| 5When a man takes a new wife, he must not go out in the army, nor must he be obligated to do anything. He must remain exempt to attend to his home affairs for one year and gladden his wife whom he has married. |
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הכִּֽי־יִקַּ֥ח אִישׁ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲדָשָׁ֔ה לֹ֤א יֵצֵא֙ בַּצָּבָ֔א וְלֹא־יַֽעֲבֹ֥ר עָלָ֖יו לְכָל־דָּבָ֑ר נָקִ֞י יִֽהְיֶ֤ה לְבֵיתוֹ֙ שָׁנָ֣ה אֶחָ֔ת וְשִׂמַּ֖ח אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־לָקָֽח: |
| אִשָּׁה חֲדָשָׁה - A new wife - i.e., she is new to him, even if she is a widow. However, it excludes he who remarries his divorced wife. |
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אִשָּׁה חֲדָשָׁה.
שֶׁהִיא חֲדָשָׁה לוֹ וַאֲפִלּוּ אַלְמָנָה, פְּרָט לְמַחֲזִיר גְּרוּשָׁתוֹ (ספרי; סוטה מ"ד):
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| וְלֹא־יעבור עָלָיו - Nor must he be obligated - in any army matter. |
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וְלֹא־יעבור עָלָיו.
דְּבַר הַצָּבָא:
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| לְכָל־דָּבָר - Anything - that is for the army’s needs: neither to supply water and food nor to repair the roads. But those who return from the battle formation on the priest’s instructions – e.g., he who built a house but has not yet begun living in it, or he who betrothed a woman but has not yet married her – do supply water and food and repair the roads. |
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לְכָל־דָּבָר.
שֶׁהוּא צֹרֶךְ הַצָּבָא, לֹא לְסַפֵּק מַיִם וּמָזוֹן וְלֹא לְתַקֵּן הַדְּרָכִים, אֲבָל הַחוֹזְרִים מֵעוֹרְכֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה עַל פִּי כֹהֵן, כְּגוֹן בָּנָה בַיִת וְלֹא חֲנָכוֹ אוֹ אֵרַשׂ אִשָּׁה וְלֹא לְקָחָהּ, מַסְפִּיקִין מַיִם וּמָזוֹן וּמְתַקְּנִין אֶת הַדְּרָכִים (שם):
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| יִֽהְיֶה לְבֵיתוֹ - He must…[attend] to his home. this also refers to his actual house, i.e., if he built a house and began living in it, or if he planted a vineyard and redeemed its fourth-year produce, he does not leave his house at all during that year for the needs of war. |
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יִֽהְיֶה לְבֵיתוֹ.
אַף בִּשְׁבִיל בֵּיתוֹ, אִם בָּנָה בַיִת וַחֲנָכוֹ וְאִם נָטַע כֶּרֶם וְחִלְּלוֹ אֵינוֹ זָז מִבֵּיתוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל צָרְכֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה:
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| יִֽהְיֶה - refers to his house. |
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יִֽהְיֶה.
לְרַבּוֹת אֶת כַּרְמוֹ:
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| לְבֵיתוֹ - includes his vineyard. |
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לְבֵיתוֹ.
זֶה בֵיתוֹ:
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| וְשִׂמַּח - means: he must make his wife happy, as Onkelos translates it: וְיַחְדֵּי יָת אִתְּתֵהּ. One who translates it as וְיִחְדֵּי עִם אִתְּתֵהּ “he must rejoice with his wife” is mistaken, for this is not the translation of וְשִׂמַּח, but of וְשָׂמַח. |
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וְשִׂמַּח.
