Vayikra (Leviticus) Chapter 10

12Moses spoke as follows to Aaron and his surviving sons, Eleazar and Itamar: “Take the portions of the grain-offerings left over after their memorial portions were burned up as God’s fire-offerings and eat them as unleavened loaves near the Altar, for they are sacrifices of superior holiness.   יבוַיְדַבֵּ֨ר משֶׁ֜ה אֶל־אַֽהֲרֹ֗ן וְאֶ֣ל אֶ֠לְעָזָ֠ר וְאֶל־אִ֨יתָמָ֥ר | בָּנָיו֘ הַנּֽוֹתָרִים֒ קְח֣וּ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָ֗ה הַנּוֹתֶ֨רֶת֙ מֵֽאִשֵּׁ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה וְאִכְל֥וּהָ מַצּ֖וֹת אֵ֣צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא:
הַנּֽוֹתָרִים - Surviving - from death. This teaches us that they had also been sentenced to die for the sin of the Golden Calf. This is what it says: “God was extremely furious with Aaron, threatening to destroy him (לְהַשְׁמִידוֹ),” 1 and the term הַשְׁמָדָה “destruction” refers specifically to the eradication of offspring, as it says: “I destroyed (וָאַשְׁמִיד) his fruit from above,” 2 but the prayer of Moses commuted the sentence by half, as it says: “so I prayed also for Aaron at that time.”   הַנּֽוֹתָרִים.  מִן הַמִּיתָה, מְלַמֵּד שֶׁאַף עֲלֵיהֶן נִקְנְסָה מִיתָה עַל עֲוֹן הָעֵגֶל, הוּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ט'), וּבְאַהֲרֹן הִתְאַנַּף ה' מְאֹד לְהַשְׁמִידוֹ, וְאֵין הַשְׁמָדָה אֶלָּא כִלּוּי בָּנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עמוס ב'), וָאַשְׁמִיד פִּרְיוֹ מִמַּעַל, וּתְפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה בִּטְּלָה מֶחֱצָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ט'), וָאֶתְפַּלֵּל גַּם בְּעַד אַהֲרֹן בָּעֵת הַהִיא:
קְחוּ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה - Take the grain-offerings - even though you are onenim (mourners on the day of death) and ordinarily sacrifices are forbidden for an onen to eat.   קְחוּ אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה.  אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאַתֶּם אוֹנְנִין וְקָדָשִׁים אֲסוּרִים לְאוֹנֵן:
אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה - The grain-offerings. This refers to the grain-offering of the eighth day of installation and the grain-offering donated by Nachshon for the Altar’s dedication.   אֶת־הַמִּנְחָה.  זוֹ מִנְחַת שְׁמִינִי וּמִנְחַת נַחְשׁוֹן (ספרא):
וְאִכְלוּהָ מַצּוֹת - And eat them as unleavened loaves. Why does Scripture need to state this? The answer is that since the grain-offering of the eighth day is a communal grain-offering and a one-time grain-offering, and had no equivalent in offerings of future generations, I would have thought that it is different from other grain-offerings. It was therefore necessary to explicitly apply to it the same rule as other grain-offerings.   וְאִכְלוּהָ מַצּוֹת.  מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר? לְפִי שֶׁהִיא מִנְחַת צִבּוּר וּמִנְחַת שָׁעָה וְאֵין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ לְדּוֹרוֹת, הֻצְרַךְ לְפָרֵשׁ בָּהּ דִּין שְׁאָר מְנָחוֹת (שם):
13You must eat them in a holy place because they are your portion and your sons’ portion from God’s fire-offerings, for so have I been commanded by God.   יגוַֽאֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֹתָהּ֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם קָד֔וֹשׁ כִּ֣י חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ הִ֔וא מֵֽאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהֹוָ֑ה כִּי־כֵ֖ן צֻוֵּֽיתִי:
וְחָק־בָּנֶיךָ - And your sons’ portion - but daughters do not have a portion in sacrifices.   וְחָק־בָּנֶיךָ.  אֵין לַבָּנוֹת חֹק בַּקֳּדָשִׁים (שם):
כִּי כֵן צֻוֵּֽיתִי - For so have I been commanded - that they must eat it although they are onenim, their relative having died today.   כִּי כֵן צֻוֵּֽיתִי.  בַּאֲנִינוּת יֹאכְלוּהָ (שם; זבחים ק"א):
14You must eat the breast used as the wave-offering and the right hind midleg used as the raised-offering in a ritually undefiled place, you together with your sons and your daughters, for they have been given as your portion and your sons’ portion from the peace-promoting feast-offerings of the Israelites.   ידוְאֵת֩ חֲזֵ֨ה הַתְּנוּפָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת | שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה תֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ בְּמָק֣וֹם טָה֔וֹר אַתָּ֕ה וּבָנֶ֥יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ אִתָּ֑ךְ כִּֽי־חָקְךָ֤ וְחָק־בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ נִתְּנ֔וּ מִזִּבְחֵ֥י שַׁלְמֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
וְאֵת חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה - The breast used as the wave-offering - of the communal peace-offering.   וְאֵת חֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה.  שֶׁל שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר.
