Vayikra (Leviticus) Chapter 23

1God spoke to Moses, saying,   אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
2“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘With regard to God’s appointed holy days, it is only about the ones that you will designate as designated holy occasions that God will say, “These are My appointed holy days.”   בדַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מֽוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם מֽוֹעֲדָֽי:
דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֽוֹעֲדֵי ה' - Speak to the Israelites…God’s appointed [holy] days. i.e., arrange the festivals such that Israel will be accustomed to taking part in them. Thus, the court establishes a leap year for the benefit of those of the Diaspora who have already left their homes to make the festival pilgrimage but have not yet reached Jerusalem.   דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֽוֹעֲדֵי ה'.  עֲשֵׂה מוֹעֲדוֹת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יִשְֹרָאֵל מְלֻמָּדִין בָּהֶם, שֶׁמְּעַבְּרִים אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל גָּלֻיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּעֶקְרוּ מִמְּקוֹמָן לַעֲלוֹת לָרֶגֶל וַעֲדַיִן לֹא הִגִּיעוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם (ספרא):
3During a six-day period each week, work may be performed, but on the seventh day there must be a complete rest day, a holy occasion. You must not perform any work on it. It is a Sabbath to God in all your dwelling places.   גשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֘ תֵּֽעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ שַׁבָּ֥ת הִוא֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם:
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים - During a six-day period. What does the Sabbath have to do with the festivals? This seemingly superfluous statement is added to teach you that whoever desecrates the festivals is considered as if he has desecrated the Sabbaths, and whoever observes the festivals is considered as if he has observed the Sabbaths.   שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים.  מָה עִנְיַן שַׁבָּת אֵצֶל מוֹעֲדוֹת? לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל הַמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ חִלֵּל אֶת הַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, וְכָל הַמְקַיֵּם אֶת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ קִיֵּם אֶת הַשַּׁבָּתוֹת (שם):
4The following are God’s appointed holy days, i.e., the designated holy occasions that you will designate to be such in their appointed time:   דאֵ֚לֶּה מֽוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה מִקְרָאֵ֖י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם בְּמֽוֹעֲדָֽם:
אֵלֶּה מֽוֹעֲדֵי ה' - The following are God’s appointed [holy] days. The verse above 1 speaks about establishing a leap year, and here it speaks about sanctifying the new month.   אֵלֶּה מֽוֹעֲדֵי ה'.  לְמַעְלָה מְדַבֵּר בְּעִבּוּר שָׁנָה וְכָאן מְדַבֵּר בְּקִדּוּשׁ הַחֹדֶשׁ:
5In the afternoon of the 14th day of the first month, you must offer up the Passover sacrifice to God.   הבַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽרִאשׁ֗וֹן בְּאַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לַחֹ֖דֶשׁ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַרְבָּ֑יִם פֶּ֖סַח לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
בֵּין הָֽעַרְבָּיִם - means from the end of six seasonal hours of the day onward.   בֵּין הָֽעַרְבָּיִם.  מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה (שם):
פֶּסַח לה' - (lit.) It is a Passover for God - i.e., the bringing of the sacrifice called “Passover.”   פֶּסַח לה'.  הַקְרָבַת קָרְבָּן שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ פֶּסַח:
6On the 15th day of that month begins the Festival of Matzos in honor of God; for a seven-day period you must eat matzos.   ווּבַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַזֶּ֔ה חַ֥ג הַמַּצּ֖וֹת לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים מַצּ֥וֹת תֹּאכֵֽלוּ:
7You must celebrate the first day as a holy occasion on which you must not perform any mundane work.   זבַּיּוֹם֙ הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן מִקְרָא־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
