Vayikra (Leviticus) Chapter 22

26God spoke to Moses, saying:   כווַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
27“When a work-bull, sheep, or goat is born, it must remain in its mother’s care for seven days; it will be accepted as a sacrifice for a fire-offering to God only from the eighth day onward.   כזשׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־כֶ֤שֶׂב אוֹ־עֵז֙ כִּ֣י יִוָּלֵ֔ד וְהָיָ֛ה שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים תַּ֣חַת אִמּ֑וֹ וּמִיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי֙ וָהָ֔לְאָה יֵֽרָצֶ֕ה לְקָרְבַּ֥ן אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
כִּי יִוָּלֵד - When…is born. This excludes an animal delivered by cesarean section from being brought as a sacrifice.   כִּי יִוָּלֵד  פְּרָט לְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן (שם ל"ח):
28With regard to a work-bull or a sheep or goat: you must not slaughter it and its offspring on the same day.   כחוְשׁ֖וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֑ה אֹת֣וֹ וְאֶת־בְּנ֔וֹ לֹ֥א תִשְׁחֲט֖וּ בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָֽד:
אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹ - It and its offspring. This applies only to a female parent, that it is forbidden to slaughter the mother and its male or female young on the same day, but it does not apply to male parents, and it is permitted to slaughter the father and its offspring on the same day.   אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹ  נוֹהֵג בַּנְּקֵבָה — שֶׁאָסוּר לִשְׁחֹט הָאֵם וְהַבֵּן אוֹ הַבַּת, וְאֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג בַּזְּכָרִים, וּמֻתָּר לִשְׁחֹט הָאָב וְהַבֵּן (שם ע"ח):
אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹ - It and its offspring. Slaughtering its offspring first and then it is also implied.   אֹתוֹ וְאֶת־בְּנוֹ  אַף בְּנוֹ וְאוֹתוֹ בְּמַשְׁמָע (שם פ"ב):
29When you slaughter a thanksgiving feast-offering to God, you must slaughter it such that it attain My favor for you, i.e.,   כטוְכִֽי־תִזְבְּח֥וּ זֶֽבַח־תּוֹדָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה לִרְצֹֽנְכֶ֖ם תִּזְבָּֽחוּ:
לִרְצֹֽנְכֶם תִזְבְּחוּ - You must slaughter it such that it attain favor for you - i.e., take care at the beginning of your sacrificing the offering that it achieve acceptance for you. And what achieves acceptance?   לִרְצֹֽנְכֶם תִזְבְּחוּ  תְּחִלַּת זְבִיחַתְכֶם הִזָּהֲרוּ שֶׁתְּהֵא לְרָצוֹן לָכֶם, וּמַהוּ הָרָצוֹן?
ביום ההוא יאכל - That “it be eaten on that day”. this is stated solely to warn us that the slaughtering must be performed with this purpose, i.e., do not slaughter it with the intent that it be eaten tomorrow, for if you have such an unfit thought, it will not achieve appeasement for you. Another explanation: לִרְצֹנְכֶם means “with your full knowledge.” From here we learn that unaware slaughter is invalid slaughter for sacrifices. Regarding the first explanation, although Scripture already specified this for those sacrifices that may be eaten for two consecutive days, 1 it specifies it again for those sacrifices that may be eaten only on one day, that their slaughtering must be performed with the intention that they be eaten within their set time.   ביום ההוא יאכל  לֹא בָא לְהַזְהִיר אֶלָּא שֶׁתְּהֵא שְׁחִיטָה עַל מְנָת כֵּן — אַל תִּשְׁחֲטוּהוּ עַל מְנָת לְאָכְלוֹ לְמָחָר, שֶׁאִם תַּחְשְׁבוּ בוֹ מַחֲשֶׁבֶת פְּסוּל לֹא יְהֵא לָכֶם לְרָצוֹן; דָּבָר אַחֵר לרצנכם — לְדַעְתְּכֶם, מִכָּאן לַמִּתְעַסֵּק שֶׁפָּסוּל בִּשְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים; וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶּׁפֵּרֵט בַּנֶּאֱכָלִים לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים, חָזַר וּפֵרֵט בַּנֶּאֱכָלִין לְיוֹם אֶחָד שֶׁתְּהֵא זְבִיחָתָן עַל מְנָת לְאָכְלָן בִּזְמַנָּן:
30with the intention that it be eaten on that day; do not leave it over until morning; I am God.   לבַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל לֹֽא־תוֹתִ֥ירוּ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ עַד־בֹּ֑קֶר אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה:
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יֵֽאָכֵל - (lit.) It must be eaten on that day. This is stated solely to teach us that the slaughter must be performed with that intention, for if it were merely to set the time limit for eating it, that has already been stated: “The flesh of his peace-promoting feast-offering of thanksgiving must be eaten during the day it is offered up.” 2   בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא יֵֽאָכֵל  לֹא בָא לְהַזְהִיר אֶלָּא שֶׁתְּהֵא שְׁחִיטָה עַל מְנָת כֵּן, שֶׁאִם לִקְבֹּעַ לוֹ זְמַן אֲכִילָה, כְּבָר כָּתוּב וּבְשַׂר זֶבַח תּוֹדַת שְׁלָמָיו וְגוֹ' (ויקרא ז'):
אֲנִי ה' - I am God. Be aware who decreed concerning this matter, and thus, let it not be light in your eyes.   אֲנִי ה'  דַּע מִי גָזַר עַל הַדָּבָר וְאַל יֵקַל בְּעֵינֶיךָ:
31You must safeguard My commandments and perform them; I am God.   לאוּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ מִצְו‍ֹתַ֔י וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה:
וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם - You must safeguard. This refers to study.   וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם  זוֹ הַמִּשְׁנָה:
וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם - And perform. This refers to practice.   וַֽעֲשִׂיתֶם  זֶה הַמַּעֲשֶׂה (ספרא):
32You must not desecrate My holy Name, that I may be sanctified among the Israelites; I am God, who sanctifies you, and   לבוְלֹ֤א תְחַלְּלוּ֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם קָדְשִׁ֔י וְנִ֨קְדַּשְׁתִּ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָ֖ה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶֽם:
וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ - You must not desecrate - by disobeying My words intentionally. Since it is implied from that which it says: “you must not desecrate” that conversely, refusal to transgress God’s will sanctifies Him, why does Scripture need to state further: “that I may be sanctified”? To teach: Give yourself up to martyrdom, if necessary, to sanctify My Name. I might think that this applies even in private? Scripture therefore states: “among the Israelites,” i.e., you are required to do so only in the presence of ten adult male Jews. And when giving oneself up to martyrdom, one must offer oneself while intending to die if necessary, for anyone who gives himself up while entertaining the hope of a miraculous delivery from martyrdom, no miracle will be done for him; for so we find regarding Chananyah, Misha’el, and Azaryah, that they did not give themselves up to martyrdom out of hope for a miracle, as it says: “And even if He does not save us, let it be known to you, King, that we do not worship your god” 3 – whether He rescues us or not, let it be known to you….   וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ  לַעֲבֹר עַל דְּבָרַי מְזִידִין; מִמַּשְׁמָע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ מַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר וְנִקְדַּשְׁתִּי? מְסֹר עַצְמְךָ וְקַדֵּשׁ שְׁמִי. יָכוֹל בְּיָחִיד, תַּלְמוּד לוֹמָר בתוך בני ישראל; וּכְשֶׁהוּא מוֹסֵר עַצְמוֹ יִמְסֹר עַצְמוֹ עַל מְנָת לָמוּת, שֶׁכָּל הַמּוֹסֵר עַצְמוֹ עַל מְנָת הַנֵּס, אֵין עוֹשִֹׁין לוֹ נֵס, שֶׁכֵּן מָצִינוּ בַחֲנַנְיָה מִישָׁאֵל וַעֲזַרְיָה שֶׁלֹּא מָסְרוּ עַצְמָן עַל מְנָת הַנֵּס, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דניאל נ'), "וְהֵן לָא יְדִיעַ לֶהֱוֵא לָךְ מַלְכָּא" וְגוֹ', מַצִּיל וְלֹא מַצִּיל — "יְדִיעַ לֶהֱוֵא לָךְ" וְגו' (ספרא):
33who took you out of Egypt in order to be your God; I am God.”   לגהַמּוֹצִ֤יא אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִֽהְי֥וֹת לָכֶ֖ם לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה:
הַמּוֹצִיא אֶתְכֶם - Who took you out - for that purpose.   הַמּוֹצִיא אֶתְכֶם  עַל מְנָת כֵּן:
אֲנִי ה' - I am God - who is trustworthy to pay reward.   אֲנִי ה'  נֶאֱמָן לְשַׁלֵּם שָׂכָר (שם):

Vayikra (Leviticus) Chapter 23

1God spoke to Moses, saying,   אוַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־משֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר:
2“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘With regard to God’s appointed holy days, it is only about the ones that you will designate as designated holy occasions that God will say, “These are My appointed holy days.”   בדַּבֵּ֞ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מֽוֹעֲדֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־תִּקְרְא֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם מִקְרָאֵ֣י קֹ֑דֶשׁ אֵ֥לֶּה הֵ֖ם מֽוֹעֲדָֽי:
דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֽוֹעֲדֵי ה' - Speak to the Israelites…God’s appointed [holy] days. i.e., arrange the festivals such that Israel will be accustomed to taking part in them. Thus, the court establishes a leap year for the benefit of those of the Diaspora who have already left their homes to make the festival pilgrimage but have not yet reached Jerusalem.   דַּבֵּר אֶל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֽוֹעֲדֵי ה'  עֲשֵׂה מוֹעֲדוֹת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ יִשְֹרָאֵל מְלֻמָּדִין בָּהֶם, שֶׁמְּעַבְּרִים אֶת הַשָּׁנָה עַל גָּלֻיּוֹת שֶׁנֶּעֶקְרוּ מִמְּקוֹמָן לַעֲלוֹת לָרֶגֶל וַעֲדַיִן לֹא הִגִּיעוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם (ספרא):
3During a six-day period each week, work may be performed, but on the seventh day there must be a complete rest day, a holy occasion. You must not perform any work on it. It is a Sabbath to God in all your dwelling places.   גשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֘ תֵּֽעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתוֹן֙ מִקְרָא־קֹ֔דֶשׁ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה לֹ֣א תַֽעֲשׂ֑וּ שַׁבָּ֥ת הִוא֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה בְּכֹ֖ל מֽוֹשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶֽם:
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים - During a six-day period. What does the Sabbath have to do with the festivals? This seemingly superfluous statement is added to teach you that whoever desecrates the festivals is considered as if he has desecrated the Sabbaths, and whoever observes the festivals is considered as if he has observed the Sabbaths.   שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים  מָה עִנְיַן שַׁבָּת אֵצֶל מוֹעֲדוֹת? לְלַמֶּדְךָ שֶׁכָּל הַמְחַלֵּל אֶת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ חִלֵּל אֶת הַשַּׁבָּתוֹת, וְכָל הַמְקַיֵּם אֶת הַמּוֹעֲדוֹת מַעֲלִין עָלָיו כְּאִלּוּ קִיֵּם אֶת הַשַּׁבָּתוֹת (שם):