תֹּֽאכְלוּ בְּמָקוֹם טָהוֹר - You must eat…in a ritually undefiled place. Does this imply that they ate the previously mentioned ones in a defiled place?! Rather, the implication is that the previously mentioned ones, which are sacrifices of superior holiness (קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים), must be eaten in a holy place, but these need not be eaten within the crocheted nettings of the Courtyard, but they must be eaten within the Israelite camp that is pure in that tzara’at-affected people may not enter there. From here we learn that sacrifices of lesser holiness (קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים) may be eaten throughout the city of Jerusalem.   תֹּֽאכְלוּ בְּמָקוֹם טָהוֹר.  וְכִי אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנִים אָכְלוּ בְּמָקוֹם טָמֵא? אֶלָּא הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שֶׁהֵם קָדְשֵׁי קֳדָשִׁים הֻזְקְקָה אֲכִילָתָם בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ, אֲבָל אֵלּוּ אֵין צְרִיכִים תּוֹךְ הַקְּלָעִים אֲבָל צְרִיכִים הֵם לֵאָכֵל תּוֹךְ מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא טָהוֹר מִלִּכָּנֵס שָׁם מְצֹרָעִים; מִכָּאן שֶׁקָּדָשִׁים קַלִּים נֶאֱכָלִין בְּכָל הָעִיר (שם נ"ה):
אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ - You [together with] your sons and daughters. You and your sons receive a portion, but your daughters do not receive a portion, but if you give them gifts from your portion, they may eat of the breast and thigh of peace-offerings. Or perhaps it means nothing else but that the daughters also receive a portion in their own right? Scripture therefore states: “for they have been given as your portion and your sons’ portion,” implying that only sons have portions, but daughters do not have portions.   אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ וּבְנֹתֶיךָ.  אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ בְּחֵלֶק אֲבָל בְּנוֹתֶיךָ לֹא בְחֵלֶק, אֶלָּא אִם תִּתְּנוּ לָהֶם מַתָּנוֹת רַשָּׁאוֹת הֵן לֶאֱכֹל בְּחָזֶה וְשׁוֹק, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא אַף הַבָּנוֹת בְּחֵלֶק? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר כִּי חָקְךָ וְחָק בָּנֶיךָ נִתְּנוּ — חֹק לַבָּנִים וְאֵין חֹק לַבָּנוֹת (ספרא):
15The priests must bring the hind midleg used as the raised-offering and the breast used as the wave-offering placed on top of the fats used as fire-offerings in order to wave them as a wave-offering before God. It will belong to you and to your sons with you as an eternal entitlement, as God has commanded.”   טושׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֞ה וַֽחֲזֵ֣ה הַתְּנוּפָ֗ה עַ֣ל אִשֵּׁ֤י הַֽחֲלָבִים֙ יָבִ֔יאוּ לְהָנִ֥יף תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה וְהָיָ֨ה לְךָ֜ וּלְבָנֶ֤יךָ אִתְּךָ֙ לְחָק־עוֹלָ֔ם כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָֽה:
שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה וַֽחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה - The hind midleg used as the raised-offering and the breast used as the wave-offering. These terms mean the same as in the verse: אֲשֶׁר הוּנַף וַאֲשֶׁר הוּרָם “that were waved and raised.” 3 Waving is done by moving the portions forward and backward, and raising is done by moving them upward and downward. As to why Scripture divides them, assigning raising to the hind midleg and waving to the breast, we do not know, for both of them were in fact raised and waved.   שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה וַֽחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה.  לשון אשר הונף ואשר הורם. תנופה מוליך ומביא, תרומה מעלה ומוריד. ולמה חלקן הכתוב, תרומה בשוק ותנופה בחזה, לא ידענו, ששניהם בהרמה והנפה:
עַל אִשֵּׁי הַֽחֲלָבִים - On top of the fats used as fire-offerings. From here we learn that the fats must be under the breast and thigh while being waved. As for the explanation of the related verses so that they do not contradict each other, I have already explained the three of them in parashat Tzav et Aharon. 4   עַל אִשֵּׁי הַֽחֲלָבִים.  מִכָּאן שֶׁהַחֲלָבִים לְמַטָּה בִּשְׁעַת תְּנוּפָה, וְיִשּׁוּב הַמִּקְרָאוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יַכְחִישׁוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי אֶת שְׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּצַו אֶת אַהֲרֹן: