from a permitted species that became blemished, whereas here it speaks of one who consecrates an animal from a forbidden species, to be used for the Temple upkeep.   וְאִם בַּבְּהֵמָה הַטְּמֵאָה וגו'.  אֵין הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה מוּסָב עַל הַבְּכוֹר, שֶׁאֵין לוֹמַר בִּבְכוֹר בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה וּפָדָה בְּעֶרְכְּךָ, וַחֲמוֹר אֵין זֶה, שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵין פִּדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר אֶלָּא טָלֶה, וְהוּא מַתָּנָה לַכֹּהֵן, וְאֵינוֹ לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, אֶלָּא הַכָּתוּב מוּסָב עַל הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, שֶׁהַכָּתוּב שֶׁל מַעְלָה דִּבֵּר בְּפִדְיוֹן בְּהֵמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁהֻמְּמָה, וְכָאן דִּבֵּר בְּמַקְדִּישׁ בְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת:
וּפָדָה בְעֶרְכֶּךָ - He may redeem it by [paying its] value - i.e., according to how the priest will evaluate it.   וּפָדָה בְעֶרְכֶּךָ.  כְּפִי מַה שֶּׁיַּעֲרִיכֶנָּה הַכֹּהֵן:
וְאִם לֹא יִגָּאֵל - If it is not redeemed - by the owner.   וְאִם לֹא יִגָּאֵל.  עַל יְדֵי בְעָלִים:
וְנִמְכַּר בְעֶרְכֶּךָ - It must be sold according to [its] value - to others.   וְנִמְכַּר בְעֶרְכֶּךָ.  לַאֲחֵרִים:
28However, anything that a person segregates for God from any of his property—whether it be the person of his non-Jewish bondservant, an animal, or part of his inherited field—may neither be sold nor redeemed. Any segregation of superior holiness must be given to God.   כחאַ֣ךְ כָּל־חֵ֡רֶם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַֽחֲרִם֩ אִ֨ישׁ לַֽיהֹוָ֜ה מִכָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֗וֹ מֵֽאָדָ֤ם וּבְהֵמָה֙ וּמִשְּׂדֵ֣ה אֲחֻזָּת֔וֹ לֹ֥א יִמָּכֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יִגָּאֵ֑ל כָּל־חֵ֕רֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
אַךְ כָּל־חֵרֶם וגו' - (lit.) However, anything segregated… Our rabbis 5 differed in this matter: Some say that a segregated entity whose purpose is not specified is to be given to the Sanctuary for its upkeep. How, then, do I explain: “Any segregated entity in Israel will be yours”? 6 It refers to an entity specifically segregated for the priests, where one said: “This is segregated for a priest.” But others say that any unspecified segregated entity is given to the priests.   אַךְ כָּל־חֵרֶם וגו'.  נֶחְלְקוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בַּדָּבָר, יֵשׁ אוֹמָרִים סְתָם חֲרָמִים לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ, וּמָה אֲנִי מְקַיֵּם כָּל חֵרֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל לְךָ יִהְיֶה? בְּחֶרְמֵי כֹהֲנִים, שֶׁפֵּרֵשׁ וְאָמַר הֲרֵי זֶה חֵרֶם לַכֹּהֵן; וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, סְתָם חֲרָמִים לַכֹּהֵן (עי' ספרא; ערכין כ"ח):
לֹא יִמָּכֵר וְלֹא יִגָּאֵל - It may neither be sold nor redeemed - but must be given to a priest. According to the opinion that an unspecified segregated entity is given to the priests, this verse is explained as referring to an unspecified segregated entity. And the opinion that an unspecified segregated entity is given to the Temple for its upkeep explains this verse as referring to when one segregated something specifically for the priests, for everyone agrees that entities segregated for the priests cannot be redeemed until entering the possession of the priest, but entities segregated for the Temple are redeemable.   לֹא יִמָּכֵר וְלֹא יִגָּאֵל.  אֶלָּא יִנָּתֵן לַכֹּהֵן: לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר סְתָם חֲרָמִים לַכֹּהֲנִים, מְפֹרָשׁ מִקְרָא זֶה בִּסְתָם חֲרָמִים, וְהָאוֹמֵר סְתָם חֲרָמִים לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת, מְפָרֵשׁ מִקְרָא זֶה בְּחֶרְמֵי כֹהֲנִים — שֶׁהַכֹּל מוֹדִים שֶׁחֶרְמֵי כֹהֲנִים אֵין לָהֶם פִּדְיוֹן עַד שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ לְיַד כֹּהֵן וְחֶרְמֵי גָּבוֹהַּ נִפְדִּים:
