| 29Any segregation of the value of a person liable to the death penalty who has been segregated cannot be redeemed, since the person is to be put to death. |
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כטכָּל־חֵ֗רֶם אֲשֶׁ֧ר יָֽחֳרַ֛ם מִן־הָֽאָדָ֖ם לֹ֣א יִפָּדֶ֑ה מ֖וֹת יוּמָֽת: |
| כָּל־חֵרֶם אֲשֶׁר יָֽחֳרַם וגו' - (lit.) Any segregation of…who has been segregated…. This refers to one on his way to be executed by the court, and someone said about him: “I take upon myself to give his endowment value.” His declaration has no legal import. |
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כָּל־חֵרֶם אֲשֶׁר יָֽחֳרַם וגו'.
הַיּוֹצֵא לֵהָרֵג וְאָמַר אֶחָד עֶרְכּוֹ עָלַי, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם (ספרא; ערכין ו'):
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| מוֹת יוּמָֽת - He is to be put to death - i.e., since he is going to die, he cannot be redeemed; he has neither monetary value nor endowment value. |
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מוֹת יוּמָֽת.
הֲרֵי הוֹלֵךְ לָמוּת, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא יִפָּדֶה — אֵין לוֹ לֹא דָמִים וְלֹא עֵרֶךְ:
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| 30All produce that you set aside as the second tithe of the land—whether it be from the seed of the land or the fruit of the tree—belongs to God. It is holy to God. |
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לוְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֨ר הָאָ֜רֶץ מִזֶּ֤רַע הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ מִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵ֔ץ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה ה֑וּא קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| וְכָל־מַעְשַׂר הָאָרֶץ - All tithe of the land. The verse is speaking about the second tithe. |
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וְכָל־מַעְשַׂר הָאָרֶץ.
בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר:
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| מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ - From the seed of the land - i.e., grain. |
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מִזֶּרַע הָאָרֶץ.
דָּגָן:
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| מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ - (lit.) From the fruit of the tree - i.e., wine and olive oil. |
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מִפְּרִי הָעֵץ.
תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר:
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| לה' הוּא - Belongs to God - i.e., God has acquired it, and “from His table,” He commanded you to bring it up and eat it in Jerusalem, as it says: “You must eat the tithe of your grain, wine, and oil before God, your God….” |
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לה' הוּא.
קְנָאוֹ הַשֵּׁם. וּמִשֻּׁלְחָנוֹ צִוָּה לְךָ לַעֲלוֹת וְלֶאֱכֹל בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י"ד), וְאָכַלְתָּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ, מַעְשַׂר דְּגָנְךָ תִּירֹשְׁךָ וְגוֹ' (עי' קידושין נ"ד):
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| 31If someone redeems some of his own second tithe, he must add its fifth of its value to it. |
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לאוְאִם־גָּאֹ֥ל יִגְאַ֛ל אִ֖ישׁ מִמַּֽעַשְׂר֑וֹ חֲמִֽשִׁית֖וֹ יֹסֵ֥ף עָלָֽיו: |
| מִמַּֽעַשְׂרוֹ - His tithe - but not the tithe of his fellow, i.e., if he redeems the tithe of his fellow he does not add a fifth. What does his redemption entail? It serves to permit it to be eaten anywhere, and the redemption money he takes up to purchase food and eat in Jerusalem, as it says: “You may assign it to money….” |
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מִמַּֽעַשְׂרוֹ.
וְלֹא מִמַּעְשַׂר חֲבֵרוֹ — הַפּוֹדֶה מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ אֵין מוֹסִיף חֹמֶשׁ, וּמַה הִיא גְאֻלָּתוֹ? יִפְדֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לְהַתִּירוֹ בַאֲכִילָה בְכָל מָקוֹם, וְהַמָּעוֹת יַעֲלֶה וְיֹאכַל בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים י"ד), וְנָתַתָּה בַּכָּסֶף וְגוֹ' (עי' קידושין כ"ד):
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| 32All tithes of cattle or flock—all that pass under the rod—every such tenth animal will be holy to God. |
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לבוְכָל־מַעְשַׂ֤ר בָּקָר֙ וָצֹ֔אן כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־יַֽעֲבֹ֖ר תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑בֶט הָֽעֲשִׂירִ֕י יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| תַּחַת הַשָּׁבֶט - Under the rod - i.e., when he comes to tithe them, he has them exit the opening of their pen one by one, and every tenth one he strikes with a rod painted red, so as to mark it as being the tithe. He does this to the lambs and calves born during each year. |
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תַּחַת הַשָּׁבֶט.
כְּשֶׁבָּא לְעַשְּׂרָן, מוֹצִיאָן בַּפֶּתַח זֶה אַחַר זֶה, וְהָעֲשִֹירִי מַכֶּה בְּשֵׁבֶט צְבוּעָה בְסִקְרָא, לִהְיוֹת נִכָּר שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֵׂר, כֵּן עוֹשֶׂה לִטְלָאִים וְלַעֲגָלִים שֶׁל כָּל שָׁנָה וְשָׁנָה (בכו' נ"ח):
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| יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּדֶשׁ - Will be holy - i.e., to have its blood and designated parts offered on the Altar. Its flesh, however, is eaten by its owner, for it is not enumerated among the other priestly entitlements, nor do we find stated anywhere else that it be given to the priests. |
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יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּדֶשׁ.
לִקְרַב לַמִּזְבֵּחַ דָּמוֹ וְאֵמוּרָיו, וְהַבָּשָׂר נֶאֱכָל לַבְּעָלִים, שֶׁהֲרֵי לֹא נִמְנָה עִם שְׁאָר מַתְּנוֹת כְּהֻנָה, וְלֹא מָצִינוּ שֶׁיְּהֵא נָתוּן בְּשָׂרוֹ לַכֹּהֲנִים:
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| 33The owner must not select a choice one to be the tithe, distinguishing between a good one or a bad one. The owner may not substitute another animal for it. If he does substitute another animal for it, both it and its replacement will be holy. It may not be redeemed.’” |
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לגלֹ֧א יְבַקֵּ֛ר בֵּֽין־ט֥וֹב לָרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א יְמִירֶ֑נּוּ וְאִם־הָמֵ֣ר יְמִירֶ֔נּוּ וְהָֽיָה־ה֧וּא וּתְמֽוּרָת֛וֹ יִֽהְיֶה־קֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֥א יִגָּאֵֽל: |
| לֹא יְבַקֵּר וגו' - [The owner] must not select… Since it says: “and all the choice objects of your sacrificial vows,” I might think that he may select and pick out the best for the tithe; Scripture therefore states: “He must not select.” Between a good one or a bad one these additional words teach us that the sanctity of the tithe is effective whether the animal is unblemished or blemished; not that a blemished animal can be brought as a sacrifice, but that it must be treated as holy by being eaten with intent to fulfill the law of a tithe, and it may not be sheared or used for work before it is slaughtered. |
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לֹא יְבַקֵּר וגו'.
לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְכֹל מִבְחַר נִדְרֵיכֶם" (דברים י"ב), יָכוֹל יְהֵא בוֹרֵר וּמוֹצִיא אֶת הַיָּפֶה, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "לֹא יְבַקֵּר בֵּין טוֹב לָרַע" — בֵּין תָּם בֵּין בַּעַל מוּם חָלָה עָלָיו קְדֻשָּׁה — וְלֹא שֶׁיִּקְרַב בַּעַל מוּם, אֶלָּא יֵאָכֵל בְּתוֹרַת מַעֲשֵׂר וְאָסוּר לִגָּזֵז וְלֵעָבֵד (עי' בכורות י"ד):
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| 34These are the commandments that God commanded Moses to tell the Israelites at the foot of Mount Sinai. |
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לדאֵ֣לֶּה הַמִּצְוֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־משֶׁ֖ה אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל בְּהַ֖ר סִינָֽי: |