8You must bring a fire-offering to God for a seven-day period. You must celebrate the seventh day as a holy occasion on which you must not perform any mundane work.’”   חוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֥ם אִשֶּׁ֛ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֥א תַֽעֲשֽׂוּ:
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם אִשֶּׁה וגו' - You must bring a fire-offering… These are the additional offerings mentioned in parashat Pinechas. 2 And why are they mentioned here? To tell you that the animals for additional offerings are not essential for one another as follows:   וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם אִשֶּׁה וגו'.  הֵם הַמּוּסָפִין הָאֲמוּרִים בְּפָרָשַׁת פִּינְחָס, וְלָמָּה נֶאֶמְרוּ כָאן? לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה:
וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם אִשֶּׁה לה' - You must bring a fire-offering to God - i.e., offer the additional offering in any event; even if the bulls needed for it are not available, still bring rams, and even if there are no bulls or rams, still bring lambs.   וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם אִשֶּׁה לה'.  מִכָּל מָקוֹם — אִם אֵין פָּרִים הָבֵא אֵילִים, וְאִם אֵין פָּרִים וְאֵילִים הָבֵא כְבָשִׂים (שם):
שִׁבְעַת יָמִים - Wherever it says שִׁבְעַת, it is a type of noun, i.e., a week of days; “septaine” in Old French. Similarly, this is the meaning of all such expressions: שְׁמוֹנַת, שֵׁשֶׁת, חֲמֵשֶׁת and שְׁלֹשֶׁת.   שִׁבְעַת יָמִים.  כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שִׁבְעַת שֵׁם דָּבָר הוּא — שָׁבוּעַ שֶׁל יָמִים, שטי"נא בְּלַעַז, וְכֵן כָּל לְשׁוֹן שְׁמוֹנַת שֵׁשֶׁת חֲמֵשֶׁת שְׁלוֹשֶׁת:
מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה - (lit.) Work of toil - i.e., even actions that are considered by you essential work and a necessity, inasmuch as refraining from them results in monetary deficit, such as a matter of irretrievable loss. This I understood from Torat Kohanim, 3 where it states: “I might think that even on Chol HaMo’ed (the intermediary days of the festival) it is also prohibited to carry out מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה….”   מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה.  אֲפִלּוּ מְלָאכוֹת הַחֲשׁוּבוֹת לָכֶם עֲבוֹדָה וְצֹרֶךְ — שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֶסְרוֹן כִּיס בְּבַטָּלָה שֶׁלָּהֶן — כְּגוֹן דָּבָר הָאָבֵד, כָּךְ הֵבַנְתִּי מִתּוֹרַת כֹּהֲנִים, דְּקָתָנֵי יָכוֹל אַף חֻלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד יְהֵא אָסוּר בִּמְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה וְכוּ':
9God spoke to Moses, saying,   טוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
10“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land that I am giving you and you reap its harvest, you must bring an omer of barley as the beginning of your harvest, and give it to the priest.   ידַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־תָבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ נֹתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֔ם וּקְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־קְצִירָ֑הּ וַֽהֲבֵאתֶ֥ם אֶת־עֹ֛מֶר רֵאשִׁ֥ית קְצִֽירְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֵֽן:
רֵאשִׁית קְצִֽירְכֶם - The beginning of your harvest - i.e., the omer must be the first to be harvested.   רֵאשִׁית קְצִֽירְכֶם.  שֶׁתְּהֵא רִאשׁוֹנָה לַקָּצִיר (ספרא):
עֹמֶר - Omer - This was the name of the measure of a tenth of an ephah, as in וַיָּמֹדּוּ בָעֹמֶר “They measured it by the omer.” 4   עֹמֶר.  עֲשִׂירִית הָאֵיפָה כָּךְ הָיְתָה שְׁמָהּ, כְּמוֹ וַיָּמֹדּוּ בָעֹמֶר (שמות ט"ז):
11He must wave this omer before God in order to attain God’s favor for you. The priest must wave it on the day after the day of rest.   יאוְהֵנִ֧יף אֶת־הָעֹ֛מֶר לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה לִרְצֹֽנְכֶ֑ם מִמָּֽחֳרַת֙ הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת יְנִיפֶ֖נּוּ הַכֹּהֵֽן:
וְהֵנִיף - He must wave. Every “waving” is done by moving the object forward and backward and then up and down – forward and backward to prevent harmful winds; up and down to prevent harmful dews.   וְהֵנִיף.  כָּל תְּנוּפָה מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד, מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא לַעֲצֹר רוּחוֹת רָעוֹת, מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד לַעֲצֹר טְלָלִים רָעִים (מנחות ס"ב):
לִרְצֹֽנְכֶם - To attain favor for you - i.e., if you bring the offering as prescribed here, it will achieve acceptance for you.   לִרְצֹֽנְכֶם.  אִם תַּקְרִיבוּ כְּמִשְׁפָּט זֶה יִהְיֶה לְרָצוֹן לָכֶם:
מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת - (lit.) On the day after the Sabbath - means on the day after the first day of Passover, for if you say it means on the day after the weekly Sabbath of Creation, you do not know to which Sabbath it is referring.   מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת.  מִמָּחֳרַת יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל פֶּסַח, שֶׁאִם אַתָּה אוֹמֵר שַׁבַּת בְּרֵאשִׁית אֵי אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶהוּ (ספרא; מנחות ס"ו):
12On the day you wave the omer of barley, you must offer up an unblemished lamb in its first year as an ascent-offering to God.   יבוַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֕ם בְּי֥וֹם הֲנִֽיפְכֶ֖ם אֶת־הָעֹ֑מֶר כֶּ֣בֶשׂ תָּמִ֧ים בֶּן־שְׁנָת֛וֹ לְעֹלָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם … כֶּבֶשׂ - You must offer up a lamb. The obligation to bring it is due to the omer.   וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם … כֶּבֶשׂ.  חוֹבָה לָעֹמֶר הוּא בָא:
13Its grain-offering must be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil offered up as a fire-offering pleasing to God. Its libation must be a quarter of a hin of wine.   יגוּמִנְחָתוֹ֩ שְׁנֵ֨י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֜ים סֹ֣לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֛מֶן אִשֶּׁ֥ה לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֑חַ וְנִסְכּ֥וֹ (כתיב ונסכה) יַ֖יִן רְבִיעִ֥ת הַהִֽין:
וּמִנְחָתוֹ - Its grain-offering - i.e., the grain-offering brought with its libation.   וּמִנְחָתוֹ.  מִנְחַת נְסָכָיו:
שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים - Two-tenths. It was twice the usual amount.   שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים.  כְּפוּלָה הָיְתָה:
ונסכו יַיִן רְבִיעִת הַהִֽין - Its libation must be a quarter of a hin of wine. Even though its grain-offering was twice the usual amount, its libations were not doubled.   ונסכו יַיִן רְבִיעִת הַהִֽין.  אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּנְחָתוֹ כְפוּלָה אֵין נְסָכָיו כְּפוּלִים:
14You must not eat bread, oven-parched kernels, or fresh kernels until this very day, i.e., until you bring your God’s sacrifice. This is an eternal rule throughout your generations and in all your places of residence.   ידוְלֶ֩חֶם֩ וְקָלִ֨י וְכַרְמֶ֜ל לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֗וּ עַד־עֶ֨צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה עַ֚ד הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת־קָרְבַּ֖ן אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם חֻקַּ֤ת עוֹלָם֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכֹ֖ל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם:
וְקָלִי - Parched kernels - i.e., flour made from soft fresh kernels that are dried in an oven.   וְקָלִי.  קֶמַח עָשׂוּי מִכַּרְמֶל רַךְ שֶׁמְּיַבְּשִׁין אוֹתוֹ בַּתַּנּוּר:
וְכַרְמֶל - Or fresh kernels. These are kernels called “gernailles” in Old French.   וְכַרְמֶל.  הֵן קְלָיוֹת, שֶׁקּוֹרִין גרניי"ליש:
בְּכֹל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם - In all your places of residence. The sages of Israel 5 differed regarding the interpretation of these words. Some derive from here that the prohibition regarding new produce applies even outside the Land of Israel, unlike other agricultural commandments, the majority of which apply only in the land. Others, however, say that it merely comes to teach us that they were only commanded about new produce after taking possession and settling the land, i.e., once they had all captured and divided it.   בְּכֹל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם.  נֶחְלְקוּ בוֹ חַכְמֵי יִשְֹרָאֵל, יֵשׁ שֶׁלָּמְדוּ מִכָּאן שֶׁהֶחָדָשׁ נוֹהֵג בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמָרִים לֹא בָא אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד שֶׁלֹּא נִצְטַוּוּ עַל הֶחָדָשׁ אֶלָּא לְאַחַר יְרֻשָּׁה וִישִׁיבָה, מִשֶּׁכִּבְּשׁוּ וְחִלְּקוּ (קידושין ל"ז):
