1Safeguard the month of ripening. You must offer up the Passover offering to God, your God, because God, your God, took you out of Egypt in the month of ripening, at night. |
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אשָׁמוֹר֙ אֶת־חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֔יב וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ פֶּ֔סַח לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּ֞י בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֗יב הוֹצִ֨יאֲךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לָֽיְלָה: |
שָׁמוֹר אֶת־חֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב - Safeguard the month of ripening - i.e., before it arrives, ensure that it will be capable of producing ripe barley, in order that you be able to offer up the omer grain-offering during that month, and if not, make the year a leap year. |
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שָׁמוֹר אֶת־חֹדֶשׁ הָֽאָבִיב.
מִקֹּדֶם בּוֹאוֹ שְׁמֹר שֶׁיְּהֵא רָאוּי לְאָבִיב – לְהַקְרִיב בּוֹ אֶת מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר, וְאִם לָאו עַבֵּר אֶת הַשָּׁנָה (עי' סנהדרין י"א):
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מִמִּצְרַיִם לָֽיְלָה - Of Egypt at night. But did they not leave during the daytime, as it says: “On the day following the Passover sacrifice, the Israelites left…”? This is only stated because Pharaoh gave them permission to leave at night, as it says: “He called out for Moses and Aaron in the night….” |
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מִמִּצְרַיִם לָֽיְלָה.
וַהֲלֹא בַּיּוֹם יָצְאוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ל"ג) מִמָּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח יָצְאוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְגוֹ'? אֶלָּא לְפִי שֶׁבַּלַּיְלָה נָתַן לָהֶם פַּרְעֹה רְשׁוּת לָצֵאת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ב) וַיִּקְרָא לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְאַהֲרֹן לַיְלָה וְגוֹ' (בראשית ט'):
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2You must slaughter the Passover sacrifice to God, your God, from the flock, and a peace-offering of cattle, in the place to which God will choose to attach His Name. |
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בוְזָבַ֥חְתָּ פֶּ֛סַח לַֽיהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ צֹ֣אן וּבָקָ֑ר בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֔ה לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן שְׁמ֖וֹ שָֽׁם: |
וְזָבַחְתָּ פֶּסַח לה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ צֹאן - You must slaughter the Passover sacrifice to God, your God, from the flock - as it says: “you may take it from the sheep or from the goats.” |
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וְזָבַחְתָּ פֶּסַח לה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ צֹאן.
שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות י"ב) מִן הַכְּבָשִׂים וּמִן הָעִזִּים תִּקָּחוּ:
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וּבָקָר - And cattle - you must sacrifice as a festival offering (חֲגִיגָה), meaning that if a large group is registered for the Passover sacrifice, they should bring a festival offering along with it and eat it first, so that the Passover sacrifice be eaten in a state of satiety. Our sages also derived many other laws from this verse. |
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וּבָקָר.
תִּזְבַּח לַחֲגִיגָה, שֶׁאִם נִמְנוּ עַל הַפֶּסַח חֲבוּרָה מְרֻבָּה, מְבִיאִים עִמּוֹ חֲגִיגָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא נֶאֱכָל עַל הַשֹּׂבַע (פסחים ס"ט); וְעוֹד לָמְדוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ דְּבָרִים הַרְבֵּה מִפָּסוּק זֶה:
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3You must not eat it with leavened bread. For seven days thereafter you must eat matzos, the bread of affliction, because you went out of Egypt hastily, in order that you remember the day when you went out of Egypt all the days of your life. |
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גלֹֽא־תֹאכַ֤ל עָלָיו֙ חָמֵ֔ץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים תֹּֽאכַל־עָלָ֥יו מַצּ֖וֹת לֶ֣חֶם עֹ֑נִי כִּ֣י בְחִפָּז֗וֹן יָצָ֨אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְמַ֣עַן תִּזְכֹּ֗ר אֶת־י֤וֹם צֵֽאתְךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ: |
לֶחֶם עֹנִי - The bread of affliction - i.e., bread that reminds you of the affliction they suffered in Egypt. |
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לֶחֶם עֹנִי.
לֶחֶם שֶׁמַּזְכִּיר אֶת הָעֹנִי שֶׁנִּתְעַנּוּ בְּמִצְרַיִם (ספרי):
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כִּי בְחִפָּזוֹן יָצָאתָ - Because you went out hastily - and the dough did not have time to rise, and this will serve to remind you of that event. The haste was not yours but the Egyptians’, as it says: “The Egyptians urged the people on, hurrying them out of the land.” |
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כִּי בְחִפָּזוֹן יָצָאתָ.
וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק בָּצֵק לְהַחֲמִיץ וְזֶה יִהְיֶה לְךָ לְזִכָּרוֹן; וְחִפָּזוֹן לֹא שֶׁלְּךָ הָיָה אֶלָּא שֶׁל מִצְרַיִם, שֶׁכֵּן הוּא אוֹמֵר "וַתֶּחֱזַק מִצְרַיִם עַל הָעָם וְגוֹ'" (ספרי):
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לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר - In order that you remember - through eating the Passover sacrifice and the matzah – “the day you left.” |
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לְמַעַן תִּזְכֹּר.
עַל יְדֵי אֲכִילַת הַפֶּסַח וְהַמַּצָּה את יום צאתך:
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