| 11And this is the law of the peace offering, which he shall bring to the Lord. |
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יאוְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| 12If he is bringing it as a thanksgiving offering, he shall offer, along with the thanksgiving offering unleavened loaves mixed with oil, unleavened wafers anointed with oil, and scalded flour mixed with oil. |
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יבאִ֣ם עַל־תּוֹדָה֘ יַקְרִיבֶ֒נּוּ֒ וְהִקְרִ֣יב | עַל־זֶ֣בַח הַתּוֹדָ֗ה חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּשָּֽׁמֶן: |
| If he is bringing it as a thanksgiving-offering: i.e., if [he is bringing the offering] to give thanks [to God] for a miracle that had happened to him, for instance, those who made a sea-voyage [and returned safely] or journeyed in the desert, or those who had been imprisoned [and were subsequently released], or a sick person who recovered. All these are required to give thanks [to God], for regarding them, it is written, “They shall give thanks to the Lord for His kindness and for his wonders to the children of men. And they shall slaughter sacrifices of thanksgiving” (Ps. 107:2122). If on account of one of these one vowed [to bring] these peace-offerings, then they are שַׁלְמֵי תּוֹדָה “thanksgiving peace-offerings,” which require the [accompanying offering of] bread, mentioned in this passage, and they may be eaten only on the day [that they were offered] and the night [that follows], as is specified here. |
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אִם עַל־תּוֹדָה יַקְרִיבֶנּוּ:
אִם עַל דְּבַר הוֹדָאָה עַל נֵס שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה לוֹ, כְּגוֹן יוֹרְדֵי הַיָּם וְהוֹלְכֵי מִדְבָּרוֹת וַחֲבוּשֵׁי בֵּית הָאֲסוּרִים וְחוֹלֶה שֶׁנִּתְרַפֵּא — שֶׁהֵן צְרִיכִין לְהוֹדוֹת, שֶׁכָּתוּב בָּהֶן יוֹדוּ לַה' חַסְדּוֹ וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו לִבְנֵי אָדָם וְיִזְבְּחוּ זִבְחֵי תוֹדָה (תהילים ק"ז) — אִם עַל אַחַת מֵאֵלֶּה נָדַר שְׁלָמִים הַלָּלוּ, שַׁלְמֵי תּוֹדָה הֵן, וּטְעוּנוֹת לֶחֶם הָאָמוּר בָּעִנְיָן, וְאֵין נֶאֱכָלִין אֶלָּא לְיוֹם וְלַיְלָה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ כָּאן:
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| he shall offer, along with the thanksgiving-offering: four kinds of bread: חַלּוֹת, loaves, רְקִיקִין, wafers, רְבוּכָה, scalded loaves, [which are] three types of unleavened bread (מַצָּה,) and it is written, “with leavened loaves.” Each kind consists of ten loaves. Thus it is explained in [Tractate] Men. (77b). And the total volume [of all of the accompanying bread] amounted to five Jerusalem se’ah [where one Jerusalem se’ah equals two-fifths of an ephah], which is equivalent to six se’ah by desert standard [where one se’ah by desert standard, smaller than the Jerusalem measure, equals one-third of an ephah , because all of the loaves comprised a volume of] twenty tenths [of an ephah] (Men. 76b-77a). [Now, each leavened loaf comprised a volume of one-tenth of an ephah . Thus, since there were ten of these loaves, as above, the total leavened volume came to one ephah . The unleavened volume, i.e., the total volume of all the other three kinds of unleavened loaves, also equaled one ephah . Hence, the total volume of the accompanying bread was twenty tenths of an ephah, i.e., two ephoth.] |
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וְהִקְרִיב עַל־זֶבַח הַתּוֹדָה:
אַרְבָּעָה מִינֵי לֶחֶם — חַלּוֹת וּרְקִיקִין וּרְבוּכָה, שְׁלוֹשָׁה מִינֵי מַצָּה, וּכְתִיב עַל חַלֹּת לֶחֶם חָמֵץ וְגוֹ'; וְכָל מִין וָמִין עֶשֶׂר חַלּוֹת, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּמְנָחוֹת, וְשִׁעוּרָן חָמֵשׁ סְאִין יְרוּשַׁלְמִיּוֹת, שֶׁהֵן ו' מִדְבָּרִיּוֹת, כ' עִשָּׂרוֹן (מנחות ע"ו):
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| scalded flour: means: Bread [made from dough that is] thoroughly scalded by boiling water. |
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מֻרְבֶּכֶת:
לֶחֶם חָלוּט בְּרוֹתְחִין כָּל צָרְכּוֹ:
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| 13Along with loaves of leavened bread, he shall bring his offering along with his thanksgiving peace offering. |
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יגעַל־חַלֹּת֙ לֶ֣חֶם חָמֵ֔ץ יַקְרִ֖יב קָרְבָּנ֑וֹ עַל־זֶ֖בַח תּוֹדַ֥ת שְׁלָמָֽיו: |
