| 15Starting on the day after the day of rest—i.e., from the day you bring the omer of barley as a wave-offering—you must count for yourselves seven weeks. These weeks must be complete. |
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טווּסְפַרְתֶּ֤ם לָכֶם֙ מִמָּֽחֳרַ֣ת הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת מִיּוֹם֙ הֲבִ֣יאֲכֶ֔ם אֶת־עֹ֖מֶר הַתְּנוּפָ֑ה שֶׁ֥בַע שַׁבָּת֖וֹת תְּמִימֹ֥ת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה: |
| מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת - Starting on the day after the day of rest - i.e., the day after the festival, i.e., the first day of Passover. |
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מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת.
מִמָּחֳרַת יוֹם טוֹב:
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| תְּמִימֹת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה - Must be complete. This teaches that one must begin the count in the evening, for if not, the weeks are not complete. |
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תְּמִימֹת תִּֽהְיֶֽינָה.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמַּתְחִיל וּמוֹנֶה מִבָּעֶרֶב, שֶׁאִם לֹא כֵן אֵינָן תְּמִימוֹת (ספרא; מנחות ס"ו):
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| 16You must count until the day after the seventh week, 50 days, on which you must bring a grain-offering to God from the new crop: |
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טזעַ֣ד מִמָּֽחֳרַ֤ת הַשַּׁבָּת֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔ת תִּסְפְּר֖וּ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים י֑וֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֛ם מִנְחָ֥ה חֲדָשָׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת - Its meaning is as Onkelos translates it: שְׁבוּעֲתָא שְׁבִיעָתָא – the seventh week. |
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הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת.
כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ שְׁבוּעֲתָא שְׁבִיעֵתָא:
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| עַד מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ - You must count until the day after the seventh week - but not including that day, thus being 49 days. |
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עַד מִמָּֽחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת תִּסְפְּרוּ.
וְלֹא עַד בִּכְלָל, וְהֵן אַרְבָּעִים וְתִשְׁעָה יוֹם:
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| חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לה' - (lit.) Fifty days, and you must bring a new grain-offering to God - i.e., you must bring it on the 50th day. However, I say that this is its Midrashic explanation, but its straightforward explanation is: “until the day after the seventh week, which is the 50th day, you must count,” and it is an inverted verse. |
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חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם וְהִקְרַבְתֶּם מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה לה'.
בַּיּוֹם הַחֲמִשִּׁים תַּקְרִיבוּהָ, וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי זֶה מִדְרָשׁוֹ, אֲבָל פְּשׁוּטוֹ עַד מִמָּחֳרַת הַשַּׁבָּת הַשְּׁבִיעִת שֶׁהוּא יוֹם חֲמִשִּׁים תִּסְפְּרוּ, וּמִקְרָא מְסֹרָס הוּא:
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| מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה - (lit.) A new grain-offering. This is the first grain-offering that is brought from the new crop. Should you ask: Was not the omer grain-offering already brought? It, however, is not like other grain-offerings, since it is brought from barley. |
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מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה.
הִיא הַמִּנְחָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁהוּבְאָה מִן הֶחָדָשׁ, וְאִם תֹּאמַר הֲרֵי קָרְבָה מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר אֵינָהּ כִּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמְּנָחוֹת, שֶׁהִיא בָאָה מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים (מנחות י"ד):
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| 17You must bring bread set aside from the land in which you dwell—two loaves made from two-tenths of an ephah; they must be of fine flour, and they must be baked leavened. This will be the first grain-offering of wheat brought to God. |
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יזמִמּֽוֹשְׁבֹ֨תֵיכֶ֜ם תָּבִ֣יאוּ | לֶ֣חֶם תְּנוּפָ֗ה שְׁתַּ֨יִם֙ שְׁנֵ֣י עֶשְׂרֹנִ֔ים סֹ֣לֶת תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה חָמֵ֖ץ תֵּֽאָפֶ֑ינָה בִּכּוּרִ֖ים לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| מִמּֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם - (lit.) From where you dwell - but not from outside the Land of Israel. |
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מִמּֽוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם.
וְלֹא מִחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ (ספרא):
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| לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה - (lit.) Bread, a wave-offering - means: bread that was separated by being designated for God on High, and this is the “new grain-offering” mentioned above. |
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לֶחֶם תְּנוּפָה.
לֶחֶם תְּרוּמָה, הַמּוּרָם לְשֵׁם גָּבוֹהַּ, וְזוֹ הִיא הַמִּנְחָה הַחֲדָשָׁה הָאֲמוּרָה לְמַעְלָה:
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| בִּכּוּרִים - (lit.) First-ripening - i.e., it is the first of all grain-offerings, even the “grain-offering of jealousies” (i.e., which is part of the rite of the suspected adulteress), which is brought from barley; it too cannot be offered up from the new crop before the two loaves are offered up. |
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בִּכּוּרִים.
רִאשׁוֹנָה לְכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת, אַף לְמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת הַבָּאָה מִן שְׂעוֹרִים לֹא תִּקְרַב מִן הֶחָדָשׁ קֹדֶם לִשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם (שם):
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| 18Along with the bread, you must bring seven unblemished lambs in their first year, one young bull, and two rams. These must be ascent-offerings to God, accompanied by their grain-offering and libations, offered up with the intention that they be fire-offerings and that are pleasing to God. |
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יחוְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֣ם עַל־הַלֶּ֗חֶם שִׁבְעַ֨ת כְּבָשִׂ֤ים תְּמִימִם֙ בְּנֵ֣י שָׁנָ֔ה וּפַ֧ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֛ר אֶחָ֖ד וְאֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם יִֽהְי֤וּ עֹלָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה וּמִנְחָתָם֙ וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֔ם אִשֵּׁ֥ה רֵֽיחַ־נִיחֹ֖חַ לַֽיהֹוָֽה: |
| עַל־הַלֶּחֶם - With the bread - i.e., on account of the bread, as an obligation due to the bread. |
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עַל־הַלֶּחֶם.
בִּגְלַל הַלֶּחֶם, חוֹבָה לַלֶּחֶם (ספרא; מנחות מ"ה):
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| וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם - [Accompanied by] their grain-offering and libations - i.e., according to the rules of grain-offerings and libations that are specified for each type of animal in the passage concerning libations: three-tenths of an ephah for a bull, two-tenths for a ram, and one-tenth for a lamb – this is the grain-offering; and the libations: half a hin of wine for a bull, a third of a hin for a ram, and a quarter of a hin for a lamb. |
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וּמִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם.
כְּמִשְׁפַּט מִנְחָה וּנְסָכִים הַמְפֹרָשִׁים בְּכָל בְּהֵמָה בְּפָרָשַׁת נְסָכִים, שְׁלוֹשָׁה עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לַפָּר וּשְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לָאַיִל וְעִשָּׂרוֹן לַכֶּבֶשׂ, זוֹ הִיא הַמִּנְחָה, וְהַנְּסָכִים חֲצִי הַהִין לַפָּר וּשְׁלִישִׁית הַהִין לָאַיִל וּרְבִיעִית הַהִין לַכֶּבֶשׂ:
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| 19You must offer up one he-goat as a sin-offering and two lambs in their first year as a peace-promoting feast-offering. |
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יטוַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם שְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּ֥ים אֶחָ֖ד לְחַטָּ֑את וּשְׁנֵ֧י כְבָשִׂ֛ים בְּנֵ֥י שָׁנָ֖ה לְזֶ֥בַח שְׁלָמִֽים: |
| וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם שְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּים - You must offer up [one] he-goat. I might think that the seven lambs and the goat mentioned here are the same seven lambs and the goat mentioned in the Book of Numbers. However when you come to the bulls and the rams, you see that they are not the same. Consequently, you must say that these are distinct sacrifices and those constitute other, distinct sacrifices; these are offered on account of the bread, and those as additional offerings. |
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וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם שְׂעִֽיר־עִזִּים.
יָכוֹל שִׁבְעַת הַכְּבָשִׂים וְהַשָּׂעִיר הָאֲמוּרִים כָּאן הֵם ז' הַכְּבָשִׂים וְהַשָּׂעִיר הָאֲמוּרִים בְּחֻמַּשׁ הַפְּקוּדִים, כְּשֶׁאַתָּה מַגִּיעַ אֵצֶל פָּרִים וְאֵילִים אֵינָן הֵם, אֱמֹר מֵעַתָּה אֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ לְעַצְמָן — אֵלּוּ קָרְבוּ בִּגְלַל הַלֶּחֶם וְאֵלּוּ לַמּוּסָפִין (שם):
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| 20The priest must wave them together with the first-offering bread as a wave-offering before God—specifically, the two lambs. They will be holy to God, given to the priest. |
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כוְהֵנִ֣יף הַכֹּהֵ֣ן | אֹתָ֡ם עַל֩ לֶ֨חֶם הַבִּכֻּרִ֤ים תְּנוּפָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁנֵ֖י כְּבָשִׂ֑ים קֹ֛דֶשׁ יִֽהְי֥וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֖ה לַכֹּהֵֽן: |
| וְהֵנִיף הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם תְּנוּפָה - The priest must wave them…as a wave-offering. This teaches us that they require waving while still alive. I might think that this applies to all these sacrifices; Scripture therefore states: עַל שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים (lit.) “next to the two lambs.” |
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וְהֵנִיף הַכֹּהֵן אֹתָם תְּנוּפָה.
מְלַמֵּד שֶׁטְּעוּנִין תְּנוּפָה חַיִּים, יָכוֹל כֻּלָּם, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר "עַל שְׁנֵי כְבָשִֹים" (עי' מנחות ס"ב):
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| קֹדֶשׁ יִֽהְיוּ - They will be holy. Since peace-offerings of individuals are sacrifices of lesser holiness, it was necessary to state regarding communal peace-offerings that they are sacrifices of superior holiness. |
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קֹדֶשׁ יִֽהְיוּ.
לְפִי שֶׁשַּׁלְמֵי יָחִיד קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, הֻזְקַק לוֹמַר בְּשַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר שֶׁהֵן קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים:
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| 21You must designate this very day as a holy occasion which you must celebrate and on which you must not perform any mundane work. This is an eternal rule in all your dwelling places and throughout all your generations. |
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כאוּקְרָאתֶ֞ם בְּעֶ֣צֶם | הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֗ה מִקְרָא־קֹ֨דֶשׁ֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לָכֶ֔ם כָּל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת עֲבֹדָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ חֻקַּ֥ת עוֹלָ֛ם בְּכָל־מֽוֹשְׁבֹ֥תֵיכֶ֖ם לְדֹרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם: |
| 22When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not fully reap the corner of your field during your harvesting, nor may you gather up the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave these for the poor person and for the convert; I am God, your God.’” |
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כבוּבְקֻצְרְכֶ֞ם אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֗ם לֹֽא־תְכַלֶּ֞ה פְּאַ֤ת שָֽׂדְךָ֙ בְּקֻצְרֶ֔ךָ וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּֽעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם: |
| וּבְקֻצְרְכֶם - When you reap. Scripture repeats these commandments here to indicate that one who fails to observe them transgresses two negative commandments. Rabbi Avardimas son of Rabbi Yosei said: Why did Scripture see fit to place this repetition in the middle of the festivals: Passover and Atzeret (Shavu’ot) on one side, and Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, and the Festival (Sukkot) on the other? To teach you that whoever gives gleanings, forgotten sheaves, and the corner of the field to the poor properly is considered as if he built the Temple and offered up his sacrifices there. |
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וּבְקֻצְרְכֶם.
חָזַר וְשָׁנָה, לַעֲבֹר עֲלֵיהֶם בִּשְׁנֵי לָאוין; אָמַר ר' אַבְדִּימֵי בְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵף, מָה רָאָה הַכָּתוּב לִתְּנָהּ בְאֶמְצַע הָרְגָלִים — פֶּסַח וַעֲצֶרֶת מִכָּאן וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים וְחַג מִכָּאן — ? לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל הַנּוֹתֵן לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה לֶעָנִי כָּרָאוּי, מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ בָּנָה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ וְהִקְרִיב קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו בְּתוֹכוֹ (ספרא):
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| תַּֽעֲזֹב - You must leave - in this context, this phrase indicates the absolute relinquishment of these gifts: leave them in front of them so they may gather them themselves, but you must not help any of them. |
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תַּֽעֲזֹב.
הַנַּח לִפְנֵיהֶם וְהֵם יִלְקְטוּ, וְאֵין לְךָ לְסַיֵּעַ לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם (פאה פ"ה):
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| אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם - I am God, your God - trustworthy to pay reward. |
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אֲנִי ה' אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶֽם.
נֶאֱמָן לְשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר:
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