| 15You must make the planks for the Tabernacle out of acacia wood, placed vertically. |
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טווְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים עֹֽמְדִֽים: |
| וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁים - You must make the planks. It should have said: וְעָשִׂיתָ קְרָשִׁים “you must make planks,” in the same way stated regarding each of the other objects. What then does הַקְּרָשִׁים “the planks” signify? It means that the planks were to be from those that were set and designated for that purpose – for our father Jacob planted cedars in Egypt, and when he died, he instructed his sons to take them along with them when they would leave Egypt, saying to them: “The Holy One, blessed be He, will command you in the future to construct a Tabernacle in the desert from acacia wood, so see that they will be ready in your possession.” This is what Rabbi Shlomo HaBavli wrote in his piyut (liturgical poem): “The plant of those urged by their father Jacob grew rapidly to become the cedar planks of our House” – referring to the fact that they were urged to have them ready in their possession beforehand. |
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וְעָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁים.
הָיָה לוֹ לוֹמַר וְעָשִׂיתָ קְרָשִׁים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּכָל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, מַהוּ הַקְּרָשִׁים? מֵאוֹתָן הָעוֹמְדִין וּמְיֻחָדִין לְכָךְ; יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ נָטַע אֲרָזִים בְּמִצְרַיִם, וּכְשֶׁמֵּת צִוָּה לְבָנָיו לְהַעֲלוֹתָם עִמָּהֶם כְּשֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם, וְאָמַר לָהֶם שֶׁעָתִיד הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְצַוּוֹת אוֹתָן לַעֲשׂוֹת מִשְׁכָּן בַּמִּדְבָּר מֵעֲצֵי שִׁטִּים, רְאוּ שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מְזֻמָּנִים בְּיֶדְכֶם; הוּא שֶׁיִּסֵּד הַבַּבְלִי בַּפִּיּוּט שֶׁלּוֹ, "טָס מַטַּע מְזֹרָזִים קוֹרוֹת בָּתֵּינוּ אֲרָזִים", שֶׁנִּזְדָּרְזוּ לִהְיוֹת מוּכָנִים בְּיָדָם מִקֹּדֶם לָכֵן:
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| עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים עומדים - Acacia wood, placed vertically - “estantivs” in Old French, i.e., that the length of the planks be standing upright along the walls of the Tabernacle, but do not make the walls with planks lying horizontally, that the width of the planks form the height of the walls, one plank on top of another. |
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עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים עומדים.
איתשט"נביש בְּלַעַז; שֶׁיְּהֵא אֹרֶךְ הַקְּרָשִׁים זָקוּף לְמַעְלָה בְּקִירוֹת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה הַכְּתָלִים בִּקְרָשִׁים שׁוֹכְבִים, לִהְיוֹת רֹחַב הַקְּרָשִׁים לְגֹבַהּ הַכְּתָלִים קֶרֶשׁ עַל קֶרֶשׁ:
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| 16The length of each plank must be 10 cubits, and the width of each plank must be one-and-a-half cubits. |
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טזעֶ֥שֶׂר אַמּ֖וֹת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ וְאַמָּה֙ וַֽחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֔ה רֹ֖חַב הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָֽד: |
| עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת אֹרֶךְ הַקָּרֶשׁ - The length of each plank must be 10 cubits. From here we learn that the height of the Tabernacle was 10 cubits. |
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עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת אֹרֶךְ הַקָּרֶשׁ.
לָמַדְנוּ גָּבְהוֹ שֶׁל מִשְׁכָּן עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת:
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| וְאַמָּה וַֽחֲצִי הָֽאַמָּה רֹחַב - And the width…one-and-a-half cubits. From here we learn that the length of the Tabernacle, for the 20 planks that were on both the north and south sides running from east to west, was 30 cubits. |
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וְאַמָּה וַֽחֲצִי הָֽאַמָּה רֹחַב.
לָמַדְנוּ אָרְכּוֹ שֶׁל מִשְׁכָּן, לְעֶשְׂרִים קְרָשִׁים שֶׁיִּהְיוּ בַּצָּפוֹן וּבַדָּרוֹם מִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב, שְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה:
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| 17Whittle the bottom of each plank into two tenons parallel to each other; you must do likewise to all the planks of the Tabernacle. |
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יזשְׁתֵּ֣י יָד֗וֹת לַקֶּ֨רֶשׁ֙ הָאֶחָ֔ד מְשֻׁ֨לָּבֹ֔ת אִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־אֲחֹתָ֑הּ כֵּ֣ן תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל קַרְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן: |
| שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לַקֶּרֶשׁ הָאֶחָד - (lit.) Two tenons for each plank - i.e., he would carve out the middle part of the bottom of each plank to the height of one cubit, and leave a quarter of its width – i.e., of a cubit – on one side and a quarter of its width on the other, and these are the tenons; and the part carved out was half the width of the remaining portion of the plank – i.e., half a cubit – in the middle. These tenons were inserted into the bases, which were hollow. The bases were a cubit high and sat in a continuous line of 40, one next to the other. The tenons of the planks that were inserted into the hollow of the bases were carved also on the three other sides, the width of the shaved perimeter being equal to the thickness of the rim of the base, so that the plank cover the entire top of the base, for if not, there would be a gap between each plank equal to the thickness of the rims of the two bases, which would have separated them. And this is what it says: “They must be flush against each other at the bottom,” that the sides of the tenons be carved out so that the planks directly adjoin each other. |
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שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לַקֶּרֶשׁ הָאֶחָד.
הָיָה חוֹרֵץ אֶת הַקֶּרֶשׁ מִלְּמַטָּה בְּאֶמְצָעוֹ בְּגֹבַהּ אַמָּה, וּמַנִּיחַ רְבִיעַ רָחְבּוֹ מִכָּאן, וּרְבִיעַ רָחְבּוֹ מִכָּאן, וְהֵן הֵן הַיָּדוֹת, וְהֶחָרִיץ חֲצִי רֹחַב הַקֶּרֶשׁ בָּאֶמְצַע, וְאוֹתָן הַיָּדוֹת מַכְנִיס בָּאֲדָנִים שֶׁהָיוּ חֲלוּלִים, וְהָאֲדָנִים גָּבְהָן אַמָּה וְיוֹשְׁבִים רְצוּפִים אַרְבָּעִים זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה, וִידוֹת הַקֶּרֶשׁ הַנִּכְנָסוֹת בַּחֲלַל הָאֲדָנִים חֲרוּצוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה צִדֵּיהֶן – רֹחַב הֶחָרִיץ כְּעֹבִי שְׂפַת הָאֶדֶן – שֶׁיְּכַסֶּה הַקֶּרֶשׁ אֶת כָּל רֹאשׁ הָאֶדֶן, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן, נִמְצָא רֶוַח בֵּין קֶרֶשׁ לְקֶרֶשׁ כְּעֹבִי שְׂפַת שְׁנֵי הָאֲדָנִים, שֶׁיַּפְסִיקוּ בֵּינֵיהֶם, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְיִהְיוּ תֹאֲמִים מִלְּמַטָּה, שֶׁיַּחֲרֹץ אֶת צִדֵּי הַיָּדוֹת כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְחַבְּרוּ הַקְּרָשִׁים זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה:
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| מְשֻׁלָּבֹת - means: they were made like rungs of a ladder, separated from one another and whittled at their ends in order to fit into the hollow of the base, like a rung fits into the hole in the sides of a ladder. |
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מְשֻׁלָּבֹת.
עֲשׂוּיוֹת כְּמִין שְׁלִיבוֹת סֻלָּם, וּמֻבְדָּלוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ, וּמְשֻׁפִּין רָאשֵׁיהֶם לִכָּנֵס בְּתוֹךְ חֲלַל הָאֶדֶן כִּשְׁלִיבָה הַנִּכְנֶסֶת בְּנֶקֶב עַמּוּדֵי הַסֻּלָּם:
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| אִשָּׁה אֶל־אֲחֹתָהּ - means: corresponding to one another - that both tenons be carved out equally, with the same dimensions, so that the two tenons not be positioned one towards the inside and the other towards the outside within the width of the plank, which is one cubit. Onkelos translates יָדוֹת as צִירִין, since they resemble the hinges (צִירִים) of a door that fit into the holes of the threshold. |
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אִשָּׁה אֶל־אֲחֹתָהּ.
מְכֻוָּנוֹת זוֹ כְנֶגֶד זוֹ, שֶׁיִּהְיוּ חֲרִיצֵיהֶם שָׁוִים זוֹ כְמִדַּת זוֹ, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת זוֹ מְשׁוּכָה לְצַד פְּנִים וְזוֹ מְשׁוּכָה לְצַד חוּץ בְּעֹבִי הַקֶּרֶשׁ שֶׁהוּא אַמָּה, וְתַרְגּוּם שֶׁל יָדוֹת צִירִין, לְפִי שֶׁדּוֹמוֹת לְצִירֵי הַדֶּלֶת הַנִּכְנָסִים בְּחֹרֵי הַמִּפְתָּן:
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| 18You must make the planks for the Tabernacle: 20 planks for the southern side. |
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יחוְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים קֶ֔רֶשׁ לִפְאַ֖ת נֶ֥גְבָּה תֵימָֽנָה: |
| לִפְאַת נֶגְבָּה תֵימָֽנָה - The term פֵּאָה here does not mean “corner”; rather, the entire side is called פֵּאָה, as Onkelos translates it: לְרוּחַ עֵבַר דָּרוֹמָא – “for the south-facing side.” |
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לִפְאַת נֶגְבָּה תֵימָֽנָה.
אֵין פֵּאָה זוֹ לְשׁוֹן מִקְצוֹעַ, אֶלָּא כָּל הָרוּחַ קְרוּיָה פֵּאָה, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ: לְרוּחַ עֵבַר דָּרוֹמָא:
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| 19You must make 40 silver bases under the 20 planks, two bases under one plank to accommodate its two tenons, and two bases under each following plank to accommodate its two tenons. |
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יטוְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אַדְנֵי־כֶ֔סֶף תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֕ה תַּ֖חַת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָד֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔יו וּשְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽיו: |
| 20For the second side of the Tabernacle, to the north, there must be 20 planks |
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כוּלְצֶ֧לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית לִפְאַ֣ת צָפ֑וֹן עֶשְׂרִ֖ים קָֽרֶשׁ: |
| 21with their 40 silver bases: two bases under one plank, and two bases under each following plank. |
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כאוְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָֽד: |
| 22For the back of the Tabernacle, to the west, you must make six planks, |
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כבוּלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֥ה קְרָשִֽׁים: |
| וּלְיַרְכְּתֵי - A term for “end,” as Onkelos translates it: וְלִסְיָפֵי; and because the entrance was on the east side, the east side is called “the face” and the west side “the back,” meaning the end, for the front is the head, the beginning. |
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וּלְיַרְכְּתֵי.
לְשׁוֹן סוֹף, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְלִסְיָפֵי, וּלְפִי שֶׁהַפֶּתַח בַּמִּזְרָח, קָרוּי מִזְרָח פָּנִים וְהַמַּעֲרָב אֲחוֹרַיִם, וְזֶהוּ סוֹף, שֶׁהַפָּנִים הוּא הָרֹאשׁ:
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| תַּֽעֲשֶׂה שִׁשָּׁה קְרָשִֽׁים - You must make six planks. Thus making nine cubits for the width. |
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תַּֽעֲשֶׂה שִׁשָּׁה קְרָשִֽׁים.
הֲרֵי תֵשַׁע אַמּוֹת רֹחַב:
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| 23and you must make two planks for the back corners of the Tabernacle. |
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כגוּשְׁנֵ֤י קְרָשִׁים֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם: |
| וּשְׁנֵי קְרָשִׁים תַּֽעֲשֶׂה לִמְקֻצְעֹת - And you must make two planks for the corners - one for the northwest corner and the other for the southwest corner. All eight planks were in one line, except that these two were not entirely facing the inner space of the Tabernacle, but only half a cubit of one and half a cubit of the other were visible inside, completing the ten-cubit width of the Tabernacle on the inside, and the remaining cubit on each side sat against the cubit thickness of the planks of the north and south sides of the Tabernacle respectively, so that the corner from the outside would be even. |
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וּשְׁנֵי קְרָשִׁים תַּֽעֲשֶׂה לִמְקֻצְעֹת.