כָּל־חֵרֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁים הוּא - (lit.) Any segregation is of superior holiness. The opinion that an unspecified segregated entity is given to the Temple for its upkeep brings a proof from here. But the opinion that an unspecified segregated entity is given to the priests explains: כָּל חֵרֶם קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים הוּא לַה׳ as teaching us that segregating an animal for priests takes effect both on sacrifices of superior holiness and on sacrifices of lesser holiness, and accordingly, in addition to offering the animal as a sacrifice, one gives the priest according to what we have learned in Tractate Arachin: 7 if one segregated a sacrificial vow, he gives the priest its value, and if one segregated a sacrificial dedication, he gives the priest the value of the gratification it usually brings one on whose behalf it is brought.   כָּל־חֵרֶם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קָֽדָשִׁים הוּא.  הָאוֹמֵר סְתָם חֲרָמִים לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת, מֵבִיא רְאָיָה מִכָּאן, וְהָאוֹמֵר סְתָם חֲרָמִים לַכֹּהֲנִים, מְפָרֵשׁ "כָּל חֵרֶם קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים הוּא" לְלַמֵּד שֶׁחֶרְמֵי כֹהֲנִים חָלִים עַל קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים וְעַל קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, וְנוֹתֵן לַכֹּהֵן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ בְמַסֶּכֶת עֲרָכִין (דף כ"ח), אִם נֵדֶר, נוֹתֵן דְּמֵיהֶן, וְאִם נְדָבָה, נוֹתֵן אֶת טוֹבָתָהּ:
מֵֽאָדָם - (lit.) Of a person - specifically, he segregated his Canaanite bondmen or bondwomen.   מֵֽאָדָם.  כְּגוֹן שֶׁהֶחֱרִים עֲבָדָיו וְשִׁפְחוֹתָיו הַכְּנַעֲנִים:
29Any segregation of the value of a person liable to the death penalty who has been segregated cannot be redeemed, since the person is to be put to death.   כטכָּל־חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָֽחֳרַ֛ם מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת:
כָּל־חֵרֶם אֲשֶׁר יָֽחֳרַם וגו' - (lit.) Any segregation of…who has been segregated…. This refers to one on his way to be executed by the court, and someone said about him: “I take upon myself to give his endowment value.” His declaration has no legal import.   כָּל־חֵרֶם אֲשֶׁר יָֽחֳרַם וגו'.  הַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג וְאָמַר אֶחָד עֶרְכּוֹ עָלַי, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם (ספרא; ערכין ו'):
מוֹת יוּמָֽת - He is to be put to death - i.e., since he is going to die, he cannot be redeemed; he has neither monetary value nor endowment value.   מוֹת יוּמָֽת.  הֲרֵי הוֹלֵךְ לָמוּת, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא יִפָּדֶה — אֵין לוֹ לֹא דָמִים וְלֹא עֵרֶךְ:
30All produce that you set aside as the second tithe of the land—whether it be from the seed of the land or the fruit of the tree—belongs to God. It is holy to God.   לוְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֨ר הָאָ֜רֶץ מִזֶּ֤רַע הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ מִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה ה֑וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
וְכָל־מַעְשַׂר הָאָרֶץ - All tithe of the land. The verse is speaking about the second tithe.   וְכָל־מַעְשַׂר הָאָרֶץ.  בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר:
מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ - From the seed of the land - i.e., grain.   מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ.  דָּגָן:
מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ - (lit.) From the fruit of the tree - i.e., wine and olive oil.   מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ.  תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר:
לה' הוּא - Belongs to God - i.e., God has acquired it, and “from His table,” He commanded you to bring it up and eat it in Jerusalem, as it says: “You must eat the tithe of your grain, wine, and oil before God, your God….” 8   לה' הוּא.  קְנָאוֹ הַשֵּׁם. וּמִשֻּׁלְחָנוֹ צִוָּה לְךָ לַעֲלוֹת וְלֶאֱכֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י"ד), וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ, מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְגוֹ' (עי' קידושין נ"ד):
