| 30Joseph hurried out, for he was overcome with compassion for his brother and was on the verge of tears. He went to another room and wept there. |
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לוַיְמַהֵ֣ר יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּֽי־נִכְמְר֤וּ רַֽחֲמָיו֙ אֶל־אָחִ֔יו וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לִבְכּ֑וֹת וַיָּבֹ֥א הַחַ֖דְרָה וַיֵּ֥בְךְּ שָֽׁמָּה: |
| כִּֽי־נִכְמְרוּ רַֽחֲמָיו - For he was overcome with compassion… He asked him, “Do you have a brother from your mother?” He replied, “I did have a brother, but I do not know where he is.” Joseph then asked, “Do you have any sons?” He replied, “I have 10.” Joseph asked him, “What are their names?” He answered him, “Bela, Becher, etc.” Joseph then asked: “What is the significance of these names?” He answered him: “They are all named for my brother and the tribulations that have befallen him: Bela (בֶּלַע) – because he was swallowed up (נִּבְלַע) among the gentiles; Becher (בֶּכֶר) – because he was the firstborn (בְּכוֹר) of my mother; Ashbel (אַשְׁבֵּל) – because God sent him into captivity (שְּׁבָאוֹ אֵל); Gera (גֵּרָא) – because he became a sojourner (גֵר) in a foreign place; Na’aman (נַעֲמָן) – because he was extremely pleasant (נָעִים); Echi (אֵחִי) and Rosh (רֹאשׁ) – because he was my brother (אָחִי) and my superior (רֹאשִׁי); Mupim (מֻפִּים) – because he learned from the mouth (מִפִּי) of my father; Chupim (חֻפִּים) – because he did not see my marriage (חֻפָּתִי) nor did I see his marriage (חֻפָּתוֹ); and Ard (אָרְדְּ) – because he descended (יָרַד) among the gentiles” – as is stated in Tractate Sotah. When Joseph heard all this, immediately “his compassion was aroused.” |
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כִּֽי־נִכְמְרוּ רַֽחֲמָיו.
שְׁאָלוֹ יֵשׁ לְךָ אָח מֵאֵם? אָמַר לוֹ אָח הָיָה לִי, וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ הֵיכָן הוּא; יֵשׁ לְךָ בָנִים? אָמַר לוֹ יֵשׁ לִי י', אָמַר לוֹ מַה שְּׁמָם? אָמַר לוֹ בֶּלַע וָבֶכֶר וְגוֹ'; אָמַר מַה טִּיבָן שֶׁל שֵׁמוֹת הַלָּלוּ? אָמַר לוֹ כֻּלָּם עַל שֵׁם אָחִי וְהַצָּרוֹת אֲשֶׁר מְצָאוּהוּ, בֶּלַע שֶׁנִּבְלַע בֵּין הָאֻמּוֹת, בֶּכֶר שֶׁהָיָה בְּכוֹר לְאִמִּי, אַשְׁבְּאֵל שֶׁשְּׁבָאוֹ אֵל, גֵּרָא שֶׁגָּר בְּאַכְסַנְיָא, וְנַעֲמָן שֶׁהָיָה נָעִים בְּיוֹתֵר, אֵחִי וָרֹאשׁ – אָחִי הָיָה וְרֹאשִׁי הָיָה, מֻפִּים – מִפִּי אָבִי לָמַד, וְחֻפִּים – שֶׁלֹּא רָאָה חֻפָּתִי וְלֹא רָאִיתִי אֲנִי חֻפָּתוֹ, וָאָרְדְּ – שֶׁיָּרַד לְבֵין הָאֻמּוֹת, כִּדְאִיתָא בְּמַסֶּכֶת סוֹטָה, מִיָּד נִכְמְרוּ רַחֲמָיו:
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| נִכְמְרוּ - means “became heated.” And in Mishnaic Hebrew we find similarly: “on the heating vessel (כֹּמֶר) of olives,” and in Aramaic: “heating up (מִכְמַר) of the meat”; and also in Scripture: “Our skin became inflamed (נִכְמָרוּ) like an oven” – i.e., heated and creased with wrinkles – “from the burning fever of famine,” for so is the nature of any skin that it wrinkles and shrinks when it becomes hot. |
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נִכְמְרוּ.
נִתְחַמְּמוּ, וּבִלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה עַל הַכֹּמֶר שֶׁל זֵתִים, וּבְלָשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי בְּמִכְמַר בִּשְׂרָא; וּבַמִּקְרָא עוֹרֵנוּ כְּתַנּוּר נִכְמָרוּ (איכה ה'), נִתְחַמְּמוּ וְנִקְמְטוּ קְמָטִים קְמָטִים מִפְּנֵי זַלְעֲפוֹת רָעָב; כֵּן דֶּרֶךְ כָּל עוֹר כְּשֶׁמְּחַמְּמִין אוֹתוֹ נִקְמָט וְנִכְוָץ:
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| 31He then washed his face and came back out, restraining his emotions, and said, “Serve the meal.” |
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לאוַיִּרְחַ֥ץ פָּנָ֖יו וַיֵּצֵ֑א וַיִּ֨תְאַפַּ֔ק וַיֹּ֖אמֶר שִׂ֥ימוּ לָֽחֶם: |
| וַיִּתְאַפַּק - He restrained himself - i.e., he made a strong effort not to cry. It is used here in the same sense as “and He loosens the belt of the strong (אֲפִיקִים),” and similarly אֲפִיקֵי מָגִנִּים, meaning “strength of armor.” |
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וַיִּתְאַפַּק.
נִתְאַמֵּץ; וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן אֲפִיקֵי מָגִנִּים (איוב מ"א), חֹזֶק, וְכֵן וּמְזִיחַ אֲפִיקִים רִפָּה (שם י"ב):
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| 32They served him and his family separately, and them (i.e., his brothers) separately, and the Egyptians who were eating with him separately, for the Egyptians could not eat a meal together with the Hebrews, since this was an abomination for the Egyptians. |
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לבוַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ ל֛וֹ לְבַדּ֖וֹ וְלָהֶ֣ם לְבַדָּ֑ם וְלַמִּצְרִ֞ים הָאֹֽכְלִ֤ים אִתּוֹ֙ לְבַדָּ֔ם כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יֽוּכְל֜וּן הַמִּצְרִ֗ים לֶֽאֱכֹ֤ל אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִים֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּי־תֽוֹעֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לְמִצְרָֽיִם: |
| כִּי תֽוֹעֵבָה הִוא - Since this was an abomination - i.e., it was a hateful thing for the Egyptians to eat with the Hebrews, and Onkelos gives a reason for this – because the Hebrews eat animals that the Egyptians worship. |
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כִּי תֽוֹעֵבָה הִוא.
דָּבָר שָׂנְאוּי הוּא לַמִּצְרִים לֶאֱכֹל אֶת הָעִבְרִים, וְאֻנְקְלוֹס נָתַן טַעַם לַדָּבָר:
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| 33The brothers were seated before Joseph, the firstborn according to his seniority and the youngest according to his youth, and the men looked at each other in amazement. |
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לגוַיֵּֽשְׁב֣וּ לְפָנָ֔יו הַבְּכֹר֙ כִּבְכֹ֣רָת֔וֹ וְהַצָּעִ֖יר כִּצְעִֽרָת֑וֹ וַיִּתְמְה֥וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵֽהוּ: |
| הבכור כִּבְכֹרָתוֹ - The firstborn according to his seniority. He struck the goblet and called out: “Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, the sons of one mother: Take your places in this order, which is the order of your birth.” And so he did with all of them. When he came to Benjamin he said, “This one has no mother and I have no mother. Let him sit beside me.” |
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הבכור כִּבְכֹרָתוֹ.
מַכֶּה בַּגָּבִיעַ וְקוֹרֵא רְאוּבֵן, שִׁמְעוֹן, לֵוִי, יְהוּדָה, יִשָּׂשכָר, וּזְבוּלֻן, בְּנֵי אֵם אַחַת, הָסֵבּוּ כַּסֵּדֶר הַזֶּה, שֶׁהִיא סֵדֶר תּוֹלְדוֹתֵיכֶם, וְכֵן כֻּלָּם. כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְבִנְיָמִין, אָמַר זֶה אֵין לוֹ אֵם וַאֲנִי אֵין לִי אֵם, יֵשֵׁב אֶצְלִי:
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| 34He had portions served to them from his table. Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as the others’. They drank with him and became intoxicated. |
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לדוַיִּשָּׂ֨א מַשְׂאֹ֜ת מֵאֵ֣ת פָּנָיו֘ אֲלֵהֶם֒ וַתֵּ֜רֶב מַשְׂאַ֧ת בִּנְיָמִ֛ן מִמַּשְׂאֹ֥ת כֻּלָּ֖ם חָמֵ֣שׁ יָד֑וֹת וַיִּשְׁתּ֥וּ וַיִּשְׁכְּר֖וּ עִמּֽוֹ: |
| מַשְׂאֹת - means “portions.” |
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מַשְׂאֹת.
מָנוֹת:
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| חָמֵשׁ יָדוֹת - Five times as much - i.e., his own portion that was due to him along with his brothers, and in addition the portions given to him by Joseph, Asenat, Manasseh, and Ephraim. |
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חָמֵשׁ יָדוֹת.
חֶלְקוֹ עִם אֶחָיו, וּמַשְׂאַת יוֹסֵף וְאָסְנַת וּמְנַשֶּׁה וְאֶפְרַיִם:
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| וַיִּשְׁכְּרוּ עִמּֽוֹ - And became intoxicated with him. From the day they had sold him they had not drunk wine, nor had he drunk wine, but on that day they all drank. |
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וַיִּשְׁכְּרוּ עִמּֽוֹ.
וּמִיּוֹם שֶׁמְּכָרוּהוּ לֹא שָׁתוּ יַיִן וְלֹא הוּא שָׁתָה יַיִן, וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שָׁתוּ (בראשית רבה):
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| 1Meanwhile, Joseph gave orders to the overseer of his household, as follows: “Fill the men’s packs with as much food as they can carry, and place each man’s money at the top of his pack. |
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אוַיְצַ֞ו אֶת־אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּיתוֹ֘ לֵאמֹר֒ מַלֵּ֞א אֶת־אַמְתְּחֹ֤ת הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֹ֔כֶל כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר יֽוּכְל֖וּן שְׂאֵ֑ת וְשִׂ֥ים כֶּֽסֶף־אִ֖ישׁ בְּפִ֥י אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ: |
| 2And put my goblet—the silver goblet—at the top of the youngest one’s pack, together with the money for his produce.” He did exactly as Joseph instructed him. |
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בוְאֶת־גְּבִיעִ֞י גְּבִ֣יעַ הַכֶּ֗סֶף תָּשִׂים֙ בְּפִי֙ אַמְתַּ֣חַת הַקָּטֹ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת כֶּ֣סֶף שִׁבְר֑וֹ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כִּדְבַ֥ר יוֹסֵ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֵּֽר: |
| גְּבִיעִי - This is a tall cup, and it is called “maderine” in Old French. |
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גְּבִיעִי.
כּוֹס אָרֹךְ, וְקוֹרִין לוֹ מדיר"נש בְּלַעַז:
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| 3With the first light of morning, the men were sent on their way, together with their donkeys. |
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גהַבֹּ֖קֶר א֑וֹר וְהָֽאֲנָשִׁ֣ים שֻׁלְּח֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַֽחֲמֹֽרֵיהֶֽם: |
| 4They had barely left the city and had not yet gone far, when Joseph said to the overseer of his household, “Set out and pursue those men, and when you catch up with them, say to them, ‘Why did you repay good with evil? |
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דהֵ֠ם יָֽצְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֘ לֹ֣א הִרְחִ֒יקוּ֒ וְיוֹסֵ֤ף אָמַר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ ק֥וּם רְדֹ֖ף אַֽחֲרֵ֣י הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהִשַּׂגְתָּם֙ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לָ֛מָּה שִׁלַּמְתֶּ֥ם רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה: |
| 5After all, this is the goblet from which my master drinks; indeed, he also uses it for divination. What you have done is an evil thing!’” |
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ההֲל֣וֹא זֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁתֶּ֤ה אֲדֹנִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וְה֕וּא נַחֵ֥שׁ יְנַחֵ֖שׁ בּ֑וֹ הֲרֵֽעֹתֶ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲשִׂיתֶֽם: |
| 6He caught up with them, and told them these very words. |
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ווַיַּשִּׂגֵ֑ם וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה: |
| 7They said to him, “Sir, why do you say such things? It would be a disgrace for us, your servants, to do such a thing! May God protect us from ever doing such a thing! |
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זוַיֹּֽאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו לָ֚מָּה יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֲדֹנִ֔י כַּדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה חָלִ֨ילָה֙ לַֽעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ מֵֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת כַּדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה: |
| חָלִילָה לַֽעֲבָדֶיךָ - means it would be mundane (חוּלִּין) for us, i.e., an expression of disgrace. But Onkelos translates it: חַס לְעַבְדָיךְ, meaning “the Holy One, blessed be He, has pity on us, protecting us from doing such a thing.” Similarly, many times in the Talmud the expression חַס וְשָׁלוֹם “Have pity on us that it should not happen and peace will be with us!” occurs. |
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חָלִילָה לַֽעֲבָדֶיךָ.
חֻלִּין הוּא לָנוּ, לְשׁוֹן גְּנַאי, וְתַרְגוּם חַס לְעַבְדָּיךְ – חַס מֵאֵת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יְהִי עָלֵינוּ מֵעֲשׂוֹת זֹאת, וְהַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ בַּתַּלְמוּד "חַס וְשָׁלוֹם":
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| 8After all, we brought you back the money that we found at the top of our packs when we returned from Canaan. How then could we have stolen silver or gold from your master’s house? |
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חהֵ֣ן כֶּ֗סֶף אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָצָ֨אנוּ֙ בְּפִ֣י אַמְתְּחֹתֵ֔ינוּ הֱשִׁיבֹ֥נוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ כְּנָ֑עַן וְאֵ֗יךְ נִגְנֹב֙ מִבֵּ֣ית אֲדֹנֶ֔יךָ כֶּ֖סֶף א֥וֹ זָהָֽב: |
| הֵן כֶּסֶף אֲשֶׁר מָצָאנוּ - After all, the money that we found. This is one of 10 a fortiori arguments (קַל וָחֹמֶר) mentioned in the Torah and the rest of Scripture, and they are all enumerated in Bereshit Rabbah. |
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הֵן כֶּסֶף אֲשֶׁר מָצָאנוּ.
זֶה אֶחָד מֵעֲשָׂרָה קַל וָחֹמֶר הָאֲמוּרִים בַּתּוֹרָה, וְכֻלָּן מְנוּיִין בּבְּרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה:
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| 9Whichever of your servants with whom it is found will die, and the rest of us will become slaves to my lord.” |
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טאֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֥א אִתּ֛וֹ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ וָמֵ֑ת וְגַם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ נִֽהְיֶ֥ה לַֽאדֹנִ֖י לַֽעֲבָדִֽים: |
| 10He replied, “Although it should be as you have now declared, only the one in whose possession it is actually found will be my slave, and the rest of you will go free.” |
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יוַיֹּ֕אמֶר גַּם־עַתָּ֥ה כְדִבְרֵיכֶ֖ם כֶּן־ה֑וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִמָּצֵ֤א אִתּוֹ֙ יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֣י עָ֔בֶד וְאַתֶּ֖ם תִּֽהְי֥וּ נְקִיִּֽם: |
| גַּם־עַתָּה כְדִבְרֵיכֶם - As you have now declared. This, too, is indeed true. It is correct that “it should be as you have now declared”– that you are all liable in this matter, for if stolen property is found in possession of one out of a group of 10, all of them are implicated. But I will act with you more leniently than the line of strict justice: “only the one in whose possession the goblet is found will be my slave.” |
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גַּם־עַתָּה כְדִבְרֵיכֶם.
אַף זוֹ מִן הַדִּין אֱמֶת כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם כֵּן הוּא, שֶׁכֻּלְּכֶם חַיָּבִין בַּדָּבָר – י' שֶׁנִּמְצֵאת גְּנֵבָה בְּיַד א' מֵהֶם כֻּלָּם נִתְפָּשִׂים, אֲבָל אֲנִי אֶעֱשֶׂה לָכֶם לִפְנִים מִשּׁוּרַת הַדִּין, אֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא אִתּוֹ יִהְיֶה לִּי עָבֶד:
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| 11Each man quickly lowered his pack to the ground, and each man opened his pack. |
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יאוַיְמַֽהֲר֗וּ וַיּוֹרִ֛דוּ אִ֥ישׁ אֶת־אַמְתַּחְתּ֖וֹ אָ֑רְצָה וַיִּפְתְּח֖וּ אִ֥ישׁ אַמְתַּחְתּֽוֹ: |
| 12The overseer searched each one, beginning with that of the eldest and ending with that of the youngest, and the goblet was found in Benjamin’s pack. |
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יבוַיְחַפֵּ֕שׂ בַּגָּד֣וֹל הֵחֵ֔ל וּבַקָּטֹ֖ן כִּלָּ֑ה וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ הַגָּבִ֔יעַ בְּאַמְתַּ֖חַת בִּנְיָמִֽן: |
| בַּגָּדוֹל הֵחֵל - Beginning with that of the eldest - so that they should not suspect that he knew where it was. |
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בַּגָּדוֹל הֵחֵל.
שֶׁלֹּא יַרְגִּישׁוּ שֶׁהָיָה יוֹדֵעַ הֵיכָן הוּא:
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| 13The brothers rent their clothes. Each one loaded his donkey and they returned to the city. |
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יגוַיִּקְרְע֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם וַיַּֽעֲמֹס֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הָעִֽירָה: |
| וַיַּֽעֲמֹס אִישׁ עַל־חֲמֹרוֹ - Each one loaded his donkey. They were strong men and did not need to help one another to load. |
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וַיַּֽעֲמֹס אִישׁ עַל־חֲמֹרוֹ.
בַּעֲלֵי זְרוֹעַ הָיוּ, וְלֹא הֻצְרְכוּ לְסַיֵּעַ זֶה אֶת זֶה לִטְעֹן:
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| וישובו הָעִֽירָה - And they returned to the city. It was really a metropolis, yet the verse says הָעִירָה, suggesting a mere city. This is because it was considered in their eyes as merely an ordinary city of 10 people with respect to waging war against it. |
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וישובו הָעִֽירָה.
מֶטְרוֹפּוֹלִין הָיְתָה, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר הָעִירָה, הָעִיר כָּל שֶׁהוּא אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה חֲשׁוּבָה בְעֵינֵיהֶם אֶלָּא כְעִיר בֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁל י' בְּנֵי אָדָם לְעִנְיַן הַמִּלְחָמָה:
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| 14When Judah and his brothers arrived at Joseph’s house, he was still there, and they threw themselves on the ground before him. |
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ידוַיָּבֹ֨א יְהוּדָ֤ה וְאֶחָיו֙ בֵּ֣יתָה יוֹסֵ֔ף וְה֖וּא עוֹדֶ֣נּוּ שָׁ֑ם וַיִּפְּל֥וּ לְפָנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה: |
| עוֹדֶנּוּ שָׁם - Still there - for he was waiting for them. |
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עוֹדֶנּוּ שָׁם.
שֶׁהָיָה מַמְתִּין לָהֶם:
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| 15Joseph said to them, “What is this deed that you have done? Do you not know that a man as I can determine the truth by logic?” |
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טווַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יוֹסֵ֔ף מָֽה־הַמַּֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֑ם הֲל֣וֹא יְדַעְתֶּ֔ם כִּֽי־נַחֵ֧שׁ יְנַחֵ֛שׁ אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּמֹֽנִי: |
| הלא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּֽי־נַחֵשׁ יְנַחֵשׁ וגו' - means: “Do you not realize that such a distinguished person as I is able to determine and know through intelligence and logical deduction that it was you who stole the goblet?” |
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הלא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּֽי־נַחֵשׁ יְנַחֵשׁ וגו'.
הֲלֹא יְדַעְתֶּם כִּי אִישׁ חָשׁוּב כָּמוֹנִי יוֹדֵעַ לְנַחֵשׁ וְלָדַעַת מִדַּעַת וּמִסְּבָרָא וּבִינָה, כִּי אַתֶּם גְּנַבְתֶּם הַגָּבִיעַ:
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| 16Judah replied, “What can we say to my lord? How can we speak and how can we prove our innocence? God has uncovered your servants’ transgression. Here we are, then, slaves to my lord, we together with the one in whose possession the goblet was found.” |
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טזוַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָ֗ה מַה־נֹּאמַר֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י מַה־נְּדַבֵּ֖ר וּמַה־נִּצְטַדָּ֑ק הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים מָצָא֙ אֶת־עֲוֹ֣ן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ הִנֶּנּ֤וּ עֲבָדִים֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י גַּם־אֲנַ֕חְנוּ גַּ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֥א הַגָּבִ֖יעַ בְּיָדֽוֹ: |
| הָֽאֱלֹהִים מָצָא - God has uncovered. We know that we are not at fault, but this has come about by the Omnipresent bringing it upon us. The Creditor has found a way to collect His debt. |
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הָֽאֱלֹהִים מָצָא.
יוֹדְעִים אָנוּ שֶׁלֹּא סָרַחְנוּ, אֲבָל מֵאֵת הַמָּקוֹם נִהְיְתָה לְהָבִיא לָנוּ זֹאת, מָצָא בַּעַל חוֹב מָקוֹם לִגְבּוֹת שְׁטַר חוֹבוֹ:
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| מַה־נִּצְטַדָּק - And how can we prove our innocence. This word is a verbal form of צֶדֶק (justice). Similarly, any word whose root begins with a צ and is in the hitpa’el (reflexive) or nitpa’el (passive reflexive) form, takes a ט instead of the usual added ת, and the ט is not placed before the first root letter as is usual for the hitpa’el, but between the first two root letters; e.g., נִצְטַדָּק from the root צֶדֶק; יִצְטַבַּע “it will be soaked” from the root צבע “to immerse”; וַיִּצְטַיָּרוּ “they pretended to be envoys” from the same root as in וְצִיר אֱמוּנִים “and a faithful messenger”; הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ “we provided ourselves” from the same root as in צֵדָה לַדֶּרֶךְ “provisions for the journey.” Also, a word whose first root letter is ס or ש, when it is in the hitpa’el form the added ת separates the first two root letters, as in: “the locust will be heavy (וְיִסְתַּבֵּל),” from the root סבל “to bear a load”; “I was studying (מִשְׂתַּכַּל) the horns” from the root שכל “intellect”; “Omri’s statutes will be kept (וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר),” from the root שמר “to keep”; “and one who turns away from evil is considered foolish (מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל),” from the same root as in “he leads advisers to foolishness (שׁוֹלָל)”; “you are still suppressing (מִסְתּוֹלֵל) My people,” from the same root as in “an untrodden (לֹא סְלוּלָה) path.” End of Parashat Miketz |
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מַה־נִּצְטַדָּק.
לְשׁוֹן צֶדֶק, וְכֵן כָּל תֵּבָה שֶׁתְּחִלַּת יְסוֹדָהּ צָדִ"י וְהִיא בָּאָה לְדַבֵּר בִּלְשׁוֹן מִתְפָּעֵל אוֹ נִתְפָּעֵל, נוֹתֵן טֵי"ת בִּמְקוֹם תָּי"ו, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹתְנָהּ לִפְנֵי אוֹת רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל יְסוֹד הַתֵּבָה אֶלָּא בְאֶמְצַע אוֹתִיּוֹת הָעִקָּר, כְּגוֹן נִצְטַדָּק מִגִּזְרַת צדק, וְיִצְטַבַּע מִגִּזְרַת צבע, וַיִּצְטַיָּרוּ מִגִּזְרַת וְצִיר אֱמוּנִים, הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ מִגִּזְרַת צֵדָה לַדֶּרֶךְ. וְתֵבָה שֶׁתְּחִלָּתָהּ סָמֶ"ךְ אוֹ שִׁי"ן, כְּשֶׁהִיא מִתְפָּעֶלֶת, הַתָּי"ו מַפְרֶדֶת אֶת אוֹתִיּוֹת הָעִקָּר, כְּגוֹן וְיִסְתַּבֵּל הֶחָגָב (קהלת י"ב), מִגִּזְרַת סבל; מִשְׂתַּכַּל הֲוֵית בְּקַרְנַיָּא (דניאל ז'), וְיִשְׁתַּמֵּר חֻקּוֹת עָמְרִי (מיכה ו') מִגִּזְרַת שמר; וְסָר מֵרָע מִשְׁתּוֹלֵל (ישעיהו נ"ט), מִגִּזְרַת מוֹלִיךְ יוֹעֲצִים שׁוֹלָל (איוב י"ב), מִסְתּוֹלֵל בְּעַמִּי (שמות ט"ו), מִגִּזְרַת דֶּרֶךְ לֹא סְלוּלָה (ירמיהו י"ח):
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| 17But Joseph replied, “It would be a disgrace for me to do that! The one in whose possession the goblet was found will be my slave, and the rest of you will go up in peace to your father.” |
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יזוַיֹּ֕אמֶר חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֔י מֵֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת זֹ֑את הָאִ֡ישׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א הַגָּבִ֜יעַ בְּיָד֗וֹ ה֚וּא יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֣י עָ֔בֶד וְאַתֶּ֕ם עֲל֥וּ לְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶל־אֲבִיכֶֽם: |