אֶחָד לְמִקְצוֹעַ צְפוֹנִית מַעֲרָבִית, וְאֶחָד לְמַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית, כָּל שְׁמֹנָה קְרָשִׁים בְּסֵדֶר אֶחָד הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵלּוּ הַשְּׁנַיִם אֵינָן בַּחֲלַל הַמִּשְׁכָּן אֶלָּא חֲצִי אַמָּה מִזּוֹ וַחֲצִי אַמָּה מִזּוֹ נִרְאוֹת בֶּחָלָל, לְהַשְׁלִים רָחְבּוֹ לְעֶשֶׂר, וְהָאַמָּה מִזֶּה וְהָאַמָּה מִזֶּה בָּאוֹת כְּנֶגֶד אַמַּת עֹבִי קַרְשֵׁי הַמִּשְׁכָּן הַצָּפוֹן וְהַדָּרוֹם, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא הַמִּקְצוֹעַ מִבַּחוּץ שָׁוֶה:
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| 24They must be flush against each other at the bottom. They must be flush against each other at the top with a band. This must also be done with the two planks on the two corners. |
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כדוְיִֽהְי֣וּ תֹֽאֲמִם֘ מִלְּמַ֒טָּה֒ וְיַחְדָּ֗ו יִֽהְי֤וּ תַמִּים֙ עַל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ אֶל־הַטַּבַּ֖עַת הָֽאֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֚ן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם לִשְׁנֵ֥י הַמִּקְצֹעֹ֖ת יִֽהְיֽוּ: |
| וְיִֽהְיוּ - And they – i.e., all the planks – “must be flush against each other at the bottom” - that the thickness of the rims of the two bases not separate between them by distancing one from the other. This is what I explained above, that the hinge-like tenons should be carved out on their sides so that the width of the plank protrude on its sides beyond the tenons of the plank in order to cover the rim of the base, and similarly for the adjoining plank, and thus the planks would be flush against each other. Likewise, each corner plank of the western row was carved out along its width in its thickness corresponding to the portion carved from the side of the adjacent planks of the northern and southern rows, so that the bases not separate between them. |
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וְיִֽהְיוּ.
כָּל הַקְּרָשִׁים תּוֹאֲמִים זֶה לָזֶה מִלְּמַטָּה, שֶׁלֹּא יַפְסִיק עֹבִי שְׂפַת שְׁנֵי הָאֲדָנִים בֵּינֵיהֶם לְהַרְחִיקָם זוֹ מִזּוֹ, זֶהוּ שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ צִירֵי הַיָּדוֹת חֲרוּצִים מִצִּדֵּיהֶן, שֶׁיְּהֵא רֹחַב הַקֶּרֶשׁ בּוֹלֵט לְצִדָּיו חוּץ לִידֵי הַקֶּרֶשׁ, לְכַסּוֹת אֶת שְׂפַת הָאֶדֶן, וְכֵן הַקֶּרֶשׁ שֶׁאֶצְלוֹ, וְנִמְצְאוּ תוֹאֲמִים זֶה לָזֶה; וְקֶרֶשׁ הַמִּקְצוֹעַ שֶׁבְּסֵדֶר הַמַּעֲרָב חָרוּץ לְרָחְבּוֹ בְּעָבְיוֹ כְּנֶגֶד חָרִיץ שֶׁל צַד קֶרֶשׁ הַצְּפוֹנִי וְהַדְּרוֹמִי, כְדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַפְרִידוּ הָאֲדָנִים בֵּינֵיהֶם:
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| וְיַחְדָּו יִֽהְיוּ תַמִּים - תַמִּים is the equivalent of תּוֹאֲמִים “parallel.” |
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וְיַחְדָּו יִֽהְיוּ תַמִּים.
כְּמוֹ תוֹאֲמִים:
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| עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ - At the top - of the plank. |
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עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ.
שֶׁל קֶרֶשׁ:
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| אֶל־הַטַּבַּעַת הָֽאֶחָת - With a band. Each plank had two notches carved out on top along its width, one on each of its two sides, each the thickness of a band, and he inserted it with the matching notch of the next plank into one ring, thus making it flush with the adjoining plank. However, I do not know if these rings were fixed or movable. And regarding the plank at each corner, a band was fitted onto the width of both the southernmost and the northernmost plank, and the top of each corner plank on the western row was inserted into each one respectively, thus resulting in the two walls on each side being joined. |
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אֶל־הַטַּבַּעַת הָֽאֶחָת.
כָּל קֶרֶשׁ וְקֶרֶשׁ הָיָה חָרוּץ מִלְמַעְלָה בְרָחְבּוֹ שְׁנֵי חֲרִיצִין, בִּשְׁנֵי צִדָּיו, כְּמוֹ עֹבִי טַבַּעַת, וּמַכְנִיסוֹ בְּטַבַּעַת אַחַת, נִמְצָא מַתְאִים לַקֶּרֶשׁ שֶׁאֶצְלוֹ, אֲבָל אוֹתָן טַבָּעוֹת לֹא יָדַעְתִּי אִם קְבוּעוֹת הֵן, אִם מְטֻלְטָלוֹת, וּבַקֶּרֶשׁ שֶׁבַּמִּקְצוֹעַ הָיְתָה טַבַּעַת בְּעֹבִי הַקֶּרֶשׁ הַדְּרוֹמִי וְהַצְּפוֹנִי, וְרֹאשׁ קֶרֶשׁ הַמִּקְצוֹעַ שֶׁבְּסֵדֶר מַעֲרָב נִכְנָס לְתוֹכוֹ, נִמְצְאוּ שְׁנֵי הַכְּתָלִים מְחֻבָּרִים:
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| כֵּן יִֽהְיֶה לִשְׁנֵיהֶם - (lit.) So must it be for the two of them - i.e., for the two corner planks – the plank at the end of the north side and the adjoining plank on the west side – and it must be the same on both corners. |
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כֵּן יִֽהְיֶה לִשְׁנֵיהֶם.
לִשְׁנֵי הַקְּרָשִׁים שֶׁבַּמִּקְצוֹעַ, לַקֶּרֶשׁ שֶׁבְּסוֹף צָפוֹן וְלַקֶּרֶשׁ הַמַּעֲרָבִי, וְכֵן לִשְׁנֵי הַמִּקְצוֹעוֹת:
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| 25Thus, on the west side, there will be a total of eight planks with their silver bases—16 bases in all: two bases under one plank, and two bases under each following plank. |
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כהוְהָיוּ֙ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה קְרָשִׁ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֲדָנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָֽד: |
| וְהָיוּ שְׁמֹנָה קְרָשִׁים - There will be eight planks. These are those mentioned above: “you must make six planks, and you must make two planks for the corners,” thus making a total of eight planks in the western row. The method of arranging the planks is stated in the mishnah of Melechet HaMishkan as follows: He made the bases hollow, and carved out each plank at the bottom, a quarter of a cubit on one side and a quarter on the other, and half the remaining portion carved out in the middle. He thus made two tenons resembling two חֲמוּקִין (feet) – but I think the correct reading is חֲוָקִין – i.e., like two rungs of a ladder separated one from another, and they were whittled so as to fit into the hollow of the base, like a rung that fits into the hole of the side of a ladder; and this is the meaning of the term מְשֻׁלָּבֹת, i.e., made like a rung (שְׁלִיבָה). He inserted them into two bases, as it says “two bases…and two bases.” He made notches in the plank on top, a fingerbreadth away from its edge on one side and a fingerbreadth on the other, and fitted them into a golden band so that the adjoining planks not be separated from each other, as it says: וְיִהְיוּ תֹאֲמִם מִלְּמַטָּה וגו׳ “They must be flush against each other at the bottom….” This is the mishnah, and its explanation I have set out above following the order of the verses. |
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וְהָיוּ שְׁמֹנָה קְרָשִׁים.
