| 25He must burn up the fat of the sin-offering upon the Altar. |
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כה וְאֵ֛ת חֵ֥לֶב הַֽחַטָּ֖את יַקְטִ֥יר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה: |
| וְאֵת חֵלֶב הַֽחַטָּאת - The fat of the sin-offering - i.e., the designated portions of both the bull and the goat. |
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וְאֵת חֵלֶב הַֽחַטָּאת.
אֵמוּרֵי פַּר וְשָׂעִיר:
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| יַקְטִיר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה - He must burn up…on the Altar. i.e., on the Outer Altar, for regarding the Inner Altar it is written: “You must not burn on it any other incense, nor any ascent-offering or grain-offering.” |
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יַקְטִיר הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה.
עַל מִזְבֵּחַ הַחִיצוֹן, דְּאִלּוּ בַּפְּנִימִי כְתִיב לֹא תַעֲלוּ עָלָיו קְטֹרֶת זָרָה וְעֹלָה וּמִנְחָה (שמות ל'):
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| 26The person who sends the he-goat off to Azazel must immerse his garments and immerse his flesh in the water of a mikveh. After doing so, he may enter the camp. |
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כווְהַֽמְשַׁלֵּ֤חַ אֶת־הַשָּׂעִיר֙ לַֽעֲזָאזֵ֔ל יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְרָחַ֥ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| 27Someone must take the sin-offering bull and sin-offering he-goat—whose blood was brought into the Sanctuary in order to effect atonement in the Holy of Holies—outside the camp. They must burn their hides, flesh, and waste matter in fire. |
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כזוְאֵת֩ פַּ֨ר הַֽחַטָּ֜את וְאֵ֣ת | שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽחַטָּ֗את אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוּבָ֤א אֶת־דָּמָם֙ לְכַפֵּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֔דֶשׁ יוֹצִ֖יא אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶ֑ה וְשָֽׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֔שׁ אֶת־עֹֽרֹתָ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּשָׂרָ֖ם וְאֶת־פִּרְשָֽׁם: |
| אֲשֶׁר הוּבָא אֶת־דָּמָם - Whose blood was brought - into the Sanctuary and into the innermost chamber. |
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אֲשֶׁר הוּבָא אֶת־דָּמָם.
לַהֵיכָל וְלִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים:
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| 28The person who burns them must immerse his garments and immerse his flesh in the water of a mikveh. After doing so, he may enter the camp. |
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כחוְהַשּׂרֵ֣ף אֹתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְרָחַ֥ץ אֶת־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ בַּמָּ֑יִם וְאַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן יָב֥וֹא אֶל־הַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| 29The following will be an eternal rule for you: In the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you must afflict yourselves and not do any work—neither the native Israelite nor the convert who lives among you— |
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כטוְהָֽיְתָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַ֠שְּׁבִיעִ֠י בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר לַחֹ֜דֶשׁ תְּעַנּ֣וּ אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֗ם וְכָל־מְלָאכָה֙ לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֔וּ הָ֣אֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתֽוֹכְכֶֽם: |
| 30for on this day, God will effect atonement for you, in order to purify you. You will be purified before God of all your sins. |
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לכִּֽי־בַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֛ה יְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם לְטַהֵ֣ר אֶתְכֶ֑ם מִכֹּל֙ חַטֹּ֣אתֵיכֶ֔ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֹ֖ה תִּטְהָֽרוּ: |
| 31It is a Sabbath of rest for you, and you must afflict yourselves on it as an eternal rule. |
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לאשַׁבַּ֨ת שַׁבָּת֥וֹן הִיא֙ לָכֶ֔ם וְעִנִּיתֶ֖ם אֶת־נַפְשֹֽׁתֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֖ת עוֹלָֽם: |
| 32Only the high priest—whether he is anointed or he is invested to serve in his father’s stead—may effect atonement. Only he must don the linen garments, i.e., the holy garments. |
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לבוְכִפֶּ֨ר הַכֹּהֵ֜ן אֲשֶׁר־יִמְשַׁ֣ח אֹת֗וֹ וַֽאֲשֶׁ֤ר יְמַלֵּא֙ אֶת־יָד֔וֹ לְכַהֵ֖ן תַּ֣חַת אָבִ֑יו וְלָבַ֛שׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַבָּ֖ד בִּגְדֵ֥י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ: |
| וְכִפֶּר הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר־יִמְשַׁח וגו' - (lit.) The priest who will be anointed will effect atonement… This atonement service of Yom Kippur is valid only if performed by the high priest. Since the entire passage speaks of Aaron performing the service, it was necessary to state that the high priest who succeeds him will also be fit to do so like him. |
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וְכִפֶּר הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר־יִמְשַׁח וגו'.
כַּפָּרָה זוֹ שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אֵינָהּ כְּשֵׁרָה אֶלָּא בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל (יומא ע"ג); לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֶמְרָה כָל הַפָּרָשָׁה בְּאַהֲרֹן, הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל הַבָּא אַחֲרָיו שֶׁיְּהֵא כָמוֹהוּ:
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| וַֽאֲשֶׁר יְמַלֵּא אֶת־יָדוֹ - (lit.) Or who will be invested. Had it just said: יִמְשַׁח “anointed,” I would have thought that only the high priest who was anointed with the anointing oil may perform the atonement service. From where do I know that even one distinguished only by wearing the garments unique to the high priest may also do so? Scripture states: “or who will be invested….” This refers to all high priests that held office from the time of King Yoshiyah onward, for in his time the flask of anointing oil was hidden away. |
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וַֽאֲשֶׁר יְמַלֵּא אֶת־יָדוֹ.
אֵין לִי אֶלָּא הַמָּשׁוּחַ בְּשֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה, מְרֻבֵּה בְגָדִים מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר וַאֲשֶׁר יְמַלֵּא אֶת יָדוֹ וְגוֹמֵר; וְהֵם כָּל הַכֹּהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁעָמְדוּ מִיֹּאשִׁיָּהוּ וָאֵילָךְ, שֶׁבְּיָמָיו נִגְנְזָה צְלוֹחִית שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה (הוריות י"ב):
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| לְכַהֵן תַּחַת אָבִיו - To serve in his father’s stead. This teaches us that if his son is qualified to fill his place, he takes precedence over anyone else. |
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לְכַהֵן תַּחַת אָבִיו.
לְלַמֵּד שֶׁאִם בְּנוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת מְקוֹמוֹ, הוּא קוֹדֵם לְכָל אָדָם (ספרא):
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| 33He will effect atonement for the Holy of Holies, and he will effect atonement for the Tent of Meeting and for the Altar, and he will effect atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly. |
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לגוְכִפֶּר֙ אֶת־מִקְדַּ֣שׁ הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד וְאֶת־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ יְכַפֵּ֑ר וְעַ֧ל הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֛ים וְעַל־כָּל־עַ֥ם הַקָּהָ֖ל יְכַפֵּֽר: |
| 34All this will be an eternal rule for you, in order to effect atonement upon the Israelites for all their sins, once each year.” Aaron performed these rites as God had commanded Moses. |
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לדוְהָֽיְתָה־זֹּ֨את לָכֶ֜ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֗ם לְכַפֵּ֞ר עַל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִכָּל־חַטֹּאתָ֔ם אַחַ֖ת בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֹ֖ה אֶת־משֶֽׁה: |
| וַיַּעַשׂ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה וגו' - [Aaron] performed [these rites] as God had commanded…. i.e., when Yom Kippur arrived, Aaron performed the rites in this order specified earlier, although the order in God’s communication was different. Nevertheless, the wording “as God had commanded” is used to tell the praise of Aaron, that he did not don these linen garments for his own aggrandizement, but as one who is fulfilling the King’s decree. |
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וַיַּעַשׂ כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה וגו'.
כְּשֶׁהִגִּיעַ יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים עָשָֹה כַּסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה; וּלְהַגִּיד שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה לוֹבְשָׁן לִגְדֻלָּתוֹ אֶלָּא כִּמְקַיֵּם גְּזֵרַת הַמֶּלֶךְ (שם):
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| 1God spoke to Moses, saying: |
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אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָֹ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 2“Speak to Aaron and to his sons, and to all the Israelites, and say to them: ‘This is what God has commanded, saying: |
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בדַּבֵּ֨ר אֶל־אַֽהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵיהֶ֑ם זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָֹ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר: |
| 3Any man of the House of Israel who slaughters a work-bull, lamb, or goat inside the camp, or who slaughters it outside the camp |
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גאִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ֙ מִבֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁחַ֜ט שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־כֶ֛שֶׂב אוֹ־עֵ֖ז בַּמַּֽחֲנֶ֑ה א֚וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁחָ֔ט מִח֖וּץ לַמַּֽחֲנֶֽה: |
| אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחַט שׁוֹר אוֹ־כֶשֶׂב - Who slaughters a work-bull or a lamb. Scripture is speaking about consecrated animals, as it says: “to offer it up as a sacrifice.” |
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אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁחַט שׁוֹר אוֹ־כֶשֶׂב.
בַּמֻּקְדָּשִׁין הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "לְהַקְרִיב קָרְבָּן" (זבחים ק"ז):
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| בַּמַּֽחֲנֶה - Inside the camp - i.e., outside the Courtyard. |
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בַּמַּֽחֲנֶה.
חוּץ לָעֲזָרָה:
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| 4instead of bringing it to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting to offer it up as a sacrifice to God by slaughtering it in front of the Tabernacle of God—this act will be accounted for that man as if he had shed a person’s blood ; he has shed blood. That man will be cut off from among his people. |
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דוְאֶל־פֶּ֜תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵד֘ לֹ֣א הֱבִיאוֹ֒ לְהַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּן֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י מִשְׁכַּ֣ן יְהוָֹ֑ה דָּ֣ם יֵֽחָשֵׁ֞ב לָאִ֤ישׁ הַהוּא֙ דָּ֣ם שָׁפָ֔ךְ וְנִכְרַ֛ת הָאִ֥ישׁ הַה֖וּא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמּֽוֹ: |
| דָּם יֵֽחָשֵׁב - (lit.) It will be considered as blood - i.e., like one who sheds human blood, that he is liable for the death penalty. |
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דָּם יֵֽחָשֵׁב.
כְּשׁוֹפֵךְ דַּם הָאָדָם שֶׁמִּתְחַיֵּב בְּנַפְשׁוֹ:
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| דָּם שָׁפָךְ - He has shed blood. These words are added to include one who dashes blood outside the Courtyard. |
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דָּם שָׁפָךְ.
לְרַבּוֹת אֶת הַזּוֹרֵק דָּמִים בַּחוּץ (שם):
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| 5The intent of this prohibition is that the Israelites bring God their peace-promoting feast-offerings, which they slaughter in the open field, and they bring them to God, to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, to the priest, and slaughter them there as peace-promoting feast-offerings to God. |
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הלְמַ֩עַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵ֣ם זֹֽבְחִים֘ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶה֒ וֶֽהֱבִיאֻ֣ם לַֽיהֹוָ֗ה אֶל־פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְזָ֨בְח֜וּ זִבְחֵ֧י שְׁלָמִ֛ים לַֽיהוָֹ֖ה אוֹתָֽם: |
| אֲשֶׁר הֵם זֹֽבְחִים - Which they slaughter - i.e., which they are accustomed to slaughter. |
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אֲשֶׁר הֵם זֹֽבְחִים.
אֲשֶׁר הֵם רְגִילִים לִזְבֹּחַ:
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| 6The priest must dash the blood upon the Altar of God at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting, and he must burn up the fat with the intention that it be pleasing to God. |
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ווְזָרַ֨ק הַכֹּהֵ֤ן אֶת־הַדָּם֙ עַל־מִזְבַּ֣ח יְהֹוָ֔ה פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד וְהִקְטִ֣יר הַחֵ֔לֶב לְרֵ֥יחַ נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֹֽה: |
| 7The Israelites will no longer slaughter their sacrifices to the demons after which they stray. This will be an eternal rule for them, for all their generations.’ |
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זוְלֹֽא־יִזְבְּח֥וּ עוֹד֙ אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶ֔ם לַשְּׂעִירִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר הֵ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם תִּֽהְיֶה־זֹּ֥את לָהֶ֖ם לְדֹֽרֹתָֽם: |
| לַשְּׂעִירִם - means: to the demons, as in: “and demons (וּשְׂעִירִים) will dance there.” |
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לַשְּׂעִירִם.
לַשֵּׁדִים, כְּמוֹ וּשְֹעִירִים יְרַקְּדוּ שָׁם (ישעיהו י"ג):
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