31If someone redeems some of his own second tithe, he must add its fifth of its value to it.   לאוְאִם־גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ חֲמִֽשִׁית֖וֹ יֹסֵ֥ף עָלָֽיו:
מִמַּֽעַשְׂרוֹ - His tithe - but not the tithe of his fellow, i.e., if he redeems the tithe of his fellow he does not add a fifth. What does his redemption entail? It serves to permit it to be eaten anywhere, and the redemption money he takes up to purchase food and eat in Jerusalem, as it says: “You may assign it to money….” 9   מִמַּֽעַשְׂרוֹ.  וְלֹא מִמַּעְשַׂר חֲבֵרוֹ — הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ אֵין מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ, וּמַה הִיא גְאֻלָּתוֹ? יִפְדֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לְהַתִּירוֹ בַאֲכִילָה בְכָל מָקוֹם, וְהַמָּעוֹת יַעֲלֶה וְיֹאכַל בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י"ד), וְנָתַתָּה בַּכָּסֶף וְגוֹ' (עי' קידושין כ"ד):
32All tithes of cattle or flock—all that pass under the rod—every such tenth animal will be holy to God.   לבוְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֤ר בָּקָר֙ וָצֹ֔אן כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יַֽעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
תַּחַת הַשָּׁבֶט - Under the rod - i.e., when he comes to tithe them, he has them exit the opening of their pen one by one, and every tenth one he strikes with a rod painted red, so as to mark it as being the tithe. He does this to the lambs and calves born during each year.   תַּחַת הַשָּׁבֶט.  כְּשֶׁבָּא לְעַשְּׂרָן, מוֹצִיאָן בַּפֶּתַח זֶה אַחַר זֶה, וְהָעֲשִֹירִי מַכֶּה בְּשֵׁבֶט צְבוּעָה בְסִקְרָא, לִהְיוֹת נִכָּר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֵׂר, כֵּן עוֹשֶׂה לִטְלָאִים וְלַעֲגָלִים שֶׁל כָּל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה (בכו' נ"ח):
יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּדֶשׁ - Will be holy - i.e., to have its blood and designated parts offered on the Altar. Its flesh, however, is eaten by its owner, for it is not enumerated among the other priestly entitlements, nor do we find stated anywhere else that it be given to the priests.   יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּדֶשׁ.  לִקְרַב לַמִּזְבֵּחַ דָּמוֹ וְאֵמוּרָיו, וְהַבָּשָׂר נֶאֱכָל לַבְּעָלִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נִמְנָה עִם שְׁאָר מַתְּנוֹת כְּהֻנָה, וְלֹא מָצִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא נָתוּן בְּשָׂרוֹ לַכֹּהֲנִים:
33The owner must not select a choice one to be the tithe, distinguishing between a good one or a bad one. The owner may not substitute another animal for it. If he does substitute another animal for it, both it and its replacement will be holy. It may not be redeemed.’”   לגלֹ֧א יְבַקֵּ֛ר בֵּֽין־ט֥וֹב לָרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א יְמִירֶ֑נּוּ וְאִם־הָמֵ֣ר יְמִירֶ֔נּוּ וְהָֽיָה־ה֧וּא וּתְמֽוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל:
לֹא יְבַקֵּר וגו' - [The owner] must not select… Since it says: “and all the choice objects of your sacrificial vows,” 10 I might think that he may select and pick out the best for the tithe; Scripture therefore states: “He must not select.” Between a good one or a bad one these additional words teach us that the sanctity of the tithe is effective whether the animal is unblemished or blemished; not that a blemished animal can be brought as a sacrifice, but that it must be treated as holy by being eaten with intent to fulfill the law of a tithe, and it may not be sheared or used for work before it is slaughtered. End of Parashat Bechukotai   לֹא יְבַקֵּר וגו'.  לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכֹל מִבְחַר נִדְרֵיכֶם" (דברים י"ב), יָכוֹל יְהֵא בוֹרֵר וּמוֹצִיא אֶת הַיָּפֶה, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "לֹא יְבַקֵּר בֵּין טוֹב לָרַע" — בֵּין תָּם בֵּין בַּעַל מוּם חָלָה עָלָיו קְדֻשָּׁה — וְלֹא שֶׁיִּקְרַב בַּעַל מוּם, אֶלָּא יֵאָכֵל בְּתוֹרַת מַעֲשֵׂר וְאָסוּר לִגָּזֵז וְלֵעָבֵד (עי' בכורות י"ד):
34These are the commandments that God commanded Moses to tell the Israelites at the foot of Mount Sinai.   לדאֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְו‍ֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֖ר סִינָֽי: