| 20Moses said to them, “If you do this thing, if you arm yourselves for battle before God, |
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כוַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם֙ משֶׁ֔ה אִם־תַּֽעֲשׂ֖וּן אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה אִם־תֵּחָֽלְצ֛וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָֽה: |
| 21and all your armed men cross the Jordan River before God, until He has driven out His enemies before Him, |
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כאוְעָבַ֨ר לָכֶ֧ם כָּל־חָל֛וּץ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה עַ֧ד הֽוֹרִישׁ֛וֹ אֶת־אֹֽיְבָ֖יו מִפָּנָֽיו: |
| 22and the land will be conquered before God, afterwards you may return, and you will be freed of your obligation to God and to Israel, and this land will become your estate before God. |
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כבוְנִכְבְּשָׁ֨ה הָאָ֜רֶץ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ וְאַחַ֣ר תָּשֻׁ֔בוּ וִֽהְיִיתֶ֧ם נְקִיִּ֛ם מֵֽיהֹוָ֖ה וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְ֠הָֽיְתָ֠ה הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֥את לָכֶ֛ם לַֽאֲחֻזָּ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה: |
| 23But, if you do not do so, behold, you will have sinned against God, and be aware of your sin, which will catch up with you. |
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כגוְאִם־לֹ֤א תַֽעֲשׂוּן֙ כֵּ֔ן הִנֵּ֥ה חֲטָאתֶ֖ם לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וּדְעוּ֙ חַטַּאתְכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר תִּמְצָ֖א אֶתְכֶֽם: |
| 24So build yourselves cities for your children and pens for your animals that need to be enclosed, and do as you have promised.” |
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כדבְּנֽוּ־לָכֶ֤ם עָרִים֙ לְטַפְּכֶ֔ם וּגְדֵרֹ֖ת לְצֹנַֽאֲכֶ֑ם וְהַיֹּצֵ֥א מִפִּיכֶ֖ם תַּֽעֲשֽׂוּ: |
| לְצֹנַֽאֲכֶם - For your animals that need to be enclosed. This word is from the same root as in: צֹנֶה וַאֲלָפִים כֻּלָּם “all sheep-enclosuring and cattle,” as it does not have an א between the נ and the צ, and the א following the נ here is instead of the ה of צֹנֶה. I have learned this from the work of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan. |
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לְצֹנַֽאֲכֶם.
תֵּבָה זוֹ מִגִּזְרַת "צֹנֶה וַאֲלָפִים כֻּלָּם" (תהלים ח') שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אָלֶ"ף מַפְסִיק בֵּין נוּ"ן לַצָּדִ"י, וְאָלֶ"ף שֶׁבָּא כָאן אַחַר הַנּוּ"ן בִּמְקוֹם הֵ"א שֶׁל צֹנֶה הוּא; מִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן לָמַדְתִּי כֵן:
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| וְהַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיכֶם תַּֽעֲשֽׂוּ - And do as you have promised - to God on High, i.e., that which you accepted upon yourselves to cross over for battle and remain until the conquest and the division of the land is complete; for Moses only asked of them: “and the land will be conquered…afterwards you may return,” yet they undertook: “until each of the Israelites has taken possession.” Thus they added a promise to remain for the seven years that they divided the land, and so they did. |
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וְהַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיכֶם תַּֽעֲשֽׂוּ.
לְגָבוֹהַּ, שֶׁקִּבַּלְתֶּם עֲלֵיכֶם לַעֲבֹר לַמִּלְחָמָה עַד כִּבּוּשׁ וְחִלּוּק, שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה לֹא בִּקֵּשׁ מֵהֶם אֶלָּא "וְנִכְבְּשָׁה … וְאַחַר תָּשׁוּבוּ" וְהֵם קִבְּלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם "עַד הִתְנַחֵל", הֲרֵי הוֹסִיפוּ לְהִתְעַכֵּב שֶׁבַע שֶׁחָלְקוּ, וְכֵן עָשׂוּ:
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| 25The descendants of Gad and the descendants of Reuben spoke to Moses as one man, unanimously, saying, “Your servants will do as you, our master, commands. |
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כהוַיֹּ֤אמֶר בְּנֵי־גָד֙ וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֔ן אֶל־משֶׁ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר עֲבָדֶ֣יךָ יַּֽעֲשׂ֔וּ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י מְצַוֶּֽה: |
| וַיֹּאמֶר בְּנֵי־גָד - The descendants of Gad answered - the singular form is used, signifying: they spoke all as one man. |
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וַיֹּאמֶר בְּנֵי־גָד.
כֻּלָּם כְּאִישׁ אֶחָד:
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| 26Our children, our wives, our livestock, and all our cattle will remain there, in the cities of Gilead. |
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כוטַפֵּ֣נוּ נָשֵׁ֔ינוּ מִקְנֵ֖נוּ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתֵּ֑נוּ יִֽהְיוּ־שָׁ֖ם בְּעָרֵ֥י הַגִּלְעָֽד: |
| 27But your servants will cross over, all who are armed for combat before God, for the battle, as our master has spoken.” |
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כזוַֽעֲבָדֶ֨יךָ יַֽעַבְר֜וּ כָּל־חֲל֥וּץ צָבָ֛א לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲדֹנִ֖י דֹּבֵֽר: |
| 28Moses commanded Eleazar the priest and Joshua son of Nun and all the paternal heads of the tribes of the Israelites concerning them. |
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כחוַיְצַ֤ו לָהֶם֙ משֶׁ֔ה אֵ֚ת אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ בִּן־נ֑וּן וְאֶת־רָאשֵׁ֛י אֲב֥וֹת הַמַּטּ֖וֹת לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| וַיְצַו לָהֶם - [Moses] commanded (lit.) to them - is to be understood as עֲלֵיהֶם, i.e., over them, as concerns their agreement, he appointed Eleazar and Joshua. The ל of לָהֶם is similar to: ה׳ יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם “God will do battle for you.” |
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וַיְצַו לָהֶם.
כְּמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם, וְעַל תְּנָאָם מִנָּה אֶלְעָזָר וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּמוֹ "ה' יִלָּחֵם לָכֶם" (שמות י"ד):
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| 29Moses said to them, “If the descendants of Gad and Reuben cross the Jordan River with you—all who are armed for combat before God—and the land is conquered before you, you may give them Gilead as an estate. |
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כטוַיֹּ֨אמֶר משֶׁ֜ה אֲלֵהֶ֗ם אִם־יַֽעַבְר֣וּ בְנֵי־גָ֣ד וּבְנֵֽי־רְאוּבֵ֣ן | אִ֠תְּכֶ֠ם אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֞ן כָּל־חָל֤וּץ לַמִּלְחָמָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה וְנִכְבְּשָׁ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם לָהֶ֛ם אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ הַגִּלְעָ֖ד לַֽאֲחֻזָּֽה: |
| 30But if they do not cross over with you armed, they will receive a possession among you in Canaan.” |
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לוְאִם־לֹ֧א יַֽעַבְר֛וּ חֲלוּצִ֖ים אִתְּכֶ֑ם וְנֹֽאחֲז֥וּ בְתֹֽכְכֶ֖ם בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן: |
| 31The descendants of Gad and the descendants of Reuben answered, saying, “We will do as God has spoken to your servants. |
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לאוַיַּֽעֲנ֧וּ בְנֵי־גָ֛ד וּבְנֵ֥י רְאוּבֵ֖ן לֵאמֹ֑ר אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶל־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ כֵּ֥ן נַֽעֲשֶֽׂה: |
| 32We will cross over as an armed force before God to Canaan, and then the estate of our inheritance on this side of the Jordan River will be ours.” |
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לבנַ֣חְנוּ נַֽעֲבֹ֧ר חֲלוּצִ֛ים לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְאִתָּנוּ֨ אֲחֻזַּ֣ת נַֽחֲלָתֵ֔נוּ מֵעֵ֖בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּֽן: |
| וְאִתָּנוּ אֲחֻזַּת נַֽחֲלָתֵנוּ - (lit.) And with us is the estate of our inheritance - i.e., the estate of our inheritance on this side will already be in our hands and in our possession. |
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וְאִתָּנוּ אֲחֻזַּת נַֽחֲלָתֵנוּ.
