| 19The land will yield its produce, you will eat to satiety, and you will live upon the land securely. |
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יט וְנָֽתְנָ֤ה הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ פִּרְיָ֔הּ וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם לָשׂ֑בַע וִֽישַׁבְתֶּ֥ם לָבֶ֖טַח עָלֶֽיהָ: |
| וְנָֽתְנָה הָאָרֶץ וגו', וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם לָבֶטַח עָלֶֽיהָ - The land will yield…and you will live securely. i.e., you will not be worried about a year of drought. |
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וְנָֽתְנָה הָאָרֶץ וגו', וִֽישַׁבְתֶּם לָבֶטַח עָלֶֽיהָ.
שֶׁלֹּא תִדְאֲגוּ מִשְּׁנַת בַּצֹּרֶת:
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| וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּם לָשׂבַע - You will eat to satiety - even in your stomach the food will be blessed, i.e., the food will be miraculously filling. |
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וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּם לָשׂבַע.
אַף בְּתוֹךְ הַמֵּעַיִם תְּהֵא בוֹ בְּרָכָה (עי' ספרא):
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| 20If you should wonder, “What will we eat in the seventh year? We cannot sow, and we cannot gather in our produce!” |
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כוְכִ֣י תֹֽאמְר֔וּ מַה־נֹּאכַ֖ל בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑ת הֵ֚ן לֹ֣א נִזְרָ֔ע וְלֹ֥א נֶֽאֱסֹ֖ף אֶת־תְּבֽוּאָתֵֽנוּ: |
| וְלֹא נֶֽאֱסֹף - And we cannot gather in - into the house. |
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וְלֹא נֶֽאֱסֹף.
אֶל הַבַּיִת:
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| אֶת־תְּבֽוּאָתֵֽנוּ - Our produce - such as wine, fruit of trees, and crops that grew on their own. |
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אֶת־תְּבֽוּאָתֵֽנוּ.
כְּגוֹן יַיִן וּפֵרוֹת הָאִילָן וּסְפִיחִין הַבָּאִים מֵאֵלֵיהֶם:
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| 21I will command My blessing for you in the sixth year, and it will yield enough produce for three years, |
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כאוְצִוִּ֤יתִי אֶת־בִּרְכָתִי֙ לָכֶ֔ם בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַשִּׁשִּׁ֑ית וְעָשָׂת֙ אֶת־הַתְּבוּאָ֔ה לִשְׁל֖שׁ הַשָּׁנִֽים: |
| לִשְׁלשׁ הַשָּׁנִֽים - For three years - i.e., for part of the sixth year – from Nisan to Rosh Hashanah, for the entire seventh year, and for part of the eighth year – for they will sow in the eighth year in Marcheshvan and reap only in Nisan. |
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לִשְׁלשׁ הַשָּׁנִֽים.
לִקְצָת הַשִּׁשִּׁית — מִנִּיסָן וְעַד רֹ"הַ, וְלַשְּׁבִיעִית, וְלַשְּׁמִינִית, שֶׁיִּזְרְעוּ בַשְּׁמִינִית בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן וְיִקְצְרוּ בְנִיסָן:
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| 22for you will sow in the eighth year, while eating from the old crops. You will eat from the old crop until the ninth year, until the arrival of its crop. |
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כבוּזְרַעְתֶּ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁמִינִ֔ת וַֽאֲכַלְתֶּ֖ם מִן־הַתְּבוּאָ֣ה יָשָׁ֑ן עַ֣ד | הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַתְּשִׁיעִ֗ת עַד־בּוֹא֙ תְּב֣וּאָתָ֔הּ תֹּֽאכְל֖וּ יָשָֽׁן: |
| עַד הַשָּׁנָה הַתְּשִׁיעִת - Until the ninth year - i.e., until the Festival of Sukot of the ninth year, which is the time when the crop of the eighth year enters the house, for throughout the summer it was in the field in the granaries, and in Tishrei is its time to be gathered into the house. There were also times that one year would need to yield enough produce for four years, in the sixth year before the seventh sabbatical year, when they abstain from agricultural work for two consecutive years: the seventh year and the Jubilee. This verse, however, was stated regarding all the other regular sabbatical years. |
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עַד הַשָּׁנָה הַתְּשִׁיעִת.