יְשַׂמֵּחַ אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְיַחְדֵי יָת אִתְּתֵהּ", וְהַמְתַרְגֵּם וְיֶחְדֵּי עִם אִתְּתֵהּ טוֹעֶה הוּא, שֶׁאֵין זֶה תַּרְגּוּם שֶׁל וְשִׂמַּח אֶלָּא שֶׁל וְשָׂמַח:
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| 6A creditor must not take a debtor’s lower or upper millstone as collateral, because by doing so he is in effect taking the life of his debtor as collateral. |
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ולֹא־יַֽחֲבֹ֥ל רֵחַ֖יִם וָרָ֑כֶב כִּי־נֶ֖פֶשׁ ה֥וּא חֹבֵֽל: |
| לֹא־יַֽחֲבֹל - One must not take as collateral - i.e., if he comes to court to take collateral from him for his debt, he must not take items used for food preparation as collateral. |
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לֹא־יַֽחֲבֹל.
אִם בָּא לְמַשְׁכְּנוֹ עַל חוֹבוֹ בְּבֵית דִּין, לֹא יְמַשְׁכְּנֶנּוּ בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁעוֹשִׂים בָּהֶן אֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ (ב"מ קי"ג):
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| רֵחַיִם - is the lower millstone. |
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רֵחַיִם.
הִיא הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה:
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| וָרָכֶב - is the upper millstone. |
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וָרָכֶב.
הִיא הָעֶלְיוֹנָה:
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| 7If a man is found to have kidnapped any person from among his brothers—from the Israelites—and to have enslaved and sold him, that kidnapper must be put to death. You must eradicate the evil of kidnapping from your midst. |
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זכִּֽי־יִמָּצֵ֨א אִ֜ישׁ גֹּנֵ֨ב נֶ֤פֶשׁ מֵֽאֶחָיו֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהִתְעַמֶּר־בּ֖וֹ וּמְכָר֑וֹ וּמֵת֙ הַגַּנָּ֣ב הַה֔וּא וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥ הָרָ֖ע מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ: |
| כִּֽי־יִמָּצֵא - (lit.) If he is found - through the testimony of witnesses and after having been issued a warning. The same applies to every instance of כִּי יִמָּצֵא in the Torah. |
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כִּֽי־יִמָּצֵא.
בְּעֵדִים וְהַתְרָאָה, וְכֵן כָּל "יִמָּצֵא" שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה:
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| וְהִתְעַמֶּר־בּוֹ - And to have enslaved him. He is not liable unless he makes use of him. |
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וְהִתְעַמֶּר־בּוֹ.
אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ:
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| 8Regarding the lesion of tzara’at, take care to meticulously safeguard the practice of these laws by studying how to observe them, in order to perform them properly. Take care to act in accordance with all that the Levitic priests instruct you, as I have commanded them. |
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חהִשָּׁ֧מֶר בְּנֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַ֛עַת לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְאֹ֖ד וְלַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת כְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־יוֹר֨וּ אֶתְכֶ֜ם הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֧ים הַֽלְוִיִּ֛ם כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִ֖ם תִּשְׁמְר֥וּ לַֽעֲשֽׂוֹת: |
| הִשָּׁמֶר בְּנֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַעַת - Regarding the lesion of tzara’at take care - that you not pluck out the symptoms of ritual defilement or cut away the white spot itself. |
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הִשָּׁמֶר בְּנֶֽגַע־הַצָּרַעַת.
שֶׁלֹּא תִתְלֹשׁ סִימָנֵי טֻמְאָה וְלֹא תָקֹץ אֶת הַבַּהֶרֶת (מכות כ"ב):
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| כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יוֹרוּ אֶתְכֶם - In accordance with all that they instruct you - whether to quarantine, to pronounce conclusively ritually defiled, or declare ritually undefiled. |
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כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יוֹרוּ אֶתְכֶם.
אִם לְהַסְגִּיר אִם לְהַחֲלִיט אִם לְטַהֵר:
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| 9Remember what God, your God, did to Miriam when we were traveling after you left Egypt. |
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טזָכ֕וֹר אֵ֧ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֛ה יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לְמִרְיָ֑ם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵֽאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם: |
| זָכוֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְמִרְיָם - Remember what God, your God, did to Miriam. If you wish to avoid being afflicted with tzara’at, do not speak slander. Remember what happened to Miriam, who spoke against her brother and was afflicted with tzara’at. |
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זָכוֹר אֵת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ לְמִרְיָם.