15Starting on the day after the day of rest—i.e., from the day you bring the omer of barley as a wave-offering—you must count for yourselves seven weeks. These weeks must be complete.   טווּסְפַרְתֶּ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִמָּֽחֳרַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת מִיּוֹם֙ הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת־עֹ֖מֶר הַתְּנוּפָ֑ה שֶׁ֥בַע שַׁבָּת֖וֹת תְּמִימֹ֥ת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה:
מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת - Starting on the day after the day of rest - i.e., the day after the festival, i.e., the first day of Passover.   מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת.  מִמָּחֳרַת יוֹם טוֹב:
תְּמִימֹת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה - Must be complete. This teaches that one must begin the count in the evening, for if not, the weeks are not complete.   תְּמִימֹת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה.  מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמַּתְחִיל וּמוֹנֶה מִבָּעֶרֶב, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן אֵינָן תְּמִימוֹת (ספרא; מנחות ס"ו):
16You must count until the day after the seventh week, 50 days, on which you must bring a grain-offering to God from the new crop:   טזעַ֣ד מִמָּֽחֳרַ֤ת הַשַּׁבָּת֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת תִּסְפְּר֖וּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים י֑וֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֛ם מִנְחָ֥ה חֲדָשָׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: שְׁבוּעֲתָא שְׁבִיעָתָא – the seventh week.   הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת.  כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ שְׁבוּעֲתָא שְׁבִיעֵתָא:
עַד מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ - You must count until the day after the seventh week - but not including that day, thus being 49 days.   עַד מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ.  וְלֹא עַד בִּכְלָל, וְהֵן אַרְבָּעִים וְתִשְׁעָה יוֹם:
חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לה' - (lit.) Fifty days, and you must bring a new grain-offering to God - i.e., you must bring it on the 50th day. However, I say that this is its Midrashic explanation, but its straightforward explanation is: “until the day after the seventh week, which is the 50th day, you must count,” and it is an inverted verse.   חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לה'.  בַּיּוֹם הַחֲמִשִּׁים תַּקְרִיבוּהָ, וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי זֶה מִדְרָשׁוֹ, אֲבָל פְּשׁוּטוֹ עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת שֶׁהוּא יוֹם חֲמִשִּׁים תִּסְפְּרוּ, וּמִקְרָא מְסֹרָס הוּא:
מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה - (lit.) A new grain-offering. This is the first grain-offering that is brought from the new crop. Should you ask: Was not the omer grain-offering already brought? It, however, is not like other grain-offerings, since it is brought from barley.   מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה.  הִיא הַמִּנְחָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁהוּבְאָה מִן הֶחָדָשׁ, וְאִם תֹּאמַר הֲרֵי קָרְבָה מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר אֵינָהּ כִּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת, שֶׁהִיא בָאָה מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים (מנחות י"ד):
17You must bring bread set aside from the land in which you dwell—two loaves made from two-tenths of an ephah; they must be of fine flour, and they must be baked leavened. This will be the first grain-offering of wheat brought to God.   יזמִמּֽוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם תָּבִ֣יאוּ | לֶ֣חֶם תְּנוּפָ֗ה שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּֽאָפֶ֑ינָה בִּכּוּרִ֖ים לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
מִמּֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם - (lit.) From where you dwell - but not from outside the Land of Israel.   מִמּֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם.  וְלֹא מִחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ (ספרא):
לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה - (lit.) Bread, a wave-offering - means: bread that was separated by being designated for God on High, and this is the “new grain-offering” mentioned above.   לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה.  לֶחֶם תְּרוּמָה, הַמּוּרָם לְשֵׁם גָּבוֹהַּ, וְזוֹ הִיא הַמִּנְחָה הַחֲדָשָׁה הָאֲמוּרָה לְמַעְלָה:
בִּכּוּרִים - (lit.) First-ripening - i.e., it is the first of all grain-offerings, even the “grain-offering of jealousies” (i.e., which is part of the rite of the suspected adulteress), which is brought from barley; 6 it too cannot be offered up from the new crop before the two loaves are offered up.   בִּכּוּרִים.  רִאשׁוֹנָה לְכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת, אַף לְמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת הַבָּאָה מִן שְׂעוֹרִים לֹא תִּקְרַב מִן הֶחָדָשׁ קֹדֶם לִשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם (שם):
18Along with the bread, you must bring seven unblemished lambs in their first year, one young bull, and two rams. These must be ascent-offerings to God, accompanied by their grain-offering and libations, offered up with the intention that they be fire-offerings and that are pleasing to God.   יחוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣ם עַל־הַלֶּ֗חֶם שִׁבְעַ֨ת כְּבָשִׂ֤ים תְּמִימִם֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וּפַ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד וְאֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם יִֽהְי֤וּ עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָתָם֙ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
עַל־הַלֶּחֶם - With the bread - i.e., on account of the bread, as an obligation due to the bread.   עַל־הַלֶּחֶם.  בִּגְלַל הַלֶּחֶם, חוֹבָה לַלֶּחֶם (ספרא; מנחות מ"ה):
וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם - [Accompanied by] their grain-offering and libations - i.e., according to the rules of grain-offerings and libations that are specified for each type of animal in the passage concerning libations: 7 three-tenths of an ephah for a bull, two-tenths for a ram, and one-tenth for a lamb – this is the grain-offering; and the libations: half a hin of wine for a bull, a third of a hin for a ram, and a quarter of a hin for a lamb.   וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם.  כְּמִשְׁפַּט מִנְחָה וּנְסָכִים הַמְפֹרָשִׁים בְּכָל בְּהֵמָה בְּפָרָשַׁת נְסָכִים, שְׁלוֹשָׁה עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לַפָּר וּשְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לָאַיִל וְעִשָּׂרוֹן לַכֶּבֶשׂ, זוֹ הִיא הַמִּנְחָה, וְהַנְּסָכִים חֲצִי הַהִין לַפָּר וּשְׁלִישִׁית הַהִין לָאַיִל וּרְבִיעִית הַהִין לַכֶּבֶשׂ:
19You must offer up one he-goat as a sin-offering and two lambs in their first year as a peace-promoting feast-offering.   יטוַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם שְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּ֑את וּשְׁנֵ֧י כְבָשִׂ֛ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָ֖ה לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִֽים:
וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם שְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּים - You must offer up [one] he-goat. I might think that the seven lambs and the goat mentioned here are the same seven lambs and the goat mentioned in the Book of Numbers. 8 However when you come to the bulls and the rams, you see that they are not the same. Consequently, you must say that these are distinct sacrifices and those constitute other, distinct sacrifices; these are offered on account of the bread, and those as additional offerings.   וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם שְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּים.  יָכוֹל שִׁבְעַת הַכְּבָשִׂים וְהַשָּׂעִיר הָאֲמוּרִים כָּאן הֵם ז' הַכְּבָשִׂים וְהַשָּׂעִיר הָאֲמוּרִים בְּחֻמַּשׁ הַפְּקוּדִים, כְּשֶׁאַתָּה מַגִּיעַ אֵצֶל פָּרִים וְאֵילִים אֵינָן הֵם, אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן — אֵלּוּ קָרְבוּ בִּגְלַל הַלֶּחֶם וְאֵלּוּ לַמּוּסָפִין (שם):
20The priest must wave them together with the first-offering bread as a wave-offering before God—specifically, the two lambs. They will be holy to God, given to the priest.   כוְהֵנִ֣יף הַכֹּהֵ֣ן | אֹתָ֡ם עַל֩ לֶ֨חֶם הַבִּכֻּרִ֤ים תְּנוּפָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י כְּבָשִׂ֑ים קֹ֛דֶשׁ יִֽהְי֥וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵֽן:
וְהֵנִיף הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם תְּנוּפָה - The priest must wave them…as a wave-offering. This teaches us that they require waving while still alive. I might think that this applies to all these sacrifices; Scripture therefore states: עַל שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים (lit.) “next to the two lambs.”   וְהֵנִיף הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם תְּנוּפָה.  מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטְּעוּנִין תְּנוּפָה חַיִּים, יָכוֹל כֻּלָּם, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "עַל שְׁנֵי כְבָשִֹים" (עי' מנחות ס"ב):
קֹדֶשׁ יִֽהְיוּ - They will be holy. Since peace-offerings of individuals are sacrifices of lesser holiness, it was necessary to state regarding communal peace-offerings that they are sacrifices of superior holiness.   קֹדֶשׁ יִֽהְיוּ.  לְפִי שֶׁשַּׁלְמֵי יָחִיד קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, הֻזְקַק לוֹמַר בְּשַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר שֶׁהֵן קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים:
21You must designate this very day as a holy occasion which you must celebrate and on which you must not perform any mundane work. This is an eternal rule in all your dwelling places and throughout all your generations.   כאוּקְרָאתֶ֞ם בְּעֶ֣צֶם | הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם בְּכָל־מֽוֹשְׁבֹ֥תֵיכֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם:
22When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not fully reap the corner of your field during your harvesting, nor may you gather up the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave these for the poor person and for the convert; I am God, your God.’”   כבוּבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞ם אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֗ם לֹֽא־תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְךָ֙ בְּקֻצְרֶ֔ךָ וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם:
וּבְקֻצְרְכֶם - When you reap. Scripture repeats these commandments here to indicate that one who fails to observe them transgresses two negative commandments. Rabbi Avardimas son of Rabbi Yosei said: Why did Scripture see fit to place this repetition in the middle of the festivals: Passover and Atzeret (Shavu’ot) on one side, and Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and the Festival (Sukkot) on the other? To teach you that whoever gives gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the corner of the field to the poor properly is considered as if he built the Temple and offered up his sacrifices there.   וּבְקֻצְרְכֶם.  חָזַר וְשָׁנָה, לַעֲבֹר עֲלֵיהֶם בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוין; אָמַר ר' אַבְדִּימֵי בְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵף, מָה רָאָה הַכָּתוּב לִתְּנָהּ בְאֶמְצַע הָרְגָלִים — פֶּסַח וַעֲצֶרֶת מִכָּאן וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וְחַג מִכָּאן — ? לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל הַנּוֹתֵן לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה לֶעָנִי כָּרָאוּי, מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ בָּנָה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְהִקְרִיב קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו בְּתוֹכוֹ (ספרא):
תַּֽעֲזֹב - You must leave - in this context, this phrase indicates the absolute relinquishment of these gifts: leave them in front of them so they may gather them themselves, but you must not help any of them.   תַּֽעֲזֹב.  הַנַּח לִפְנֵיהֶם וְהֵם יִלְקְטוּ, וְאֵין לְךָ לְסַיֵּעַ לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם (פאה פ"ה):
אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם - I am God, your God - trustworthy to pay reward.   אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם.  נֶאֱמָן לְשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר: