| 11Joseph settled his father and his brothers, and he gave them property in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had mandated. |
|
יאוַיּוֹשֵׁ֣ב יוֹסֵף֘ אֶת־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶת־אֶחָיו֒ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֤ם אֲחֻזָּה֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּמֵיטַ֥ב הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ רַעְמְסֵ֑ס כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֥ה פַרְעֹֽה: |
| Rameses: That is [part] of the land of Goshen. |
|
רַעְמְסֵס:
מֵאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן הִיא:
|
| 12And Joseph sustained his father and his brothers and his father's entire household [with] bread according to the young children. |
|
יבוַיְכַלְכֵּ֤ל יוֹסֵף֙ אֶת־אָבִ֣יו וְאֶת־אֶחָ֔יו וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑יו לֶ֖חֶם לְפִ֥י הַטָּֽף: |
| [with] bread according to the young children: According to what was required for all the members of their household. |
|
לְפִי הַטָּֽף:
לְפִי הַצָּרִיךְ לְכָל בְּנֵי בֵיתָם:
|
| 13Now there was no food in the entire land, for the famine had grown exceedingly severe, and the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan were exhausted because of the famine. |
|
יגוְלֶ֤חֶם אֵין֙ בְּכָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּֽי־כָבֵ֥ד הָֽרָעָ֖ב מְאֹ֑ד וַתֵּ֜לַהּ אֶ֤רֶץ מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ וְאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן מִפְּנֵ֖י הָֽרָעָֽב: |
| Now there was no food in the entire land: It (Scripture) returns to the earlier topic, to the beginning of the famine years. [From Gen. Rabbah 89:9] |
|
וְלֶחֶם אֵין בְּכָל־הָאָרֶץ:
חוֹזֵר לָעִנְיָן הָרִאשׁוֹן – לִתְחִלַּת שְׁנֵי הָרָעָב:
|
| were exhausted: An expression of exhaustion, as the Targum renders ואשתלהי, and similar to this is “Like one who wearies himself shooting firebrands” (Prov. 26:18). |
|
וַתֵּלַהּ:
כְּמוֹ וַתִּלְאֶה, לְשׁוֹן עֲיֵפוּת, כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ; וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ כְּמִתְלַהְלֵהַּ הַיֹּרֶה זִקִּים (משלי כ"ו):
|
| 14And Joseph collected all the money that was found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan with the grain that they were buying, and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house. |
|
ידוַיְלַקֵּ֣ט יוֹסֵ֗ף אֶת־כָּל־הַכֶּ֨סֶף֙ הַנִּמְצָ֤א בְאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ וּבְאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן בַּשֶּׁ֖בֶר אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֣ם שֹֽׁבְרִ֑ים וַיָּבֵ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־הַכֶּ֖סֶף בֵּ֥יתָה פַרְעֹֽה: |
| with the grain that they were buying: they gave him the money. |
|
בַּשֶּׁבֶר אֲשֶׁר־הֵם שֹֽׁבְרִים:
נוֹתְנִין לוֹ אֶת הַכֶּסֶף:
|
| 15Now the money was depleted from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan, and all the Egyptians came to Joseph, saying, "Give us food; why should we die in your presence, since the money has been used up?" |
|
טווַיִּתֹּ֣ם הַכֶּ֗סֶף מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֘יִם֘ וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֒עַן֒ וַיָּבֹ֩אוּ֩ כָל־מִצְרַ֨יִם אֶל־יוֹסֵ֤ף לֵאמֹר֙ הָֽבָה־לָּ֣נוּ לֶ֔חֶם וְלָ֥מָּה נָמ֖וּת נֶגְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֥י אָפֵ֖ס כָּֽסֶף: |
| has been used up: Heb. אָפֵס, as the Targum renders: שְׁלִים, [meaning] is ended. — [Rashi] |
|
אָפֵס:
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ שְׁלִים:
|
| 16And Joseph said, "Give [me] your livestock, and I will give you [food in return] for your livestock, if the money has been used up." |
|
טזוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ הָב֣וּ מִקְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֶתְּנָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם בְּמִקְנֵיכֶ֑ם אִם־אָפֵ֖ס כָּֽסֶף: |
| 17So they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them food [in return] for the horses and for the livestock in flocks and in cattle and in donkeys, and he provided them with food [in return] for all their livestock in that year. |
|
יזוַיָּבִ֣יאוּ אֶת־מִקְנֵיהֶם֘ אֶל־יוֹסֵף֒ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָהֶם֩ יוֹסֵ֨ף לֶ֜חֶם בַּסּוּסִ֗ים וּבְמִקְנֵ֥ה הַצֹּ֛אן וּבְמִקְנֵ֥ה הַבָּקָ֖ר וּבַֽחֲמֹרִ֑ים וַיְנַֽהֲלֵ֤ם בַּלֶּ֨חֶם֙ בְּכָל־מִקְנֵהֶ֔ם בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִֽוא: |
| and he provided them: Heb. וַיְנַהִלֵם, similar to וַיְנַהִגֵם, and he guided them, and similar to this is “She has no guide (מְנַהֵל)” (Isa. 51:18),“ He leads me (יְנַהִלֵנִי) beside still waters” (Ps. 23:2). |
|
וַיְנַֽהֲלֵם:
כְּמוֹ וַיְנַהֲגֵם, וְדוֹמֶה לוֹ אֵין מְנַהֵל לָהּ (ישעיהו נ"א), עַל מֵי מְנֻחוֹת יְנַהֲלֵנִי (תהילים כ"ג):
|
| 18That year ended, and they came to him in the second year, and they said to him, "We will not hide from my lord, for insofar as the money and the property in animals have been forfeited to my lord, nothing remains before my lord, except our bodies and our farmland. |
|
יחוַתִּתֹּם֘ הַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַהִוא֒ וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלָ֜יו בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית וַיֹּ֤אמְרוּ לוֹ֙ לֹֽא־נְכַחֵ֣ד מֵֽאֲדֹנִ֔י כִּ֚י אִם־תַּ֣ם הַכֶּ֔סֶף וּמִקְנֵ֥ה הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֑י לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י בִּלְתִּ֥י אִם־גְּוִיָּתֵ֖נוּ וְאַדְמָתֵֽנוּ: |
| in the second year: The second of the famine years. |
|
בַּשָּׁנָה הַשֵּׁנִית:
לִשְׁנֵי הָרָעָב:
|
| for insofar as the money and the property in animals have been forfeited, etc: Heb. כִּי אִם. For insofar as the money and the property have been forfeited and everything has come into my lord’s possession. |
|
כִּי אִם־תַּם הַכֶּסֶף וגו':
כִּי אֲשֶׁר תַּם הַכֶּסֶף וְהַמִּקְנֶה וּבָא הַכֹּל אֶל יַד אֲדוֹנִי:
|
| except our bodies: Heb. בִּלְתִּי, like אִם לֹא גְוִיָתֵנוּ, if not our bodies. |
|
בִּלְתִּי אִם־גְּוִיָּתֵנוּ:
כְּמוֹ אִם לֹא גְּוִיָּתֵנוּ:
|
| 19Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our farmland? Buy us and our farmland for food, so that we and our farmland will be slaves to Pharaoh, and give [us] seed, so that we live and not die, and the soil will not lie fallow." |
|
יטלָ֧מָּה נָמ֣וּת לְעֵינֶ֗יךָ גַּם־אֲנַ֨חְנוּ֙ גַּם־אַדְמָתֵ֔נוּ קְנֵֽה־אֹתָ֥נוּ וְאֶת־אַדְמָתֵ֖נוּ בַּלָּ֑חֶם וְנִֽהְיֶ֞ה אֲנַ֤חְנוּ וְאַדְמָתֵ֨נוּ֙ עֲבָדִ֣ים לְפַרְעֹ֔ה וְתֶן־זֶ֗רַע וְנִֽחְיֶה֙ וְלֹ֣א נָמ֔וּת וְהָֽאֲדָמָ֖ה לֹ֥א תֵשָֽׁם: |
| and give [us] seed-: [with which] to sow the soil. Although Joseph said, “and [for] another five years there will be neither plowing nor harvest” (Gen. 45:6), as soon as Jacob came to Egypt, blessing came with his arrival, and they started to sow, and the famine ended. So we learned in the Tosefta of Sotah (10:1-3). |
|
וְתֶן־זֶרַע:
לִזְרֹעַ הָאֲדָמָה; וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר יוֹסֵף וְעוֹד חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים אֲשֶׁר אֵין חָרִישׁ וְקָצִיר, מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁבָּא יַעֲקֹב לְמִצְרַיִם בָּאָה בְרָכָה לְרַגְלָיו וְהִתְחִיל לִזְרֹעַ, וְכָלָה הָרָעָב, וְכֵן שָׁנִינוּ בְּתוֹסֶפְתָּא דְּסוֹטָה:
|
| will not lie fallow: Heb. לֹא תֵּשָׁם, will not be desolate, [and Onkelos renders:] לָא תְבוּר, an expression denoting a fallow field (שָׂדֶה בוּר), which is not plowed. |
|
לֹא תֵשָֽׁם:
לֹא תְהֵא שְׁמָמָה; לָא תְבוּר – לְשׁוֹן שְׂדֵה בּוּר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ חָרוּשׁ:
|
| 20So Joseph bought all the farmland of the Egyptians for Pharaoh, for the Egyptians sold, each one his field, for the famine had become too strong for them, and the land became Pharaoh's. |
|
כוַיִּ֨קֶן יוֹסֵ֜ף אֶת־כָּל־אַדְמַ֤ת מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה כִּי־מָֽכְר֤וּ מִצְרַ֨יִם֙ אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֵ֔הוּ כִּֽי־חָזַ֥ק עֲלֵהֶ֖ם הָרָעָ֑ב וַתְּהִ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לְפַרְעֹֽה: |
| and the land became Pharaoh’s: I.e., it was acquired by him. |
|
וַתְּהִי הָאָרֶץ לְפַרְעֹה:
קְנוּיָה לוֹ:
|
| 21And he transferred the populace to the cities, from [one] end of the boundary of Egypt to its [other] end. |
|
כאוְאֶ֨ת־הָעָ֔ם הֶֽעֱבִ֥יר אֹת֖וֹ לֶֽעָרִ֑ים מִקְצֵ֥ה גְבֽוּל־מִצְרַ֖יִם וְעַד־קָצֵֽהוּ: |
| And he transferred the populace: Joseph [transferred them] from city to city so that they would remember that they have no more share in the land, and he settled those of one city in another (Targum Onkelos). Scripture did not have to write this except to let you know Joseph’s praise, that he intended to remove the stigma from his brothers, so that they (the Egyptians) would not call them exiles. [From Gen. Rabbah 89:9, Chul. 60b] |
|
וְאֶת־הָעָם הֶֽעֱבִיר:
יוֹסֵף מֵעִיר לְעִיר לְזִכָּרוֹן, שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם עוֹד חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ, וְהוֹשִׁיב שֶׁל עִיר זוֹ בַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, וְלֹא הֻצְרַךְ הַכָּתוּב לִכְתֹּב זֹאת אֶלָּא לְהוֹדִיעֲךָ שִׁבְחוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לְהָסִיר חֶרְפָּה מֵעַל אֶחָיו, שֶׁלֹא יִהְיוּ קוֹרִין אוֹתָם גּוֹלִים (חולין ס'):
|
| from [one] end of the boundary of Egypt, etc.: So he did with all the cities in the kingdom of Egypt, from one end of its boundary to the other end of its boundary. |
|
מִקְצֵה גְבֽוּל־מִצְרַיִם וגו':
כֵּן עָשָׂה לְכָל הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר בְּמַלְכוּת מִצְרַיִם, מִקְצֵה גְבוּלָהּ וְעַד קְצֵה גְבוּלָהּ:
|
| 22Only the farmland of the priests he did not buy, for the priests had an allotment from Pharaoh, and they ate their allotment that Pharaoh had given them; therefore, they did not sell their farmland. |
|
כברַ֛ק אַדְמַ֥ת הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֖ים לֹ֣א קָנָ֑ה כִּי֩ חֹ֨ק לַכֹּֽהֲנִ֜ים מֵאֵ֣ת פַּרְעֹ֗ה וְאָֽכְל֤וּ אֶת־חֻקָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֤ן לָהֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה עַל־כֵּ֕ן לֹ֥א מָֽכְר֖וּ אֶת־אַדְמָתָֽם: |
| the priests: Heb. הַכֹּהִנִים, the priests. Every instance of כֹּהֵן means a minister to deities, except those that are an expression of high rank, like “the governor (כֹּהֵן) of Midian” (Exod. 2:16), “the governor (כֹּהֵן) of On” (Gen. 41:45). [From targumim] |
|
הַכֹּֽהֲנִים:
הַכּוּמָרִים, כָּל לְשׁוֹן כֹּהֵן מְשָׁרֵת לֶאֱלֹהוּת הוּא, חוּץ מֵאוֹתָן שֶׁהֵם לְשׁוֹן גְּדֻלָּה, כְּמוֹ כֹּהֵן מִדְיָן, כֹּהֵן אוֹן:
|
| the priests had an allotment: An allotment of so much bread per day. |
|
חֹק לַכֹּֽהֲנִים:
חֹק כָּךְ וְכָךְ לֶחֶם לַיּוֹם:
|
| 23Joseph said to the people, "Behold, I have bought you and your farmland today for Pharaoh. Behold, you have seed, so sow the soil. |
|
כגוַיֹּ֤אמֶר יוֹסֵף֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם הֵן֩ קָנִ֨יתִי אֶתְכֶ֥ם הַיּ֛וֹם וְאֶת־אַדְמַתְכֶ֖ם לְפַרְעֹ֑ה הֵֽא־לָכֶ֣ם זֶ֔רַע וּזְרַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־הָֽאֲדָמָֽה: |
| Behold: Heb. הֵא, equivalent to הִנֵה, as in: “behold (הֵא) I have laid your way on [your] head” (Ezek. 16:43). [From targumim] |
|
הֵֽא־:
כְּמוֹ הִנֵּה, כְּמוֹ וְגַם אֲנִי הֵא דַּרְכֵּךְ בְּרֹאשׁ נָתַתִּי (יחזקאל ט"ז):
|
| 24And it shall be concerning the crops, that you shall give a fifth to Pharaoh, and the [remaining] four parts shall be yours: for seed for [your] field[s], for your food, for those in your houses, and for your young children to eat." |
|
כדוְהָיָה֙ בַּתְּבוּאֹ֔ת וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם חֲמִישִׁ֖ית לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע הַיָּדֹ֡ת יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶם֩ לְזֶ֨רַע הַשָּׂדֶ֧ה וּלְאָכְלְכֶ֛ם וְלַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶ֖ם וְלֶֽאֱכֹ֥ל לְטַפְּכֶֽם: |
| for seed for [your] field[s]: Every year. |
|
לְזֶרַע הַשָּׂדֶה:
שֶׁבְּכָל שָׁנָה:
|
| for those in your houses: For food for the manservants and maidservants who are in your houses. |
|
וְלַֽאֲשֶׁר בְּבָֽתֵּיכֶם:
וְלֶאֱכֹל הָעֲבָדִים וְהַשְּׁפָחוֹת אֲשֶׁר בְּבָתֵּיכֶם:
|
| your young children: Heb. טַפְּכֶם, young children. |
|
לְטַפְּכֶֽם:
בָּנִים קְטַנִּים:
|
| 25They replied, "You have saved our lives! Let us find favor in my lord's eyes, and we will be slaves to Pharaoh." |
|
כהוַיֹּֽאמְר֖וּ הֶֽחֱיִתָ֑נוּ נִמְצָא־חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְהָיִ֥ינוּ עֲבָדִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹֽה: |
| Let us find favor: that you should do this for us, as you have said. |
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נִמְצָא־חֵן:
לַעֲשׂוֹת לָנוּ זֹאת כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ:
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| and we will be slaves to Pharaoh: to pay him this tribute every year as a statute that will not be repealed. |
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וְהָיִינוּ עֲבָדִים לְפַרְעֹֽה:
לְהַעֲלוֹת לוֹ הַמַּס הַזֶּה בְּכָל שָׁנָה:
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| 26So Joseph made it a statute to this day concerning the farmland of Egypt for the one fifth. Only the farmland of the priests alone did not become Pharaoh's. |
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כווַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹתָ֣הּ יוֹסֵ֡ף לְחֹק֩ עַד־הַיּ֨וֹם הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־אַדְמַ֥ת מִצְרַ֛יִם לְפַרְעֹ֖ה לַחֹ֑מֶשׁ רַ֞ק אַדְמַ֤ת הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם לֹ֥א הָֽיְתָ֖ה לְפַרְעֹֽה: |
| 27And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt in the land of Goshen, and they acquired property in it, and they were prolific and multiplied greatly. |
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כזוַיֵּ֧שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּאֶ֣רֶץ גּ֑שֶׁן וַיֵּאָֽחֲז֣וּ בָ֔הּ וַיִּפְר֥וּ וַיִּרְבּ֖וּ מְאֹֽד: |
| And Israel dwelt in the land of Egypt: Where? In the land of Goshen, which is [part] of the land of Egypt. |
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וַיֵּשֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם:
וְהֵיכָן? בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן שֶׁהִיא מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם:
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| and they acquired property in it: Heb. וַיֵאָחִזוּ בָהּ, [which is] an expression of אִחֻזָה, holding. |
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וַיֵּאָֽחֲזוּ בָהּ:
לְשׁוֹן אֲחֻזָּה):
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