| 1Moses, together with the elders of Israel, commanded the people, saying, “You must unceasingly safeguard all the commandments that I am commanding you this day by studying how to perform them. |
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אוַיְצַ֤ו משֶׁה֙ וְזִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹר֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָֽנֹכִ֛י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם הַיּֽוֹם: |
| שָׁמֹר אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָה - Unceasingly safeguard all the commandments. The term שָמֹר is a continuous present tense form; “gardant” in Old French (“be keeping”). |
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שָׁמֹר אֶת־כָּל־הַמִּצְוָה.
לְשׁוֹן הוֹוֶה, גרדנ"ט בְּלַעַז:
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| 2On the day that you cross the Jordan River into the land that God, your God, is giving you, you must set up for yourself boulders. You must plaster them with lime |
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בוְהָיָ֗ה בַּיּוֹם֘ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּֽעַבְר֣וּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ וַֽהֲקֵמֹתָ֤ לְךָ֙ אֲבָנִ֣ים גְּדֹל֔וֹת וְשַׂדְתָּ֥ אֹתָ֖ם בַּשִּֽׂיד: |
| וַֽהֲקֵמֹתָ לָךְ - You must set up - in the Jordan River. Afterwards, you must take out other ones from there and with them build an altar on Mount Eival. It follows that there were three instances of boulder-construction: 12 were set up in the Jordan River, the same number at Gilgal – both serving as a memorial to the crossing – and the same number on Mount Eival (these being the same boulders that would later be taken to Gilgal), as stated in Tractate Sotah. |
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וַֽהֲקֵמֹתָ לְךָ.
בַּיַּרְדֵּן, וְאֲחַר כַּךְ תּוֹצִיא מִשָּׁם אֲחֵרוֹת וְתִבְנֶה מֵהֶן מִזְבֵּחַ בְּהַר עֵיבָל; נִמְצֵאת אַתָּה אוֹמֵר שְׁלוֹשָׁה מִינֵי אֲבָנִים הָיוּ — שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה בַּיַּרְדֵּן וּכְנֶגְדָן בַּגִּלְגָּל וּכְנֶגְדָּן בְּהַר עֵיבָל, כִּדְאִיתָא בְמַסֶּכֶת סוֹטָה (דף ל"ה):
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| 3and write upon them all the words of this Torah when you cross, in order that you enter the land that God, your God, is giving you—a land flowing with milk and date- and fig-honey—as God, God of your forefathers, has spoken to you. |
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גוְכָֽתַבְתָּ֣ עֲלֵיהֶ֗ן אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בְּעָבְרֶ֑ךָ לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ תָּבֹ֨א אֶל־הָאָ֜רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ | נֹתֵ֣ן לְךָ֗ אֶ֣רֶץ זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֛ר יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ לָֽךְ: |
| 4After you have crossed the Jordan River, you must set up these boulders, regarding which I command you this day, on Mount Eival. You must plaster them with lime. |
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דוְהָיָה֘ בְּעָבְרְכֶ֣ם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תָּקִ֜ימוּ אֶת־הָֽאֲבָנִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָֽנֹכִ֜י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם בְּהַ֣ר עֵיבָ֑ל וְשַׂדְתָּ֥ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּשִּֽׂיד: |
| 5You will build there an altar to God, your God—an altar constructed out of these boulders. You must not wield any iron tool upon them to cut them to size; |
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הוּבָנִ֤יתָ שָּׁם֙ מִזְבֵּ֔חַ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ מִזְבַּ֣ח אֲבָנִ֔ים לֹֽא־תָנִ֥יף עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם בַּרְזֶֽל: |
| 6you must build the altar of God, your God, out of whole boulders. You must offer up ascent-offerings on it to God, your God. |
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ואֲבָנִ֤ים שְׁלֵמוֹת֙ תִּבְנֶ֔ה אֶת־מִזְבַּ֖ח יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְהַֽעֲלִ֤יתָ עָלָיו֙ עוֹלֹ֔ת לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ: |
| 7You must slaughter animals as peace-offerings, and you must eat your portions of them there. You must rejoice before God, your God. |
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זוְזָֽבַחְתָּ֥ שְׁלָמִ֖ים וְאָכַ֣לְתָּ שָּׁ֑ם וְשָׂ֣מַחְתָּ֔ לִפְנֵ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ: |
| 8You must write upon the boulders all the words of this Torah, translated very clearly.” |
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חוְכָתַבְתָּ֣ עַל־הָֽאֲבָנִ֗ים אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֛י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בַּאֵ֥ר הֵיטֵֽב: |
| בַּאֵר הֵיטֵֽב - Translated very clearly - i.e., in 70 languages. |
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בַּאֵר הֵיטֵֽב.
בְּשִׁבְעִים לָשׁוֹן (שם ל"ב):
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| 9Moses and the Levitic priests spoke to all Israel, saying, “Pay attention and listen, people of Israel! Today you have become a people bound to God, your God. |
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טוַיְדַבֵּ֤ר משֶׁה֙ וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִ֣ים הַֽלְוִיִּ֔ם אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַסְכֵּ֤ת | וּשְׁמַע֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ נִֽהְיֵ֣יתָ לְעָ֔ם לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ: |
| הַסְכֵּת - Pay attention. Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: אַצֵּית. |
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הַסְכֵּת.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ:
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| הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה נִֽהְיֵיתָ לְעָם - Today you have become a people. Every day you must regard it as if that very day you entered into the covenant with Him. |
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הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה נִֽהְיֵיתָ לְעָם.
בְּכָל יוֹם יִהְיוּ בְעֵינֶיךָ כְּאִלּוּ הַיּוֹם בָּאתָ עִמּוֹ בַּבְּרִית (ברכות ס"ג):
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| 10You must therefore obey God, your God, and fulfill His commandments and His rules concerning which I command you today.” |
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יוְשָׁ֣מַעְתָּ֔ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְעָשִׂ֤יתָ אֶת־מִצְוֹתָו֙ וְאֶת־חֻקָּ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֛ר אָֽנֹכִ֥י מְצַוְּךָ֖ הַיּֽוֹם: |
