22You must tithe all the produce of the seed that the field yields year by year. |
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כבעַשֵּׂ֣ר תְּעַשֵּׂ֔ר אֵ֖ת כָּל־תְּבוּאַ֣ת זַרְעֶ֑ךָ הַיֹּצֵ֥א הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֥ה שָׁנָֽה: |
לא תבשל גדי … עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר - לֹא תְבַשֵּׁל גְּדִי וְגוֹ' עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר – You must not cook a young animal…You must tithe. What does one subject have to do with the other? The answer is: In effect, the Holy One, blessed be He, was saying to Israel: “Do not cause Me to cook the young, tender kernels of grain when they are still in their mothers’ womb (i.e., in their husks), for if you do not separate your tithes correctly, I will unleash a scorching east wind when the grain is about to ripen, which will batter the crop, as it says: ‘and like ears before developing into standing grain.’ ” The same applies to the first fruits. |
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לא תבשל גדי … עַשֵּׂר תְּעַשֵּׂר.
מָה עִנְיַן זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה? אָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: אַל תִּגְרְמוּ לִי לְבַשֵּׁל גְּדָיִים שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה עַד שֶׁהֵן בִּמְעֵי אִמּוֹתֵיהֶן, שֶׁאִם אֵין אַתֶּם מְעַשְּׂרִים מַעַשְׂרוֹת כָּרָאוּי כְּשֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לְהִתְבַּשֵּׁל אֲנִי מוֹצִיא רוּחַ קָדִים וְהִיא מְשַׁדַּפְתָּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב י"ט) "וּשְׁדֵפָה לִפְנֵי קָמָה", וְכֵן לְעִנְיַן בִּכּוּרִים (פסיק' ר'; תנחומא):
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שָׁנָה שָׁנָה - Year by year. From here, we learn that one may not tithe from the new crop on to the old. |
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שָׁנָה שָׁנָה.
מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִין מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן (ספרי):
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23You must eat this tithe of your grain, wine, and oil—as well as the firstborn of your cattle and of your flocks—before God, your God, in the place to which He will choose to attach His Name, so that you may learn to revere God, your God, always. |
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כגוְאָֽכַלְתָּ֞ לִפְנֵ֣י | יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בַּמָּק֣וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַר֘ לְשַׁכֵּ֣ן שְׁמ֣וֹ שָׁם֒ מַעְשַׂ֤ר דְּגָֽנְךָ֙ תִּֽירשְׁךָ֣ וְיִצְהָרֶ֔ךָ וּבְכֹרֹ֥ת בְּקָֽרְךָ֖ וְצֹאנֶ֑ךָ לְמַ֣עַן תִּלְמַ֗ד לְיִרְאָ֛ה אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים: |
וְאָֽכַלְתָּ וגו' - You must eat… This refers to the second tithe – for Scripture has already taught us to give the first tithe to the Levites, as it says: “Speak to the Levites and tell them, ‘When you take the tithe from the Israelites…,’” and it gave them permission to eat it in any location, as it says: “You may eat it anywhere.” This commandment – to eat the tithe in Jerusalem – must therefore refer to another tithe. |
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וְאָֽכַלְתָּ וגו'.
זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. שֶׁכְּבָר לִמְּדָנוּ לִתֵּן מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לַלְוִיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "כִּי תִקְחוּ מֵאֵת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ'" (במדבר י"ח) וְנָתַן לָהֶם רְשׁוּת לְאָכְלוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אֹתוֹ בְּכָל מָקוֹם" (שם י"ח), עַל כָּרְחֲךָ זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר אַחֵר הוּא:
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24If the journey is too long for you, for you are unable to carry your produce that far because the place to which God, your God, will choose to attach His Name is too far from you, for God, your God, has blessed you, |
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כדוְכִֽי־יִרְבֶּ֨ה מִמְּךָ֜ הַדֶּ֗רֶךְ כִּ֣י לֹ֣א תוּכַל֘ שְׂאֵתוֹ֒ כִּֽי־יִרְחַ֤ק מִמְּךָ֙ הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִבְחַר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לָשׂ֥וּם שְׁמ֖וֹ שָׁ֑ם כִּ֥י יְבָֽרֶכְךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ: |
כִּי יְבָֽרֶכְךָ - For He has blessed you - that the produce will be too much to carry. |
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כִּי יְבָֽרֶכְךָ.
שֶׁתְּהֵא הַתְּבוּאָה מְרֻבָּה לָשֵׂאת:
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25you may assign it to money. You must bind up the money in your hand, and go to the place that God, your God, will choose. |
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כהוְנָֽתַתָּ֖ה בַּכָּ֑סֶף וְצַרְתָּ֤ הַכֶּ֨סֶף֙ בְּיָ֣דְךָ֔ וְהָֽלַכְתָּ֙ אֶל־הַמָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַ֛ר יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בּֽוֹ: |
26You must purchase with that money whatever your soul desires—cattle, flocks, new wine or old wine, or whatever your soul desires—and you must eat there, before God, your God, and you must rejoice, you and your household. |
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כווְנָֽתַתָּ֣ה הַכֶּ֡סֶף בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּ֨ה נַפְשְׁךָ֜ בַּבָּקָ֣ר וּבַצֹּ֗אן וּבַיַּ֨יִן֙ וּבַשֵּׁכָ֔ר וּבְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּשְׁאָֽלְךָ֖ נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְאָכַ֣לְתָּ שָּׁ֗ם לִפְנֵי֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְשָֽׂמַחְתָּ֖ אַתָּ֥ה וּבֵיתֶֽךָ: |
בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ - Whatever your soul desires - is a general statement; |
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בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תְּאַוֶּה נַפְשְׁךָ.. כְּלָל: |
בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן וּבַיַּיִן וּבַשֵּׁכָר – cattle, flocks, new wine or old wine. is a qualification. |
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בַּבָּקָר וּבַצֹּאן וּבַיַּיִן וּבַשֵּׁכָר.. פְּרָט: |
וּבְכֹל אֲשֶׁר תִּשְׁאָלְךָ נַפְשֶׁךָ – or whatever your soul desires. is again a general statement. Just as the qualification specifies entities that derive from the earth, even indirectly, and are fit for human consumption, so may anything that conforms with this requirement be purchased. |
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וּבְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־תִּשְׁאָֽלְךָ נַפְשְׁךָ..
– חָזַר וְכָלַל, מַה הַפְּרָט מְפֹרָשׁ וְלַד וַלְדוֹת הָאָרֶץ וְרָאוּי לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם וְכוּ' (עירובין כ"ז):
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27As for the Levite who resides in your cities, you must not forsake him, for he has neither any portion in the spoils of war nor any land-inheritance with you. |
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כזוְהַלֵּוִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶ֖יךָ לֹ֣א תַֽעַזְבֶ֑נּוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין ל֛וֹ חֵ֥לֶק וְנַֽחֲלָ֖ה עִמָּֽךְ: |
וְהַלֵּוִי לֹא תַֽעַזְבֶנּוּ - As for the Levite…you must not forsake him. by refraining from giving him the first tithe. |
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וְהַלֵּוִי לֹא תַֽעַזְבֶנּוּ.
מִלִּתֵּן לוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן:
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כִּי אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק וְנַֽחֲלָה עִמָּֽךְ - For he has neither portion nor inheritance with you. This excludes fallen gleanings (לֶקֶט), forgotten sheaves (שִׁכְחָה), the unharvested corner of the field (פֵּאָה), and ownerless produce, for he also has a portion in them, just like you, and thus they do not require tithing. |
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כִּי אֵין לוֹ חֵלֶק וְנַֽחֲלָה עִמָּֽךְ.
יָצְאוּ לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה וְהֶפְקֵר, שֶׁאַף הוּא יֵשׁ לוֹ חֵלֶק עִמְּךָ בָּהֶן כָּמוֹךָ, וְאֵינָן חַיָּבִין בְּמַעֲשֵׂר:
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28After the end of three years, you must take whatever part of the tithe of your crop that is left in that year from the preceding three years and place it outside the gates. |
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כחמִקְצֵ֣ה | שָׁל֣שׁ שָׁנִ֗ים תּוֹצִיא֙ אֶת־כָּל־מַעְשַׂר֙ תְּבוּאָ֣תְךָ֔ בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑וא וְהִנַּחְתָּ֖ בִּשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ: |
מִקְצֵה שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים - After the end of three years. This teaches us that if he delayed giving the tithes of the first and second year of the sabbatical-year cycle, he must remove them from the house in the third year. |
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מִקְצֵה שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים.
בָּא וְלִמֵּד שֶׁאִם הִשְׁהָה מַעַשְׂרוֹתָיו שֶׁל שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וּשְׁנִיָּה לִשְׁמִטָּה, שֶׁיְּבַעֲרֵם מִן הַבַּיִת בַּשְּׁלִישִׁית:
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29The Levite—because he has no portion or inheritance with you—the convert, the orphan, and the widow who are in your cities, will come, eat, and be satiated, so that God, your God, will bless you in all the work of your hand that you do. |
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כטוּבָ֣א הַלֵּוִ֡י כִּ֣י אֵין־לוֹ֩ חֵ֨לֶק וְנַֽחֲלָ֜ה עִמָּ֗ךְ וְ֠הַגֵּ֠ר וְהַיָּת֤וֹם וְהָֽאַלְמָנָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ וְאָֽכְל֖וּ וְשָׂבֵ֑עוּ לְמַ֤עַן יְבָֽרֶכְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכָל־מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָֽדְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּֽעֲשֶֽׂה: |
וּבָא הַלֵּוִי - The Levite will come - and take the first tithe. |
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וּבָא הַלֵּוִי.
וְיִטֹּל מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן:
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וְהַגֵּר וְהַיָּתוֹם - The convert and the orphan - and take the second tithe, which in this year belongs to the poor. You are not to eat it yourself in Jerusalem, as you are required to eat the second tithe of the previous two years. |
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וְהַגֵּר וְהַיָּתוֹם.
וְיִטְּלוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, שֶׁהוּא שֶׁל עָנִי שֶׁל שָׁנָה זוֹ, וְלֹא תֹאכְלֶנּוּ אַתָּה בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנִּזְקַקְתָּ לֶאֱכֹל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי שֶׁל שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים:
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וְאָֽכְלוּ וְשָׂבֵעוּ - Will eat and be satiated - i.e., give them enough to satisfy them. Based on this, our sages said: One may not give a poor person collecting the tithe at the threshing floor less than half a kav of wheat or a kav of barley. You must also go to Jerusalem with the second tithe of the first and second years that you have delayed bringing, and make the required declaration: “I have removed the holy produce from my house…,” as is specified in the passage beginning “When you have finished taking all the tithes.” |
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וְאָֽכְלוּ וְשָׂבֵעוּ.
תֵּן לָהֶם כְּדֵי שָׂבְעָן, מִכָּאן אָמְרוּ אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין לֶעָנִי בַּגֹּרֶן וְכוּ' (ספרי קי). וְאַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וּשְׁנִיָּה שֶׁהִשְׁהֵיתָ, וּמִתְוַדֶּה "בִּעַרְתִּי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִן הַבַּיִת" כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בְּכִי תְכַלֶּה לַעְשֵׂר (דברים כ"ו):
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