הֵן הָאֲמוּרוֹת לְמַעְלָה תַּעֲשֶׂה שִׁשָּׁה קְרָשִׁים וּשְׁנֵי קְרָשִׁים תַּעֲשֶׂה לִמְקֻצְעֹת, נִמְצְאוּ שְׁמֹנָה קְרָשִׁים בְּסֵדֶר מַעֲרָבִי; כָּךְ שְׁנוּיָה בַּמִּשְׁנָה מַעֲשֵׂה סֵדֶר הַקְּרָשִׁים בִּמְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן; הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה אֶת הָאֲדָנִים חֲלוּלִים וְחוֹרֵץ אֶת הַקֶּרֶשׁ מִלְּמַטָּה רְבִיעַ מִכָּאן וּרְבִיעַ מִכָּאן, וְהֶחָרִיץ חֶצְיוֹ בָּאֶמְצַע, וְעָשָׂה לוֹ שְׁתֵּי יָדוֹת כְּמִין שְׁנֵי חֲמוּקִין – וְלִי נִרְאֶה שֶׁהַגִּרְסָא כְּמִין שְׁנֵי חֲוָקִין, כְּמִין שְׁנֵי שְׁלִיבוֹת סֻלָּם הַמֻּבְדָּלוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ, וּמְשֻׁפּוֹת לִכָּנֵס בַּחֲלַל הָאֶדֶן כִּשְׁלִיבָה הַנִּכְנֶסֶת בְּנֶקֶב עַמּוּד הַסֻּלָּם, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן מְשֻׁלָּבוֹת, עֲשׂוּיוֹת כְּמִין שְׁלִיבָה – וּמַכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ שְׁנֵי אֲדָנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שְׁנֵי אֲדָנִים שְׁנֵי אֲדָנִים, וְחוֹרֵץ אֶת הַקֶּרֶשׁ מִלְמַעְלָה אֶצְבַּע מִכָּאן וְאֶצְבַּע מִכָּאן, וְנוֹתְנָן לְתוֹךְ טַבַּעַת אַחַת שֶׁל זָהָב כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ נִפְרָדִין זֶה מִזֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְיִהְיוּ תֹאֲמִים מִלְּמַטָּה וְגוֹ', כָּךְ הִיא הַמִּשְׁנָה, וְהַפֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁלָּהּ הִצַּעְתִּי לְמַעְלָה בְּסֵדֶר הַמִּקְרָאוֹת:
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| 26You must make crossbars out of acacia wood: five for the planks of one side of the Tabernacle, |
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כווְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בְרִיחִ֖ם עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חֲמִשָּׁ֕ה לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הָֽאֶחָֽד: |
| בְרִיחִם - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: עַבְרִין, and in Old French: “esparres” (“poles”). |
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בְרִיחִם.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ עַבְּרִין, וּבְלַעַז אשפ"ריש:
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| חֲמִשָּׁה לְקַרְשֵׁי צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּן - Five for the planks of [one] side of the Tabernacle.
These five were actually three, but the upper and lower crossbars were made of two pieces – one traversed half the length of the wall, and the other one traversed the other half of the wall; one was inserted into the rings from one end, and the other was inserted into the rings from the other end, until they reached each other. Thus the upper and lower crossbars were actually two made up of four. The middle one, however, was as long as the entire wall, extending from one end of the wall to the other, as it says: “The crossbar at the wall’s mid height…from one end of the Tabernacle to the other.”
The upper and lower crossbars had rings on the surface of the planks, into which they were inserted, two rings for each plank, arranged so that there be three points within the ten-cubit height of the plank – one part being from the top ring upwards and one part from the lower ring downwards, each part being a quarter of the length of the plank – i.e., two-and-a-half cubits – and two parts – five cubits – between the rings, in order that all the rings align exactly with one another. The middle crossbar, however, did not have rings; rather, the planks had holes drilled through their thickness and the crossbar passed through them by way of the holes that aligned with one another, and that is what it says: “into the planks.” The length of each of the upper and lower crossbars on the north and south sides was 15 cubits, and the middle one was 30 cubits long, which is “from one end to the other” – from east to west. As to the five crossbars on the west side – the length of the upper and lower ones were each six cubits, and the middle one was 12 cubits long, corresponding to the width of eight planks. So it is explained in Melechet HaMishkan.
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חֲמִשָּׁה לְקַרְשֵׁי צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּן.
אֵלּוּ חֲמִשָּׁה ג' הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַבְּרִיחַ הָעֶלְיוֹן וְהַתַּחְתּוֹן עָשׂוּי מִשְׁתֵּי חֲתִיכוֹת, זֶה מַבְרִיחַ עַד חֲצִי הַכֹּתֶל וְזֶה מַבְרִיחַ עַד חֲצִי הַכֹּתֶל, זֶה נִכְנָס בַּטַּבָּעוֹת מִצַּד זֶה, וְזֶה נִכְנָס בַּטַּבָּעוֹת מִצַּד זֶה, עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעִין זֶה לָזֶה, נִמְצָא שֶׁעֶלְיוֹן וְתַחְתּוֹן שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבָּעָה, אֲבָל הָאֶמְצָעִי אָרְכּוֹ כְּנֶגֶד כָּל הַכֹּתֶל, וּמַבְרִיחַ מִקְצֵה הַכֹּתֶל וְעַד קָצֵהוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וְהַבְּרִיחַ הַתִּיכֹן וְגוֹ' מַבְרִחַ מִן הַקָּצֶה אֶל הַקָּצֶה", הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים הָיוּ לָהֶן טַבָּעוֹת בַּקְּרָשִׁים לִכָּנֵס בְּתוֹכָן, שְׁתֵּי טַבָּעוֹת לְכָל קֶרֶשׁ מְשֻׁלָּשִׁים בְּתוֹךְ עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת שֶׁל גֹּבַהּ הַקֶּרֶשׁ – חֵלֶק אֶחָד מִן הַטַּבַּעַת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וּלְמַעְלָה, וְחֵלֶק אֶחָד מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה וּלְמַטָּה, וְכָל חֵלֶק הוּא רְבִיעַ אֹרֶךָ הַקֶּרֶשׁ, וּשְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים בֵּין טַבַּעַת לְטַבַּעַת כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיוּ כָל הַטַּבָּעוֹת מְכֻוָּנִים זוֹ כְּנֶגֶד זוֹ – אֲבָל לַבְּרִיחַ הַתִּיכוֹן אֵין טַבָּעוֹת, אֶלָּא הַקְּרָשִׁים נְקוּבִים בְּעָבְיָן, וְהוּא נִכְנָס בָּהֶם דֶּרֶךְ הַנְּקָבִים שֶׁהֵם מְכֻוָּנִין זֶה מוּל זֶה, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "בְּתוֹךְ" הַקְּרָשִׁים; הַבְּרִיחִים הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים שֶׁבַּצָּפוֹן וְשֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם אֹרֶךָ כָּל אֶחָד חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, וְהַתִּיכוֹן אָרְכּוֹ שְׁלֹשִׁים אַמָּה, וְזֶהוּ "מִן הַקָּצֶה אֶל הַקָּצֶה" – מִן הַמִּזְרָח וְעַד הַמַּעֲרָב – וַחֲמִשָּׁה בְרִיחִים שֶׁבַּמַּעֲרָב אֹרֶךְ הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים שֵׁשׁ אַמּוֹת, וְהַתִּיכוֹן אָרְכּוֹ שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה, כְּנֶגֶד רֹחַב שְׁמֹנָה קְרָשִׁים, כָּךְ הִיא מְפֹרֶשֶׁת בִּמְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן:
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| 27five crossbars for the planks of the other side of the Tabernacle, and five crossbars for the planks of the back wall of the Tabernacle, to the west. |
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כזוַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֔ם לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית וַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֗ם לְקַרְשֵׁי֙ צֶ֣לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה: |
| 28The crossbar at the wall’s mid height must be inserted into holes drilled through the planks, from one end of the Tabernacle to the other. |
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כחוְהַבְּרִ֥יחַ הַתִּיכֹ֖ן בְּת֣וֹךְ הַקְּרָשִׁ֑ים מַבְרִ֕חַ מִן־הַקָּצֶ֖ה אֶל־הַקָּצֶֽה: |
| 29You must overlay the planks with gold. You must make their gold rings to hold the crossbars, and overlay the crossbars with gold. |
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כטוְאֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֞ים תְּצַפֶּ֣ה זָהָ֗ב וְאֶת־טַבְּעֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂ֣ה זָהָ֔ב בָּתִּ֖ים לַבְּרִיחִ֑ם וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִ֖ם זָהָֽב: |
| בָּתִּים לַבְּרִיחִם - To hold the crossbars - i.e., the rings that you will make on them will act as holders into which the crossbars will be inserted. |
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בָּתִּים לַבְּרִיחִם.
הַטַּבָּעוֹת שֶׁתַּעֲשֶׂה בָּהֶן יִהְיוּ בָּתִּים לִכָּנֵס בָּהֵן הַבְּרִיחִים:
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| וְצִפִּיתָ אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִם זָהָב - And overlay the crossbars with gold - not that the gold was stuck onto the crossbars, for there was no covering attached over them; rather, he affixed to the planks a form of two golden tubes, like two halves of a split hollow reed, which were affixed at the level of the rings, on either side, so that their length fill the entire width of the plank on either side of the ring. The crossbar was inserted into one tube, passed from it into the ring, and from the ring into the second tube. The crossbars were thus entirely covered with gold when inserted into position onto the planks. These crossbars protruded on the outside of the Tabernacle, so the rings and tubes were not visible inside the Tabernacle, but the entire wall was smooth from within. |
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וְצִפִּיתָ אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִם זָהָב.
לֹא שֶׁהָיָה הַזָּהָב מְדֻבָּק עַל הַבְּרִיחִים – שֶׁאֵין עֲלֵיהֶם שׁוּם צִפּוּי – אֶלָּא בַקֶּרֶשׁ הָיָה קוֹבֵעַ כְּמִין שְׁתֵּי פִּיפִיּוֹת שֶׁל זָהָב, כְּמִין שְׁנֵי סִדְקֵי קָנֶה חָלוּל, וְקוֹבְעָן אֵצֶל הַטַּבַּעַת לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, אָרְכָּן מְמַלֵּא אֶת רֹחַב הַקֶּרֶשׁ מִן הַטַּבַּעַת לְכָאן וּמִמֶּנָּה לְכָאן, וְהַבְּרִיחַ נִכְנָס לְתוֹכוֹ וּמִמֶּנּוּ לַטַּבַּעַת וּמִן הַטַּבַּעַת לַפֶּה הַשֵּׁנִי, נִמְצְאוּ הַבְּרִיחִים מְצֻפִּים זָהָב כְּשֶׁהֵן תְּחוּבִין בַּקְּרָשִׁים; וְהַבְּרִיחִים הַלָּלוּ מִבַּחוּץ הָיוּ בּוֹלְטוֹת, הַטַּבָּעוֹת וְהַפִּיפִיּוֹת לֹא הָיוּ נִרְאוֹת בְּתוֹךְ הַמִּשְׁכָּן, אֶלָּא כָּל הַכֹּתֶל חָלָק מִבִּפְנִים:
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| 30You must erect the Tabernacle in its proper order, as you will have been shown by Me on the mountain. |
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לוַֽהֲקֵֽמֹתָ֖ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן כְּמִ֨שְׁפָּט֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְאֵ֖יתָ בָּהָֽר: |
| וַֽהֲקֵֽמֹתָ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן - You must erect the Tabernacle - i.e., after it is completed, erect it. |
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וַֽהֲקֵֽמֹתָ אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן.
לְאַחַר שֶׁיִּגָּמֵר הֲקִימֵהוּ:
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| הָרְאֵיתָ בָּהָֽר - You will have been shown on the mountain - beforehand, for in the future I will teach you and show you the procedure how it must be erected. |
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הָרְאֵיתָ בָּהָֽר.
קֹדֶם לָכֵן, שֶׁאֲנִי עָתִיד לְלַמֶּדְךָ וּלְהַרְאוֹתְךָ סֵדֶר הֲקָמָתוֹ:
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