| 25If your brother Israelite becomes destitute and sells some of his inherited land, his redeemer who is related to him may come forth and redeem that which his relative had sold. |
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כהכִּֽי־יָמ֣וּךְ אָחִ֔יךָ וּמָכַ֖ר מֵֽאֲחֻזָּת֑וֹ וּבָ֤א גֹֽאֲלוֹ֙ הַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֔יו וְגָאַ֕ל אֵ֖ת מִמְכַּ֥ר אָחִֽיו: |
| כִּֽי־יָמוּךְ אָחִיךָ וּמָכַר - If your brother becomes destitute and sells. This teaches us that a person is not permitted to sell his field unless forced to do so by poverty. |
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כִּֽי־יָמוּךְ אָחִיךָ וּמָכַר.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין אָדָם רַשַּׁאי לִמְכֹּר שָׂדֵהוּ אֶלָּא מֵחֲמַת דֹּחַק עֹנִי (עי' ספרא):
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| מֵֽאֲחֻזָּתוֹ - Some of his inherited land - but not all of it. Scripture thus teaches us correct behavior, namely, that a person should leave a field for himself. |
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מֵֽאֲחֻזָּתוֹ.
וְלֹא כֻּלָּהּ, לִמֵּד דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, שֶׁיְּשַׁיֵּר שָׂדֶה לְעַצְמוֹ:
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| וְגָאַל אֵת מִמְכַּר אָחִֽיו - And redeem that which his relative had sold - and the purchaser may not prevent it. |
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וְגָאַל אֵת מִמְכַּר אָחִֽיו.
וְאֵין הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לְעַכֵּב:
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| 26If a man does not have a redeemer for his land, but he obtains sufficient means to afford its redemption, |
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כווְאִ֕ישׁ כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽהְיֶה־לּ֖וֹ גֹּאֵ֑ל וְהִשִּׂ֣יגָה יָד֔וֹ וּמָצָ֖א כְּדֵ֥י גְאֻלָּתֽוֹ: |
| וְאִישׁ כִּי לֹא יִֽהְיֶה־לּוֹ גֹּאֵל - If a man does not have a redeemer. Is there anyone among the Israelites that has no redeemers? This can therefore only refer to a redeemer who is able to redeem the original owner’s sold property. |
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וְאִישׁ כִּי לֹא יִֽהְיֶה־לּוֹ גֹּאֵל.
וְכִי יֵשׁ לְךָ אָדָם בְּיִשְֹרָאֵל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ גּוֹאֲלִים? אֶלָּא גּוֹאֵל שֶׁיּוּכַל לִגְאֹל מִמְכָּרוֹ (קידושין כ"א):
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| 27he must calculate the years for which the land has been sold, and return the difference to the man to whom he sold it, and then he may return to his inheritance. |
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כזוְחִשַּׁב֙ אֶת־שְׁנֵ֣י מִמְכָּר֔וֹ וְהֵשִׁיב֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף לָאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מָֽכַר־ל֑וֹ וְשָׁ֖ב לַֽאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ: |
| וְחִשַּׁב אֶת־שְׁנֵי מִמְכָּרוֹ - He must calculate the years for which the land has been sold. How many years were there until the Jubilee year? Such and such. For how much did I sell it to you? For such and such a price. You would have ultimately returned it to me in the Jubilee year. It follows that you actually bought a number of crops at a certain rate for each year: If you ate its produce for three or four years, deduct their value from the total you paid and take back the rest of the sum, and that is what is meant by וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת הָעֹדֵף(lit.) “and return the excess”. i.e., the excess of the purchase price over the consumed crops that the purchaser ate of it, giving this amount back to the purchaser. |
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וְחִשַּׁב אֶת־שְׁנֵי מִמְכָּרוֹ.
"כַּמָּה שָׁנִים הָיוּ עַד הַיּוֹבֵל? כָּךְ וְכָךְ, וּבְכַמָּה מְכַרְתִּיהָ לְךָ? בְּכָךְ וְכָךְ, עָתִיד הָיִיתָ לְהַחֲזִירָהּ בַּיּוֹבֵל, נִמְצֵאתָ קוֹנֶה מִסְפַּר הַתְּבוּאוֹת כְּפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן שֶׁל כָּל שָׁנָה, אָכַלְתָּ אוֹתָהּ שָׁלוֹשׁ שָׁנִים אוֹ אַרְבַּע, הוֹצֵא אֶת דְּמֵיהֶן מִן הַחֶשְׁבוֹן וְטֹל אֶת הַשְּׁאָר"; וְזֶהוּ וְהֵשִׁיב אֶת הָעֹדֵף בִּדְמֵי הַמֶּקַח עַל הָאֲכִילָה שֶׁאֲכָלָהּ וְיִתְּנֵם לַלּוֹקֵחַ:
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| לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר מָֽכַר־לוֹ - To the man to whom he sold it - “he” referring to the original seller, who wishes to redeem it. |
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לָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר מָֽכַר־לוֹ.
הַמּוֹכֵר הַזֶּה שֶׁבָּא לְגָאֳלָהּ:
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| 28But if he cannot afford to repay, his sale must remain in the possession of the one who has purchased it until the Jubilee year. It must go out of the purchaser’s possession in the Jubilee year and revert to the original owner’s inheritance. |
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כחוְאִ֨ם לֹא־מָֽצְאָ֜ה יָד֗וֹ דֵּי֘ הָשִׁ֣יב לוֹ֒ וְהָיָ֣ה מִמְכָּר֗וֹ בְּיַד֙ הַקֹּנֶ֣ה אֹת֔וֹ עַ֖ד שְׁנַ֣ת הַיּוֹבֵ֑ל וְיָצָא֙ בַּיֹּבֵ֔ל וְשָׁ֖ב לַֽאֲחֻזָּתֽוֹ: |
| דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֹ - (lit.) Enough to repay [the buyer]. From here, we learn that he may not redeem it one part at a time. |
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דֵּי הָשִׁיב לוֹ.
מִכָּאן שֶׁאֵינוֹ גוֹאֵל לַחֲצָאִין (ספרא; ערכין ל'):
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| עַד שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל - Until the Jubilee year. עַד “until” indicates that the field may not enter that year in the purchaser’s possession at all, for the Jubilee effects release of property at its onset. |
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עַד שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל.
שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס לְתוֹךְ אוֹתָהּ שָׁנָה כְּלוּם, שֶׁהַיּוֹבֵל מְשַׁמֵּט בִּתְחִלָּתוֹ (ספרא; ערכין כ"ח):
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