| he shall… bring his offering…along with his thanksgiving peace-offering: [Scripture, in addition to verse 12, repeats the link between the accompanying bread and the sacrifice itself.] [This] tells [us]: This bread does not acquire intrinsic holiness that it should become invalid if taken out [of the Holy precincts], or if it comes into contact with a טְבוּל יוֹם [a person who has immersed for his uncleanness, but for whom the sun has not yet set to effect his cleanness], and that it cannot be redeemed to become non-consecrated-until the sacrifice [i.e., until the thanksgiving peace-offering it accompanies] is slaughtered. — [Men. 78b] |
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יַקְרִיב קָרְבָּנוֹ עַל־זֶבַח:
מַגִּיד שֶׁאֵין הַלֶּחֶם קָדוֹשׁ קְדֻשַּׁת הַגּוּף — לִפָּסֵל בְּיוֹצֵא וּטְבוּל יוֹם וּמִלָּצֵאת לְחֻלִּין בְּפִדְיוֹן — עַד שֶׁיִּשָּׁחֵט הַזֶּבַח (ספרא):
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| 14And he shall bring from it one out of each offering, as a separation for the Lord; the kohen who dashes the blood of the peace offering it shall be his. |
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ידוְהִקְרִ֨יב מִמֶּ֤נּוּ אֶחָד֙ מִכָּל־קָרְבָּ֔ן תְּרוּמָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה לַכֹּהֵ֗ן הַזֹּרֵ֛ק אֶת־דַּ֥ם הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים ל֥וֹ יִֽהְיֶֽה: |
| one out of each offering: One loaf out of each kind. He shall take these as a תְּרוּמָה, a separation for the kohen officiating at his sacrifice. The rest [of the sacrifice] is eaten by the owner with the exception of the breast and the thigh, as the waving of the breast and the thigh of peace-offerings is delineated below (see verse 34), and a thanksgiving-offering is called a peace-offering [and consequently, we apply the laws of a peace-offering to it]. — [Zev. 4a] |
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אֶחָד מִכָּל־קָרְבָּן:
לֶחֶם אֶחָד מִכָּל מִין וָמִין יִטֹּל תְּרוּמָה לַכֹּהֵן הָעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְהַשְּׁאָר נֶאֱכָל לַבְּעָלִים (מנחות ע"ז); וּבָשָׂר לַבְּעָלִים חוּץ מֵחָזֶה וְשׁוֹק שֶׁבָּהּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ לְמַטָּה תְּנוּפַת חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק בִּשְׁלָמִים, וְהַתּוֹדָה קְרוּיָה שְׁלָמִים:
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| 15And the flesh of his thanksgiving peace offering shall be eaten on the day it is offered up; he shall not leave any of it over until morning. |
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טווּבְשַׂ֗ר זֶ֚בַח תּוֹדַ֣ת שְׁלָמָ֔יו בְּי֥וֹם קָרְבָּנ֖וֹ יֵֽאָכֵ֑ל לֹֽא־יַנִּ֥יחַ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר: |
| And the flesh of his thanksgiving peace-offering: [The verse could have said, “And its flesh.” Consequently,] there are many inclusions here, namely: to include the sin-offering, the guilt-offering, the ram of the nazarite, the חֲגִיגָה, festival-offering of the fourteenth day [of Nissan, i.e., the eve of Passover]-that they all may be eaten only on the day [they were offered up] and the [following] night. — [Torath Kohanim 7:112] |
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וּבְשַׂר זֶבַח תּוֹדַת שְׁלָמָיו:
יֵשׁ כָּאן רִבּוּיִין הַרְבֵּה, לְרַבּוֹת חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם וְאֵיל נָזִיר וַחֲגִיגַת אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר שֶׁיִּהְיוּ נֶאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם וְלַיְלָה (ספרא):
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| shall be eaten on the day it is offered up: and like the time limit for eating its flesh, so is the time limit for its bread. - [Torath Kohanim 7:112] |
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בְּיוֹם קָרְבָּנוֹ יֵֽאָכֵל:
וְכִזְמַן בְּשָׂרָהּ זְמַן לַחְמָהּ:
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| he shall not leave any of it over until morning: He may, however, eat it during the entire night. If so, why did [our Sages] say that [it may be eaten only] until midnight? In order to distance people from a transgression [to ensure that people stay far away from the limit decreed by the Torah and do not eat if after dawn]. — [Ber. 2a] |
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לֹֽא־יַנִּיחַ מִמֶּנּוּ עַד־בֹּֽקֶר:
אֲבָל אוֹכֵל הוּא כָּל הַלַּיְלָה, אִם כֵּן לָמָּה אָמְרוּ עַד חֲצוֹת? כְּדֵי לְהַרְחִיק אָדָם מִן הָעֲבֵרָה (שם):
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| 16But if his sacrifice is a vow or a voluntary donation, on the day he offers up his sacrifice it may be eaten, and on the next day, whatever is left over from it, may be eaten. |
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טזוְאִם־נֶ֣דֶר | א֣וֹ נְדָבָ֗ה זֶ֚בַח קָרְבָּנ֔וֹ בְּי֛וֹם הַקְרִיב֥וֹ אֶת־זִבְח֖וֹ יֵֽאָכֵ֑ל וּמִמָּ֣חֳרָ֔ת וְהַנּוֹתָ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יֵֽאָכֵֽל: |
| But if [his sacrifice] is a vow or a voluntary donation: that he did not bring it to give thanks for a miracle, it does not require bread, and it may be eaten for two days [namely, the day of offering and the following day], as is delineated in this section. |
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וְאִם־נֶדֶר אוֹ נְדָבָה:
שֶׁלֹּא הֱבִיאָהּ עַל הוֹדָאָה שֶׁל נֵס, אֵינָהּ טְעוּנָה לֶחֶם, וְנֶאֱכֶלֶת לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בָּעִנְיָן:
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| and on the next day, whatever is left over from it: on the first day, may be eaten. [The Hebrew is וְהַנּוֹתָר, lit. and whatever is left over.] This vav [which prefixes the word וְהַנּוֹתָר] is superfluous [and the word is to be understood as though it said, הַנּוֹתָר]. There are many similar examples [of extra vavs] in Scripture, e.g., “And these are the sons of Zibe’on: Aiah (וְאַיֶָּה) and Anah” (Gen. 36:24); “ permitting the Sanctuary (וְקֹדֶשׁ) and the host to be trampled” (Dan. 8:13). |
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וּמִמָּחֳרָת וְהַנּוֹתָר מִמֶּנּוּ:
בָּרִאשׁוֹן יאכל. וי"ו זוֹ יְתֵרָה הִיא, וְיֵשׁ כָּמוֹהָ הַרְבֵּה בַּמִּקְרָא, כְּגוֹן וְאֵלֶה בְנֵי צִבְעוֹן וְאַיָּה וַעֲנָה (בראשית ל"ו), תֵּת וְקֹדֶשׁ וְצָבָא מִרְמָס (דניאל ח'):
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| 17However, whatever is left over from the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day, shall be burnt in fire. |
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יזוְהַנּוֹתָ֖ר מִבְּשַׂ֣ר הַזָּ֑בַח בַּיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֔י בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵֽף: |
| 18And if any of the flesh of his peace offering is to be eaten on the third day, it shall not be accepted; it shall not count for the one who offers it; [rather,] it shall be rejected, and the person who eats of it shall bear his sin. |
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יחוְאִ֣ם הֵֽאָכֹ֣ל יֵֽ֠אָכֵ֠ל מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֨בַח שְׁלָמָ֜יו בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֘ לֹ֣א יֵֽרָצֶה֒ הַמַּקְרִ֣יב אֹת֗וֹ לֹ֧א יֵֽחָשֵׁ֛ב ל֖וֹ פִּגּ֣וּל יִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְהַנֶּ֛פֶשׁ הָֽאֹכֶ֥לֶת מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עֲוֹנָ֥הּ תִּשָּֽׂא: |
| And…is to be eaten: Scripture is referring to someone who, at the time of slaughtering [the sacrifice], intends to eat it on the third day [in which case the sacrifice becomes invalid]. Now, one might think, however, that [the Torah means that the sacrifice does not become invalid because of intention, but] if one eats of it on the third day, that it would become invalid retroactively [as the verse literally means]. Scripture, therefore, says, הַמַּקְרִיב אוֹתוֹ לֹא יֵחָשֵׁב, meaning that it is invalidated only at the time of sacrificing it [i.e., slaughtering], and not on the third day. [Torath Kohanim 7:118] Hence, its explanation [of the verse] is as follows: At the time of sacrificing [slaughtering] the offering, this [intention] shall not enter one’s thoughts, and if one had this intention [at the time of slaughtering], it shall be rejected (פִּגּוּל). |
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וְאִם הֵֽאָכֹל יֵֽאָכֵל וגו':
בִּמְחַשֵּׁב בַּשְּׁחִיטָה לְאָכְלוֹ בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר; יָכוֹל אִם אָכַל מִמֶּנּוּ בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי יִפָּסֵל לְמַפְרֵעַ, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר הַמַּקְרִיב אֹתוֹ לֹא יֵחָשֵׁב — בִּשְׁעַת הַקְרָבָה הוּא נִפְסָל וְאֵינוֹ נִפְסָל בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי; וְכֵן פֵּרוּשׁוֹ: בִּשְׁעַת הַקְרָבָתוֹ לֹא תַּעֲלֶה זֹאת בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, וְאִם חִשֵּׁב פִּגּוּל יִהְיֶה (זבחים כ"ט):
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| and the person who eats of it: Even within the [normally permitted] time limit, “shall bear his sin.” |
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וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ הָֽאֹכֶלֶת מִמֶּנּוּ:
אֲפִלּוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַזְּמַן עונה תשא:
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| 19And the flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten. It shall be burned in fire. But regarding the flesh, anyone who is clean may eat [the] flesh. |
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יטוְהַבָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֤ע בְּכָל־טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵ֑ף וְהַ֨בָּשָׂ֔ר כָּל־טָה֖וֹר יֹאכַ֥ל בָּשָֽׂר: |
| And the flesh: of holy peace-offerings, “ that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten.” [This verse is not referring to piggul.] |
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וְהַבָּשָׂר:
שֶׁל קֹדֶשׁ שְׁלָמִים אשר יגע בכל טמא לא יאכל:
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| But regarding the flesh: Heb. וְהַבָָּשָׂר. [The word וְהַבָָּשָׂר, the second time it occurs in this verse, seems superfluous. However,] it comes to include a limb, part of which went outside [its prescribed boundaries, to inform us] that the inner part is permitted [to be eaten]. — [Torath Kohanim 7:128] |
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וְהַבָּשָׂר:
לְרַבּוֹת אֵבֶר שֶׁיָּצָא מִקְצָתוֹ — שֶׁהַפְּנִימִי מֻתָּר (ספרא):
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| anyone who is clean may eat [the] flesh: What is Scripture coming to teach here? Since Scripture says, “and the blood of your sacrifices shall be poured…and you shall eat the meat” (Deut. 12:27), one might think that only the owner may eat of the peace-offering, therefore, Scripture says here, “anyone who is clean may eat [the] flesh.” - [Torath Kohanim 7:30, 129] |
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כָּל־טָהוֹר יֵֽאָכֵל בָּשָֽׂר:
מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר? לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְדַם זְבָחֶיךָ יִשָּׁפֵךְ וְגוֹ' וְהַבָּשָֹר תֹּאכֵל (דברים י"ב), יָכוֹל לֹא יֹאכְלוּ שְׁלָמִים אֶלָּא הַבְּעָלִים, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר כָּל טָהוֹר יֹאכַל בָּשָֹר (ספרא):
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| anyone who is clean may eat [the] flesh: This means: All that I have forbidden you regarding a sin-offering and a guilt-offering, namely, that if they go outside the hangings [of the courtyard of the Tabernacle, or the boundaries of the Temple courtyard], they become prohibited as the verse says, “They shall eat it in the courtyard” (Lev. 6:9), concerning this flesh [of peace-offerings, which are קֳדָשִׁים קַלִּים, sacrifices with a lesser degree of holiness], I say to you, “Anyone who is clean may eat [the] flesh” even [outside the Temple courtyard,] throughout the entire city [of Jerusalem].) |
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וְהַבָּשָׂר כָּל־טָהוֹר יֵֽאָכֵל בָּשָֽׂר:
כְּלוֹמַר, כָּל מַה שֶּׁאָסַרְתִּי לְךָ בְּחַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם, שֶׁאִם יָצְאוּ חוּץ לַקְּלָעִים אֲסוּרִין — כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּחֲצַר אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד יֹאכְלוּהָ (ויקרא ו') — בְּבָשָׂר זֶה אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לְךָ כָּל טָהוֹר יֹאכַל בָּשָׂר אֲפִלּוּ בְּכָל הָעִיר):
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| 20A person who eats the flesh of a peace-offering of the Lord, while his uncleanness is upon him, that soul shall be cut off from its people. |
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כוְהַנֶּ֜פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֗ר מִזֶּ֤בַח הַשְּׁלָמִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה וְטֻמְאָת֖וֹ עָלָ֑יו וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ: |
| while his uncleanness is upon him: Scripture is referring to uncleanness of the body. [I.e., an unclean person who eats from the holy peace-offering, in which case, he incurs excision]. [Torath Kohanim 7:131] However, one who is clean, who eats the unclean flesh [of a peace-offering], is not punished with excision; nevertheless, he is punished for transgressing the Scriptural admonition [in the previous verse], “And the flesh that touches anything unclean, [shall not be eaten]. ” The admonition regarding an unclean person who eats clean flesh, however, is not written explicitly in the Torah, but our Sages derived this through a גְּזֵרָה שָׁוָה [an instance of similar wording. They had a tradition in certain Scriptural passages, that two common key words or expressions serve to link the laws of these seemingly unconnected passages. Here, the word טֻמְאָתוֹ appears in our verse and in Num. 19:13, and since the prohibition in Numbers has an admonition attached