כְּלוֹמַר בְּיָדֵינוּ וּבִרְשׁוּתֵנוּ תְהִי אֲחֻזַּת נַחֲלָתֵנוּ מֵעֵבֶר הַזֶּה:
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| 33So Moses gave the descendants of Gad and the descendants of Reuben and half of the tribe of Manasseh son of Joseph the kingdom of King Sichon of the Amorites and the kingdom of King Og of Bashan—the land together with the cities within its borders and the cities of the surrounding territory. |
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לגוַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֣ם | משֶׁ֡ה לִבְנֵי־גָד֩ וְלִבְנֵ֨י רְאוּבֵ֜ן וְלַֽחֲצִ֣י | שֵׁ֣בֶט | מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה בֶן־יוֹסֵ֗ף אֶת־מַמְלֶ֨כֶת֙ סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ הָֽאֱמֹרִ֔י וְאֶ֨ת־מַמְלֶ֔כֶת ע֖וֹג מֶ֣לֶךְ הַבָּשָׁ֑ן הָאָ֗רֶץ לְעָרֶ֨יהָ֙ בִּגְבֻלֹ֔ת עָרֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ סָבִֽיב: |
| 34The descendants of Gad built up Divon, Atarot, Aro’er, |
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לדוַיִּבְנ֣וּ בְנֵי־גָ֔ד אֶת־דִּיבֹ֖ן וְאֶת־עֲטָרֹ֑ת וְאֵ֖ת עֲרֹעֵֽר: |
| 35Atrot Shofan, Ya’zer, Yogbehah, |
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להוְאֶת־עַטְרֹ֥ת שׁוֹפָ֛ן וְאֶת־יַעְזֵ֖ר וְיָגְבְּהָֽה: |
| 36Beit Nimrah, and Beit Haran into fortified cities and sheepfolds. |
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לווְאֶת־בֵּ֥ית נִמְרָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הָרָ֑ן עָרֵ֥י מִבְצָ֖ר וְגִדְרֹ֥ת צֹֽאן: |
| עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹֽאן - Fortified cities and sheepfolds. This conclusion of the verse refers to the beginning of the sentence: The descendants of Gad built these cities to be fortified cities and sheepfolds. |
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עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹֽאן.
זֶה סוֹף פָּסוּק מוּסָב עַל תְּחִלַּת הָעִנְיָן — וַיִּבְנוּ בְנֵי גָד אֶת הֶעָרִים הַלָּלוּ לִהְיוֹת עָרֵי מִבְצָר וְגִדְרֹת צֹאן:
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| 37The descendants of Reuben built Cheshbon, El’aleh, Kiryatayim, |
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לזוּבְנֵ֤י רְאוּבֵן֙ בָּנ֔וּ אֶת־חֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶת־אֶלְעָלֵ֑א וְאֵ֖ת קִרְיָתָֽיִם: |
| 38Nebo, Ba’al Me’on—the names having been changed—and Sivmah, for they changed the names of the cities they built. |
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לחוְאֶת־נְב֞וֹ וְאֶת־בַּ֧עַל מְע֛וֹן מֽוּסַבֹּ֥ת שֵׁ֖ם וְאֶת־שִׂבְמָ֑ה וַיִּקְרְא֣וּ בְשֵׁמֹ֔ת אֶת־שְׁמ֥וֹת הֶֽעָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּנֽוּ: |
| וְאֶת־נְבוֹ וְאֶת־בַּעַל מְעוֹן מֽוּסַבֹּת שֵׁם - Nebo, Ba’al Me’on – the names having been changed - Nebo and Ba’al Me’on were names of idols, the Amorites having named their cities after their idols, so the descendants of Reuben changed their names to other names, and this is what is meant by: מוּסַבֹּת שֵׁם – Nebo and Ba’al Me’on, changed to other names. |
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וְאֶת־נְבוֹ וְאֶת־בַּעַל מְעוֹן מֽוּסַבֹּת שֵׁם.
נְבוֹ וּבַעַל מְעוֹן שְׁמוֹת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הֵם, וְהָיוּ הָאֱמוֹרִיִּים קוֹרִים עָרֵיהֶם עַל שֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁלָּהֶם, וּבְנֵי רְאוּבֵן הֵסֵבּוּ אֶת שְׁמָם לְשֵׁמוֹת אֲחֵרִים, וְזֶהוּ מוסבת שם — נְבוֹ וּבַעַל מְעוֹן מוּסַבּוֹת לְשֵׁם אַחֵר:
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| וְאֶת־שִׂבְמָה - And Sivmah. They built Sivmah, the same as Sevam (שְׂבָם) mentioned above. |
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וְאֶת־שִׂבְמָה.
בָּנוּ שִׂבְמָה, וְהִיא שְׂבָם הָאֲמוּרָה לְמַעְלָה:
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| 39The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead and conquered it, driving out the Amorites who were there. |
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לטוַיֵּ֨לְכ֜וּ בְּנֵ֨י מָכִ֧יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֛ה גִּלְעָ֖דָה וַיִּלְכְּדֻ֑הָ וַיּ֖וֹרֶשׁ אֶת־הָֽאֱמֹרִ֥י אֲשֶׁר־בָּֽהּ: |
| וַיּוֹרֶשׁ - means as Onkelos translates it: וְתָרֵךְ “and drove out,” for the word ריש is used in two different ways: in the sense of יְרֻשָּׁה “inheritance,” and in the sense of הוֹרָשָׁה “dispossession,” i.e., chasing away and driving out. |
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וַיּוֹרֶשׁ.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ "וְתָרִיךְ", שֶׁתֵּבַת ריש מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שְׁתֵּי מַחֲלָקוֹת, לְשׁוֹן יְרֻשָּׁה וּלְשׁוֹן הוֹרָשָׁה שֶׁהוּא טֵרוּד וְתֵרוּךְ:
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| 40Moses gave Gilead to Machir son of Manasseh, and he settled in it. |
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מוַיִּתֵּ֤ן משֶׁה֙ אֶת־הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לְמָכִ֖יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב בָּֽהּ: |
| 41Ya’ir son of Manasseh went and conquered their villages. He named them “the villages of Ya’ir.” |
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מאוְיָאִ֤יר בֶּן־מְנַשֶּׁה֙ הָלַ֔ךְ וַיִּלְכֹּ֖ד אֶת־חַוֹּֽתֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶתְהֶ֖ן חַוֹּ֥ת יָאִֽיר: |
| חַוֹּֽתֵיהֶם - means as Onkelos translates it: כַּפְרָנֵיהוֹן “their villages.” |
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חַוֹּֽתֵיהֶם.
כַּפְרָנֵיהוֹן:
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| וַיִּקְרָא אֶתְהֶן חַוֹּת יָאִֽיר - He named them “the villages of Ya’ir”. Since he had no children, he named them after himself in order to perpetuate his name, as villages are like the “offspring” of the cities. |
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וַיִּקְרָא אֶתְהֶן חַוֹּת יָאִֽיר.
לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ לוֹ בָנִים קְרָאָם בִּשְׁמוֹ לְזִכָּרוֹן:
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| 42Novach went and conquered Kenat and its surrounding villages. He named it Novach, after his name. |
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מבוְנֹ֣בַח הָלַ֔ךְ וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד אֶת־קְנָ֖ת וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיִּקְרָ֧א לָ֦ה נֹ֖בַח בִּשְׁמֽוֹ: |
| וַיִּקְרָא לָה נֹבַח - He named it Novach. לָה does not have a dot (מפיק) in the ה. I saw in the work of Rabbi Moshe HaDarshan that since this name did not persist, the account of the naming is written in a weakened form, allowing it to be expounded as similar to לָא “not.” However, I wonder how he expounds the two similar words: וַיֹּאמֶר לָה בֹעַז “Boaz said to her” and לִבְנוֹת לָה בַיִת “to build her a house.” |
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וַיִּקְרָא לָה נֹבַח.
"לָה" אֵינוֹ מַפִּיק הֵ"א, וְרָאִיתִי בִיסוֹדוֹ שֶׁל רַ' מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְקַיֵּם לָהּ שֵׁם זֶה לְפִיכָךְ הוּא רָפֶה, שֶׁמַּשְׁמָעוּת מִדְרָשׁוֹ כְּמוֹ לֹא; וּתְמֵהַנִי מַה יִּדְרֹשׁ בִּשְׁתֵּי תֵבוֹת הַדּוֹמוֹת לָהּ "וַיֹּאמֶר לָה בֹעַז" (רות ב'), "לִבְנוֹת לָה בַיִת" (זכריה ה'):
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