עַד חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת שֶׁל תְּשִׁיעִית, שֶׁהוּא עֵת בֹּא תְּבוּאָתָהּ שֶׁל שְׁמִינִית לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, שֶׁכָּל יְמוֹת הַקַּיִץ הָיוּ בַשָּׂדֶה בַּגְּרָנוֹת, וּבְתִשְׁרֵי הוּא עֵת הָאָסִיף לַבַּיִת; וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהָיְתָה צְרִיכָה לַעֲשׂוֹת לְאַרְבַּע שָׁנִים — בַּשִּׁשִּׁית שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַשְּׁמִטָּה הַשְּׁבִיעִית, שֶׁהֵן בְּטֵלִין מֵעֲבוֹדַת קַרְקַע שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים רְצוּפוֹת — הַשְּׁבִיעִית וְהַיּוֹבֵל, וּמִקְרָא זֶה נֶאֱמַר בִּשְׁאָר הַשְּׁמִטּוֹת כֻּלָּן:
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| 23The land must not be sold in such a way as to sever it permanently from its original owner, for the land belongs to Me, for you are sojourners and residents dwelling with Me on My land. |
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כגוְהָאָ֗רֶץ לֹ֤א תִמָּכֵר֙ לִצְמִתֻ֔ת כִּי־לִ֖י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־גֵרִ֧ים וְתֽוֹשָׁבִ֛ים אַתֶּ֖ם עִמָּדִֽי: |
| וְהָאָרֶץ לֹא תִמָּכֵר - The land must not be sold. This is stated here to add a prohibition to the command to return purchased fields to their original owners in the Jubilee year, namely, that the purchaser not withhold the field for himself. |
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וְהָאָרֶץ לֹא תִמָּכֵר.
לִתֵּן לָאו עַל חֲזָרַת שָׂדוֹת לַבְּעָלִים בַּיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא הַלּוֹקֵחַ כּוֹבְשָׁהּ:
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| לִצְמִתֻת - means literally “for severance”; in our context, as a sale fixed for perpetuity. |
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לִצְמִתֻת.
לִפְסִיקָה, לִמְכִירָה פְסוּקָה עוֹלָמִית:
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| כִּי־לִי הָאָרֶץ - For the land belongs to Me. Do not regard the land begrudgingly, for it is not yours. |
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כִּי־לִי הָאָרֶץ.
אַל תֵּרַע עֵינְךָ בָהּ שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁלְּךָ (ספרא):
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| 24Throughout the land of your possession, you must also allow the land its redemption: |
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כדוּבְכֹ֖ל אֶ֣רֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶ֑ם גְּאֻלָּ֖ה תִּתְּנ֥וּ לָאָֽרֶץ: |
| וּבְכֹל אֶרֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶם - Throughout the land of your possession. The word כֹל “entire” is added to include houses and Hebrew bondmen in the law of redemption. This matter is explained in the first chapter of Kiddushin. But according to its straightforward meaning it is connected to the following passage, teaching us that one who sells his inherited land is entitled to redeem it after two years, either he or his relative, and the purchaser cannot prevent it. |
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וּבְכֹל אֶרֶץ אֲחֻזַּתְכֶם.
לְרַבּוֹת בָּתִּים וְעֶבֶד עִבְרִי, וְדָבָר זֶה מְפֹרָשׁ בְּקִדּוּשִׁין בְּפֶרֶק רִאשׁוֹן (דף כ"א). וּלְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ סָמוּךְ לְפָרָשָׁה שֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו, שֶׁהַמּוֹכֵר אֲחֻזָּתוֹ רַשָּׁאִי לְגָאֳלָהּ לְאַחַר שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, אוֹ הוּא אוֹ קְרוֹבוֹ, וְאֵין הַלּוֹקֵחַ יָכוֹל לְעַכֵּב:
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