to it, so too, here, our prohibition is considered to have an admonition attached to it]. [Mak. 14b] Now, there are three mentions of the punishment of excision regarding persons who eat holy sacrificial meat, while their body is unclean [first, in Lev. 22:3, “Any man from among any of your offspring, who comes near the holy (sacrifices)…that soul shall be cut off,” where “comes near” means to eat (see Rashi there), and the second and third mentions are these verses (20 and 21).] Our Rabbis expounded on them in [Tractate] Shevuoth (7a), as follows: One of them is [needed to state] the general law; one of them is [needed to state] a particular case [namely, the peace-offering, in order to preclude the eating of certain clean foods that are not sacrificed on the altar, which do not have the punishment of excision]; and one of them is needed to teach us that the קָרְבָָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד [an ascending and descending sacrifice, namely an offering which has different options, an animal, birds, or flour, according to the ability of the one who brings it] that [when the verse says, “he incurs guilt” (Lev. 5:2), and may bring a קָרְבָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד Scripture is exclusively referring to the case [of a person in an unclean state, who] defiles the Sanctuary [i.e., enters it while in the unclean state], or [if he eats from] its holy sacrifices. |
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וְטֻמְאָתוֹ עָלָיו:
בְּטֻמְאַת הַגּוּף הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר, אֲבָל טָהוֹר שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּמֵא אֵינוֹ עָנוּשׁ כָּרֵת אֶלָּא אַזְהָרַת והבשר אשר יגע בכל טמא וגו'; וְאַזְהָרַת טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּהוֹר אֵינָהּ מְפֹרֶשֶׁת בַּתּוֹרָה, אֶלָּא חֲכָמִים לְמָדוּהָ בִּגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה; שָׁלוֹשׁ כָּרֵתוֹת אֲמוּרוֹת בְּאוֹכְלֵי קָדָשִׁים בְּטֻמְאַת הַגּוּף, וּדְרָשׁוּם רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בִּשְׁבוּעוֹת אַחַת לִכְלָל, וְאַחַת לִפְרָט, וְאַחַת לְלַמֵּד עַל קָרְבָּן עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא עַל טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו:
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| 21And a person who touches anything unclean, whether uncleanness from a human or an unclean animal [carcass] or any unclean [carcass of an] abominable creature, and then eats of the flesh of a peace offering to the Lord, that soul shall be cut off from its people. |
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כאוְנֶ֜פֶשׁ כִּֽי־תִגַּ֣ע בְּכָל־טָמֵ֗א בְּטֻמְאַ֤ת אָדָם֙ א֣וֹ | בִּבְהֵמָ֣ה טְמֵאָ֗ה א֚וֹ בְּכָל־שֶׁ֣קֶץ טָמֵ֔א וְאָכַ֛ל מִבְּשַׂר־זֶ֥בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ: |
| 22And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: |
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כבוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 23Speak to the Children of Israel, saying: You shall not eat any fat of an ox, sheep, or goat. |
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כגדַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כָּל־חֵ֜לֶב שׁ֥וֹר וְכֶ֛שֶׂב וָעֵ֖ז לֹ֥א תֹאכֵֽלוּ: |
| 24The fat of carrion and the fat of an animal with a fatal disease or injury, may be used for any work, but you shall not eat it. |
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כדוְחֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה יֵֽעָשֶׂ֖ה לְכָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה וְאָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹֽאכְלֻֽהוּ: |
| may be used for any work: [Scripture already permits the use of carrion (see Deut. 14:21); surely, the fats are included in the rest of the animal. So what is this verse teaching us?] It comes to teach us that the fat does not impart the uncleanness which is imparted by carrion [in general]. — [Torath Kohanim 7:139] |
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יֵֽעָשֶׂה לְכָל־מְלָאכָה:
בָּא וְלִמֵּד עַל הַחֵלֶב שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא טֻמְאַת נְבֵלוֹת:
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| however, you shall not eat it: [We already know that eating fat is prohibited (see Lev. 3: 17), and we also know that eating carrion and treifah is prohibited (see Deut. 14:21 and Exod. 22:30). So what is this verse teaching us? The answer is that] the Torah says: "The prohibition of carrion or treifah is superimposed upon the prohibition of fats insofar as if someone eats it, he is liable also for transgressing the prohibition of [eating] carrion [or eating treifah], and you do not say that one prohibition cannot be superimposed on another prohibition. - [Zev. 70a] |
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וְאָכֹל לֹא תֹֽאכְלֻֽהוּ:
אָמְרָה תּוֹרָה, יָבֹא אִסּוּר נְבֵלָה וּטְרֵפָה וְיָחוּל עַל אִסּוּר חֵלֶב, שֶׁאִם אֲכָלוֹ יִתְחַיֵּב אַף עַל לָאו שֶׁל נְבֵלָה, וְלֹא תֹּאמַר אֵין אִסּוּר חָל עַל אִסּוּר (זבחים ע'):
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| 25For anyone who eats fat of animals from which sacrifices are brought as fire offerings to the Lord, the soul who eats [it] shall be cut off from its people. |
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כהכִּ֚י כָּל־אֹכֵ֣ל חֵ֔לֶב מִן־הַ֨בְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֥יב מִמֶּ֛נָּה אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הָֽאֹכֶ֖לֶת מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ: |
| 26And you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwelling places, whether from birds or from animals. |
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כווְכָל־דָּם֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם לָע֖וֹף וְלַבְּהֵמָֽה: |
| in any of your dwelling places: Since this prohibition [of eating blood] is an obligation relevant to a person, rather than being dependent on land, it applies to all dwelling places [of the Jews, whether in Israel or outside of it]. [But one might think it obvious that since it is a personal obligation, it would apply anywhere, as is indeed the rule. So why should it be stated here?] In Tractate Kiddushin, chapter one (37b), it is explained why this is necessary to be stated. |
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בְּכֹל מֽוֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶם:
לְפִי שֶׁהִיא חוֹבַת הַגּוּף וְאֵינָהּ חוֹבַת קַרְקַע נוֹהֶגֶת בְּכָל מוֹשָׁבוֹת, וּבְמַסֶּכֶת קִדּוּשִׁין בְּפֶרֶק א' מְפֹרָשׁ לָמָּה הֻצְרַךְ לוֹמַר:
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| [And you shall not eat any blood…] whether from birds or from animals: Excluded [from this prohibition is] the blood of fish and locusts. — [Torath Kohanim 7:143] |
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לָעוֹף וְלַבְּהֵמָֽה:
פְּרָט לְדַם דָּגִים וַחֲגָבִים (כריתות כ'):
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| 27Any person who eats any blood, that soul shall be cut off from its people. |
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כזכָּל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאכַ֣ל כָּל־דָּ֑ם וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מֵֽעַמֶּֽיהָ: |
| 28And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: |
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כחוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר: |
| 29Speak to the Children of Israel, saying: Anyone who brings his peace offering to the Lord, shall bring his sacrifice to the Lord from his peace offering. |
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כטדַּבֵּ֛ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר הַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־זֶ֤בַח שְׁלָמָיו֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה יָבִ֧יא אֶת־קָרְבָּנ֛וֹ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה מִזֶּ֥בַח שְׁלָמָֽיו: |
| 30His own hands shall bring the fire offerings of the Lord. The fat, on the breast, he shall bring it, the breast, to wave it as a waving before the Lord. |
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ליָדָ֣יו תְּבִיאֶ֔ינָה אֵ֖ת אִשֵּׁ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה אֶת־הַחֵ֤לֶב עַל־הֶֽחָזֶה֙ יְבִיאֶ֔נּוּ אֵ֣ת הֶֽחָזֶ֗ה לְהָנִ֥יף אֹת֛וֹ תְּנוּפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה: |
| His own hands shall bring: That the owner’s hand should be above, with the fats and the breast placed in it, and the kohen’s hand should be beneath [it. With the portions arranged in this manner,] they wave them. — [Men. 61b] |
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יָדָיו תְּבִיאֶינָה וגו':
שֶׁתְּהֵא יַד הַבְּעָלִים מִלְּמַעְלָה, וְהַחֵלֶב וְהֶחָזוֹת נְתוּנִין בָּהּ, וְיַד כֹּהֵן מִלְּמַטָּה וּמְנִיפָן (מנחות ס"א):
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| the fire-offerings of the Lord: And what are the “fire-offerings” [referred to here]? They are “the fat…on the breast.” |
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אֵת אִשֵּׁי ה':
וּמָה הֵן הָאִשִּׁים?
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| he shall bring it: When he brings it from the slaughtering area, he places the fat on the breast, but when he gives it into the hand of the kohen who is to perform the waving, the breast is situated above and the fat below. This is what is mentioned elsewhere (10:15),“They shall bring the thigh of the elevated-offering and the breast as a wave-offering upon the fats of the fire-offerings, to wave.” After the waving, he gives it to the kohen who will burn it. The breast is now situated below [and the fats above]. This is what is stated (9:20), “And they placed the fats upon the breasts, and he caused to [go up in] smoke the fats on the altar.” We learn that three kohanim are required for it. Thus it is explained in Tractate Menachoth (62a). |
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אֵת הַחֵלֶב עַל־הֶֽחָזֶה יְבִיאֶנּוּ:
כְּשֶׁמְּבִיאוֹ מִבֵּית הַמִּטְבָּחַיִם נוֹתֵן חֵלֶב עַל הֶחָזֶה, וּכְשֶׁנּוֹתְנוֹ לְיַד הַכֹּהֵן הַמֵּנִיף נִמְצָא הֶחָזֶה לְמַעְלָה וְהַחֵלֶב לְמַטָּה, וְזֶהוּ הָאָמוּר בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר שׁוֹק הַתְּרוּמָה וַחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה עַל אִשֵּׁי הַחֲלָבִים יָבִיאוּ לְהָנִיף וְגוֹ' (ויקרא י'), וּלְאַחַר הַתְּנוּפָה נוֹתְנוֹ לַכֹּהֵן הַמַּקְטִיר, וְנִמְצָא הֶחָזֶה לְמַטָּה, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיָּשִֹימוּ אֶת הַחֲלָבִים עַל הֶחָזוֹת וַיַּקְטֵר הַחֲלָבִים הַמִּזְבֵּחָה (שם ט'), לִמְּדָנוּ שֶׁשְּׁלוֹשָׁה כֹּהֲנִים זְקוּקִין לָהּ, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּמְנָחוֹת:
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| The fat, on the breast, he shall bring it: Why is the breast brought? To wave it he brings it, but not that it should be part of the “fire-offerings.” Since it is stated: “the fire-offerings of the Lord. The fat, on the breast,” one might think that the breast is also included in the fire-offerings; therefore, the verse continues, “The breast to wave…” |
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אֵת הַחֵלֶב עַל־הֶֽחָזֶה יְבִיאֶנּוּ:
וְאֶת הֶחָזֶה לָמָּה מֵבִיא? לְהָנִיף אוֹתוֹ הוּא מְבִיאוֹ וְלֹא שֶׁיְּהֵא הוּא מֵהָאִשִּׁים: לְפִי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר את אשי ה' את החלב על החזה יָכוֹל שֶׁיְּהֵא אַף הֶחָזֶה לָאִשִּׁים, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר את החזה להניף וגו':
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| 31And the kohen shall cause the fat to [go up in] smoke on the altar, and the breast shall belong to Aaron and his sons. |
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לאוְהִקְטִ֧יר הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָה וְהָיָה֙ הֶֽחָזֶ֔ה לְאַֽהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָֽיו: |
| And the kohen will cause the fat to [go up in] smoke: and afterwards, the breast “shall belong to Aaron.” [Hence,] we learn that the meat [of the sacrifice] shall not be eaten while the sacrificial parts are [still] off the altar [i.e., before they have been burnt]. — [Torath Kohanim 7:151] |
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וְהִקְטִיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַחֵלֶב:
וְאֲחַר כַּךְ והיה החזה לאהרן, לִמְּדָנוּ שֶׁאֵין הַבָּשָׂר נֶאֱכָל בְּעוֹד שֶׁהָאֵמוּרִים לְמַטָּה מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ (ספרא):
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| 32And you shall give the right thigh as an elevation offering to the kohen, from your peace offering. |
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לבוְאֵת֙ שׁ֣וֹק הַיָּמִ֔ין תִּתְּנ֥וּ תְרוּמָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵ֑ן מִזִּבְחֵ֖י שַׁלְמֵיכֶֽם: |
| the right thigh: refers to [the part of the animal’s hind leg extending] from the אַרְכּוּבָה [knee-joint, the bone and the flesh of which are usually] sold together with the head, up till the middle joint [of the upper leg] which is called סֹבֶךְ שֶׁל רֶגֶל. [The animal’s leg has three sections to it; thus, the שׁוֹק is the middle of those three sections.] [Chul. 134b] |
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שׁוֹק:
מִן הַפֶּרֶק שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה הַנִּמְכֶּרֶת עִם הָרֹאשׁ עַד הַפֶּרֶק הָאֶמְצָעִי שֶׁהוּא סֹבֶךְ שֶׁל רֶגֶל (חולין קל"ד):
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| 33[Anyone] of the sons of Aaron who offers up the blood of the peace offering and the fat he shall have the right thigh as a portion. |
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לגהַמַּקְרִ֞יב אֶת־דַּ֧ם הַשְּׁלָמִ֛ים וְאֶת־הַחֵ֖לֶב מִבְּנֵ֣י אַֽהֲרֹ֑ן ל֧וֹ תִֽהְיֶ֛ה שׁ֥וֹק הַיָּמִ֖ין לְמָנָֽה: |
| who offers up the blood…: i.e., who is fit [to perform] the dashing of its blood and to burn its fats. Thus excluded from receiving a share in the meat [of the breast and thigh], is a kohen who is unclean at the time of the dashing of the blood or at the time of the burning of the fats. — [Torath Kohanim 7:153] |
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הַמַּקְרִיב אֶת־דַּם הַשְּׁלָמִים וגו':
מִי שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לִזְרִיקָתוֹ וּלְהַקְטִיר חֲלָבָיו, יָצָא טָמֵא בִּשְׁעַת זְרִיקַת דָּמִים אוֹ בִּשְׁעַת הֶקְטֵר חֲלָבִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ חוֹלֵק בַּבָּשָׂר (ספרא):
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| 34For I have taken the breast of the waving and the thigh of the elevation from the children of Israel, from their peace offerings, and I have given them to Aaron the kohen and to his sons as an eternal statute, from the children of Israel. |
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לדכִּי֩ אֶת־חֲזֵ֨ה הַתְּנוּפָ֜ה וְאֵ֣ת | שׁ֣וֹק הַתְּרוּמָ֗ה לָקַ֨חְתִּי֙ מֵאֵ֣ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִזִּבְחֵ֖י שַׁלְמֵיהֶ֑ם וָֽאֶתֵּ֣ן אֹ֠תָ֠ם לְאַֽהֲרֹ֨ן הַכֹּהֵ֤ן וּלְבָנָיו֙ לְחָק־עוֹלָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל: |
| waving…elevation: [The term תְּנוּפָה, waving, denotes a forward and backward motion, while the term תְּרוּמָה, elevation, denotes an upward and downward motion. Since both terms are used here, we learn that] the kohen would move them forward and backward, upward and downward. — [Torath Kohanim 7:150] |
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תנופה, תרומה:
מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד (מנחות ס"ב):
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| 35This is [the grant for] Aaron's anointment and his sons' anointment, from the fire offerings of the Lord, on the day that He brought them near, to be kohanim for the Lord. |
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להזֹ֣את מִשְׁחַ֤ת אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וּמִשְׁחַ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו מֵֽאִשֵּׁ֖י יְהֹוָ֑ה בְּיוֹם֙ הִקְרִ֣יב אֹתָ֔ם לְכַהֵ֖ן לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| 36Which the Lord commanded to give them on the day that He anointed them, from the children of Israel. [This is] an eternal statute for their generations. |
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לואֲשֶׁ֠ר צִוָּ֨ה יְהֹוָ֜ה לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֗ם בְּיוֹם֙ מָשְׁח֣וֹ אֹתָ֔ם מֵאֵ֖ת בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֖ם לְדֹֽרֹתָֽם: |
| 37This is the law for the burnt offering, for the meal offering, and for the sin offering, and for the guilt offering, and for the investitures, and for the peace offering, |
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לזזֹ֣את הַתּוֹרָ֗ה לָֽעֹלָה֙ לַמִּנְחָ֔ה וְלַֽחַטָּ֖את וְלָֽאָשָׁ֑ם וְלַ֨מִּלּוּאִ֔ים וּלְזֶ֖בַח הַשְּׁלָמִֽים: |
| and for the investitures: The day of the initiation into the kehunah. |
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וְלַמִּלּוּאִים:
לְיוֹם חִנּוּךְ הַכְּהֻנָּה:
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| 38which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day He commanded the children of Israel to offer up their sacrifices to the Lord in the Sinai Desert. |
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לחאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־משֶׁ֖ה בְּהַ֣ר סִינָ֑י בְּי֨וֹם צַוֹּת֜וֹ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַקְרִ֧יב אֶת־קָרְבְּנֵיהֶ֛ם לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי: |