אִם בָּאתָ לְהִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא תִלְקֶה בְּצָרַעַת אַל תְּסַפֵּר לָשׁוֹן הָרָע, זְכֹר הֶעָשׂוּי לְמִרְיָם שֶׁדִּבְּרָה בְאָחִיהָ וְלָקְתָה בִנְגָעִים (עי' ספרי):
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| 10When you demand back something that you loaned your fellow, you must not enter his home to take his collateral. |
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יכִּֽי־תַשֶּׁ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ מַשַּׁ֣את מְא֑וּמָה לֹֽא־תָבֹ֥א אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ לַֽעֲבֹ֥ט עֲבֹטֽוֹ: |
| כִּֽי־תַשֶּׁה בְרֵֽעֲךָ - When you demand from your fellow - i.e., you have a claim of a debt from your fellow. |
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כִּֽי־תַשֶּׁה בְרֵֽעֲךָ.
תָחֹב בַּחֲבֵרְךָ:
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| מַשַּׁאת מְאוּמָה - means: a debt of anything. |
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מַשַּׁאת מְאוּמָה.
חוֹב שֶׁל כְּלוּם:
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| 11You must stand outside, and the person from whom you are demanding the return of your loan must bring the collateral to you outside. |
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יאבַּח֖וּץ תַּֽעֲמֹ֑ד וְהָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ נשֶׁ֣ה ב֔וֹ יוֹצִ֥יא אֵלֶ֛יךָ אֶת־הָֽעֲב֖וֹט הַחֽוּצָה: |
| 12If he is a poor man, you must not lie down to sleep with his collateral still in your possession. |
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יבוְאִם־אִ֥ישׁ עָנִ֖י ה֑וּא לֹ֥א תִשְׁכַּ֖ב בַּֽעֲבֹטֽוֹ: |
| לֹא תִשְׁכַּב בַּֽעֲבֹטֽוֹ - You must not lie down (lit.) in his collateral - means: you must not lie down to sleep while his collateral is with you. |
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לֹא תִשְׁכַּב בַּֽעֲבֹטֽוֹ.
לֹא תִשְׁכַּב וַעֲבוֹטוֹ אֶצְלְךָ (ספרי; בבא מציעא קי"ד):
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| 13You must return the collateral to him by sunset, in order that he be able to lie down to sleep in his garment. He will bless you, and it will be counted for you as a merit before God, your God. |
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יגהָשֵׁב֩ תָּשִׁ֨יב ל֤וֹ אֶת־הָֽעֲבוֹט֙ כְּב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ וְשָׁכַ֥ב בְּשַׂלְמָת֖וֹ וּבֵֽרֲכֶ֑ךָּ וּלְךָ֙ תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה צְדָקָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ: |
| כְּבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ - By sunset - if it is a night garment, and if it is a day garment, return it to him in the morning. This has already been stated in parashat veEleh HaMishpatim: “you must return it to him until sunset,” i.e., return it to him for the whole day, and at sunset, take it from him. |
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כְּבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ.
אִם כְּסוּת לַיְלָה הוּא, וְאִם כְּסוּת יוֹם — הַחֲזִירֵהוּ בַבֹּקֶר, וּכְבָר כָּתוּב בִּוְאֵלֶּה הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים (כ"ב) "עַד בֹּא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ תְּשִׁיבֶנּוּ לוֹ" — כָּל הַיּוֹם תְּשִׁיבֶנּוּ לוֹ, וּכְבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ תִּקָּחֶנּוּ:
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| וּבֵֽרֲכֶךָּ - He will bless you - and even if he does not bless you, nevertheless “it will be counted for you as a merit.” |
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וּבֵֽרֲכֶךָּ.
וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְבָרֶכְךָ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם ולך תהיה צדקה (ספרי):
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