Devarim (Deuteronomy) Chapter 5

1Moses summoned all Israel and said to them, “Hear, Israel, the rules and ordinances that I speak in your ears today; study them and safeguard them by learning how to perform them properly.   אוַיִּקְרָ֣א משֶׁה֘ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם שְׁמַ֤ע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־הַֽחֻקִּ֣ים וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּטִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָֽנֹכִ֛י דֹּבֵ֥ר בְּאָזְנֵיכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם וּלְמַדְתֶּ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם לַֽעֲשֹׂתָֽם:
2God, our God, made a covenant with us at Mount Horeb.   ביְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת עִמָּ֛נוּ בְּרִ֖ית בְּחֹרֵֽב:
3Not with our forefathers did God make this covenant, but with us—we, those who are here today, all of us who are alive.   גלֹ֣א אֶת־אֲבֹתֵ֔ינוּ כָּרַ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣ית הַזֹּ֑את כִּ֣י אִתָּ֔נוּ אֲנַ֨חְנוּ אֵ֥לֶּה פֹ֛ה הַיּ֖וֹם כֻּלָּ֥נוּ חַיִּֽים:
לֹא אֶת־אֲבֹתֵינוּ - Not with our forefathers - alone “did God make…but with us….”   לֹא אֶת־אֲבֹתֵינוּ.  בִּלְבַד כרת ה' וגו'. כי אתנו וגו':
4God spoke with you at the mountain face to face out of the midst of the fire   דפָּנִ֣ים | בְּפָנִ֗ים דִּבֶּ֨ר יְהֹוָ֧ה עִמָּכֶ֛ם בָּהָ֖ר מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ:
פָּנִים בְּפָנִים - Face to face. Rabbi Berachyah said: This is what Moses said: “Do not say that I am misleading you with unsubstantiated claims, as a middleman acts between a seller and a buyer, for here the seller himself is speaking to you!”   פָּנִים בְּפָנִים.  אָמַר רַבִּי בֶרֶכְיָה: כָּךְ אָמַר מֹשֶׁה, אַל תֹּאמְרוּ אֲנִי מַטְעֶה אֶתְכֶם עַל לֹא דָבָר, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהַסַּרְסוּר עוֹשֶׂה בֵּין הַמּוֹכֵר לַלּוֹקֵחַ, הֲרֵי הַמּוֹכֵר עַצְמוֹ מְדַבֵּר עִמָּכֶם (פסיקתא רבתי):
5(I stood between God and you at that time in order to tell you the word of God, for you were afraid of the fire and you did not want to ascend the mountain), saying,   האָֽנֹכִ֠י עֹמֵ֨ד בֵּֽין־יְהֹוָ֤ה וּבֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔וא לְהַגִּ֥יד לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־דְּבַ֣ר יְהֹוָ֑ה כִּ֤י יְרֵאתֶם֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ וְלֹֽא־עֲלִיתֶ֥ם בָּהָ֖ר לֵאמֹֽר:
לֵאמֹֽר - Saying. This refers to the previous verse: “God spoke with you at the mountain face to face out of the midst of the fire, saying, ‘I am God…,’” and “I was standing between God and you.”   לֵאמֹֽר.  מוּסָב עַל דבר ה' עמכם בהר מתוך האש, לאמר אנכי ה' וגו' ואנכי עומד בין ה' וביניכם:
6‘I am God, your God, who took you out of Egypt, out of the house of slaves.   ואָֽנֹכִ֖י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הֽוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִֽים:
7You must not possess any idols of other peoples’ deities as long as I exist, wherever I may be.   זלֹא־יִֽהְיֶ֥ה לְךָ֛ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִ֖ים עַל־פָּנָֽי:
עַל־פָּנָֽי - (lit.) Upon My face - means wherever I may be, i.e., anywhere in the world. Another explanation: As long as I exist. Regarding the Ten Commandments, I have already explained them in parashat Yitro.   עַל־פָּנָֽי.  בְּכָל מָקוֹם אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי שָׁם, וְזֶהוּ כָּל הָעוֹלָם. דָּבָר אַחֵר — כָּל זְמַן שֶׁאֲנִי קַיָּם. עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּים:
8You must not make yourself a sculpted image or any other type of likeness of anything that is in heaven above, on earth below, or in the water lower than the earth.   חלֹא־תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה לְךָ֥ פֶ֨סֶל֙ כָּל־תְּמוּנָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּמַּ֖יִם מִתַּ֥חַת לָאָֽרֶץ:
9You must neither prostrate yourself before them nor worship them, for I, God, your God, am a zealous God in this regard. For those who hate Me and worship idols, I am a God who remembers the premeditated sins of the fathers, adding their demerits to those of their descendants, up to the third and the fourth generation.   טלֹֽא־תִשְׁתַּֽחֲוֶ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א תָֽעָבְדֵ֑ם כִּ֣י אָֽנֹכִ֞י יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ אֵ֣ל קַנָּ֔א פֹּ֠קֵ֠ד עֲו‍ֹ֨ן אָב֧וֹת עַל־בָּנִ֛ים וְעַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֥ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִ֖ים לְשֽׂנְאָֽי:
10But, in contrast, I am a God who shows kindness for at least 2000 generations to the descendants of those who love Me and of those who observe My commandments.   יוְעֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֖סֶד לַֽאֲלָפִ֑ים לְאֹֽהֲבַ֖י וּלְשֹֽׁמְרֵ֥י מִצְו‍ֹתָֽי (כתיב מצותו) :
11You must not swear by the Name of God, your God, in vain, for God will not absolve anyone who swears by His name in vain.   יאלֹ֥א תִשָּׂ֛א אֶת־שֵֽׁם־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ לַשָּׁ֑וְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יְנַקֶּה֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־יִשָּׂ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ לַשָּֽׁוְא:
12Observe the Sabbath day, keeping it holy, as God, your God, commanded you.   יבשָׁמ֛וֹר אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת לְקַדְּשׁ֑וֹ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ:
שָׁמוֹר - Observe - but in the first version of the Ten Commandments it says: זָכוֹר “remember.” The reason is: Both were stated in one utterance and as one word, and both were heard simultaneously in one hearing.   שָׁמוֹר.  וּבָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת הוּא אוֹמֵר "זָכוֹר", שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּדִבּוּר אֶחָד וּבְתֵבָה אַחַת נֶאֶמְרוּ, וּבִשְׁמִיעָה אַחַת נִשְׁמְעוּ (מכילתא):
כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ - As [God, your God] commanded you - before the Giving of the Torah, at Marah.   כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ.  קֹדֶם מַתַּן תּוֹרָה בְּמָרָה (שבת פ"ז):
13Six days must you labor and do all your work.   יגשֵׁ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ תַּֽעֲבֹ֔ד וְעָשִׂ֖יתָ כָּל־מְלַאכְתֶּֽךָ:
14The seventh day is a sabbath dedicated to God, your God. You must not do any work—neither you nor your son, your daughter, your bondman, your bondwoman, your work-bull, your donkey, any of your domestic animals, or the resident alien, who is permitted to live within your gates—in order that your bondman and your bondwoman rest like you.   ידוְיוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שַׁבָּ֖ת לַֽיהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹא־תַֽעֲשֶׂ֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֜ה אַתָּ֣ה | וּבִנְךָֽ־וּבִתֶּ֣ךָ וְעַבְדְּךָֽ־וַֽאֲמָתֶ֗ךָ וְשֽׁוֹרְךָ֤ וַֽחֲמֹֽרְךָ֙ וְכָל־בְּהֶמְתֶּ֔ךָ וְגֵֽרְךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ לְמַ֗עַן יָנ֛וּחַ עַבְדְּךָ֥ וַֽאֲמָֽתְךָ֖ כָּמֽוֹךָ:
15You must remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and that God, your God, took you out from there with a mighty hand and with an outstretched arm. Therefore, God, your God, commanded you to observe the Sabbath day.   טווְזָֽכַרְתָּ֗ כִּ֣י עֶ֤בֶד הָיִ֨יתָ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֹּצִ֨אֲךָ֜ יְהֹוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֨יךָ֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם בְּיָ֥ד חֲזָקָ֖ה וּבִזְרֹ֣עַ נְטוּיָ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֗ן צִוְּךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ לַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת:
וְזָֽכַרְתָּ כִּי עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ וגו' - You must remember that you were a slave…. i.e., on this condition He redeemed you, that you be His servant and keep His commandments.   וְזָֽכַרְתָּ כִּי עֶבֶד הָיִיתָ וגו'.  עַל מְנָת כֵּן פְּדָאֲךָ שֶׁתִּהְיֶה לוֹ עֶבֶד וְתִשְׁמֹר מִצְווֹתָיו:
16Honor your father and your mother—as God, your God, commanded you—in order that your days be lengthened and that it go well with you in the land that God, your God, is giving you.   טזכַּבֵּ֤ד אֶת־אָבִ֨יךָ֙ וְאֶת־אִמֶּ֔ךָ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן | יַֽאֲרִיכֻ֣ן יָמֶ֗יךָ וּלְמַ֨עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ עַ֚ל הָֽאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לָֽךְ:
כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ - As [God, your God] commanded you. They were also commanded regarding honoring one’s father and mother at Marah, as it says: “It was there that God gave the people a rule and an ordinance.” 1   כַּֽאֲשֶׁר צִוְּךָ.  אַף עַל כִּבּוּד אָב וָאֵם נִצְטַוּוּ בְמָרָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ט"ו) שָׁם שָׂם לוֹ חֹק וּמִשְׁפָּט (סנהדרין נ"ו):
17You must not murder. You must not commit adultery. You must not steal people, i.e., kidnap. You must not bear false witness against your fellow.   יזלֹ֥א תִרְצַ֖ח ס וְלֹ֣א תִנְאָ֑ף ס וְלֹ֣א תִגְנֹ֔ב ס וְלֹא־תַֽעֲנֶ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖ עֵ֥ד שָֽׁוְא:
וְלֹא תִנְאָף - You must not commit adultery. The term נִאוּף applies only to illicit relations with a married woman.   וְלֹא תִנְאָף.  אֵין לְשׁוֹן נִאוּף אֶלָּא בְאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ:
18You must not desire your fellow’s wife, nor may you crave your fellow’s house, his field, his bondman, his bondwoman, his work-bull, his donkey, or anything else that belongs to your fellow.’   יחוְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֑ךָ ס וְלֹ֨א תִתְאַוֶּ֜ה בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֗ךָ שָׂדֵ֜הוּ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַֽאֲמָתוֹ֙ שׁוֹר֣וֹ וַֽחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ:
וְלֹא תִתְאַוֶּה - You must not crave. Onkelos translates this as: וְלָא תֵרוֹג, which is also an expression of desire, as we find: נֶחְמָד לְמַרְאֶה, 2 which Onkelos translates as: דִּמְרַגֵּג לְמֶחֱזֵי “desirable to look at.”   וְלֹא תִתְאַוֶּה.  וְלָא תֵרוֹג, אַף הוּא לְשׁוֹן חֶמְדָּה, כְּמוֹ נֶחְמָד לְמַרְאֶה (בראשית ב') דִּמְתַרְגְּמִינָן דִּמְרַגַּג לְמִחְזֵי: